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Methodology
The researchers began to study and research the project design where it went with specific
trials and preparing on how the project design was made conceivable. The researcher will use
the method of collecting data through the use of collecting important and useful data for the
study since it aims to improve and prove facts connected to the research.
increase the knowledge of the researcher. To be able to support theorems, or develop new
theories from the perceptions and suggestions of the respondents that will be a great
The researchers will gather information about the related designs of the prototype from
the different people who have knowledge on the actual prototype. Researchers will make an
interview to ask some questions about the different materials, equipment to be used and right
ideas to be gathered. This will help for the research and development of methods and systems
The consultation will be conducted to extract some data about the possible design of the
proposed project. People that are well known will also ask regarding for their ideas and opinions
for the said study. Secondary data will be obtained from chosen articles and related literature
from books, journals, and internet. Local studies will be gathered from colleges and universities.
Foreign studies will be gathered internationally through the use of the internet.
magnetic field intensities through utilization of current sensors. In order to better understand
how the electrical fault detector will operate and be used for detecting a fault in a transmission
line, a basic fault detection process flowchart and block diagram of the electrical fault detector
is presented here.
The magnetic field which is recognized by the current sensors will change in view of the
design of the conductors. Since the magnetic field-based fault detector ought to have the
The project is about developing and prototyping an Electrical Fault Detector system
which detects transmission line faults in real-time monitoring that detects and locates faults and
sends an information of detected fault, type of fault, location of fault occurred and time of fault
occurrence in a mobile device. The power supply of the system is a three-phase 230V AC
power.
Current Sensors detects the magnetic field around the three phase conductors. The supply
of the interconnected circuits inside the system is transformed into 12V DC low voltage supply
by a step-down transformer connected to the three phase supply. A Battery Management System
(BMS) is included in the design of the system for backup power supply when power in the
In connection with the BMS, a Li-ion Battery 3s/20mah is needed for the storage of the
stored power. The BMS and the battery are connected into a Voltage Regulator. This is to
regulate the power source that the interconnected circuits needed. The voltage regulator
regulates the supply voltage flowing through Relay Driver of relays for the transmission line.
This is also used to protect the whole system to a sudden change in voltage in the transmission
The current sensor senses the flowing current in the transmission line and sends the
acquired measurements in the processor. The PIC18F4550 is the Main Control Unit of the
system. It processes the components in the system into their respective functions in the
operation of the electrical fault detector. An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) ports is used
in the system.
The ADC turns the analog reading of current sensors into a digital value. This digital
value is processed by the Main Control Unit. A 3x4 keypad and 3x4 keypad driver are used to
set and control the input parameters in the system and display an output of the processed
Real Time Clock (RTC) module is installed for recording real-time operation and
detection of faults. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is a digital mobile
telephony used for the detector to communicate to the operator of the fault detector. It sends the
acquired data like a type of fault, location of fault and time of fault occurrence in a mobile
and time information in the condition of the electrical fault detector is used to locate the position
of the fault.
Buzzer and Light Emitting Diode (LED) indicator are used for indicating the state of the
This Electrical Fault Detector is a kind of device that detects and locates a fault event in
the transmission lines. For power source its consist a Three Phase 230V AC supply, Main
3s/20mah and a Voltage Regulator. For Fault Detection, it uses Relay Driver, Relays for
transmission lines and Current Sensors. An ADC Ports, Voltage Divider, 3x4 keypad Driver
RTC Module, GSM Module, and GPS Module are used for the real-time fault detection
and location. 4x20 LCD Display, Buzzer and LED Indicator are used for indicating the state of
the device. PIC18F4550 Microcontroller is the main control unit of the all input and output
Fault detectors like Remote Controlled Line Switch have a master station to where it
sends its information. This device functions in two ways, it can be interfaced in a master station
and it is upgraded to a device that can be used by a roaming operator by utilizing a mobile
phone. An additional upgrade is that it can select a recipient from multiple selections by the
The fault detection flowchart shows a process flowchart of electrical fault detector for
detecting faults in the transmission lines. The first operation that the device would perform is
measurement and current measurement. After monitoring the voltage and current values, the
current sensor will detect sudden changes in the magnetic field present in the flow of current in
a conductor. A high current is suddenly produced when a fault has occurred. Any abnormality
To achieve project objective time management is to be taken care of seriously from the
very beginning. The first step is to project in several part or task that has to be performed. This
process should be completed before the implementation of the project. For the proposed project,
it is necessary to create a time plan be setting the objective and then subdividing them into the
manageable sequence with a deadline attached to it. The first step for the researcher is to
identify how to perform the specific schedule activity to be performed & time period needed to
objective. The amount of time each task will take to complete should also be estimated clearly.
The next step is to decide which work is most important and set the priorities accordingly.
3.7 Project development flow chart
Figure
3.7
General
flow
chart of
the study