PROJECT REPORT ON Ramki Group

PROJECT REPORT ON
RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQURIMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
DIPLOMA
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
15012-C-002,003,004,006,009,011,012,032,041,043,402,403
Under the Guidance of
T.V.S. SURYA NARAYANA
(senior lecturer in Civil Engineering)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
S.M.V.M POLYTECHNIC
TANUKU
2015 -2018
S.M.V.M POLYTECHNIC
TANUKU
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that this project work entitled
PROJECT REPORT ON RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT
is the bonafied work of
15012-C-002,003,004,006,009,011,012,032,041,043,402,403
Students of final year D.C.E (2017-2018) along with batch in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Diploma
in Civil Engineering of the State Board of Technical Education and
Training, Andhra Pradesh during the study period 2015-2018.
S. ROHINI RAMYA T.V.S. SURYA NARAYANA

Project Guide Head of the Department
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are much thankful to our principal Sir Mr. Y.RAJENDRA

BABU who inspired and encouraged us to complete this project.
We express our gratitude and graceful thanks to

Sir.T.V.S. SURYA NARAYANA the Head of the department.
This advice and at most care of every stage of project.
We regard with pleasure our deep sense of gratitude to

our beloved project guide Miss. S. ROHINI RAMYA (lecturer
in civil engineering) for her most valuable guidance in every
step in successful preparation of this project work.
We wish to express our heartful thanks to our faculty of CIVIL

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
PROJECT REPORT ON
RESIDENTIAL LAYOUT
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF CIVIIL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBBMITTED BY THE PROJECT MEMBERS
STUDENT NAME PIN NUMBER

A.SAMUEL 15012-C-002
A.TARUN.S.S.K 15012-C-003
A.BHUVAN.S.D.PATHRUDU 15012-C-004
A.RAVITEJA 15012-C-006
B.VISWANATH SAI ANIL 15012-C-009
B.RAMAKRISHNA 15012-C-011
B.JNANA SAGAR 15012-C-012
K.SAI MANIKANTA 15012-C-032
P.SHYAM KUMAR 15012-C-041
K.SAI MANIKANTA 15012-C-032
P.YOGENDRA.V.R.SAI 15012-C-043
A.RAVITEJA 15012-C-402
K.PAVAN 15012-C-403
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SURVEY REPORT
3. DESIGN AND DETAILING
TWO WAY CONTINUOUS SLABS
BEAMS
COLUMNS
PLINTH BEAMS
LINTEL CUM SUN SHADE
FOOTING
STAIR CASE
4. DETAILED ESTIMATE
5. LEAD STATEMENT
6. DATA SHEET
7. ABSTRACT ESTIMATE
8. REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
Site Location:
The proposed site is located in TANUKU.which is a rural town
surrounded by rich cultivated lands and having number of recognized educational institutions
and health care centres .
The proposed site is located in PATURU which besides to the

IRRAGAVARAM ROAD . The site is nearer to hospitals ,bus stop ,commercial offices ,and other
public amenities. The site has 6 m wide road on south ,west and north side.
Survey:
Chain survey is done for determining the particulars of the site in which
chain, tape, cross staff and ranging rods are used for obtaining the linear measurements of the
site and compass is used for measuring the angle with reference to north. The total area of the
site is 54592.1 m2.
The site is suitable for constructing a group housing.
Hence as per the requirements of the site owner the planning was done to construct
buildings LIG,MIG,HIG on east and west side.
As per the planning requirements of the building the plinth area is
LIG (64) = 69m2
MIG (73) = 121.5m2
HIG 1 (11) = 130.5 m2
HIG 2 (12) = 146.87 m2
Total cost of project:

PLANNING:
For buildings we are providing following features:
 Master bedroom
 Children Bed room
 Hall
 Kitchen
 Dining
 Store room
 Prayer room
 Common toilet
MATERIALS:
 M20grade of concrete and HYSD bars (Fe 415 grade of steel ) for all RCC works
 Traditional bricks are used for construction which are available in Velpur
 Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade is used which is available from local dealers
 20mm and 40mm HBG aggregates are used which are available from Pangidi quarry
 Seasonal wood is used for doors and windows and teak wood for main doors
 Good quality plumbing and electrical fixtures are used in all rooms
Doors and windows are so located that there is free and better flow of
air through the building and there is sufficient natural lighting .
PVC pipe conduits are used for electrical fittings ,normal water supply
and drainage arrangements and GI pipes for hot water supply.
SURVEYING OF THE PLOT

The surveying done to determine the particulars of the plot is “chain surveying.”
INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED:
 CHAIN
 RANGING RODS
 TAPE
 CROSS STAFF
 ARROWS
 OFFSET ROD
With the rapid increase in population and the availability of modern

amenities in cities, people in rural areas have been moving to urban areas.
Large number of people have been migrating to towns and cities due to
different problems and other reasons and this made increase in population in
towns and cities. Such migration has created an approach for new HOUSING
PROJECT SCHEME. Suitable land migration should be aligned into plots in a proper
manner to make hygienic, safe and convenient environmental conditions to all by
providing street lanes, parks, playgrounds, open spaces, recreation centres
markets, schools and all other facilities required.
The housing colony must be placed by the way on rear side of main roads
and at the outskirts of urban areas by providing an easy means of communication.
FEASIBILITY REPORT
LOW COST HOUSING is a new concept which deals with effective budgeting
and following of techniques which help in reducing the construction through the
use locally available materials along with improved skills and technology without
sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure. There is huge
misconception that low cost housing is suitable for only sub standard works and
they are constructed by utilizing cheap building materials of low quality. The fact
is that low cost housing is done by proper management of resources. Economy is
also achieved by postponing finishing works or implementing them in phase.
In INDIA, majority of population come under low and medium income group, so it
is necessary to provide cost of construction in reasonable price. Rapidly growing
population effects the economic growth of country. Therefore we have to search
for alternative techniques to reduce the cost of the construction by proper
utilisation of materials, manpower and machinery.
DETAILED INVESTIGATION
LAYOUT PLAN :
A structural layout of the whole area is projected to a small screen with all
proposed number of plots showing their sizes, location, orientation etc.,
DRAWINGS OF ALL WORKS:
Plans, elevations, sections, reinforcements details, general specifications and
detailed specifications are drawn and given to prepare detailed estimate and
abstract estimates of selected buildings of different types for comparison study
of costs.
PLANNING OF HOUSING PROJECT:
The housing colonies must be planned in a economic way to achieve the low cost
for various types of buildings that is LIG,MIG,HIG. The planning should be clear
and roads must be placed without dead ends and give sufficient space amenities,
reactions, shopping complex etc., the water treatment and supply arrangements
are provided by means of intermittent systems by providing over head tanks and
pumps and other units required. The sanitary arrangements achieved by
providing drains for sullage and individual septic tank seawage. Electricity is
taken from tanuku municipality and electric poles provided along the sides of
roads which are 5m width.
The planning of buildings with respective geography, directions,
wind, altitude, azimuth is known as orientation. The inflow of fresh air into the
building is known as ventilation. Sufficient number of windows, ventilators are
to provided to have cross ventilation the area of windows should not be less than
¼ the floor area windows are placed at a height of 50.75 above floor level.
As the soil at the selected sit is black cotton soil, under reamed pile
foundations are preferable.
ABOUT ESTIMATION
DETAILED ESTIMATE:-
A detailed estimate of the cost of the project is prepared by
determining the quantities and the cost of every thing that a contractor is
required to provide and do for the satisfactory completion of the work. it
the best and most reliable from of estimate.
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE:
Total steel required for the construction is calculated as per
specifications and tabulated in a statement which shows that total
description of steel such as size, shape & length of the bar it is most
helpful to the bar bender while preparing reinforcement.
LEAD STATEMENT:
The distance between the source of availability of materials
and construction site is known as lead and is calculated in Km and
calculation of rate of conveyance of materials to the site from source is
tabulated as a statement is known as lead statement.
DATA SHEET:
Data sheet is a document that summarizes the performance
and other technical characteristics of a product, machines, component,
material, a sub system in sufficient in detailed to be used by a design
engineer to integrate the component in to a system. A data sheet is
usually used for technical communication to describe technical
characteristics of an item or product.
ABSTRACT ESTIMATE:
This is the third and final stage in a detailed estimate. The
quantities and rates of each item of work arrived in the first two stages,
are entered in abstract form. The total cost of each item of work is now
calculated by multiplying the quantities and respective rates.
ABOUT DESIGN AND DETAILING
The design and detailing of reinforced concrete frames is a
complex process that requires intensive real time information exchange
between various design tasks.
The monolithic behaviour of concrete, differences in the geometric

representation of structural members during the analysis and design
stages, design codes requirements throughout the process and new
dimensions to the problem.
Additionally, especially in large projects, reinforced concrete

structures are designed and detailed by several engineers simultaneously.
These complexities can be resolved and the overall quality of the

design can be improved by identifying information requirements for
managing the design information between design detailing tasks and thus
between structural engineers.
In this paper requirements for managing information for multi user

design and detailing of reinforced concrete frames are identified and a
proto type information model has been implemented by based on existing
literature.
The means of performing design computations on a standard basis

and requirements of a multi user design have also been integrated into
the abstraction of objects in the library. Definition of high level classes
that integrate multiple structural components, parametric relationship
between components and separating shear and flexural design tasks were
determine has the main requirement for such a model. Maximum
reference taken from (IS 456-2000).
DESIGN OF A SLAB
Clear shorter span Lx = 3500 mm
Clear longer span Ly = 5540 mm
Longer span 5540
LONGER SPAN BY SHORTER SPAN RATIO = = 1.58 < 2
shorter span 3500
Hence it is a two way slab
By Stiffness consideration :-
𝑙
= 37
𝑑
3500
Effective Depth (d) = = 94.59 𝑚𝑚
37
Assume An Effective Cover = 25 mm

Total Depth (D) = 94.59 + 25 = 119.59 mm ≅ 120.00 mm
Revised Effective Depth = Total Depth - Effective Cover
= 120 - 25 = 95 mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN :-
For Longer Span
1. Ly = Longer span + effective depth
= 5540 + 95
= 5635 mm
2. Ly = longer span + centre to centre distance
230 230
= 5540 + +
2 2
= 5770 mm
For Shorter Span
1. Lx = Shorter span + Effective depth
= 3500 + 95
= 3595 mm
2. Lx = shorter span + c/c distance
230 230
= 3500 + +
2 2
= 3730 mm
provide whichever is least, therefore
Longer Span ( Ly) = 5635 mm
Shorter Span (Lx) = 3595 mm
Total depth = Effective depth+ effective cover
= 95 + 25 =120mm
LOADING:
for 1 m length
live Load = 2.0 KN/M
Floor Finish load = 1.0 KN/M
Dead load = 25 x 1 x 0.12 = 3 KN/M
Total load =2.0 + 1.0 +3 = 6.0 KN/M
Factored load = 1.5 x 6.0 = 9.00 KN/M
DESIGN COEFFICIENTS
Lx =3.595 m
Ly = 5.635 m
𝐿𝑦 5.635
= = 1.567
𝐿𝑥 3.595
From table 26 of IS-456:2000

By the type of panel considered and Ly/Lx ratio
(for one long edge discontinuous)
Positive moment:
αx = 0.0653
αy = 0.043
Negative moment:
αx = 0.0858
Moment per unit width is given by the following equation:
Mx = αx w 𝑙𝑥 2
My= αy w 𝑙𝑥 2
Positive moments:
Along shorter direction: Mx = αx w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.0653 x 9.0 x 3.5952
= 7.595 KN-M
Along longer direction: My = αy w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.043 x 9.0 x 3.5952
= 5.0 KN-M
Negative moments:
= 0.0858 x 9.00 x 3.5952
= 9.980 KN-M
To know the limiting depth by equating maximum moment to mu limit
Mu = Mu limit
9.980 x 10⁶ = 0.138 x fck x 𝑏𝑑 2
9.980x 10⁶ = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x 𝑑 2
d = 60.13 mm
The provided depth = 95 mm
Hence, the section is under reinforced section
Negative reinforcement for shorter span: (-mx)
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x Ast
9.980x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 (1- )
20 x 1000x95
Ast= 312.26 𝑚𝑚2 .

Assume dia of bar = 10 mm
312.26
Number of bars = π =4 No.s
×102
4
Ast provided = 312.26𝑚𝑚2 .

Spacing of bars:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟
 = x 1000 = 250 mm
Ast required
 =3d = 3x95 = 285mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 250mm c /c
Positive reinforcement for Shorter span (+my)
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x Ast
5.0 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 (1- )
20 x 1000x95
Ast =150.73𝑚𝑚2 .
Assume dia of bar = 10mm
155.11
Number of bars = π = 2 no’s
×102
4
Ast provided = 150.73 𝑚𝑚2 .

Spacing of bars:
Assume 8 mm Dia Bars
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟
 = x 1000 = 333 mm
Ast required
 = 3d = 3x95 = 285mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 285mm c/c
Positive reinforcement along shorter span (+mx)
fyAst
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x Ast
7.595x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 (1- )
20 x 1000x95
Ast = 233.39 𝑚𝑚2 .

Assume dia of bar = 10 mm
233.39
×102
4
Ast provided =233.39𝑚𝑚2 .

