Universidad Surcolombia

Mínimos cuadrados y Splines

Presentado al docente:
Yamil Armando Cerquera Rojas

Presentado por:
Rafael A. Beltrán Cabrera
Cód.: 2009288517

Facultad de Ingeniería

Métodos Numéricos
Neiva-Huila
2019
I. tabla incremento salarial últimos 15 años.

Año Variación % Salario mínimo

anual mensual
1999 16,01 236460
2000 10 260100
2001 9,96 286000
2002 8,04 309000
2003 7,44 332000
2004 7,83 358000
2005 6,56 381500
2006 6,95 408000
2007 6,3 433700
2008 6,41 461500
2009 7,68 496900
2010 3,64 515000
2011 4 535600
2012 5,81 566700
2013 4,02 589500

II. grafico porcentual aumento salario mínimo últimos 15 años.

incremento porcentual del salario minimo en

colombia durante los ultimos 15 años.
18
16
14
12
Axis Title

10
8 Variación % anual
6
4
2
0
 III. desarrollo

A. sacar la tabla.
Xº 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Yº 16,01 10 9,96 8,04 7,44 7,83 6,56 6,95 6,3 6,41 7,68 3,64 4 5,81 4,02

B. desarrollo de variables.

N=15

∑y=110,60

∑x=120

∑x^2=1240

∑yx=726,35

Y^=a+bx^2

C. remplazamos la variable en la matriz

N ∑x a ∑y
=
∑x ∑x^2 b ∑yx

D. remplazamos en la matriz

15 120 a 110,60
=
120 1240 b 726,35

E. sacamos las ecuaciones

15a + 120b = 110,60

120a +1240b = 726,35

 F. desarrollamos las ecuaciones y obtenemos

a=11,89

b=-0,5658

G. ahora utilizamos a y b para calcular y^

y^=a+bxº

 y1=11,89-0,5658*1 = 11,3242
 y2=11,89-0,5658*2 = 10,7584
 y3=11,89-0,5658*3 = 10,1926
 y4=11,89-0,5658*4 = 9,6268
 y5=11,89-0,5658*5 = 9,061
 y6=11,89-0,5658*6 = 8,4952
 y7=11,89-0,5658*7 = 7,9294
 y8=11,89-0,5658*8 = 7,3636
 y9=11,89-0,5658*9 = 6,7978
 y10=11,89-0,5658*10 = 6,232
 y11=11,89-0,5658*11 = 5,6662
 y12=11,89-0,5658*12 = 5,1004
 y13=11,89-0,5658*13 = 4,5346
 y14=11,89-0,5658*14 = 3,9688
 y15=11,89-0,5658*15 = 3,403

H. ahora miramos la gráfica con la línea de mínimos cuadrados

incremento porcentual del salario minimo

en colombia durante los ultimos 15 años.
20
15
Axis Title

10 Variación % anual
5 minimos cuadrados
0
1999

2012
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

2013

Xº 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Yº 16,01 10 9,96 8,04 7,44 7,83 6,56 6,95 6,3 6,41 7,68 3,64 4 5,81 4,02
Y^ 11,324 10,758 10,193 9,6268 9,061 8,4952 7,9294 7,3636 6,7978 6,232 5,6662 5,1004 4,5346 3,9688 3,403
 SPLINE CUBICO
x=1:15;
y=[16.01 10 9.96 8.04 7.44 7.83 6.56 6.95 6.3 6.41 7.68 3.64 4 5.81 4.02];
plot(x,y,'or');hold on
axis([0 17 0 18]); i=1;
while i<=14
a(2*i-1,4*i)=x(i).^3;
a(2*i-1,4*i-1)=x(i).^2;
a(2*i-1,4*i-2)=x(i).^1; a(2*i-1,4*i-3)=1;
i=i+1;
end
a=[1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1248000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000124800000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 1 3 9 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 16 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 25 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 25 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 36 216 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 36 216 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 49 343 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 49 343 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 64 512 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 64 512 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 81 729 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 81 729 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 100 1000 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 12
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 1 4 12 0 -1 -4 -12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 6 27 0 -1 -6 -27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 48 0 -1 -8 -48 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 75 0 -1 -10 -75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 108 0 -1 -12 -108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 147 0 -1 -14 -147 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 192 0 -1 -16 -192 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 18 243 0 -1 -18 -24
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 300 0 -1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 2 12 0 0 -2 -12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 2 18 0 0 -2 -18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 24 0 0 -2 -24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 30 0 0 -2 -30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 36 0 0 -2 -36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 42 0 0 -2 -42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 48 0 0 -2 -48 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 54 0 0 -2 -54 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 60 0 0 -2
0000000000000000000000000000000000000026
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0026000000000000000000000000000000000000
0026000000000000000000000000000000000000
]; b=[16.01;10;10;9.96;9.96;8.04;8.04;7.44;7.44;7.83;7.83;6.56;6.56;6.95;6.95;6.3;6.3
v=inv(a)*b i=1;
while i<=14 a=v(4*i-3);
b=v(4*i-2);
c=v(4*i-1);
d=v(4*i); xx=x(i):0.01:x(i+1);
fx=a+b*xx+c*xx.^2+d*xx.^3; plot(xx,fx);
i=i+1;
end

