Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
universal access on birth control and maternal care. It allows the usage of
more efficient and effective referral system from primary to tertiary, public
(1) family planning, (2) maternal and child health and nutrition, (3)
awareness and education, which are the initial steps to creating a well-
founded society. One of the key components of the law is the advocacy of
family-planning for couples. This way, they can decide on the proper
ideal family size to have two children only, but it is still for the family to
decide for their own welfare. This will inhibit the rapid growth of our
whole. Aside from this, campaigns and counseling will be funded in order
regarding sexuality and sexual health. Men and women alike will be more
aware of their rights and responsibilities, and will therefore become equal
3
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
in their school curriculum. This will ensure that their questions will be
take care of, and their future decisions will be based on the rational
teachings inculcated onto them early on. In effect, this can also prevent
because the citizens are fully equipped with the right information.
2015, the MMR was at 204 mothers dying per 100,000 live births – a far
cry from the MDG-MMR target of 52 per 100,000 by 2015 and even more
tract diseases has been given attention and treatment. Citizens will be
do not even know that they are already sick, or are usually afraid to ask.
4
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
undeniably present in the black market, but with proper treatment and
personally asking the residents in the area to fully determine if they really
the wider area or in the whole town of Sta Rosa , Nueva Ecija.
Family Planning
especially among the poor, do exacerbate poverty and make it harder for
of the Philippines affirmed the role of the RH bill in population growth and
increase in HIV infection rates that makes the Philippines one of the few
actually the health ministry’s main rationale for condom distribution and
care policy, we are at the mercy of national and local government officials
who may choose to promote the natural family planning method (NFP) and
deny access to the full range of contraceptive methods. For many poor
6
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
families, a large family size results in further poverty and lack of access to
education and health services, among others. There are also studies
showing that the eldest or second eldest from poor, large families end up
in prostitution to meet their families’ needs and many women from large
Relevance of Contraceptives
takes place before the conception of human life that is before a human
aborted by contraceptives.
decision-making often mean that Indian women give birth too early in life
and too frequently. The author also identified four reproductive rights
life cycle, for both men and women, (2) reproductive executive counting
number, timing and spacing of one's children and the right to have access
make free and informed choice in all sphere of life, free from bias based on
maternal deaths. It is unfortunate though that the proposed law that could
groups.
low among poor couples because they lacked information and access. For
instance, among the poorest 20 percent of women, over half did not use
any method of family planning whatsoever, while less than a third used
implications. The maternal mortality rate (MMR), already high at 162 per
childbirth-related causes based on the 2006 MMR, this number had risen
notes that another reason why implementing the RH bill is a pro to our
birth control but can also serve as protection. By the use of condoms it
can help prevent sexually transmitted diseases. By using birth control pills
not only can it lower the risk of unwanted pregnancy and can even improve
sustain their healthy disposition. It is medically said that the most healthy
age gap kids should have is with the minimum of 3 years. Lower than 3
years slowly degrades and exhaust a woman’s’ body that has a small
is seldom practiced.
health services and information, the low rates of contraceptive use and the
9
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
measures to protect the sexual and reproductive rights of women and girls,
inter alia, through measures to reduce maternal and infant mortality and
the low rates of contraceptive use (36 per cent of women relied on modern
Doronila (2010) has bearing on the present study because the cause
about reproductive health. Such attitudes make the high school students
awareness between 1999 and 2003 was observed but this was not related
family. A lower use was observed if living in rural area or father's education
Reproductive Health Care Bill (RH bill) recommends that the government
and boys, with special attention to the prevention of early pregnancies and
Gupta (2012) states that Reproductive Health Law will raise the level
(Zhou, Ye, GU, Zeng, and Wang 2012) Many Filipino women have
Human Rights Watch 2012. Studies reported that most college students
half of the students don’t have any idea about the right time for abortions
while one sixth had the knowledge. One third had incorrect knowledge;
Carson (2016) indicates that the RH bill seeks to provide funding for
and new born care, the hiring of skilled personnel, and the inclusion of
Padilla (2012) notes that the poor women, adolescent women, rural
and indigenous women are the ones most affected by the lack of a
reproductive health care policy. They are the ones who have the most
the health of the woman and the children. Birth spacing of four or more
years can increase the survival rate of children less than five years of age.