Spacing of bars:
Ast of bar
 x 1000
Ast required
= 330 mm
 3d = 3x95
=285 mm
 300mm
Provide 10mm dia bars @ 285mm c/c
Torsion reinforcement
3
steel for torsion = max Ast
4
3
= × 312.26 =234.195 mm2
4
Length of bar=1/5 th of shorter span

1
= ∗ 3500 = 700mm
5
Assume 8 mm dia bars
Spacing= (Ast of one bar/torsion steel) × length of bar
=150 mm
No of bars= (length of bar in torsion steel/spacing)+1
= (700/150) + 1
=6 No's
Provide 50% of steel at corners in which one edge is continuous and
other is discontinuous
DEFELECTION CHECK:
From fig 4 of modification factor for tension reinforcement.
Area of cross−section of steel required
fs = 0.58 fy
Area of cross−section of steel provided
312.26
fs = 0.58 x 415×
312.26
= 240.70 N/𝑚𝑚2

Percentage of steel = X 100
BD
312.26
= ×100=0.328%
1000×95
Maximum permitted value = modification factor x Basic value (from Fig 4 of

IS 456 – 2000)
= 1.5 x 26
=39
𝑙 𝑙
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 < 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑑 𝑑
37.0<39.0
Hence the section is safe under deflection
Shear Check :-
Nominal Shear Stress
𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑
16.17 𝑥 103
= 0.170 N/mm2
1000 𝑥 95
% of Ast At Supports
312.26
= 𝑥 100
1000 𝑥 95 𝑥 2
= 0.164 %
Design strength of concrete
τc = % Ast - τc
0.36 - 0.25
0.28 - 0.15
0.08
τc = 0.28 + [ + 0.014 ]
0.1
= 0.291 N/mm2
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
Conditions
1. τv < k τc
= 0.170 < 1.3 x 0.29 = 0.170 < 0.377
1
2. τv < τcmax
2
= 0.170 < 1.4

The nominal shear stress is greater than design shear stress
= 0.481 < 1.3 x 0.59
= 0.481 < 0.64
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
1
τcmax < τmax
2
1
0.471 < 𝑥 2.8 = 0.471 < 1.4
2
Hence The Slab Is Safe Under Shear
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF SLAB

S. No Description of Shape Dia of No’s Length Total Weight Total
bar of bar bar length weight
(m) (kg/m)
(mm) (m) (kg)
For panel 1
Along shorter span
1) Main straight 10 8 3.68 29.44 0.61 17.95

bar
2) Main cranked 10 8 3.73 29.84 0.61 18.20

bar
3) Anchor bar 10 6 3.68 22.08 0.61 13.46
Along longer span
1) Main straight 8 11 5.72 62.92 0.39 24.85

bar
2) Main cranked 8 11 5.77 63.39 0.39 25.04

bar
3) Anchor bar 10 6 5.72 34.32 0.61 20.93
Torsion steel
1) At A1,A2 8 6 0.7 4.2 0.39 1.64
2) At B1,B2 8 12 0.7 8.4 0.39 3.276
For panel 2
Along shorter span

1) Main straight 10 6 2.73 16.38 0.61 10.07
bar
2) Main cranked 10 6 2.78 16.68 0.61 10.25

bar
3) Anchor bar 10 6 2.73 16.38 0.61 10.07
Along longer span
1) Main straight 8 11 5.72 62.92 0.39 24.85

bar
2) Main cranked 8 11 5.77 63.39 0.39 25.04

bar
3) Anchor bar 10 6 5.72 34.32 0.61 20.93
Torsion steel
1) At C1,C2 8 12 0.56 6.72 0.39 2.62
For panel 3
Along shorter span
1) Main straight 10 7 2.81 19.67 0.61 12.09

bar
2) Main cranked 10 6 2.86 17.16 0.61 10.55

bar
3) Anchor bar 10 6 2.81 16.86 0.61 10.36
Along longer span
1) Main straight 8 11 5.72 62.92 0.39 24.85

bar
2) Main cranked 8 11 5.77 63.39 0.39 25.04

bar
3) Anchor bar 10 6 5.72 34.32 0.61 20.93
Torsion steel
1) At D1,D2 8 6 0.56 3.36 0.39 1.31

Total steel :- 334.3 KG
DESIGN OF T – BEAM
BASED ON STIFFNESS CONSIDERATION:
Assume
Effective depth (d) = 120 mm
Effective cover = 30 mm
Overall depth (D) =120 + 30 =150 mm
2
Breadth (B) = x150
3
= 100 mm
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm1 &Bm 2 = 5700 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTH:
Effective length Bm1 & Bm2
230 230
(1) Centre to Centre distance = 5700 + + = 5930mm
2 2
(2) Clear span + effective depth =5700+120 =5820 mm
Effective length = 5820 mm

Loads imposed on beams:
Dead load or fixed load (wd) =0.23 X 0.15 X 25 X 1.5 =1.29 KN-m
Area effected on Bm 1 = 13.295 m2
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎×𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
Load on Bm 10 (wl) =
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
13.295 𝑥 9
=
5820
= 20.7374 KN/m
Total Load = Dead Load +Live Load = 1.29 + 20.7374
= 22.0274 KN/m
BREADTH OF THE FLANGE:
AS PER IS 456:2000 CLAUSE: 23.1.2
L0
For T- beam bf = + bw+ 6Df
6
5770
For Bm10= ( ) + 230 + 6 x120
6
=1911.6 mm
Effective breadth (b) = 1911.6 mm
MOMENT FOR Bm 1 :-
𝑤𝑙 2
Mu =
10
22.0274 𝑥 5.772
= = 73.336 KN-m
10
Mid span moment = 73.336 KN-m

Minimum depth Required :-
Mu = 0.138×fck×bf ×d2
73.335×106 = 0.138×20×1911.6×d2
d = 117.89 mm < 120 mm
Hence provide Depth = 120 mm
AREA OF STEEL (AST):
Mu = 0.87fyAst[d-0.42Xu)
73.336x106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x[240-0.42x0.02623Ast]
Ast = 882.027 mm2
No. of bars
Assume diameter of bar = 16 mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
No. of bars = 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
882.027
= 𝜋 = 4.78 No's
162
4
≅ 5 no's
𝜋
Ast provided = 5x x 162
4
= 1005.30 mm2
For xu:
Assume xu lies within the flange
Equate compressive forces to tensile forces
0.36fck bf xu = 0.87fy Ast
0.36 x 20 x1911.6 x Xu = 0.87 x415 x Ast
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Xu = = 0.02623 Ast
0.36 𝑥 20 𝑥 1911.6
Critical neutral axis:

Xu = 0.02623Ast
= 0.02623 X 882.027
= 23.135 mm < 120 mm
Hence, the neutral axis lies within the flange
MOMENT OF RESISTANCE:
MR = 0.36fck bf Xu [d-0.42Xu]
= 0.36X20X1911.36X23.135 [240-0.42x23.135]
=73.336 > 73.328 KN-m
Hence the section is safe
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT : -
For Bm1:
Vu =0.4wd l+0.45wl l
=0.4 X 1.29 X 5.77 + 0.45 X 20.7374 X 5.77
=56.822 KN
Nominal shear stress
𝑉𝑢 56.822 𝑥 103
τv = =
𝑏𝑑 230 𝑥 240
= 1.029 N/mm2
Percentage of steel:
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 102
4
% % of AST = = 0.798 %
230 𝑋 320
Design shear strength of concrete:

From table 19 of IS 456 2000
From grade of concrete and % of Ast
% Ast - τc
0.75 - 0.56
1.00 - 0.62
0.08
τc = 0.56 + x 0.489
0.25
= 0.571 n/mm2
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 44.56 – 0.51(0.23 X 0.32)
= 44.52 KN
For stirrups:
Vus = Vu - τc bd
= 25.3 KN
Spacing:
Assume two legged vertical stirrups of 8 mm dia
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
 Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82 𝑋 320
4
=
22.26 𝑋 103
= 344.27 mm ≅ 345 mm
0.87fyAsv
 Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82
 = 4
0.4 𝑋 230
= 394.52 mm ≅ 395 mm
 0.75 x d = 0.75 X 240
= 168 mm =160 mm
 300 mm
Provide stirrups 8 mm ∅ @ 160 mm c/c

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:
Mud > Moment Of Resistance
73.336 KN - M > 73.328 KN -M
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR T – BEAM
SNO NAME SHAPE DIA IN NO 'S LENGTH TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT
OF BAR OF BAR MM IN M LENGTH WEIGHT IN KG
IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 16 3 5.72 17.16 1.58 27.11

BAR
2 MAIN 16 2 5.88 11.76 1.58 18.58

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 10 2 5.72 11.44 0.61 6.97
BAR
4 STRRUPS 8 36 0.972 31.536 0.395 13.82
TOTAL WEIGHT :- 66.48 KG

THEREFORE THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR 2 T BEAMS
= 2 X 66.48 = 132.96 KG
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM

BY STIFNESS CONSIDERATION:-
𝑙
Assume = 19
𝑑
5540
= d
19
Effective Depth (d) = 291.57 mm = 292 mm

Assume an Effective Cover = 35 mm
Over all Depth (D) = 292 + 35 = 327 mm = 330 mm
Revised Effective Depth = 330- 35 mm = 295 mm
Effective Length :-
230 230
(1) Centre to Centre distance = 5540 + + = 5770 mm
2 2
(2) Clear span + effective depth =5540 + 295 =5835 mm

Loads : -
Wd = 0.23 x 0.23 x 1 x 25 = 1.8975 KN/m
6.1328 𝑥 6
Wl = = 6.377 KN/m
5.77
Total load = 8.2745 KN/m
Factored load = 1.5 x 8.2745 = 12.41 KN/m
Moments : -
𝒘𝒍𝟐
𝟖
12.41 𝑥 5.772
= = 51.65 KN –m
8
Depth Required :-
The minimum depth required to resist the Bending Moment .
Equate Mu to Mu limit
51.65 x 106 = Qbd2
51.65 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d2
d = 285.25 mm
Hence provide an Effective Depth = 295 mm
Tension Reinforcement :-
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
51.65 x 106 = 0.87 x fy x d x Ast [1 - ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
51.65 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x 295 x Ast [1- ]
230 𝑥 295 𝑥 20
Ast = 592.174 mm2

592.174
No of bars = 𝜋 = 2.94 = 3 No's
𝑥 16 𝑥 16
4
Hence provide 16 mm dia bars of 3 no's

Deflection Check :-
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
fs = 0.58 fy
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
592.174
= 0.58 x 415 x 𝜋
𝑥 16 𝑥 16 𝑥3
4
= 236.52 N/mm2
592.174
% of Ast = 𝑥 100
230 𝑥295
= 0.87 %
𝑙
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 = modification factor x basic value
𝑑
= 1.1 x 20 = 22
22 > 19
𝑙 𝑙
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 > 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑑 𝑑
Hence the section is safe under Deflection
Shear Check :-
𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑
35.80 𝑥 103
= 0.527 N/mm2
230 𝑥 295
𝜋
2𝑥 𝑥 162
4
% of steel = 𝑥 100
230 𝑥 295
= 0.592 %
τc = % Ast - τc
0.50 - 0.48
0.75 - 0.56
0.08
τc = 0.48 + [ + 0.092 ]
0.25
= 0.892 N/mm2
τv < k τc
= 0.527 < 1.3 x 0.892
= 0.527 < 1.15
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
1 1
τcmax < τcmax = 0. 527 < 𝑥 2.8
2 2
= 0.527 < 1.4

Vus = Vu - τcbd
35.80 x 103 – 0.527 x 230 x295 = 43.05 KN
Spacing
Assume 6 mm dia Two Legged Vertical Stirrups.
Asv = 56.54 mm2
56.54 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
1. Sv = = 221 mm = 220 mm
0.4 𝑥 230
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 295
2. Sv = = 279.5 mm = 275 mm
21.525 𝑥 103
3. Sv = 300 mm
4. Sv = 0.75 x d = 221 mm = 220 mm
Hence Provide 6 mm Dia Bars @ 220 mm c/c As Stirrups.
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
-1
IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 16 2 5.72 11.44 1.58 18.07

BAR
2 MAIN 16 1 5.93 5.93 1.58 9.36

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 10 2 5.72 11.44 0.61 6.97

BAR
4 STRRUPS 6 33 1.04 34.32 0.22 7.55
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM-2

By Stiffness considerations :-
𝑙
Assume = 18
𝑑
5540
= d
18
Effective Depth (d) = 307.78 mm ≅ 308 mm

Assume an Effective Cover = 30 mm
Over all Depth (D) = 308 + 30 = 338 mm ≅ 340 mm
Revised Effective Depth = 340 - 30 mm = 310 mm
Effective Length :-
230 230
(3) Centre to Centre distance = 5540 + + = 5770 mm
2 2
(4) Clear span + effective depth =5540 + 295 =5835 mm

Loads : -
Wd = 0.23 x 0.31 x 1 x 25 = 1.7825 KN/m
7.2828 𝑥 6
Wl = =7.57 KN/m
5.77
Total load = 9.355 KN/m

