Q. Identify the actual data (time series data) having 15 observations.

Perform the following operations:-

(i) Find the trend values
(ii) Detrend the given series
(iii) Show the data graphically

Census Year Population (in millions) Decoding of years X square XY

Y X
1872 207.5 -7 49 -1452.5
1881 220.6 -6 36 -1323.6
1891 228.2 -5 25 -1141
1901 238.4 -4 16 -953.6
1911 252.1 -3 9 -756.3
1921 251.3 -2 4 -502.6
1931 279 -1 1 -279
1941 318.7 0 0 0
1951 361.1 1 1 361.1
1961 439.2 2 4 878.4
1971 548.2 3 9 1644.6
1981 683.3 4 16 2733.2
1991 846.4 5 25 4232
2001 1028.7 6 36 6172.2
2011 1210.2 7 49 8471.4
Total = 7112.9 Total=280 Total=18084.37

Y (Actual data) ŷ (Trend values) Y/ŷ (Detrend values)

1872 207.5 22.07 940.19
1881 220.6 86.66 254.56
1891 228.2 151.25 150.88
1901 238.4 215.84 110.45
1911 252.1 280.43 89.9
1921 251.3 345.02 72.84
1931 279 409.61 68.11
1941 318.7 474.2 67.21
1951 361.1 538.79 67.02
1961 439.2 603.38 72.79
1971 548.2 667.7 82.07
1981 683.3 732.56 93.28
1991 846.4 797.15 106.18
2001 1028.7 961.74 119.37
2011 1210.2 926.33 130.64
lowing operations:- dha : 21,22,23,24

Estimated values Detrend values (%)

ŷ (trend values) Y/ŷ
22.07 940.19
86.66 254.56
151.25 150.88
215.84 110.45
280.43 89.9 a= 7112.9/15
345.02 72.84 474.2
409.61 68.11
474.2 67.21 b= 18084.37/280
538.79 67.02 64.59
603.38 72.79
667.7 82.07
732.56 93.28 Regression equation
797.15 106.18 ŷ=474.2+64.59x
961.74 119.37
926.33 130.64

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

2500

2000

1500

Y/ŷ (Detrend values)

ŷ (Trend values)
1000 Y (Actual data)

500

0
7 2 881 8 91 901 911 92 1 931 9 41 95 1 961 9 71 9 81 991 0 01 0 11
18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
0
7 2 881 8 91 901 911 92 1 931 9 41 95 1 961 9 71 9 81 991 0 01 0 11
18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2