The under-five mortality rate11 for children born less than two years after
deaths per 1,000 for children born after an interval of four or more years.
1.1 age
1.2 gender
1.3 occupation
a. family planning
HIV/AIDS,
complications
Hypothesis
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Disease, and other areas. The main purpose of this study is to facilitate a
and to take their action to better meet their own reproductive health needs
to take action and how he or she translates that decision into action.
2014)
social and health outcomes for mothers, children and society as a whole.
15
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
These include the higher likelihood of unsafe abortion, late initiation and
underutilization of prenatal care and low birth weight. To deal with the
perceived behavioral control (PBC). That is, both internal and external
positive attitude toward using OCs and believes that the consequences of
use are important to her, perceives social pressure to use OCs and feels
control over OCs use, she will be more likely to intend to use OCs and then
Research paradigm
16
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
- Adolescent
Reproductive Health
- Prevention of
Abortion
Reproductive
Health - Fertility Awareness
- Implementation
Knowledge
Children. Children in the families will benefit in this study because the
findings. This study will also serve as their cross reference that will give
nurses.
Definition of terms
The following terms are defined for better understanding among readers of
the study.
such as the coil, which prevent the fertilized ovum from implanting in the
interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause
economic theory.
CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter shows and explains the research method will be used,
Research Design
this type of research is to describe the data and characteristics about what
Setting
Nueva Ecija where increased population has been recorded for the past 5
years. The researchers will seek the assistance from the local government
of Sta. Rosa to release the data needed for proper selection of the locale.
2019.
Research Locale
Mayor and local officials, including the appointed ones, held office at the
Under the Local Government Code of 1991 or Republic Act No. 7160,
the Mayor acts as the Local Chief Executive and the different departments
supervision of the Mayor. The Vice Mayor, on the other hand, is the
city/municipal and barangay level. The LGUs were provided with Internal
funds aside from the locally-generated funds (real property tax, fees, and
city/municipal LGUs.
22
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
The respondents of the study were the one hundred forty 140
married couple in selected Barangay of Sta Rosa Nueva Ecija and the study
Sampling Procedure
of the respondents of the study. The pilot study of this research was
obtained through the use of slovins formula to obtain the total number of
means most of the times for knowledge about the Reproductive Health
Program.
The respondents of the study are the married couples from the
Rosa to obtain the total population of the barangay and will then use
Slovin’s formula with 5% level of margin error. The total number of the
Research Instrument
questionnaire.
24
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
their thesis adviser for review and for approval for the validity and
reliability of the test. The researcher took into consideration the data or
answered collecting the data. The researchers will then tally the results of
the researchers will use the statistical data when for computations of
Chapter III
through the textual and tabular forms to answer the questions posed in
chapter 1.:
Age f % Rank
18-30 88 63.01% 1
30-60 50 36.58% 2
60-above 2 0.41% 3
Total 140 100%
Sex
Male 70 50% 1.5
Female 70 50% 1.5
Total 140 100%
Occupation
Driver 12 8.57% 5
Housewife 39 27.85% 2
Construction worker 19 13.57% 4
Vendor 41 29.30% 1
Farmer 27 19.28% 3
Business Man/Woman 2 1.43% 6
Total 140 100%
Number of Children
(1-3) 95 67.85% 1
26
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
(4-7) 45 32.15% 2
Total 140 100%
Monthly Income
P 15,000- above 5 1.35 5
P 10, 001- P 15, 000 68 49.32 1
P 6, 001- P 10,000 32 23.33 2
P 5,001- 6,000 23 16.43 3
P 3,000- P 5,000 12 9.57 4
Total 140 100%
Age
Majority of the respondents belongs to the age group ranges from
18-30 years old with 88 respondents or 63.01 % ,while the age group of
30-60 years old got 50 respondents or 36.58% , the age group of 60 years
children
Gender
Occupation
27
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
Number of Children
or 67.85%, and the respondents that have 4-7 children got 45 respondents
or 32.15%
law.