Factored load = 1.5 x 9.355 = 14.03 KN/m
Moments : -
𝒘𝒍𝟐
𝟖
14.03 𝑥 5.772
= = 58.40 KN –m
8
Depth Required :-
The minimum depth required to resist the Bending Moment .
58.40 x 106 = Qbd2
58.40 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d2
d = 303.31 mm
Hence provide an Effective Depth = 310 mm
58.40 x 106 = 0.87 x fy x d x Ast [1 - ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
58.40 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x 310 x Ast [1- ]
230 𝑥 310 𝑥 20
Ast = 641.54 mm2

641.54
No of bars = 𝜋 = 3.19 = 4 No's
𝑥 16 𝑥 16
4
Hence provide 16 mm dia bars of 4 no's

Deflection Check :-
fs = 0.58 fy
641.54
= 0.58 x 415 x 𝜋
𝑥 16 𝑥 16 𝑥4
4
= 192 N/mm2
641.54
% of Ast = 𝑥 100
230 𝑥310
= 0.89 %
𝑙
𝑑
= 1.1 x 20 = 22
22 > 19
𝑙 𝑙
𝑑 𝑑
SHEAR CHECK:-
𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑
14.03 𝑥 5.77
Vu = = 40.47 KN
2
40.47 𝑥 103
= 0.567 N/mm2
230 𝑥 310
𝜋
2𝑥 𝑥 162
4
230 𝑥 310
= 0.563 %
τc = % Ast - τc
0.50 - 0.48
0.75 - 0.56
0.08
τc = 0.48 + [ + 0.063 ]
0.25
= 0.863 N/mm2
τv < k τc
= 0.563 < 1.3 x 0.863
= 0.563 < 1.12
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2
1
τcmax < τmax
2
1
0. 563 < 𝑥 2.8 = 0.563 < 1.4
2
Vus = Vu - τcbd
40.47 x 103 – 0.563 x 230 x310 = 32.81 KN
Spacing
Asv = 56.54 mm2
56.54 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
1. Sv = = 221 mm = 220 mm
0.4 𝑥 230
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 310
2. Sv = = 385.75 mm = 380 mm
16.405 𝑥 103
3. Sv = 300 mm
4. Sv = 0.75 x d = 221 mm = 220 mm
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

-2
IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 18 2 5.72 11.44 2 22.88

BAR
2 MAIN 18 1 5.94 5.94 2 11.88

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 10 2 5.72 11.44 0.61 6.97

BAR
4 STRRUPS 6 26 1.06 27.56 0.22 6.063

DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS
RECTANGULAR BEAM
By Stiffness Considerations : -
Assume Breadth = 230 mm
2
Breadth(B) = 𝑑
3
2
Effective Depth (d) = 𝑥 230
3
= 345 mm
Loads : -
Dead Load (Wd) = 0.23 x 0.38 x 25 x 1.5 = 3.2775 KN/M
3.7348 𝑥 9
Live Load For Span 1 (Wl1) = = 9.033 KN/M
3.73
1.8632 𝑥 9
Live Load for Span 2 (Wl2) = = 6.14 KN/M
2.73
1.974 𝑥 9
Live Load For Span 3 (Wl3) = = 6.322 KN/M
2.81
Span Moments : -
1 . At The Middle Of End Span -1 :-
𝑊𝑙 2 𝑊𝑙 2
+
12 10
3.275 𝑥 3.732 9.033 𝑥 3.732
= +
12 10
= 16.36 KN-M
2 . At The Middle Of End Span – 2 : -
+
12 10
3.275 𝑥 2.812 6.322 𝑥 2.812
= + = 7.418 KN-M
12 10
3. At The Interior Span :-

+
12 10
3.275 𝑥 2.732 6.14 𝑥 2.1732
= +
12 10
= 4.93 KN-M
4. Support Next To End Support – 1 :-
+
10 9
3.275 𝑥 3.732 9.033 𝑥 3.732
= +
10 9
= 18.52 KN-M
5 . Support Next To End Support – 2 :-
+
10 9
3.275 𝑥 2.812 6.322 𝑥 2.812

= +
10 9
= 8.13 KN – M
The Minimum Depth Required :-
The Minimum Depth Required To Resist Bending Moment
Mu = Mu limit
18.52 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d2
d = 170 mm
Hence Provide Effective Depth =345 mm
Positive Bending Moment
415𝐴𝑠𝑡
16.36 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 345 [1- ]
20 𝑥 230 𝑥 345
Ast = 136.19 mm2

Assume 12 mm Dia Bars Used
136.19
No of Bars = 𝜋
𝑥 122
4
= 1.2 = 2 No 's
Assume 50 % of Bars Are Cranked . So Assume 3 no's are used.
Negative Bending Moment
415𝐴𝑠𝑡
18.52 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 345 [1 − ]
20 𝑥 230 𝑥 345
Ast = 154.95 mm2

154.95
No of Bars = 𝜋
𝑥 122
4
= 1.37 = 2 No's
Check For Shear : -
𝜋
𝑥 2 𝑥 122
4
% of Ast At Support = x 100 = 0.28 %
230 𝑥 345
46.2 𝑥 103
τv = = 0.58 N/mm2
230 𝑥 345

% Ast - τc
0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
τc = 0.36 + [ x ( 0.28 – 0.25)] = 0.398 N/mm2
0.25
τv > τc
Vus = Vu - τcbd
= 46.2 x 103 - 0.398 x 230 x 345 = 14.61 KN
Assume 6 mm dia Two Legged Vertical Bars Used
𝜋
Asv = 2 x x 62 = 56.54 mm2
4
Spacing Of Stirrups
0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑 0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 345
1. Sv = 𝑉𝑢𝑠 = = 482.12 mm ≅ 480 mm
7.305 𝑥 103
2
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54

2. Sv = = = 220 mm
0.4𝑏 0.4 𝑥 230
3. Sv = 0.75d = 0.75 x 345 = 258.75 mm ≅ 250 mm
4. Sv = 300 mm
Hence Provide 6 mm dia 2 Legged Vertical Stirrups @ 220 mm c/c
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR CONTINUOUS

RECTANGULAR BEAM
SNO NAME SHAPE DIA IN NO ‘S LENGTH TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT
IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 12 2 9.45 18.9 0.89 16.82
BAR
2 MAIN 12 1 13.78 13.78 0.89 12.26

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 10 2 9.45 18.9 0.62 11.72

BAR
4 STRRUPS 6 44 1.022 44.97 0.22 9.89
TOTAL WEIGHT = 50.69
DESIGN OF LINTEL WITHOUT SUNSHADE

Width of Opening = 1000 mm
Bearring on eachside = 150 mm
Height of Masonry above opening = 1300 mm
Wall thickness = 230 mm
Masonry Weight = 19 KN/m3
Effective Cover = 20 mm
Stiffness Factor = 12
By Stiffness Factor :-
𝑙
Assume = 12
𝑑

Overall Depth (D) = 120 mm
Effective Span :-
1. Effective Span = Clear Span + Effective Depth
= 1000 + 100 = 1100 mm
2. Effective Span = Clear Span + c/c Distances
150 150
= 1000 + + = 1150 mm
2 2
Effective Span Should Be Least , So

Effective Span = 1100 mm
Type Of Loading :-
Height of Triangle = Effective Span + Sin 600
= 1100 x Sin 600
= 0.952 mtrs
For Triangular loading
1.25 Times The Height of Triangle should be lessthan Height of Masonry
(1.25 x h ) < H
1.19 < 1.3 m
Hence it is Rectangular loading
Loads :-
Weight of masonry = 3.19 KN
Dead load of Lintel = 0.69 KN/m
𝑊𝑚 𝑥 𝑙 𝑊𝑙 2
Bending Moment (Mu) = ( + )
6 8
= 0.611 KN - m
Factored Bending Moment (Mud) = 1.5 x 0.611 = 0.9165 KN –m
𝑊𝑚 𝑊𝑙
Shear Force = ( + )
2 2
= 1.6295 KN
Factored Shear Force (Vu) = 1.5 x 1.6295 = 2.44 KN
Depth Required :-
The minimum Depth required to resist Bending Moment ,
0.916 x 103 = 0.138 x 20 x d2 x 0.23 = 37.98 mm
Hence Provide An Effective Depth Of 120 mm
0.916 x 103 = 0.87 x 415 x 120 x Ast(1 – )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
Ast = 21.49 mm2
Check for Minimum Tension Reinforcement :-

𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Ast = 56.53 mm2

𝜋
𝑥 82
4
= 2.33 ≅ 3 no's
21.49
𝜋
Required Ast = 3 x 𝑥 82 = 150.79 mm2
4
Hence Provide 8 mm Dia Bars of 3 No's

Check For Deflection :-
fs = 0.58 fy
21.49
= 0.58 x 415 x
150.72
= 34.31 N/mm2
150.72
% of Ast = 𝑥 100
230 𝑥120
= 0.54 %
𝑙
𝑑
= 2 x 20 = 40
40 > 10
𝑙 𝑙
𝑑 𝑑
Shear Check :-
𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑
1.625 𝑥 103
= 0.058 N/mm2
230 𝑥 120
𝜋
2𝑥 𝑥 82
4
230 𝑥 120
= 0.36 %
τc = % Ast - τc
0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
τc = 0.36 + [ + 0.011 ]
0.25
= 0.853 N/mm2
τv < k τc
= 0.058 < 1.3 x 0.853
= 0.058 < 1.10
≅ Vus = Vu - τcbd
1.625 x 103 – 0.853 x 230 x120 = 16.08 KN
Spacing
Asv = 56.54 mm2
56.54 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
1. Sv = = 221.81 mm ≅ 220 mm
0.4 𝑥 120
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 120
2. Sv = = 304 mm ≅ 300 𝑚𝑚
8.04 𝑥 103
3. Sv = 300 mm
4. Sv = 0.75 x 120 = 90 mm
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR LINTEL

IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 8 2 1.25 2.5 0.39 0.975
BAR
2 MAIN 8 1 1.309 1.309 0.39 0.510

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 8 2 1.25 2.5 0.39 0.975

BAR
4 STRRUPS 6 15 0.712 10.68 0.22 2.349
TOTAL WEIGHT :-4.80 KG
DESIGN OF LINTEL WITHOUT SUNSHADE

𝑙
Assume = 12
𝑑

Effective Span :-
= 1200 + 100 = 1300 mm
150 150
= 1200 + + = 1350 mm
2 2

Type Of Loading :-
= 1300 x Sin 600 = 1.125 mtrs
1.25 Times The Height of Triangle should be less than Height of Masonry
(1.25 x h ) < H
1.4 < 1.5 m
LOADS
6 8
= 0.834 KN - m
𝑊𝑚 𝑊𝑙
Shear Force = ( + )
2 2
= 2.04 KN
Depth Required :-
1.25 x 103 = 0.138 x 20 x d2 x 0.23 = 51.40 mm
1.25 x 103 = 0.87 x 415 x 120 x Ast(1 – )
Ast = 29.93 mm2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Ast = 47.1 mm2

𝜋
𝑥 82
4
= 0.89 ≅ 1 𝑛𝑜 < 3 no's
56.18
𝜋
4

𝜋
Provided Ast = 3 x 𝑥 82 = 150.72 mm2
4

fs = 0.58 fy
50.24
= 0.58 x 415 x
15072
= 89.73 N/mm2
15072
% of Ast = 𝑥 100
230 𝑥120
= 0.54 %
𝑙
𝑑
= 2 x 20 = 40
40 > 10
𝑙 𝑙
𝑑 𝑑
Shear Check :-
𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑
3.07 𝑥 103
= 0.112 N/mm2
230 𝑥 120
𝜋
2𝑥 𝑥 82
4
230 𝑥 120
= 0.36 %
τc = % Ast - τc
0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
τc = 0.36 + [ + 0.011 ]
0.25
= 0.851 N/mm2
τv < k τc
= 0.112 < 1.3 x 0.853
= 0.112 < 1.10
3.07 x 103 – 0.851 x 230 x120 = 11.49 KN
Spacing
Asv = 56.54 mm2
56.54 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
1. Sv = = 221.81 mm ≅ 220 mm
0.4 𝑥 120
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 120
2. Sv = =320 mm
5.74 𝑥 103
3. Sv = 300 mm
4. Sv = 0.75 x 120 = 90 mm
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR LINTEL
IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 8 2 1.45 2.9 0.39 1.131

BAR
2 MAIN 8 1 1.509 1.509 0.39 0.588

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 8 2 1.45 2.9 0.39 1.131

BAR
4 STRRUPS 6 18 0.712 12.816 0.22 2.819
DESIGN OF LINTEL WITH SUNSHADE

𝑙
Assume = 12
𝑑

Effective Span :-
= 1200 + 100 = 1300 mm
150 150
= 1200 + + = 1350 mm
2 2

Type Of Loading :-
= 1300 x Sin 600
= 1.125 mtrs
1.25 Times The Height of Triangle should be lessthan Height of Masonry
(1.25 x h ) < H
1.4 < 1.5 m
Loads :-
6 8
= 1.53 KN - m
𝑊𝑚 𝑊𝑙
Shear Force = ( + )
2 2
= 3.64 KN
Depth Required :-
1.53 x 103 = 0.138 x 20 x d2 x 0.23 = 69.46 mm
1.53 x 103 = 0.87 x 415 x 120 x Ast(1 – )
Ast = 56.18 mm2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Ast = 47.1 mm2

