ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

- free networks, G-inverses, S-transformation -

Fakultät Bau-, Geo-, Umwelt -Geodätisches Institut-

KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und

nationales Großforschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft www.kit.edu
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -
- 1/2/3-dimensional geodetic networks
- Observations: usually of geometrical nature
- distances,directions, angles, zenith distances, height differences…
- Parameters: coordinates 1D/2D resp. 3D
- funktional relationship between observations ↔ parameters:
GMM - adjustment by observation equations

⇒
- observations are of relative nature
- they fix only the relative situation, that means the inner geometry
- the position of the point field in plane/space is free

⇒
datum is free !

2 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -
visualising datum defects

(Example: Reines Richtungsnetz; Niemeier 2008)

datum fixing as a central component in network adjustment

l x
obserations
parameters
datum fixing

3 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -

4 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt
Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -

H1 H2 H3 H4
-1 +1
-1 +1
-1 +1
+1 -1
-1 +1

5 Analyse und Planung Geodätischer Netze

Dr.-Ing. M. Illner Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -

6 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -

7 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt
Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - Free Network -

8 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

9 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

10 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

11 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

12 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

13 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

14 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

15 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - G - Inverses -

16 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - inner solution -

17 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt
Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - inner solution -

18 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - inner solution -

19 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - inner solution -

20 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - trace minimization -

21 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - trace minimization -

22 Analyse und Planung Geodätischer Netze

Dr.-Ing. M. Illner Geodätisches Institut
 structure of the G-matrices for 1D- and 2D-networks
eigenvector components gi
of the i-th point
type of kind of free datum
dimen-
net- observations defect parameters translation rotation scale
sion
work about
X Y Z
height
height 1 translation
1-D net- d=1 1
differences (vertical shift)
work

distances and translations in

1 0
azimuths, d=2 Y- and X-
0 1
GNSS direction
distances or 2 translations,
1 0 xi
plane distances and d=3 rotation about
0 1 -yi
2-D net- directions Z-axis
work
directions, dis-
2 translations, 1 0 xi yi
tance ratios or
d=4 rotation about Z- 0 1 -yi xi
as for d=3 with
axis, scale
scale
23 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - nullspace G –

structure of G-matrices for 3D-networks

eigenvector components gi
type of of the i-th point
dimen- kind of free datum
net- defect translation rotation scale
sion observations parameters
work about
X Y Z
translations in 1 0 0
GNSS d=3 X-, Y- and Z- 0 1 0
direction 0 0 1
translations in
si and zi or 1 0 0 -yi
X-, Y- and Z-
si and ri and zi d=4 0 1 0 xi
direction, rotation
0 0 1 0
about Z
space ri and zi or 3 translations, 1 0 0 -yi xi
3-D
network as in the case d=4 d=5 1 rotation, 0 1 0 xi yi
with scale 1 scale 0 0 1 0 zi
distances or dis- 3 translations, 1 0 0 0 zi -yi
tances and d=6 rotations about 0 1 0 -zi 0 xi
directions X-, Y- and Z-axis 0 0 1 yi -xi 0
3 translations, 1 0 0 0 zi -yi xi
As in the case d=6
d=7 3 rotations, 0 1 0 -zi 0 xi yi
with scale
1 scale 0 0 1 yi -xi 0 zi

24 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - nullspace G -

3 translations

3 rotations

scale

25 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - S-transformation -

26 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - S-transformation -

27 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - S-transformation -

28 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - 1D-network -

29 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - 1D-network -

30 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - 1D-network-

31 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - elimination of
orientation unknowns -

l1
t1,3
3
l3 1 l2

32 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt
Geodätisches Institut
 Zero Order Design - elimination of
orientation unknowns -

33 ZOD - Zero Order Design of Geodetic Networks

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Günter Schmitt Geodätisches Institut