Emergence of Hundred Years War

Nation-States Church Scholars

I. England  France v. England  Clergy very often the only
a. William the Conqueror (1) wins Battle of  Peasants with longbows New Invasions literate members of society
Hastings, 1066; (2) unites England replace knights  Translated Greek & Arabic
works into Latin
b. Henry II establishes Common Law  Joan of Arc turns war in  Mongols
 Made new knowledge
c. King John signs Magna Carta France’s favor o Russia – Khanate of available in W. Europe
d. Henry VII unifies after War of Roses  Both countries the Golden Horde  Laid foundation for the rise
e. Evolution of Parliament (legislature) experience a new sense  Ottoman Turks of Universities
II. France of Nationalism o End Byzantine
a. Hugh Capet establishes French throne in Paris Empire (1453)
b. Philip II & Philip IV establish strong central o Create Ottoman
government Empire
c. Charles VII establishes military & taxes
d. Joan of Arc becomes unifying factor Late Medieval
III. Spain Period Gothic Cathedral
a. Ferdinand & Isabella unite country
b. Reconquista
i. Inquisition used to expel Jews & Muslims Crusades
IV. Germany  Key Events
a. German Princes remain stronger than king –
fails to unify as early as other nations
Black Death o
o
st
Pope Urban calls for 1 Crusade
Jerusalem is captured in 1
st

V. Russia o Crusader States established

 Bubonic Plague o Jerusalem is lost to Saladin
a. Ivan the Great (1) throws off “Mongol Yoke”;
 Spread along Trade Routes o Constantinople sacked by Western
(2) Centralizes power in Moscow Crusaders
 Impact
b. Power centralized in hands of Tsar (Czar)  Effects
o Decline of Population
c. Eastern Orthodox Church influences o Weakened Pope & Nobles
o Scarcity of Labor o Strengthened Kings
unification.
o Towns freed from feudal obligation o Stimulated Trade
o Decline of Church influence o Left legacy of bitterness between
o Disruption of Trade monotheistic faiths
o Weakened Byzantine Empire