𝜋
𝑥 82
4
= 0.89 ≅ 1 𝑛𝑜 < 3 no's
56.18
𝜋
4

𝜋
Provided Ast = 3 x 𝑥 82 = 150.72 mm2
4

fs = 0.58 fy
50.24
= 0.58 x 415 x
15072
= 89.73 N/mm2
15072
% of Ast = 𝑥 100
230 𝑥120
= 0.54 %
𝑙
𝑑
= 2 x 20 = 40
40 > 10
𝑙 𝑙
𝑑 𝑑
Shear Check :-
𝑉𝑢
τv =
𝑏𝑑
5.46 𝑥 103
= 0.198 N/mm2
230 𝑥 120
𝜋
2𝑥 𝑥 82
4
230 𝑥 120
= 0.832 %
τc = % Ast - τc
0.75 - 0.56
1.00 - 0.62
0.06
τc = 0.56 + [ + 0.083 ]
0.25
= 0.883 N/mm2
τv < k τc
= 0.198 < 1.3 x 0.883
= 0.198 < 1.14
5.46 x 103 – 0.883 x 230 x120 = 11.49 KN
Spacing
Asv = 56.54 mm2
56.54 𝑥 0.87 𝑥 415
1. Sv = = 221.81 mm ≅ 220 mm
0.4 𝑥 120
0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 120
2. Sv = =320 mm
2.73 𝑥 103
3. Sv = 300 mm
4. Sv = 0.75 x 120 = 90 mm
DESIGN OF SUNSHADE
Projection ofSunShade = 600 mm
Top Cover = 20 mm
Stifness Factor = 8
Assume Breadth = 1000 mm
𝑙
Assume = 8
𝑑

Revised Effective Depth (d) = 80 mm
Effective Span :-
= 600 + 40 = 640 mm
230 230
= 600 + + = 830 mm
2 2

Loads :-
Dead load of Sunshade = 3.0 KN/m
𝑊𝑙 2 3 𝑥 0.62
Bending Moment (Mu) = =
2 2
= 0.614 KN - m
Depth Required :-
0.921 x 103 = 0.138 x 20 x d2 x 1.0 = 44 mm
Overall depth = 100 mm
0.921 x 103 = 0.87 x 𝑓𝑦 x Ast x d(1 – )
415𝐴𝑠𝑡
0.921 x 103 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 80(1 – )
20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 80
Ast = 32.26 mm2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Ast = 163.85 mm2

Spacing =
3.14
1. 𝜋 = 306.68 mm
𝑥 82
4
2. 3 𝑥 𝑑 = 3 x 80 = 240 mm
3. 300 mm
𝜋
𝑥 82
Provided Ast = 4
x 1000 = 314 mm2
32.26
Hence Provide 8 mm Dia Bars @240 mm c/c

𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.85
=
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦
Ast = 163.85 mm2

Spacing 8 mm Dia Bars
3.14
1. 𝜋 = 306.68 mm
𝑥 82
4
2. 5 𝑥 𝑑 = 5 x 80 = 40 mm
3. 300 mm
Hence Provide 8 mm Dia Bars @300 mm c/c

𝜋
𝑥 82
Provided Ast = 4
x 1000 = 251.2 mm2
300
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR LINTEL CUM SUNSHADE

DESIGN OF A COLUMN
Length of column = 3900 mm
Size of column = 230 x 230 mm
M20 grade concrete , Fe415 grade steel
Both ends are retrained against rotation and translation
SNO NAME OF SHAPE DIA IN NO 'S LENGTH TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT

BAR OF BAR MM IN M LENGTH WEIGHT IN KG
IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN BAR 8 2 1.45 2.9 0.39 1.131
2 MAIN 8 1 1.509 1.509 0.39 0.588

CRANKED BAR
3 ANCHOR BAR 8 2 1.45 2.9 0.39 1.131
4 STRRUPS 6 18 0.712 12.816 0.22 2.819
FOR SUNSHADE
1 MAIN BARS 8 8 0.944 7.552 0.39 2.945
2 DISTRIBUTION 8 3 1.45 4.35 0.39 1.696

BARS
Effective length of column :-

kl = 0.65 x 3900 = 2535 mm
Slenderness ratio :-
effective length kl
= =
least lateral dimension D
2340
= 11.02 < 12
230
Hence , The column is designed as short column

Minimum eccentricity
kl D
emin = ( )
500 30
2340 230
= x
500 30
= 12.73 < 20 mm
Hence The column is designed as axially loaded column
Loads
From BM 10 = 0.5w10l10 =0.5×5.77×6.37 =18.377 KN
From BM9 = 0.6w9l9 = (0.6×3.27×3.73)+(0.6x9.03x3.73) = 27.5274 KN
From BM6 = 0.55w6l6 = (0.55x3.27x2.73)+(0.6x6.14x2.73) =14.9672 KN
Total load = 18.377 + 27.5274 + 14.9672
P = 60.872 KN
Assume 1%of steel in Ag
Asc =1/100 Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Ag=Ac + Asc
Ac=Ag - 0.01Ag
Ac=0.99Ag
Load carrying capacity of column
Pu = 0.4fckAc + 0.67fyAsc
60.872×103 = 0.4×20×(230x230-Asc) + 0.67×415xAsc
Asc = 1341.7 mm2
Assume section of column is square
√𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = √49591.42 = 22.69 mm
provide 230x230mm sectional column
In this section , reinforcement is not required but as per code provisions

reinforcement
is provided 1% of gross sectional area i.e, 0.01×Ag
Ag = 100x1341.7
= 134170 mm2
DIA OF BAR:-
𝜋
6x x𝑑 2 =1341.70
4
d = 16.87 mm ≅ 20 mm
Ast provided
π
Ast =6× ×162 = 804.25mm2
4
Lateral ties
 Pitch
 Least lateral dimension = 230mm
 16d = 16×16 = 256mm
 300mm
 Diameter
1
 0.25×largest diameter = 4mm
4
 6mm
So, provide 6mm ties @ 230mmc/c .
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR COLUMN

BAR OF MM IN M LENGTH WEIGHT IN KG
BAR IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 16 8 5.3 42.4 1.58 66.992

VERTICAL BAR
2 LATERAL TIES 6 21 0.864 18.144 0.22 4.032
DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM ALONG LONGER

SPAN
Length of span AB = 3730 mm
Length of span BC = 2730 mm
Length of span CD = 2810 mm
Design constants
For M20 Grade Concrete & Fe415 Steel
Q = 2.76
Assume 300 mm as an Effective Depth of Plinth Beam
Loads On Each Span :-
(Surface area x Width x Sp.Gr.of Masonry x 1.5)+( 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑆𝑝.𝐺𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒)
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛
For 3730 mm Span

(12.987 𝑥 19 𝑥 0.23 𝑥 1.5)+(0.23 𝑥 0.30 𝑥 25)
= = 23.285 KN/m
3.73
For 2730 mm Span

(13.107 𝑥 19 𝑥 0.23 𝑥 1.5)+(0.23 𝑥 0.30 𝑥 25)
= = 32.103 KN/m
2.73
For 2810 mm Span

(14.187 𝑥 19 𝑥 0.23 𝑥 1.5)+(0.23 𝑥 0.30 𝑥 25)
= = 33.708 KN/m
2.81
Span Moments :-
𝑤𝑙 2
For End Spans =
12
𝑤𝑙 2
For Mid Spans =
16
23.285 𝑥 3.732
For 3730 mm Span = = 26.99 KN - m
12
32.103 𝑥 2.732
For 2730 mm Span = = 14.35 KN – m
16
33.708 𝑥 2.812
For 2810 mm Span = = 22.180 KN – m
12
Support Moments :-
𝑤 𝑥 𝑙2
Next to End Support = −
10
23.285 𝑥 3.732
1. - = 32.396 KN-m
10
33.708 𝑥 2.812
2. - = 26.61 KN – m
10
Minimum Depth Required

The Minimum Depth Required To Resist Bending Moment
32.396 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 230 x d2
d = 225.90 mm
Provide Total Depth = 300 mm
Assume An Effective Cover Of 30 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 300 – 30 mm = 270 mm
Tension Reinforcement
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
32.396 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x 270 x Ast [1- ]
20 𝑥 230 𝑥 270
Ast = 380.76 mm2

Assume 12 mm dia Bars Used
380.76
No of Bars = 𝜋
𝑥 122
4
= 4 Bars
Hence provide 12 mm dia Bars as Main Reinforcement
Check For Shear : -
𝜋
𝑥 2 𝑥 122
4
% of Ast At Support = x 100 = 0.364 %
230 𝑥 270
Shear Force (Vu)

At End Support (1) = 0.4 x w x l
= 0.4 x 23.285 x 3.73 = 34.740 KN
At Outside of Inner Support (1) = 0.6 x w x l
= 0.6 x 23.285 x 3.73 = 52.11 KN
At Inside Of Inner Support (1) = 0.55 x w x l
= 0.55 x 33.103 x 2.73 = 48.20 KN
At Outside Of Inner Support (2) = 0.6 x w x l
= 0.6 x 33.708 x 2.81 = 20.22 KN
At Inside Of Inner Support (2) = 0.55 x w x l
= 0.55 x 33.708 x 2.81 = 52.095 KN
At End Support (2)= 0.4 x w x l
= 0.4 x 33.708 x 2.81 = 37.88 KN
52.11 𝑥 103
τv = = 0.839 N/mm2
230 𝑥 270

% Ast - τc
0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
τc = 0.36 + [ x ( 0.364 – 0.25)] = 0.41 N/mm2
0.25
τv > τc
Vus = Vu - τcbd
= 52.11 x 103 - 0.41 x 230 x 270 = 26.649 KN
Assume 6 mm dia Two Legged Vertical Bars Used
𝜋
Asv = 2 x x 62 = 56.54 mm2
4
Spacing Of Stirrups
0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑 0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54 𝑥 270
5. Sv = 𝑉𝑢𝑠 = = 413 mm
13.3245
2
0.87 𝑓𝑦𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.87 𝑥 415 𝑥 56.54
6. Sv = = = 220 mm
0.4𝑏 0.4 𝑥 230
7. Sv = 0.75d = 0.75 x 270 = 202 mm = 200 mm
8. Sv = 300 mm
Hence Provide 6 mm dia 2 Legged Vertical Stirrups @ 200 mm c/c
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR PLINTH BEAM

IN M IN KG/M
1 MAIN 12 2 9.45 18.9 0.88 16.8

BAR
2 MAIN 12 2 10.20 20.40 0.88 17.95

CRANKED
BAR
3 ANCHOR 10 2 9.45 18.9 0.61 11.53

BAR
4 STRRUPS 6 48 0.984 47.23 0.22 10.39

DESIGN OF FOOTING
Size of Column = 230 x230 mm
Axial load = Column self weight + Column shear force + Plinth shear
Column shear force = 60.872 KN
Column self weight = 0.23 x 0.23 x25 x 3.9 x 1.5 = 7.736 KN
Plinth beam shear = (0.6 + 23.285 + 3.73)+(0.6 + 32.103 + 2.73)
+(0.5 + 20.103 + 5.77)
= 162.693 KN
Total axial load = 162.693 + 60.872 + 7.736 = 223.56 KN
223.56
Axial Load = = 149.04 KN
1.5
By using M20 Grade Concrete , Fe415 Steel

Safe Bearring Capacity of Soil = 150 KN/m2
SIZE OF FOOTING
Assume 10% of load as weight of Footing
10
= 149.04 x = 14.904 KN
100
Total load = 149.04 + 14.904 = 163.944 KN

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
Required area of footing =
𝑠.𝑏.𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
163.94
= = 1.092 m2
150
Size of footing = 1.1 x 1.1 Mtrs

223.56 𝑥 103
Net upward soil pressure (q) =
1100 𝑥 1100
= 0.184 N/mm2
Bending moment :-
As per clause 34.2.3.2 (a) the greatest Bending Moment is occurred at the face of
the Column
So BM @section X-X =
Total load acting on hatched area x distance between c.g of the force from
face of the column
𝐵−𝑏 𝐵−𝑏
=2[ ]xBx[ ]
2 4
1100−230 1100−230
= 0.184 [ ] 𝑥 1100 𝑥 [ ]
2 4
= 19.14 KN-M
Depth required : -
The minimum depth required to resist Bending Moment
Mud = Qbd2
= 19.14 x 106 = 0.138 x 1100 x 20 x d2
= 79.39 mm = 80 mm
In Footing the depth required for Bending moment is very less than the depth
required for shear .
Hence provide an effective depth of twice the required depth .
d = 160 mm
Overall Depth (D) = Effective Depth + Cover = 160 + 50 = 210 mm
Equate factored bending moment (Mud) to Mu for under reinforcement section
415 𝑥 𝐴𝑠𝑡
19.14 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x 160 x Ast [1 - ]
20 𝑥 1100 𝑥 160
Ast = 345.38 mm2

Assume 10 mm dia bars used
(𝜋÷4)102
𝑥 1000 = 227 mm ≅ 220 mm
345.48
Provide 10 mm dia bars @220 mm c/c