Monthly Income
income with 49.32% , and the respondents that have P 6,001- P 10, 000 a
average income family, this reflects that majority of them are vendors,
day.
The following table presents the knowledge of the couples about the
and dysfunction.
FAMILY PLANNING WM VI
1. I wish to stop having children (gusto ko ng maiwasan
mag anak) 2.91 SA
2. I want clinics to provide advice on contraception(nais
kong ang mga klinika ang magbigay ng kaalaman 2.93 SA
tungkol sa contraceptive)
3. My husband and I jointly made decisions regarding
family planning(kami ng asawa ko ay nag desisyon 3.62 HA
tungkol sa pag paplano na mag karoon ng pamilya
4. My husband and I making decisions having
children(kami ng asawa ko ay nag desisyon tungkol sa 3.24 SA
pag kakaroon ng anak)
5. I understand that the clinics have contraceptive
program that we are freely to use when needed(alam ko 3.36 HA
na ang klinika sa amin ay nagkakaroon programa
patungkol sa contraceptive na libre ito kapag kailangan)
29
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
6.
I believe that the municipal government are offering 3.45 HA
contraceptive options to all married couple no matter
what their religious belief is (naniniwala ako na sa
aming munisipyo ay nag bibigay ng iba’t ibang uri ng
contraceptive sa lahat ng kasal kahit na ano pang
relihiyon)
7. I believe that the RHU are conducting seminars about
family planning (naniniwala ako na ang RHU ay nag 3.08 SA
nagbibigay ng seminar patungkol sa family planning)
8. I believe that the municipal government are offering free
services about delivery (naniniwala ako na ang aming 3.57 HA
munisipyo ay nag bibigay ng libreng serbisyo tungkol sa
panganganak)
9. I know that there are free medications in the clinic
regarding pregnancy problems(alam ko na mayroong 3.46 HA
libreng gamot sa klinika para sa problema sa pag
bubuntis)
10. My husband and I jointly agree on what to type of
contraceptive to use (kami ng asawa ko ay parehong nag 3.49 HA
desisyon tungkol sa pag gamit ng contraceptive)
OWM 3.31 HA
Legend:
3.25 – 4.00 Highly Aware
2.50 – 3.24 Slightly Aware
1.75 – 2.49 Aware
1.00 – 1.74 Not Aware
reproductive health program is given in the table with the highest mean
na mag karoon ng pamilya) with 3.62 and interpreted as highly aware and
the lowest mean assessment was on I wish to stop having children (Gusto
30
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
as slightly aware.
It implies that the couples in the three Barangay with highest HIV
the municipal government of Sta Rosa , they are disseminated with proper
information regarding their free choices on how many children they should
have , and they also know that the municipal government offer different
services for them like free delivery and medications they need in regards
policy, we are at the mercy of national and local government officials who
may choose to promote the natural family planning method (NFP) and deny
access to the full range of contraceptive methods. For many poor families,
a large family size results in further poverty and lack of access to education
and health services, among others. There are also studies showing that
the eldest or second eldest from poor, large families end up in prostitution
to meet their families’ needs and many women from large families also end
up being trafficked.
takes place before the conception of human life that is before a human
aborted by contraceptives .
decision-making often mean that Indian women give birth too early in life
and too frequently. The author also identified four reproductive rights
life cycle, for both men and women, (2) reproductive executive counting
number, timing and spacing of one's children and the right to have access
make free and informed choice in all sphere of life, free from bias based on
was on “I am aware that there are several agencies to seek when your are
interprted as highly aware while the lowest mean assessment was on RHU
can seek help from the clinic of the municipality and there are agencies
that link together to assist any person infected with HIV , through this the
municipal government are exerting all effort to let them educated in the
practice of safe sex and in abstinence. Padilla (2012) notes that the poor
women, adolescent women, rural and indigenous women are the ones
most affected by the lack of a reproductive health care policy. They are the
professionals.
the health of the woman and the children. Birth spacing of four or more
years can increase the survival rate of children less than five years of age.
