TOPIC 9.

0 : TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
( PENGURUSAN TRAFIK)

What is an Accident

Definition : road accidents is an accident between vehicles and other vehicles, pedestrians, animals, or moving
obstacles such as trees, street barricades or signboards near the roads

List the factors causing accident:

a. Human

b. road condition

c. vehicle

d. weather

List the factors causing accident:

a. human

More than 80% of traffic accidents are caused by human error according to statistics by the Malaysian Institute of
Road Safety Research (Miros)

Distracted Driver - a driver will lose focus on the road when talking on a cell phone, send text messages or eating
while driving.

Reckless Driver - reckless drivers often does not have a high level of patience. for example, a driver will increase
the speed exceeds a predetermined speed limit, changing the path of the vehicle too fast or driving too close to
other vehicles.

b. road condition

Potholes - potholes not only cause car accident but fatal to motorcycles accident because of it just have two
wheels and lower weight than car. Thus, motorcyclists have higher level or risk while ride over a potholes rather
than driving a cars.

Dangerous curve - accidents often occur at dangerous curve due to speeding and careless make by drivers. They
will lose control of the car and will bump to the roadside barrier or tree. For example, a drunk driver is also at the
risk when at the deadly curve.

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 c. vehicle

Tire blowouts - tire blowouts will happen at any time. It will cause by potholes or overloading the car causes the
tire to give away. Drivers will lose control of the cars and it too dangerous for bigger automobiles such as semi-
trucks.

d. weather

Rain - Rain is one of the causes of the accident because it caused the road to be slick due to the oil rise to the
surface of the road. Normally driver will drive at full speed in heavy rain, and then they will lose control in
slippery road and lead to an accident because of high speed.

Fog - Fog will limit our ability to see other car or object on the road. For example, driving in the fog will cause an
accident because driver cannot see the other car clearly. Other than that, it also affected to the pilot when they
want to land the plane

List the functions / purpose of traffic management

Traffic management is a process to improve traffic operations without major construction

Traffic management objectives:

1. Traffic efficiency – Improve Road capacity

2. Improved environment amenity - Reduced nois

3. Enhanced access - Better access for particular group of road user (Pedestrians, Bicyclists )

4. Road safety

Describe traffic management techniques:

a. physical management of road system

- laluan sehala

- pagar keselamatan

- lampu isyarat

b. instruct form and traffic regulation management

- had laju

- tidak boleh pusing kanan atau kiri

- tidak boleh u-turn

- lorong bus / motorsikal

c. management of information to road user

- papan tanda matlumat

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d. management of payment for traffic facilities.

- parking

Car Parking

An important task for traffic management is how and where to store the vehicles .

Planning for parking involves consideration of three factors :

The need to maximize access to traffic generating facilities

The need to minimize interruption to moving traffic

The need to minimize traffic accidents

Explain the method of preparing inventory, car park area and types of car park area .

Inventory of existing parking facilities :

-Type and number of parking spaces

-Times of operation and limit on duration of parking

-Type of ownership

-Parking fees

-Restrictions on use

Parking surveys

In-out survey

In this survey, the occupancy count in the selected parking lot is taken at the beginning. Then the number of
vehicles that enter the parking lot for a particular time interval is counted. The number of vehicles that leave the
parking lot is also taken. The final occupancy in the parking lot is also taken. Here the labor required is very less.
Only one person may be enough.

License plate method of survey

This results in the most accurate and realistic data. In this case of survey, every parking stall is monitored at a
continuous interval of 15 minutes or so and the license plate number is noted down

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Collection of parking data

 Accumulation – checked about every 2-hr basis

 Parking Turnover , T = The rate of use of a parking space.

T = (No. of different vehicles parked)/(No. of parking spaces

Identify the method of car park area usage

Parking system :

On street parking

Parallel parking

30 parking

45 parking

60 parking

Right angle parking

Off street parking

Relate the road accidents as daily disasters

The death of 65,850 people in road accidents between 2004 and 2013 had resulted in as much as RM78 billion
being lost in economic contributions with an average of RM1.2 million each.