Check for one way shear : -
a) The critical section for this condition at a distance equal to effective depth
1100−230
=( – 160) = 275 mm
2
Shear force Vu = 0.184 x 275 x 1100 = 55.66 KN
𝑉𝑢 55660
τv = = = 0.316 N/mm2
𝐵𝑑 1100 𝑥 160
345.38
% of Ast = 𝑥 100
1100 𝑥 160
= 0.196 %
From table 19 of IS 800 – for 0.196% of Ast
τc = 0.15 - 0.28
0.25 - 0.36
= 0.10 - 0.12
0.12
τc = 0.28 + [ 𝑥 (0.196 − 0.15)]
0.1
τc = 0.335 N/mm2
For 210 mm thick
K = 1.2
τc > K τv
0.335 > 0.235
Check for Two way Shear or Punching shear :-
Hatched area = B2 – (b + d )2
= 11002 – (230 + 100)2
= 1.0579 x 106 mm2
Vu = q x hatched area
= 0.184 x 1.0579 x 106 = 194.65 KN
194.65 𝑥 103
τv = = 0.779 N/mm2
4 (230+160)160
τc = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 √20

= 1.118 N/mm2
τv > τc
Check for Bearring Stress :-

Nominal bending stress should be less than Permissible bearing stress
𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛
=
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝
149.04 𝑥 103
= = 2.81 N/mm2
230 𝑥 230
𝐴1
Permissible Bearring stress = 0.45 fck √
𝐴2
A1 = ( b + 4d2) = (230 + (4 x 160 )2) = 0.409 x 106 mm2

A2 = 230 x 230 = 0.52 x 106 mm2
0.409 𝑥 106
√ = 2.78
0.52 𝑥 106
Permissible stress = 0.45 x 20 x 2.78

= 25.02 N/mm2
2.81 < 25.02
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR COLUMN FOOTING

BAR OF MM IN M LENGTH WEIGHT IN KG
BAR IN M IN KG/M
A FOR COLUMN
1 MAIN 16 8 5.3 42.4 1.58 66.992

VERTICAL BAR
2 LATERAL TIES 6 21 0.864 18.144 0.22 4.032
B FOR FOOTING
1 BASE BARS ON 10 10 1 10 0.61 6.1
BOTH
DIRECTIONS

MIG DESIGNS
DESIGN OF SLAB

Longer span 5440
LONGER SPAN BY SHORTER SPAN RATIO = =
Shorter span 4240
=1.28
By Stiffness consideration
Lx
Let we assume as 43
𝑑
Lx
43 =
𝑑
4240
𝑑=
43
d =98.60mm~ 100mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN:
Ly = Longer span + effective depth
= 5440 + 100
= 5540mm
= loner span + centre to centre distance
= 5440 + 230/2 +230/2
Ly = 5670mm
Lx = Shorter span + Effective depth
= 4240 + 100
= 4340mm
= shorter span + c/c distance
= 4310 + 230/2 +230/2
= 4470mm
Provide whichever is least
Total depth = Effective depth +Effective cover
= 100 + 20 =120mm
LOADING:
Roof slab = 2 KN/M
Floor Finish = 0.6 KN/M
Dead load = 25 x 1 x 0.12 = 3 KN/M
Total load = 2 + 0.6 +3 = 5.6 KN/M
DESIGN COEFFICIENTS
Lx =4.47m
Ly = 5.67m
Ly/Lx = 5.67/4.47 = 1.27
Positive moment:
αx = 0.038
αy = 0.028
Negative moment:
αx = 0.050
αy = 0.037
Positive moments:
= 0.038 x 8.4 x 4.472
= 6.055 KN-M
Along longer direction: My= αy w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.028 x 8.4 x 4.472
= 4.427 KN-M
Negative moments:
= 0.050 x 8.4 x 4.472
= 7.95 KN-M
= 0.037 x 8.4 x 4.472
= 5.850 KN-M
By knowing the limiting depth by equating maximum moment to mu limit
Mu = mu limit
7.95 x 10⁶ = 0.138 x fck x 𝑏𝑑 2
7.95 x 10⁶ = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x 𝑑 2
d = 53.67 mm
The limiting depth = 100mm
Negative reinforcement: (-mx)

fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
7.95 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- )
20 x 100x1000
Ast = 231.38𝑚𝑚2 .
231.38
Number of bars = π
×102
4
= 3 nos
Spacing of bars:
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟
 = x 1000 = 295.81 mm ≅ 290 mm
ast required
 =3d = 3x100 = 300mm
 =300mm
(-my)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
5.85 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- )
20 x 100x1000
Ast = 195.34𝑚𝑚2 .
195.34
×102
4

Spacing of bars:
 = x 1000 = 210mm
ast required
 = 3d = 3x100 = 300mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 210mm c/c
Positive reinforcement (+mx)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
6.05x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- )
20 x 100x1000
Ast= 195.13𝑚𝑚2 .
235.70
Number of bars = = 3 no’s
78.53
Ast provided =235.71 𝑚𝑚2 .

Spacing of bars:
ast of bar
 = x 1000
ast required
= 265.9 mm ≅ 260mm
= 3d
 = 3x100
=300mm
Provide 3 no’s 10 mm ∅ @ 260mm c/c

(+my)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
4.43x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- )
20 x 100x1000
Ast = 168.47𝑚𝑚2 .
Provide minimum ast = 0.12% of gross cross sectional area
= 0.12/100 x 120x1000
= 144𝑚𝑚2 .
168
Number of bars = ( )
78.53
= 3nos
Ast provided = 235.61𝑚𝑚2
Spacing of bars:
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
 x 1000
ast required
= 265.81 mm ≅ 260mm
= 3d
 = 3x100
=300mm
 300mm
Provide 3 no’s 10 mm ∅ @ 260mm c/c

DEFELECTION CHECK:
fs = 0.58 fy
168.47
fs = 0.58 x 415 x =
235.61
= 240.70 N/𝑚𝑚2

BD
=0.261%
Maximum permitted value = 2 x Basic value (From figure 4 of IS 456:2000)
= 1.7 x 26
=44
Here 43<44
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE :-
TOTAL
TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT IN
S.No. DESCRIPTION DIAMETER LENGTH NUMBERS LENGTH WEIGHT KG
1 LONGER SPAN
(a)Main straight
bar 10 11.05 18 198.9 0.62 123.32
(b)Main cranked
bar 10 11.47 18 206.46 0.62 128.01
(C)Hanger bar 10 11.05 12 132.6 0.62 82.21

2 SHORTER SPAN
(a)Main straight
bar 10 8.95 22 196.99 0.62 122.08
(b)Main cranked
bar 10 9.23 22 203.06 0.62 125.9
(C)Hanger bar 10 11.05 12 132.6 0.62 82.21
3 LONGER SPAN
(a) Negetive steel
of 0.15 l 10 1.8 44 79.2 0.62 49.104
(b) Negetive steel
0f 0.3 l 10 3.50 44 154.09 0.62 95.53
4 SHORTER SPAN
(a)Negetive steel
of 0.15 l 10 1.44 20 28.8 0.62 17.86
(b)Negetive steel
oof 0.3 l 10 2.78 20 55.64 0.62 34.5
5 TORSION STEEL 8 0.894 90 80.46 0.39 31.38
TOTAL QUANTITY =854.30 kg
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM ALONG
LONGER SPAN
4240
Length of span between Bm16 = 4240 mm

DESIGN CONSTANTS
For M20 , Fe415.
Qu=2.76
Assume
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS
Effective length between AB
(1) Centre to centre distance = 4240 + 230 = 4470mm
Lx
Let us assume that = 157
𝑑
4240
15
= 282.67𝑚𝑚
Assume cover as 25 mm
Overall depth =282.67 + 25 = 307.67mm ≅ 310 mm
Revised effective depth = 310 – 25 = 285 mm
LOADS
Dead load = 0.23 × 0.31 × 25 = 1.78 KN/m
Factored Dead load =1.78 x 1.5 = 2.67 KN/m
Factored Live load = 8.4 KN/m
Total factored load = 2.67 + 8.4 = 11.07 KN/m
BENDING MOMENT
𝑤𝑙 2 11.07 𝑋 4.472
=
8 8
= 27.65 KN.m
SHEAR FORCE
𝑤𝑙 11.07 𝑋 4.47
=
2 2
= 24.74 KN
DEPTH OF SECTION:-
Equate greater Mud to Mu(limit)
Mud = Mu(limit)
27.65 × 106 = Qubd2
27.65 × 106 = 2.76 × 230 × d2
27.65×106
d= √
2.76×230
= 208.70 mm < 285mm

so limiting depth = 285 mm
REINFORCEMENT
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
27.65 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 285 [1 − ]
20×230×285
Ast = 296.54 mm2
Assume # 12mm
A𝑠𝑡 296.54
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 2.62 ≅ 3 nos
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×122
4
𝜋
Ast = 3× × 122 = 339.29mm2
4
So provide 3 # 12mm
DEFLECTION CHECK
339.29
% of Ast @ mid span = × 100 = 0.52%
230×285
Required A𝑠𝑡
fs =0.58fy
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑠𝑡
296.54
fs =0.58 fy = 210.37 N/mm2
339.29
From fig.4 of IS 456:2000
M.F. = 1.5
B.V. = 20
Max. Permissible value = M.F. × B.V. = 1.5 × 20 = 30
l 4470
= = 15.68
d 285
l
< Maximum Permissible value
d
Hence, section is safe against deflection

SHEAR CHECK
𝑉𝑢
Nominal shear stress (𝜏v) =
𝑏𝑑
24.74 𝑥103
=
230𝑥285
= 0.377 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 122
4
% Of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 285
= 0.34 %

0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
𝜏c = 0.36 + X (0.34 – 0.25)
0.25
= 0.403
𝜏v < 𝜏c
For stirrups Spacing :

0.87fyAsv
Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 ≅ 220 mm
0.75 x d = 0.75 X 285
= 213.75 mm ≅ 210 mm
300 mm
BAR BENDING SCHEDU
No of Total
Description Dia of bar Length of bars length Wt/meter `Total weight
of bars in
of bar in mm bar in m m in Kg/m Kg
1 Main straight bar 12 11.06 2 22.12 0.89 19.68
`
2 Main cranked bar 12 11.70 2 23.40 0.89 20.83
3 Anchor bar 12 11.06 2 22.12 0.89 19.68
4 Stirrups 6 0.908 53 48.124 0.22 10.59

Total weight = 70.78kg
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM ALONG
SHORTER SPAN
5440
text here54jij
Length of span between AB = 5440 mm

DESIGN CONSTANTS
For M20 , Fe415.
Qu=2.76
Assume
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS
(1) Centre to centre distance = 5440 + 230 = 5670mm
Lx
Let us assume that = 15
𝑑
5440
= 362.67𝑚𝑚
15
Assume cover as 25 mm
Overall depth = 362.67 + 25 = 387.67mm ≅ 390 mm
Revised effective depth = 390 – 25 = 365 mm

LOADS
Dead load = 0.23 × 0.39 × 25 = 2.24 KN/m
Factored Live load = 8.4 KN/m
Total factored load = 3.36 + 8.4 = 11.76 KN/m
BENDING MOMENT
𝑤𝑙 2 11.76 𝑋 5.672
=
8 8
= 47.26 KN.m
SHEAR FORCE
𝑤𝑙 11.76 𝑋 4.47
=
2 2
= 33.34 KN
DEPTH OF SECTION:-
Mud = Mu(limit)
47.26 × 106 = Qubd2
47.26 × 106 = 2.76 × 230 × d2
47.26×106
d= √
2.76×230
= 272.85 mm < 365 mm

so limiting depth = 365mm
REINFORCEMENT3
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
47.26 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 365 [1 − ]
20×230×365
Ast = 397.72 mm2
Assume # 12mm
A𝑠𝑡 397.72
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 3.51≅ 4 nos
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×122
4
𝜋
Ast = 4× × 122 =452.39mm2
4
So provide 4 # 12mm
DEFLECTION CHECK
352.39
% of Ast @ mid span = × 100 = 0.54%
230×365
Required A𝑠𝑡
fs =0.58fy
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑𝐴𝑠𝑡
397.72
fs =0.58 fy = 211.61 N/mm2
452.39
From fig.4 of IS 456:2000
M.F. = 1.5
B.V. = 20
Max. Permissible value = M.F. × B.V. = 1.5 × 20 = 30
l 5670
= = 15.53
d 365
l
< Maximum Permissible value
d
Hence, section is safe against deflection

SHEAR CHECK
𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
33.34 𝑥103
=
230𝑥365
= 0.4 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 122
4
% Of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 285
= 0.34 %

0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
𝜏c = 0.36 + X (0.34 – 0.25)
0.25
= 0.403
𝜏v < 𝜏c
For stirrups Spacing :

0.87fyAsv
Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 ≅ 220 mm
0.75 x d = 0.75 X 365
= 273.75 mm ≅ 270 mm
300 mm
No of Total `Total
Description Dia of bar Length of bars length Wt/meter weight
of bars
of bar in mm bar in m in m in Kg/m kg
1 Main straight bar 12 8.96 2 17.92 0.89 15.95
`
2 Main cranked bar 12 9.52 2 19.04 0.89 16.95
3 Anchor bar 12 8.96 2 17.92 0.89 15.95
4 Stirrups 6 1.06 42 44.52 0.22 9.79
Total weight = 58.64kg