The under-five mortality rate11 for children born less than two years after
deaths per 1,000 for children born after an interval of four or more years.
Legend:
3.25 – 4.00 Highly Aware
2.50 – 3.24 Slightly Aware
1.75 – 2.49 Aware
36
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
interpreted as highly aware and the lowest mean assessment was on I have
slightly aware.
early realationship and they have teach their children about the possible
effects of early pregnancy and teach about the stages that are happening
unaware about reproductive health. Such attitudes make the high school
awareness between 1999 and 2003 was observed but this was not related
family. A lower use was observed if living in rural area or father's education
3.24 SA
Legend:
3.25 – 4.00 Highly Aware
2.50 – 3.24 Slightly Aware
1.75 – 2.49 Aware
1.00 – 1.74 Not Aware
and its complications , the couple gave their the highest mean assessment
aware while the lowest mean assessment was on I know about benefits
Findings revealed that the couples are aware that their municipal
government are doing all their effort to designate information about the
effect of abortion and its complications and the does and don’ts on what
avoid abortion
(Zhou, Ye, Gu, Zeng, and Wang 2012) Many Filipino women have
Human Rights Watch 2012. Studies reported that most college students
half of the students don’t have any idea about the right time for abortions
while one sixth had the knowledge. One third had incorrect knowledge;
for policy measures because various laws that tackle reproductive health
and new born care, the hiring of skilled personnel, and the inclusion of
Knowledge
Correlation
Spearman's rho Age Coefficient -0.018
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.810
N 140
Correlation
occupation Coefficient -0.146
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.06
N 140
Number of Correlation
children Coefficient 0.061
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.423
N 140
Monthly Correlation
Income Coefficient 0.059
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.421
N 140
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-
tailed).
CHAPTER IV
Summary
in data gathering.
43
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
Findings
Age
Majority of the respondents are 18-30 years with total of 88
Gender
Occupation
businessman.
Number of Children
Monthly income
1. 1 Family Planning
reproductive health program is given in the table with the highest mean
pamilya) with 3.62 and interpreted as at all times and the lowest mean
hindi na masundan pa ang mga anak ko) with 2.91 in weighted mean and
was on “I am aware that there are several agencies to seek when you are
and interprted as at all times while the lowest mean assessment was on
RHU educated us about the problems and risk of unsafe sex practice( ang
health with the highest mean assessment was on I have knowledge about
at all times and the lowest mean assessment was on I have knowledge
ang tao ) with 2.70 in weighted emana nd interpreted as most of the times.
and its complications , the couple gave their , the highest mean
know about benefits and risk of using contraceptives( Alam ko ang sama
of the times.
Conclusions
1. It shows that couples are matured enough, with jobs and with 3-4
2. It implies that the couples in the three Barangay with highest HIV cases
information regarding their free choices on how many children they should
have , and they also know that the municipal government offer different
services for them like free delivery and medications they need in regards
Recommendations
2. That RHU in the municipality of Sta. Rosa should double their effort
the reproductive health of the residents since the study found out
the government
48
WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY – PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
other location
References
Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VE, Chaput JP, Saunders
TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Gorber C, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee
H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behavior and health
indicators in school-aged children and youth: An update. Applied
Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2016;41(6 Suppl. 3):S240–
S265. [PubMed]
(CESCR Committee,2008)
https://www.refworld.org/publisher,CESCR,,PHL,,,0.html
https://www.pcp.org.ph/.../The_Philippine_Health_Agenda_2016 to
2022)
Ledesma A, (2018) Reviewing the Standard Days Method: Eight
Perspectives https://www.lst.edu/community/article-
archives/383-reviewing-the-standard-days-method-archbishop-a-
ledesma-sj
Padilla, C.R. (2012, August 16). Reasons Why We Need the RH Law.
Retrieved from http://news.abs-
cbn.com/insights/08/16/10/reasons-why-we-need-rh-law.
Zhou, Ye, Gu, Zeng, and Wang 2012 Contraceptive knowledge, attitudes
and behavior about sexuality among college students in Beijing,
China. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613546