001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.

notebook October 10, 2017

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

A complex number z is a number of the form,

2
z = x + y i (where i = - 1)

where x and y are real numbers and i is the positive root of

2
the equation z + 1 = 0 (the variable z is used in complex
numbers). The set of all complex numbers is denoted by C
(just as the set of all real numbers is denoted by R).

The real part of z is x : Re (z) = x; the

imaginary part of z is y : Im (z) = y

The complex conjugate of z = x + y i is

the complex number (denoted by z) :

z = x - yi

When a complex number z is written in the form

x + y i, this is called the Cartesian Form (of z)

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

Powers of i

1
i = i
2
i = -1
3
i = -i
4
i = 1
5
i = i

etc.

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

Two complex numbers are equal if they have the

same real parts and the same imaginary parts

Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers

Complex numbers are added or subtracted by adding or

subtracting their real parts and imaginary parts separately :

z = a + b i, w = c + d i ⇒ z ± w = (a ± c) + (b ± d) i

Multiplication of Complex Numbers

Complex numbers are multiplied by expanding brackets and

collecting together real and imaginary parts :

z = a + b i, w = c + d i ⇒ z w = (ac - bd) + (ad + bc) i

This formula is not to be memorised; just expand brackets

and simplify.

Division of Complex Numbers

To divide two complex numbers, multiply the numerator and

denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator.

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

If z = 3 + 2 i and w = 5 - i, find :

(a) z + w.

(b) 3 z - 5 w.

(a)
z + w = 3 + 2i + 5 - i

⇒ z + w = 8 + i

(b)

3 z - 5 w = 3 (3 + 2 i) - 5 (5 - i)

⇒ 3 z - 5 w = 9 + 6 i - 25 + 5 i

⇒ 3 z - 5 w = - 16 + 11 i

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

If z = - 2 + 4 i and w = 1 + i, find :

(a) z w.

(b) z ÷ w.

(a)
z w = (- 2 + 4 i) (1 + i)

2
⇒ zw = -2 - 2i + 4i + 4i

⇒ zw = -2 - 2i + 4i - 4

⇒ zw = -6 + 2i

(b)
-2 + 4i
z ÷ w =
1 + i

(- 2 + 4 i) (1 - i)
∴ z ÷ w =
(1 + i) (1 - i)

-2 + 2i + 4i + 4
⇒ z ÷ w =
1 + 1

2 + 6i
⇒ z ÷ w =
2

⇒ z ÷ w = 1 + 3i

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

2
If a + b i = (4 + i) , find a and b.

2
a + b i = (4 + i)

⇒ a + b i = (4 + i) (4 + i)

⇒ a + b i = 16 + 4 i + 4 i - 1

⇒ a + b i = 15 + 8 i

Equating real and imaginary parts gives,

a = 15, b = 8

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

Show that for complex numbers z and w,

z + w = z + w

z = a + b i, w = c + d i ⇒ z = a - b i, w = c - d i

z + w = (a + b i) + (c + d i)

⇒ z + w = (a + c) + (b + d) i

⇒ z + w = (a + c) - (b + d) i

⇒ z + w = (a - b i) + (c - d i)

⇒ z + w = z + w

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001 - Arithmetic of Complex Numbers.notebook October 10, 2017

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• pg. 209

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