DESIGN OF T – BEAM ALONG
LONGER SPAN
Assume Effective depth (d) = 310 mm
Effective cover = 20mm
Overall depth (D) = 310 + 20 = 330mm
Let us assume breadth of the beam as 230mm
Breadth (B) = 230 mm
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm14 = 2070 mm
For Bm13 = 4240 mm
For Bm12 = 3870 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
Effective length Bm14
230 230
(2) Centre to Centre distance =2070+ + = 2300 mm
2 2
(3) Clear span + effective depth = 2070+310 = 2380 mm
Effective length = least of above cases = 2300 mm

230 230
(1)Centre to Centre distance = 4240+ + = 4470 mm
2 2
(2)Clear span + effective depth = 4240+310 = 4550 mm

230 230
(1) Clear span + one support width =3870+ + = 4100 mm
2 2
(2) Clear span + effective depth =3870+310 =4180 mm
Effective length = least of above cases =4100mm

Dead load or fixed load (wd) = 0.23×0.41×25×1.5
=2.673KN-m
Area effected on Bm14 = 2.644 𝑚2
Not Fixed Load on Bm14 (wl) =
2.64×8.4
=
2.23
= 9.65KN/m

Not fixed Load on Bm13 ( wl ) =
9.052×8.4
=
4.47
= 17.89 KN/m
Load on Bm8 (wl) =
8.152×8.4
=
4.1
= 16.705 KN/m
AS PER IS 456:2000 CLAUSE: 23.1.2
L0
6
4470
For Bm14 = + 230 + 6 x120
6
= 1695 mm
Effective breadth =1695 mm
For xu:
0.36 x 20 x 1695 x Xu = 0.87 x415 x Ast
0.87 x415 x Ast
Xu =
0.36 x 20 x 1695
= 0.029 Ast
MOMENTS:
For Bm14:
POSITIVE MOMENTAT MIDDLE STRIP:-
𝑤𝑑 𝑙 2 𝑤𝑙 𝑙 2
Mu = +
12 10
2.67 𝑋2.32 9.65𝑋 2.32
= + = 6.28 KN-m
12 10
For Bm13:
Mu = +
16 12
2.67𝑋4.472 17.89𝑋4.472
= +
16 12
= 33.12 KN-m
NEGATIVE MOMENT AT SUPPORT:-
Mu = − −
10 9
2.67𝑋4.472 17.89𝑋 4.472
= − −
10 9
= - 38.74 KN-m
For Bm12:
POSITIVE MOMENT AT MIDDLE STRIP:-
Mu = +
12 10
2.67𝑋4.12 16.705𝑋 4.12

= +
12 10
= 31.81 KN-m
Max Positive Moment = 33.12 KN-m
Max Negative Moment = 38.74 KN-m

For maxmimum negative moment:
Mu = 0.87fyAst[d-0.42Xu]
38.74x106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x[280-0.42x0.029Ast]
Ast = 389.92 mm2
No. of bars:
No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
389.92
=𝜋
𝑋122
4
=3.44≅4 No’s
𝜋
Ast provided = 4x x122=452.39 mm2
4

Xu=0.029Ast
=0.029X452.39
=13.12 mm
Effective depth check:
mu = 0.138×fck×bf ×d2
38.74×106= 0.138×20×230×d2
d =247.06 mm < 310 mm
hence it is safe
= 0.36X20X1695X13.12[310-0.42X13.12]
=39.14 KN-m > 38.74 KN-m
𝑙 4470
Provided = = 15.96
𝑑 280
230
Ratio of web width to flange width =
1695
=0.14
From fig – 6 of IS 456 2000, reduction factor =0.8
Max. permitted value = reduction factor X basic value
= 0.8 X 26
= 20.8
15.96 < 20.8
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:
For Bm14:
Vu (end)=0.4 wdl +0.45 wl l
=0.4 X 2.67 X 2.3 + 0.45 X 9.65 X 2.3 = 12.44 KN
Vu(outer) =0.6wd l+0.6wl l
=0.6 X 2.67 X 2.3 + 0.6 X 9.65 X 2.3
= 17 KN
For Bm13:
Vu=0.55 wd l+0.6wl l
=0.55 X 2.67 X 4.47 + 0.6 X 17.89 X 4.47
= 54.54 KN
For Bm12:
=0.6 X 2.67 X 4.1 + 0.6 X 16.705 X4.1
=47.66 KN
Vu(end) =0.4wd l+0.45wl l
=0.4 X 2.67 X 4.1 + 0.45 X 16.705 X 4.1
= 35.2 KN
Nominal shear stress:

vu
𝜏v =
𝑏𝑑
54.54 𝑋 103
=
230 𝑋 280
= 0.846 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 122
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 280
=0.35%

0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
𝜏c = 0.36 + X (0.35 – 0.25)
0.25
= 0.43
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 54.54X103 – 0.43(230 X 280)
= 26.78 KN
For stirrups:
26.78
Vus =
2
= 13.39 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
 Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62 𝑋 280
4
=
13.39 𝑋 103
= 213.47 mm ≅ 210 mm
0.87fyAsv
 Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 ≅ 220 mm
 0.75 x d = 0.75 X 280
= 210 mm
 300 mm
Provide 6 mm ∅ two legged vertical stirrups @ 210 mm c/c

DESIGN OF T – BEAM ALONG
SHORER SPAN
BASED ON STIFFNESS CONSIDERATION

Assume Effective depth (d) = 410 mm
Let us assume breadth of the beam as 230mm
Breadth (B) = 230 mm
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm3 = 2870 mm
For Bm4 = 5440 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
230 230
(4) Centre to Centre distance =2870+ + = 3100 mm
2 2

230 230
(1)Centre to Centre distance = 5440+ + = 5670 mm
2 2

=3.53 KN-m
Not Fixed Load on Bm4 (wl) =
15.09×8.4
=
5.67
= 22.35KN/m

4.80×8.4
=
3.1
= 13.01 KN/m

AS PER IS 456:2000 CLAUSE: 23.1.2
L0
6
5670
For Bm14 = + 230 + 6 x120
6
= 1895 mm
Effective breadth =1895 mm
For xu:
0.36 x 20 x 1895 x Xu = 0.87 x415 x Ast
0.87 x415 x Ast
Xu =
0.36 x 20 x 1895
= 0.026 Ast
MOMENTS:
For Bm4:
Mu = +
10 10
3.53 𝑋5.672 22.35𝑋 2.32
= + = 83.25KN-m
10 10
For Bm3:
Mu = +
10 10
3.53𝑋3.12 13.01𝑋3.12
= +
10 10
= 15.89 KN-m
Mu = − −
8 8
3.53𝑋5.672 22.35𝑋 5.672

= − −
8 8
= - 104.0 KN-m

For maxmimum negative moment:
104.0x106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x[410-0.42x0.026Ast]
Ast = 716.22 mm2
No. of bars:
No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
716.22
=𝜋
𝑋162
4
=3.56≅4 No’s
𝜋
4

Xu=0.026Ast
=0.029X804.24
=23.32 mm
mu = 0.138×fck×bf ×d2
104×106= 0.138×20×230×d2
d =404.76 mm < 410 mm
hence it is safe
= 0.36X20X1895X23.32[410-0.42X23.42]
=127.32 KN-m > 104.0 KN-m

𝑙 5670
Provided = = 13.83
𝑑 410
230
Ratio of web width to flange width = =0.12
1895
From fig – 6 of IS 456 2000, reduction factor =0.8

Max. permitted value = reduction factor X basic value
= 0.8 X 26
= 20.8
13.83 < 20.8
For Bm4:
Vu (end)=0.4 wdl +0.45 wl l
=0.4 X 3.53 X 5.67 + 0.45 X 22.36 X 5.67
= 65.07 KN
=0.5 X 3.53 X 5.67 + 0.6 X 22.36 X 5.67
= 22.01 KN
For Bm3:
Vu=0.4 wd l+0.6wl l
=0.4 X 3.53 X 3.1 + 0.45 X 13.017 X 3.1
= 22.54 KN

vu
𝜏v =
𝑏𝑑
65.07 𝑋 103
=
230 𝑋 410
= 0.69 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 410
=0.43%

0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.12
𝜏c = 0.36 + X (0.43 – 0.25)
0.25
= 0.45
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 65.07 – 0.45(0.23 X 0.41)
= 22.64 KN
For stirrups:
22.64
Vus =
2
= 11.32 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
 Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62 𝑋 410
4
=
11.32 𝑋 103
= 739.48 mm ≅ 730 mm
0.87fyAsv
 Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 ≅ 220 mm
 0.75 x d = 0.75 X 410
= 300 mm
 300 mm

DESIGN OF COLUMN
Length of column = 3300 𝑚𝑚

Effective length of column
kl = 0.65l = 0.65×3300 = 2145 𝑚𝑚
Slenderness ratio
effective length kl
= =
least lateral dimension D
2145
= = 9.32 < 12
230
kl D
emin = +
500 30
2145 230
= + = 11.95 < 20 𝑚𝑚
500 30
Hence , The column is designed as axially loaded column
Loads
From Bm3 = 0.5w10l10 =0.5×13.017×3.1 = 20.18 KN
From Bm4 = 0.5w9l9 = 0.5×22.367×5.67 = 63.4 KN
From Bm 12= 0.6w6l6 = 0.6×16.705×4.1 = 41.08 KN
From Bm13 = 0.55w13l13 =0.55×17.89×4.47 = 43.98 KN
Total load = 20.18+63.4+41.08+43.98
=168.64 KN
Let us assume that the cross -section of column as square with 230 × 230 𝑚𝑚
Ag = 230 X 230 =52900 𝑚𝑚 2
168.64×103 = 0.4×20×(52900-Asc) + 0.67×415×Asc
Asc = -942.64 𝑚𝑚 2
Minimum Asc provided for column = 0.8% of Ag

0.8
Asc provided = × 52900
100
= 423.2 𝑚𝑚 2`
Dia of bar :
𝜋
4x x𝑑 2 =423.2
4
d = 11.60≅12 𝑚𝑚
Ast provided
π
Asc =4× ×122 = 452.39 𝑚𝑚 2
4
Lateral ties
 Pitch
 Least lateral dimension = 230 𝑚𝑚
 16d = 16×12 = 192mm≅ 190 𝑚𝑚
 300 𝑚𝑚
 Diameter
1
 ×largest diameter = 3 𝑚𝑚
4
 6 𝑚𝑚
So, provide 6 𝑚𝑚 ties @ 190 𝑚𝑚 c/c

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING
Size of column =230 x 230mm
Axial load on footing
From column = 176.69 KN
From plinth beam
Load on BE = 0.6 X 24.1 X 4.47 = 64.636 KN
Load on DE = 0.6 X 24.26 X 4.1 = 59.68 KN
Load on EH= 0.5 X 21.926 X 3.1 = 33.985 KN
Load on EF =0.5× 15.414× 5.67 = 43.698 KN
Total load from plinth = 64.636 + 59.68 + 33.985 + 43.698
= 202 KN
Total axial load on footing = 176.69 + 202
= 378.69 KN
378.69
Total working load on footing = = 252.46 KN ≅ 255 KN
1.5
𝐹𝐶𝐾 = 20 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝐹𝑦 = 415 N/𝑚𝑚2
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 150 KN / 𝑚2
Assume seif weight of footing is 10% of total load
10
I,e 𝑤𝑓 = x255 = 25.5 KN
100
Total load = 255+25.5 = 280.5 KN

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
Area of footing =
𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
280.5
= =1.87 𝑚2
150
Side of footing =√𝐴 =√1.87

=1.367 m ≈ 1.4 m
Factor load = 1.5 x 255 = 380 KN

BENDING MOMENT :
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
Actual upward soil pressure (q) =
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
380
=
1.4𝑋1.4
= 194 KN/𝑚2
Critical section for maximum B.M lies at the base of the column
( from clause 3 .4.2.3.2 of IS 456)
B.M at the base of the column = force x distance
Total force acting on the hatched area multiplied by distance between the C.G of
force and face of the column.
𝑞 × 𝐵 ×(𝐵−𝑏)2
B.M =
8
194 ×1.4 ×(1.4−0.23)2
= = 46.47 KN-m
8
DEPTH OF FOOTING
 Considering b = 1400 mm
B.M. = Q x b x𝑑 2
46.47 x 106 = 2.76 x 1400 x 𝑑 2
d =109.66 mm ≅ 110 mm
depth footing = 2 × 110
= 220mm
Effective depth of footing = 220mm
Overall depth = 220+50 =270mm
REINFORCEMENT
𝐴 𝑠𝑡 ×𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑢𝑑 =0.87 x𝑓𝑦 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d (1- )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 ×𝑏×𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 415
46.47x106 =0.87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 220 x(1- )
20 × 1400 ×220
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 610.11 𝑚𝑚2
Assme # 12mm
π
×122
4
Spacing = 𝑋 1400 = 259.52 ≅ 250 mm
610.11
CHECK FOR SHEAR ONE WAY SHEAR :-

The critical plane transfers shear lies at a distance of effective depth
Total shear force in hatched area = upward pressure × hatched area
B−b
= q×B×[ − 𝑑]
2
1.4−0.23
= 194×1.4×[ − 0.22]
2
= 99.134 KN
Vu
Nominal shear stress τv =
bd
99.134×103
=
1400×220
= 0.322 N/mm2
610.11
1400 𝑋 220
= 0.198 %
Design shear strength of the concrete (τc)
0.15 – 0.28
0.25 – 0.36
τc = 0.318 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress (kτc) depending upon the thickness of
slab, grade of concrete and % of Ast
kτc = 1.09 X 0.312 = 0.346 N/mm2
τv < kτc
hence section is safe
CHECK FOR FOR DIAGONAL SHEAR / 2WAY SHEAR /PUNCHING
d
The critical plane lies at a distance of around face of column
2
Shear acting on the hatched area ( vu ) = q × (B2-(b+d)2)

= 194 × (1.42-(0.23+0.22)2)
= 340.955 KN
vu
Nominal shear force τv =
4(𝑏+𝑑)𝑑
340.955X 103
= = 0.861 N/mm2
4(230+220)220
Permissible shear stress Zp = ksτc

ks = 0.5+βc
230
βc = =1
230
ks = 0.5+1 = 1.5
τc = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 × √20 = 1.12N/mm2

Zp = ksτc = 1.5×1.12 = 1.68N/mm2
Hence section is safe
CHECK FOR BEARING STRESS
axial load on column
Nominal shear stress =
area of footing at top
255 X 103
=
230×230
= 4.82 N/mm2
A1
Permissible bearing stress = 0.45 × fck × √
A2
NOTE:- 1) If b+4d >B , then it is restricted to B.

