School of Mechanical Engineering

CAT- I, Fall Semester 2018-19

B.Tech
Course Name : Thermal Engineering Systems Duration : 90 min.
Course Code : MEE2003 Max. Marks : 50
Faculty Name : Dr. Nantha Gopal K, Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Sahoo, Dr. Saboor S, Dr. Bibin
John, Dr. Immanuel Selwyn Raj A, Dr. Vinod Kumar Sharma
Slot : C1
Answer all Questions
Part - A (7x 2 = 14 Marks)

1. How to control knocking in CI engine? Ans: Low self ignition temperature of fuel,
High cylinder wall temperature, High inlet temperature and pressure, High
compression ratio.
2. List out anti-knocking additives used for petrol? Ans: Tetraethyl lead, Toluene,
xylene, methanol, ethanol, alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl ether.
3. Briefly explain lubrication system of 2-Stroke engine? Ans: Mixed lubrication system:
the lubricating oil of 2-3% is directly admitted into engine cylinder along with fuel
from crankcase. Fuel-oil ratio is 50:1.
4. What are the technical aspects to phase out two-stroke vehicles by RTO in major
cities of India? Ans: 1.) Pollution from combustion of oil along with fuel 2.) leak out
of fresh air-fuel mixture with exhaust gases (Hydrocarbon leakage)
5. What are the requirements of a good ignition system? Ans: 1.) it has to transform the
normal battery voltage (6-12V) to 20,000-25,000 V. 2.) Ignition system has to provide
spark in each cylinder at appropriate time 3.) Distributor of ignition system has to
direct high voltage to proper spark plug
6. What is the purpose of ballast resistor in battery ignition system? Ans: Under
prolonged conditions of engine operation, the temperature of ignition coil increases
which can be dangerous. To prevent this ballast resistor made up of iron wire provided
in series with primary winding. Iron has the property of increasing electrical resistance
with increasing temperature. Hence ballast resistor keeps the current down to safe
value.
7. How do you prevent freezing of water in water cooling system of IC engine in cold
regions? Ans: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol and glycerine.

Part - B (36 Marks)

1. The following observations were recorded during a trial of a four stroke single
cylinder oil engine. Duration of the trial is 30 min, oil consumption is 4 litres,
calorific value of the oil is 43,000 kJ/kg, specific gravity of the fuel = 0.8, average
 area of indicator diagram and length are 8.5 cm2 and 8.5 cm, respectively. The spring
constant = 5.5 bar/cm, Brake load = 1500N, spring balance reading = 200N, effective
brake wheel diameter = 1.5 m, speed= 200 rpm, cylinder diameter = 300 mm, stroke =
450 mm. Calculate i) Indicated power 29.158 kW (2M) ii) Brake power 20.42 kW
(2M) iii) Mechanical efficiency 70.03% (2M) iv) Brake specific fuel consumption
0.3134 kg/kWh (2M) v) Indicated thermal efficiency 38.14% (2M) vi) Brake thermal
efficiency 26.71% (2M)

2. The following observations were made during a trial of a single cylinder, four stroke
gas engine having cylinder diameter of 18 cm and stroke 24 cm.

Duration of trial = 30 min

Total number of revolution = 9000
Total number of explosion = 4450
Mean effective pressure = 5 bar
Net load on the brake wheel = 40 kg
Effective diameter of brake wheel = 1 m
Total gas used at NTP = 2.4 m3
Calorific value of gas at NTP = 19 MJ/m3
Total air used = 36 m3
Pressure of air = 720 mm Hg
Temperature of air = 17°C
Density of air at NTP = 1.29 kg/m3
Temperature of exhaust gas = 350°C
Room temperature = 17°C
Specific heat of exhaust gases = 1 kJ/kg K
Cooling water circulated = 80 kg
Rise in temperature of cooling water = 30°C
Draw up a heat balance sheet in percentage. Take R = 287 J/kg K. (12M)

Heat Input kJ Heat (kJ) (%)

Expenditure
(per min)
Heat supplied by 1520 (2M) 1.Heat 369.6 24.31% (2M)
fuel equivalent to bp

2. heat lost to 334.4 22% (2M)

cooling medium

3. heat lost in 493.5 32.46% (2M)

exhaust

4. unaccounted 322.5 21.21% (2M)

losses

TOTAL 1520 100% (2M)

3. A Morse test on a 12 cylinder, two stroke compression ignition engine of bore 40 cm and
stroke 50 cm running at 200 rpm gave the following readings

CONDITION BRAKE LOAD (N) CONDITION BRAKE LOAD (N)

All firing 2040 7th cylinder 1835
1st cylinder 1830 8th cylinder 1860
2nd cylinder 1850 9th cylinder 1820
3rd cylinder 1850 10th cylinder 1840
4th cylinder 1830 11th cylinder 1850
5th cylinder 1840 12th cylinder 1830
6th cylinder 1855 All firing 2060

The output is found from the dynamometer using the following relation

𝑾𝑵
𝒃𝒑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 in kW
Where, W: brake load in Newton, N: speed in rpm.

Calculate:
1.) Total indicated power 2789.2 kW (4M)
2.) Mechanical efficiency 81.66% (4M)
3.) Brake mean effective pressure 9.06 bar (4M) (12M)