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Chapter 14 Homework
Due: 1:59pm on Monday, March 25, 2019
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Watch the Video Tutor on Some Virulence Factors and then answer the questions below.
Part A
Hyaluronidase and collagenase both allow bacteria to _____.
Hint 1. Enzymes
Hyaluronidase and collagenase are both named for the substrates they break down.
ANSWER:
Correct
Hyaluronidase allows bacteria to pass between cells, and collagenase degrades connective tissue.
Part B
Which type of toxin, when secreted, may lead to the disruption of the cells within the gastrointestinal tract?
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
enterotoxin
endotoxin
neurotoxin
cytotoxin
Correct
Enterotoxins are responsible for the disruption and possible destruction of host cells and tissues within the
digestive tract. Enteron is Greek for "intestine."
Part C
A major difference between exotoxins and endotoxins is that endotoxins are _____.
Hint 1. LPS
Endotoxins are associated with the lipopolysaccharide layer.
ANSWER:
secreted by bacteria
Correct
Endotoxins are derived from the lipopolysaccharide layer that makes up the outermost membrane of Gram-
negative cells.
Part D
The release of lipid A may lead to _____.
Hint 1. Infection
The symptoms are the same as the body's general response to any infection.
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
Correct
All four of these symptoms can be associated with the release of lipid A.
Part E
Bacterial capsules work by _____.
Hint 1. Phagocytes
Capsules are sometimes composed of chemicals like hyaluronic acid.
ANSWER:
Correct
Capsules composed of chemicals normally found in the body may hide bacteria from phagocytes.
Part F
Some bacteria secrete chemicals that prevent the phagocytic digestion of a bacterium by interfering with the fusion of _____
to the phagosome.
Hint 1. Organelles
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
the bacterium
pseudopods
a lysosome
Correct
Chemicals that prevent lysosomes from fusing to phagosomes essentially prevent the lytic enzymes of the
phagocyte from destroying the bacterium.
Part G
Virulence factors allow microbes to be pathogens. This means that a bacterium with more virulence factors _____.
Hint 1. Virulence
Imagine the result if a pathogen had more ways of being pathogenic.
ANSWER:
Correct
Pathogens are microbes that infect hosts and cause disease. Virulence factors enable bacteria to infect and
persist within a host more effectively.
Part H
Why may some bacteria use extracellular enzymes to form blood clots?
Hint 1. Clots
Blood clots are made from clotting proteins, natural products found in blood. Think of what advantage it may confer
to the pathogen to be within a blood clot.
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
The blood clots cause disease, which is the intended purpose of the bacteria.
The blood clots are a necessary food source for the bacteria.
A blood clot leads to tissue necrosis or death, a necessary condition for infection.
Correct
A blood clot, being formed from normal components of the body, acts as camouflage and can prevent defensive
cells from recognizing the contents as foreign.
Part A
Epidemiology is defined as the study of
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
What is the role of epidemiology?
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
Correct
Part A
Which of the following would be considered a fomite?
ANSWER:
A tick
Contaminated water
An infected toy
A fly
Correct
Part B
Which of the following would be considered a vector?
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
Correct
Part C
When aerosols containing pathogens spread disease from a distance of less than one meter, it is considered
ANSWER:
waterborne transmission.
vector transmission.
contact transmission.
airborne transmission.
Correct
Part D
Which of the following is considered a major category of transmission of disease?
ANSWER:
Vehicle transmission
Vector transmission
Contact transmission
Correct
Part E
Which is an example of vehicle disease transmission?
ANSWER:
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
Correct
Part A
What type of nosocomial infection is likely to arise from intravenous catheterizations?
ANSWER:
Lower respiratory
Cutaneous
Urinary tract
Surgical
Bacteremia
Correct
Part B
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3/31/2019 Chapter 14 Homework
How might a patient who is not being treated with an antibiotic still be exposed to an antibiotic?
ANSWER:
Visitors currently being treated with antibiotics can pass them on to the patient.
Health care workers being treated with antibiotics may pass the antibiotic on to the patient.
Correct
Part C
Why are invasive procedures likely to increase the risk of nosocomial infections?
ANSWER:
These procedures allow microbes from the skin to enter the bloodstream of the patient.
Invasive procedures require long term hospital stays, thereby increasing the number of visitors seen by the
patient.
These procedures are carried out by health care workers, who carry resistant microbes.
Correct
Part D
How can health care workers reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections?
ANSWER:
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 100%.
You received 2 out of a possible total of 2 points.
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