A1
2) √ < 2.
A2
(4×220+230)2
√ =4.82 > 2
230×230
A1
So take √ =2
A2
= 0.45 × 20 × 2
= 18 N/mm2
Nominal shear stress < permissible bearing stress
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE:-
No of Total `Total
Description Dia of bar Length of bars length Wt/meter weight
of bars
of bar in mm bar in m in m in Kg/m kg
1 Base bars 12 1.36 14 19.04 0.89 16.95

`
2 Vertical bars 12 4.57 4 18.28 0.89 16.27
3 Lateral ties 6 0.76 19 14.44 0.22 3.18 total=36.4kg

DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM:-
Length of span For Bm14’ = 2070 mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS
For M20 , Fe415.
Qu=2.76
STIFFNESS CONSIDERATION
l
= 15
d
4240
d= = 282.67 mm
15
Assume Effective cover = 25mm

Overall depth = 282.67 + 25 = 307.67 mm = 310 mm
Revised effective depth = 310 -25 = 285 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS
Effective length
(6) Centre to centre distance = 2070+ 230 = 2300 mm
(7) Clear span + effective depth = 2070+ 285 = 2355 mm
Effective length
(8) Centre to centre distance = 4240 + 230 = 4470 mm
(9) Clear span + effective depth = 4240 + 285 = 4525 mm

Effective length
(1) Centre to centre distance = 3870 + 230 = 4100 mm
(2) Clear span + effective depth = 3870 + 285 = 4155 mm

LOADS
Dead load = 0.23 × 0.31 × 25 = 1.783 KN/m
Imposed load = width of wall × height of basement wall
× sp.wt of brick masonry
=0.23 × 0.45 × 19 =1.96 KN/m
Factored Live load = 1.5 × 1.96 = 2.94 KN/m
LOAD ON PB 1 :
6.66 ×19×0.23×1.5
= +0.23 × 0.31 × 25 × 1.5
2.3
= 21.65 KN/m
LOAD ON PB 2:
14.61×19×0.23×1.5
= + 0.23 × 0.31 × 25 × 1.5
4.47
= 24.1 KN/m
LOAD ON PB 3:
13.50×19×0.23×1.5
= + 0.23 × 0.31 × 25 × 1.5
4.1
= 24.26 KN/m
MOMENTS :-
At middle of end span :
1
× 21.65 × 2.32 = 9.54 KN.m
12
At middle of interior span :

1
× 24.1 × 4.472 = 30.1 KN.m
16
At middle of end span :

1
× 24.26 × 4.12 = 33.98 KN.m
12
At support next to end support :

1
− × 24.1 × 4.472 = - 48.15 KN.m
10
DEPTH OF SECTION:-
Mud = Mu(limit)
48.15 × 106 = Qu.bd2
48.15 × 106 = 2.76 × 230 × d2
11.243×106
d= √
2.76×230
= 275.41 mm < 285mm

so limiting depth = 285 mm
REINFORCEMENT :
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
48.15 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 285 [1 − ]
20×230×285
Ast = 571.52 mm2

Assume # 16mm
A𝑠𝑡 571.52
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 2.84 ≅ 3 nos
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×162
4
𝜋
Ast = 3× × 162 = 603.18 mm2
4
So provide 3 # 16 mm
SHEAR CHECK
Shear force (Vu)@B1 = 0.4 x wl

=0.4 x 21.65 x 2.3
=19.92 KN
=0.6x 24.1 x4.47
=64.636 KN
=0.55x 24.1x4.47
=59.25 KN

=0.4x 24.26x4.1
=39.78 KN
Highest shear force occurs at B2

𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
64.64𝑥103
=
230𝑥285
= 0.99 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
𝑋 162 𝑋 2
4
% Of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 285
= 0.613 %

( for %Ast = 0.613 % and Fck = 20 )
𝜏c = 0.515
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 64.64X103 – 0.515(230 X 280)
= 30.88 KN
For stirrups:
30.88
Vus =
2
= 15.44 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
 Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62 𝑋 285
4
=
15.44 𝑋 103
= 376.86 mm ≅ 370 mm
0.87fyAsv
 Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 ≅ 220 mm
 0.75 x d = 0.75 X 285
= 213.75 mm ≅ 210 mm
 300 mm
TOTAL
TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT
S.No. DESCRIPTION DIAMETER NUMBERS LENGTH LENGTH WEIGHT IN KG
1 ALONG LONGER SPAN
(a)Straight bar 16 6 10.95 65.7 1.58 103.82
(b)Cranked bar 16 3 12.51 37.53 1.58 59.29
(c) Stirrups 6 54 1.024 55.29 0.22 12.16
(d)Hanger bars 10 6 10.95 65.7 0.62 103.82
(e)Negative steel at
support 10 8 1.34 10.72 0.62 6.64
2 ALONG SHORTER SPAN
(a)Straight bar 16 8 8.95 71.6 1.58 113.13
(b)Cranked bar 16 4 10.51 42.04 1.58 66.42
(c) Stirrups 6 44 1.024 45.06 0.22 9.91
(d)Hanger bars 10 8 8.95 71.6 0.62 44.39
(e)Negative steel at
support 10 8 1.7 13.6 0.62 8.43
QUANTITY= 528.01kg
RC LINTEL DESIGN
Required data :
Width of opening (S) =1500 mm
Bearing on each side (b) =150 mm
Height of masonry above opening (H) =1500 mm
Wall thickness (Tw) =230 mm
Masonry weight =19 KN/m³
Effective cover =20 mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete (fck) =15 N/mm²
Yeild stress in steel (fy) =415 N/mm²
Stiffness factor (S.f.) =12
From stiffness consideration :
(L/d) = 12
d = 125 mm
Revised (d) = 100 mm
over all depth (D) = 120 mm
Effective span :
Effective span shall be taken as per clause 22.2 (a)
1. Effective span = clear span + effective depth
Effective span (L) = (S) + d
= 1620 mm
2. Effective span = centre to centre supports
Effective span (L) = (S) + (2(b/2))
= 1730 mm
Effective span should be the least
Effective span (L) = 1620 mm
Check for type of loading
Height of triangle = Effective span x SIN 60
h = l x SIN 60
h = 1402.961 mm
h = 1.402961 m
For triangular loading,
1.25 times the height of triangle should be less than height of masonry above opening
(1.25 x h) < H
1.753701 < 1.5 m
Hence it is a triangular loading
Load:
Weight of masonry (Wm) = 4.966061597 KN
Dead load of lintel (Wd) = 0.69 KN/m
Bending moment (Mu) = ((Wm x l)/6)+((Wd x l x l)/8)
= 1.567191 KN-m
Factored Bending moment (Mud) = 2.350786697 KN-m
shear force = ((Wm/2)+((Wd x L)/2))
= 3.041930799 KN
Factored shear force (VU) = 4.562896198 KN
Minimum depth reuired to resist bending moment:
B.M.= 0.138 x fck x b x (dxd)
d= 70.267988 mm
Revised effective depth d = 120 mm
over all depth D = 140 mm
Steel required:
B.M.= 0.87xfyxdxAst(1-((fyxAst)/(fckxbxd)))
43.43065 ( AstxAst ) + -43326 Ast + 2350787 : 0 (quadratic eq)
Ast
Ast = 43767.213 mm² = 57.58177564 mm²
Ast = 57.581776 mm²
Check for minimum tension reinforcement:
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 58.885542 mm²
No. of bars = 1.172085 nos (using 8 mm dia bars)
= 2 < 3nos
Required Ast = 100.48 mm²
Hence provide a minimum of 8mm dia bars 3nos
Provided Ast = 150.72 mm²
Check for deflection:
(L/d) Provided = 13.5
(L/d) permitted = Modification factor x Basic value
For simply supported beams basic value = 20
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
Fs = 0.58xfyx(Ast required/Ast provided) = 91.95816 N/mm²
= 160.46667
Modification Factor (M.F.) = 2 (input)
(L/d) permitted = 40
Check for shear:
Ast at support = 100.48 mm²
Factored shear force (Vu)= 4.562896 KN
Nominal shear stress (τv) = (Vu/(bxd)) 0.165322326 N/mm²
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
τc is calculated with respect to %Ast at support and fck from table 19 of IS456
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.46 X2 = 0.54 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.416499 N/mm²
Shear resistance by concrete = τc x b xd
= 11495.36 N
= 11.49536 KN
τv < τc hence it is safe in shear,provide the stirrups to hold the bars
Provide 6 mm dia bars two legged vertical stirrups
Area of stirrup(Asv)= 56.52 mm²
1.Minimum shear reinforcement:
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
2.Maximum shear reinforcement:
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6 mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at spacing of
90mm c/c
DESIGN OF SUNSHADE
EFFECTIVE DEPTH:
By stiffness considerations,
𝑙
Assume =8
𝑑
600
d = =75 mm
8
Assume effective cover 25 mm

Overall depth D = 75 + 25 = 100 mm
Dead load on sunshade = 0.075x 0.6 x 1.3 x 25
= 1.46 KN
EFFECTIVE SPAN:
230
1. 600 + =715 mm
2
2. 600 + 75 = 675 mm
Provide L = 675 mm
1.46
Load on sunshade W = = 2.16 KN / m
0.675
𝑊 × 𝑙2
Moment on sunshade =
2
2.16 𝑋 0.6752
= = 0.49 KN – m
2
MAIN STEEL:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 required to resist maximum B.M
fy Ast
Mu= 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
0.49 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 75 [1 − ]
20×230×75
Ast = 18.5 𝑚𝑚2

Minimum 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.12% of gross section
0.12
= x 1000 x 75
100
= 90 mm2
Assume 6 mm dia bars ,

90
𝜋 =3.18 ≅ 4 No’ s
×62
4
𝜋
Ast provided = 4 × ×62
4
= 113.1 mm2
Main steel :
Spacing of bars
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟
 = x 1000
ast provided
𝜋
𝑋62
4
=
113.1
= 249.99 ≅ 250 mm
 = 3d
= 3x 75
= 225 mm
 =300 mm
So provide 6 mm dia. stirrups at 225 mm c/c
DISTRIBUTION STEEL:
Minimum 𝐴𝑠𝑡 provided =113.1 𝑚𝑚2
Spacing of bars:
 = x 1000
ast provided
𝜋 2
𝑥6
4
=
113.1
=249.99 mm ≅ 250 𝑚𝑚
 =5d
= 5x 75
= 375 mm
 = 450 mm
So provide 6 mm dia distribution steel at 250 mm c/c
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR SUNSHADE

TOTAL
TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT
1 MAIN STEEL 6 36 0.936 33.8 0.22 7.44
DISTRIBUTION
2 STEEL 6 36 0.96 34.56 0.22 7.6
TOTAL 15.04 Kg
12.0000 N
1.5000 9.5000
1.0000 1.0400
D1
TOILET
D2 1.5X1.2
KITCHEN DINING MASTER

2.5x4.1 BEDROOM
2.5x4.1
3.84x4.1
D1 D1
D1 A
TOILET
A DressD1
2.0X1.5
D1 D1
CH.BED
HALL ROOM
5.1x4.6
3.84x3.0 15.4600 18.0000
D1 D1 MAIN
BEDROOM
DRAWING 3.84x4.1
ROOM
5.1x4.1
TOILET
D21.5x1.2
MD
1.5000
PLAN
DESIGN OF SLABS
FOR PANEL 4
Clear longer span Ly = 5100mm
Longer span 5100
LONGER SPAN BY SHORTER SPAN RATIO = =
Shorter span 4600
=1.108<2.
Lx
44 =
𝑑
4600
𝑑=
45
d =104.54mm~ 105mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN :
= 5100 + 110
= 5210mm
= loner span + centre to centre distance
= 5100 + 230/2
Ly = 5215mm
= 4600 + 110
= 4710mm
= 4600 + 230/2
= 4715mm
Providing the least of the effective lengths obtained,LX=4710,LY=5210
Total depth = Effective cover + effective ecover
= 110+20= 130 mm
LOADING :
Roof slab = 1.5 KN/M
Dead load = 25 x 1 x 0.13 = 3.25 KN/M
Total load =1.5 + 1.0 +3.25 = 5.35 KN/M
Factored load = 1.5 x 5.35 = 8.025KN/M
DESIGN COEFFICIENTS
Lx =4.71m
Ly = 5.21m
Ly/Lx = 5.21/4.71 = 1.106
Postive moment :
αx = 0.03224
5 αy = 0.028
Negative moment :
αx = 0.0433
αy = 0.037
Moment per unit width are given by the following equation :
Postive moments :
Along shorter direction : Mx = αx w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.03224 x 8.025 x 4.712
= 5.74KN-M
Along longer direction : My= αy w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.028 x 8.025 x 4.712
= 4.98 KN-M
Negative moments :
Along shorter direction : Mx = αx w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.0433 x 8.025 x 4.712
= 7.709 KN-M
Along longer direction : My= αy w 𝑙𝑥 2
= 0.037 x 8.025 x 4.712
= 6.58 KN-M
Mu = mu limit
7.709x 10⁶ = 0.138 x fck x 𝑏𝑑 2
7.709 x 10⁶ = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x 𝑑 2
d = 52.849mm
Hence, assume that the section is under reinforced section
Negative reinforcement : (-mx)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
7.709 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 110 ( 1- )
20 x 110x1000
Ast = 201.786 𝑚𝑚2 .

