Design of HE-1

Hot stream (234⁰C)

Methanol (58⁰C, 1
bar)

Methanol (25 ⁰C, 1 bar)

T =?

Properties of both streams

Property Methanol Hot Stream

Cp (KJ/Kg ⁰C) 2.47 1.996

ᵨ (Kg/m3) 486.14 0.6

K (W/mK) 0.285 0.0108
µ (mN /m2s) 0.8 0.282
Mass flow rate (Kg/hr) 143.6 189.36

The following data is available

Inner tube:

i.d. = 50 mm, o.d. = 55 mm

Wall thickness = 5 mm

Thermal Conductivity of the tube wall = 74.5 W/mK

Outer tube:
 i.d. = 75 mm, o.d. = 55.5

Using energy balance to calculate the out temperature of the hot stream,

143.6*2.47*(380-60) = 189.36*1.996*(450-T2)

T2 = 150 ⁰C

(450−380)−(150−60)
LMTD = 450−380
log( )
150−60

LMTD = 79.58⁰C

Methanol tube side:

mmethanol= 143.6/3600 = 0.0316 Kg/s

Tube-Side Calculations:
𝜋
Flow area = 4 ∗ 0.052 = 1.96*10-4 m2

0.0526
Velocity (ut) = = 44.72 m/s
0.6∗1.96∗10−4

0.05∗44.72∗0.6
Reynolds number, Re = =4757.4
0.34∗10−3

Cp∗µ 1.99∗1000∗2.82∗10−4
Prandlt number, Pr = K
= 0.0108
= 51.96

Now laminar flow therefore using D.B. equation,

hi∗di
Nu = K
= 0.023 * Re0.8* Pr0.3

0.0108∗4757.40.8 ∗4.57.9640.3
hi = 0.055
= 561.9 W/m2⁰C

Outside Calculations:
𝜋
Flow area = 4 ∗ (0.0752 − 0.0552 ) = 2.04*10-3 m2

Wetted perimeter = 𝜋 ∗ (di + do) = 3.142 * (0.075+0.0554) = 0.2086 m

Hydraulic diameter = dH = 4*A/P = 0.019 m

143.6
Product flow rate = 3600∗486.14 = 8.2*10-5 m3/s

Velocity (vshell) = 0.041 m/s

0.019∗0.041∗486.14
Reynolds number, Re = 0.8∗10−3
= 473.4
 Cp∗µ 2.47∗1000∗0.8∗10−3
Prandlt number, Pr = K
= 0.285
= 6.93

Calculate ho take Pr0.4 for cooling

ho∗do
Nu = K
= 0.023 * Re0.8 * Pr0.4

0.285∗0473.40.8 ∗6.930.4
ho = 0.019
= 4493.51W/m2⁰C

Calculating overall H.T.C (outside area basis)

K = 74.2W/mK

𝐷𝑜 −1
𝐷𝑜 log ( ) 1 𝑅 ∗ 𝐷
𝐷𝑖 𝐷 𝑜
𝑈𝐷 = ( + 𝐷𝑜 ∗ + + 𝑖 + 𝑅𝐷𝑜 )
ℎ𝑖 ∗ 𝐷𝑖 2∗𝐾 ℎ𝑜 𝐷𝑖

UD = 375.35 W/m2K

Required surface area, given by,

𝑞 = 𝑈𝐷 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚
31.52∗1000
A=
375.4∗79.58

A = 1.055 m2

Tube length, I = 1.055/( 𝜋 ∗ 0.055) = 6.1 m

The actual length of hairpin ≈ 3.5 m

Tube length = 7 m

Hence, one hairpin is required.

Calculation of pressure drop (tube side)

𝑓 ∗ 𝐺𝑡2 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ 𝑛
∆𝑃𝑡 =
2 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝜌𝑡 ∗ 𝑑𝑖 ∗ ∅𝑡

f = 0.3673*Re-0.2314 = 0.0517

0.0517 ∗ 0.05262 ∗ 7
∆𝑃𝑡 =
(1.96 ∗ 10−3 )2 ∗ 2 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 0.6 ∗ 0.05
∆𝑃𝑡 = 442.82 Kg/m2

Shell-Side pressure drop

fs=0.3678 ∗ (473.4)−0.2314 = 0.088

𝑓𝑠 ∗ 𝐺𝑠2 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ 𝑛
∆𝑃𝑠 =
2 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝜌𝑠 ∗ 𝐷𝐻 ∗ ∅

143.6 2
0.088 ∗ ( 3600 ) ∗ 7
∆𝑃𝑠 =
2 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 486.14 ∗ 0.019 ∗ (2.04 ∗ 10−3 )2

∆𝑃𝑠 = 1.33 Kg/m2