3/31/2019 Chapter 2 Homework

Chapter 2 Homework
Due: 11:59am on Wednesday, January 9, 2019
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Video Tutor: The Structure of Nucleotides

Watch the Video Tutor on The Structure of Nucleotides and then answer the questions below.

Part A
Each nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.

Hint 1. The components

There are essentially three components to a nucleotide.

ANSWER:

adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine

pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base

pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

ribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

Correct
There are three main components of all nucleotides.

Part B
Which of the following is NOT a normal function of nucleotides?

Hint 1. Genetics

Nucleotide functions seem to be closely associated with the genes of a cell.

ANSWER:

building blocks of proteins

building blocks of RNA

building blocks of DNA

energy storage molecules

Correct
Amino acids, not nucleotides, are the building blocks of proteins.

Part C
The difference between ribose sugars and deoxyribose sugars is that _____.

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3/31/2019 Chapter 2 Homework

Hint 1. What is in a name?

The difference can be seen in the name itself.

ANSWER:

deoxyribose sugars already have a phosphate attached

ribose sugars have an extra oxygen atom

ribose sugars are six-carbon sugars, whereas deoxyribose sugars are five-carbon sugars

ribose sugars compose purines and deoxyribose sugars compose pyrimidines

Correct
Deoxy- refers to the fact that an oxygen atom is removed.

Part D
Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA?

Hint 1. One

Most nitrogenous bases are found in both RNA and DNA, but only one is specific to RNA.

ANSWER:

adenine

cytosine

uracil

cytosine

Correct
Uracil is the only nucleotide base found in RNA.

Part E
During the formation of a nucleic acid, such as DNA, the phosphate group of a new nucleotide covalently binds to _____ of the existing string of nucleotides.

Hint 1. Ring

The bond attaches directly to one part of a pentose molecule.

ANSWER:

the 3' carbon

the 5' carbon

the phosphate group

the nitrogenous base

Correct
New nucleotides form a bond between the phosphate group of the new nucleotide and the 3' carbon of the existing chain.

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3/31/2019 Chapter 2 Homework

Part F
Nucleosides differ from nucleotides in that nucleosides _____.

Hint 1. Less is more

Nucleosides travel light.

ANSWER:

have a two-ring nitrogenous base

are missing a sugar

are incapable of forming bonds

are missing a phosphate

Correct
Nucleosides are like nucleotides without the phosphate group attached.

Part G
The high amount of energy stored within a molecule of the nucleotide adenosine triphosphate may be found _____.

Hint 1. Additions

As the length of the molecule increases, so does the energy within these bonds.

ANSWER:

within the bonds of the ribose sugar

within the phosphate-phosphate bonds

within the bond between the nucleoside and the first phosphate

within the bond between the nitrogenous base and ribose sugar

Correct
The covalent bonds between the phosphates release more energy than the sum of the two phosphates independently and are considered high-
energy bonds.

Part H
The nucleotide _____ is an important signaling molecule within many cells.

Hint 1. Subtractions

It is a nucleotide without the high-energy bonds.

ANSWER:

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

adenosine

adenine

adenosine triphosphate

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3/31/2019 Chapter 2 Homework

Correct
Cyclic AMP is useful as a signaling molecule, but not as a major source of energy.

Visualize It! Chapter 2 Figure 1

You will identify the parts of an amino acid.

Part A
Shown is the amino acid tryptophan. Put the letter "C" at the site of every carbon atom. Label the amino group, the carboxyl group, and the side group.

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels may be used more than once.
ANSWER:

Reset Help

C
Carboxyl
C group
C C
C
Carboxyl
group
C C C

Side C
group

Amino
group
C

Side Amino
group group

Correct

Visualize It! Chapter 2 Figure 2

You will identify the structural levels of a protein.

Part A
Label a portion of the molecule below where the primary structure is visible; label two types of secondary structure; label the tertiary structure.

Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

ANSWER:

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3/31/2019 Chapter 2 Homework

Reset Help

Tertiary
Primary structure
structure

Secondary
structure

Beta-pleated
sheet

Alpha-helix

Correct

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