v=
1.0e+003 *
0.0220
-0.0025
-0.0053
0.0018
0.0584
-0.0570
0.0220
-0.0028
-0.0590
0.0603
-0.0171
0.0016
0.0557
-0.0257
0.0044
-0.0002
0.1440
-0.0787
0.0150
-0.0009
-0.3524
0.1695
-0.0264
0.0014
0.5109
-0.2004
0.0265
-0.0012
-0.3847
0.1354
-0.0155
0.0006
-0.3993
0.1403
-0.0161
0.0006
2.8301
-0.8286
0.0808
-0.0026
-5.1927
1.3595
-0.1181
0.0034
2.9309
-0.6714
0.0512
-0.0013
2.6739
-0.6121
0.0466
-0.0012
-3.1798
0.6422
-0.0430
0.0010
 SPLINE PARABOLA
x=1:15;
y=[16.01 10 9.96 8.04 7.44 7.83 6.56 6.95 6.3 6.41 7.68 3.64 4 5.81 4.02];
plot(x,y,'or');hold on
axis([0 17 0 18]); i=1;
while i<=14
a(2*i-1,4*i-1)=x(i).^2;
a(2*i-1,4*i-2)=x(i).^1; a(2*i-1,4*i-3)=1;
i=i+1;
end
a=[1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2400000000000000000000000000000000000000
0012400000000000000000000000000000000000
0013900000000000000000000000000000000000
0000013900000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 1 4 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 121 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 144 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 144 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 169 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 169
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 196
0000000000000000000000000000000000000011
0000000000000000000000000000000000000011
1 4 0 -1 -4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 6 0 -1 -6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 -1 -8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 -1 -10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 0 -1 -12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 0 -1 -14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 0 -1 -16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 18 0 -1 -18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 -1 -20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 22 0 -1 -22 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 24 0 -1 -24 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 26 0 -1 -26
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 28 0];
b=[16.01;10;10;9.96;9.96;8.04;8.04;7.44;7.44;7.83;7.83;6.56;6.56;6.95;6.95;6.3;6.3
v=inv(a)*b i=1;
while i<=13 a=v(4*i-3);
b=v(4*i-2);
c=v(4*i-1); xx=x(i):0.01:x(i+1);
fx=a+b*xx+c*xx.^2; plot(xx,fx);
i=i+1;
end
v=

1.0e+003
*
0.0270
-0.0110
0.1120
-0.0849
0.0170
-0.2106
0.1301
-0.0189
0.4140
-0.1822
0.0202
-0.5702
0.2115
-0.0192
0.7517
-0.2292
0.0175
-0.8849
0.2384
-0.0159
1.0799
-0.2528
0.0148
-1.2610
0.2674
-0.0141
1.6690
-0.3186
0.0152
-2.6592
0.4684
-0.0205
3.8900
-0.6231
0.0249
-4.2947
0.6360
-0.0235
4.2078
-0.5786
0.0199
 DATOS EVALUADOS CON DIFERENTES CURVAS
t = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15];
p = [16.01 10 9.96 8.04 7.44 7.83 6.56 6.95 6.3 6.41 7.68 3.64 4
5.81 4.02];
% t=linspace(-1,1,10);
% p=1./(1+25*t.^2);
x = 1:0.1:16;
%x = linspace(-1,1,100);
y = interp1 (t, p, x, 'spline') ; plot (t, p,'o',x, y); hold on
y = interp1 (t, p, x, 'linear') ; plot (x, y,'r')
y = interp1 (t, p, x, 'nearest') ; plot (x, y,'g')
y = interp1 (t, p, x, 'pchip') ; plot (x, y,'b')
y = interp1 (t, p, x, 'cubic') ; plot (x, y,'c')
y = interp1 (t, p, x, 'v5cubic') ; plot (x, y,'m')
hold off
%