201.786
Number of bars = π
×122
4
= 2 nos
Spacing of bars :
 = x 1000 = 560.48 mm ≅ 560 mm
ast required
 =3d = 3x110 = 330mm
 =300mm
(-my)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
6.587 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 ( 1- )
20 x 110x1000
Ast = 171.396 𝑚𝑚2 .

171.396
Number of bars = π = 3 nos
×102
4

Spacing of bars :
 = x 1000 = 458.24mm ≅ 450𝑚𝑚
ast required
 = 3d = 3x110 = 330mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 300mm c/c
Positive reinforcement
(+mx)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
5.74x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 110 ( 1- )
20 x 110x1000
Ast=148.69 𝑚𝑚2 .
148.69
Number of bars = = 2 nos
50.265
Ast provided = 226.19 𝑚𝑚2 .

Spacing of bars :
ast of bar
 = x 1000
ast required
= 542.5 mm ≅ 540mm
= 3d
 = 3x110
=300mm
 =300mm
 Spacing = 300 mm c/c
(+my)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
4.98x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 110 ( 1- )
20 x 110x1000
Ast = 128.506 𝑚𝑚2 .

= 0.12/100 x 130x1000
= 156 𝑚𝑚2 .
156
Number of bars =( )
78.54
= 2nos
Spacing of bars :
 = x 1000
ast required
= 499.9 mm ≅ 450mm
= 3d
 = 3x110
=330mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 300 mm c-c

DEFELECTION CHECK:
fs = 0.58 fy
fs = 0.58 x 415
= 240.70 N/𝑚𝑚2

% of steel = X 100
BD
=0.156%
Maximum permitted value = Modification factor x Basic value
= 1.7 x 26
=44.2
: 44<44.2
Hence the section is safe in deflection check.
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Factored shear force (Vu)
= (W x Lx)/2
= 18.898875 KN
= 18898.875 N
Nominal shear stress (τv) = (Vu/(bxd)) =0.142 N/mm2
% Ast at support
= (As/2×(bxd))X100 = 0.0915
Shear stress of concrete (τc)
= 0.28 N/mm2
Check-1: τv < kτc
From clause 40.2.1.1 of IS 456 k value less than 150mm over all depth=1.3
kτc = 0.364
Check-2: τv < (1/2) τc max
τc max = 2.8 N/mm2
(1/2) τc max
= 1.4 N/mm2
Torsion reinforcement :
The torsion steel should be provided to within 0.2Lx = 942mm
1 .At the edge of both directions discontinuous provide 75% of steel along shorter direction
Area of each layer of reinforcement
= 151.358 mm2
2 .At the edge of one directions discontinuous provide 37.5% of steel along shorter direction
Area of each layer of reinforcement
= 56.584 mm2
3 .Torsion reinforcement shall not be be provided in a continuous edge
Note :
1.The tension reinforcement shall be extend in the lower part of the slab to within 0.25L
of a continuous edge, or 0.15L of a discontinuous edge
2.over continuous edges of a middle strip, the tension reinforcement shall extend in the
upper part of the slab at a distance of 0.15L from the support and atlest 50% shall extend
a distance of 0.3L
3.0ver discontinuous edge 50%of the tension reinforment shall extend in the upper
part at a distance of 0.1L
4.Here 'L' indicates span in direction
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE
S.no Description Shape Dia of Length of No of Total Wt/meter Total

bar bars length
of bar of bar in mm bar in m of bars in in Kg/m weight kg

m
1 A 10 9.58 24 229.92 0.617284 141.92593
2 B 10 9.828 22 216.216 0.617284 133.46667
3 C 8 13.67 17 232.39 0.3950617 91.808395
4 D 8 13.878 15 208.17 0.3950617 82.24
5 E (a) 8 9.58 9 86.22 0.3950617 34.062222
6 E (b) 8 13.67 9 123.03 0.3950617 48.604444
7 F (a-1) 10 2.2535 17 38.3095 0.617284 23.64784
7 F (a-2) 10 4.277 15 64.155 0.617284 39.601852
8 F (b-1) 10 1.41 24 33.84 0.617284 20.888889
8 F (b-2) 10 3.05 22 67.1 0.617284 41.419753
9 G (a) 6 0.964 128 123.392 0.2222222 27.420444
10 G (b) 6 0.964 64 61.696 0.2222222 13.710222
Total wt 617.77505
=
618KG
TOTAL AMOUNT OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR COMPKETION OF SLAB=618 KG

DESIGN OF CONTINOUS T-BEAM
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm11 = 4100 mm
For Bm12 = 4600 mm
For Bm13 = 4100 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
(10) Centre to Centre distance
230 230
=4600+ + = 4830 mm
2 2
(11) Clear span + effective depth =
4600+300 = 4900mm
Effective length = least of above cases = 4830mm

(12) Centre to Centre distance =
230 230
4100+ + = 4330mm
2 2
4100+300 = 4400 mm

230 230
(3) Clear span + one support width = 4100+ + = 4330mm
2 2
Effective length = least of above cases =4330 mm

Load on Bm11 =eff. Area x factored load
=9.35x 8.025
= 75.025 KN
Uniformly distributed load (UDL)
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
=
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
75.025
=
4.33
=17.34 KN/m
Area effected on Bm12 =11.49 𝑚2

=11.49 x 8.025
= 91.49KN
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
=
91.49
=
4.83
=18.89 KN/m

=9.35x 8.025
= 75.034KN
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
=
75.034
=
4.33
=17.34 KN/m
.
KN/m

l
Assume = 17
d
4830
d= = 284.12≅ 300mm
17
Effective depth (d) = 300mm

2
Breadth (B) = x 300
3
= 200≅ 230 mm
LOADS:
Dead load = 0.23 x 0.33 x 1 x 25 = 1.89 KN/m
Factored dead load = 1.5 x 1.955
= 2.84 KN/m
Imposed load on Bm11 =17.34 KN/m9
Total load on Bm11 (w1) = 17.34 + 2.84
= 20.18 KN
Imposed load on Bm12 = 18.89 KN/m
Total load on Bm12 (W2) = 18.89 + 2.84
= 21.73 KN

Total load on Bm13 (w3) = 17.34+ 2.84
=20.18KN

AS PER IS 456:2000 CLAUSE: 23.1.2
L0 =0.7 X Eff. span
L0
6
Case (i)
4330
For Bm11 = + 230 + 6 x130
6
= 1731.67≅ 1750 mm
4830
For Bm9 = + 230 + 6 x130
6
= 1815 mm
4330
For Bm8 = + 230 + 6 x130
6
= 1731.67≅ 1750 mm
Case (ii)
4330+4830+4330
Bf =
3
=4496.67 ≅ 4500 mm
Effective breadth = least of above 2 cases =1815 mm
For xu:
0.36 x 20 x 1780 x Xu = 0.87 x415 x Ast
0.87 x415 x Ast
Xu =
0.36 x 20 x 1780
= 0.027Ast
MOMENTS:
For Bm11:
𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2 𝑓𝑙 𝑙 2
Mu = +
12 10
2.84 𝑋4.332 17.34𝑋 4.332

= +
12 10
= 36.95 KN-m
𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2 𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2
Mu = − −
10 9
2.84 𝑋4.832 18.89𝑋 4.832
= − −
10 9
= 55.59 KN-m
For Bm12:
Mu = +
12 10
2.84 𝑋4.832 18.89𝑋 4.832
= +
12 10
= 49.58N-m
Mu = − −
10 9
2.84 𝑋4.832 18.89𝑋 4.832

= − −
10 9
= 55.59KN-m
For Bm13:
Mu = +
12 10
2.84 𝑋4.332 17.34𝑋 4.332
= + = 36.95 KN-m
12 10


For positive moment:
49.58x106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x[300-0.42x0.027Ast]
Ast = 468.53 mm2
For negative moment:
55.59x106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x[300-0.42x0.027st]
Ast = 523.59mm2
No. of bars:
No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
468.53
=𝜋
𝑋162
4
=2.33≅3 No’s
𝜋
4

No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
523.59
=𝜋
𝑋162
4
=2.6≅3No’s
𝜋
Ast provided = 3x x162=603.18mm2
4

Xu=0.027Ast
=0.027X603.18
=16.30 mm
= 0.36X20X1815X16.30[300-0.42X16.30]
=62.44 > 49.58 KN-m
For Bm11:
Vu =0.4wl+0.45wl
=0.4 X 2.84X 4.33 + 0.45 X 17.34 X 4.33
= 49.96 KN
Vu =0.6wl+0.6wl
=0.6 X 2.84 X 4.33 + 0.6 X 17.34X 4.33
= 52.42 KN
For Bm12:
Vu =0.55 wl+0.6wl
=0.55 X 2.84 X 4.83 + 0.6 X 18.89 X 4.83
= 62.28 KN
For Bm13:
Vu =0.6wl+0.6wl
=0.6 X 2.84X 4.33 + 0.6 X 17.34X 4.33
=52.43 KN
Vu0 =0.4wl+0.45wl
=0.4 X 2.84 X 4.33 + 0.45 X 17.34 X 4.33
= 38.71 KN

vu
𝜏v =
𝑏𝑑
62.28𝑋 103
=
230 𝑋 300
= 0.9 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 300
= 0.58 %

0.50 - 0.48
0.75 - 0.56
0.08
𝜏c = 0.48 + X (0.58 – 0.50)
0.25
= 0.51
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 62.28 X 103 – 0.51(230 X 300)
= 27.09 KN
Assume bentup bars are taken 50% of shear
Vus =0.87fy Asv sin 45°
𝜋
= 0.87 X 415 X (1 X 𝑋162 ) X0.707
4
= 51.33 KN
For stirrups:
27.09
Vus =
2
= 13.55KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82 𝑋 300
4
=
27.09𝑋 103
= 369.48≅360 mm
0.87fyAsv
Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 394.53 ≅ 390 mm
0.75 x d = 0.75 X 300
= 225 ≅ 220 mm

𝑙 4830
= = 16.1
𝑑 300
𝜋
3𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 300
= 0.87 %
468.53
Fs = 0.58 X 415 X
603.186
= 186.97 N/mm2
Max. permitted value = MF X basic value
= 1.25 X 26
= 32.5
16.1 < 32.5

S NO BAR NAME DIA NOS LENGTH TOTAL UNIT TOTAL
LENGTH WEIGHT WEIGHT
1 Main straight bar 16 2 13.64 27.28 1.58 43.1024
2 Main bentup bar 16 1 14.56 14.56 1.58 23.00
3 Hanger bar 10 2 13.64 27.28 0.61 16.64

4 Stirrups 8 63 1.02 64.26 0.39 25.062
5 Additional steel 16 1 1.042 1.042 1.58 1.62

for
TOTAL : 110KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR CONTINUOUS T BEAM IS 110KG
T-Beam
TWO
SPAN
DESIGN
Clear span-1 (S1) = 5100

Clear span-2 (S2) = 3840
Depth of web (or) rib (Dw) = 230
Depth of flange (Df) = 130
Breadth of web(bw) = 230
Live load on span-1 (W1) = 20.916
Live load on span-2 (W2) = 16.32
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete (fck) =20
Yeild stress in steel (fy) = 415
Effective cover (d') = 40
Effective span :
From clause 22.2 (b) of IS 456 for continuous beams
(1/12) of clear span - 1 = (S1)/12
= 425 mm
(1/12) of clear span - 2 = (S2)/12
= 320 mm
Support width < (1/12) of clear shorter span
Support width < (1/12) of clear longer span
Hence,
Effective span - 1 (L1) = (S1) + d
= 5420 mm
= 4160 mm
Effective span - 1 (L1) = (S1) + (2(bw/2))
= 5330 mm
= 4070 mm
Effective span - 1 (L1) = 5330 mm
Effective span -2 (L2) = 4070 mm
Breadth of flange :
1. (Lo/6)+bw+6bf = 1605 mm
2. ((L1+L2)/2)+bW = 4700 mm
Breadth of flange (bf) is taken as 1605 mm
Assume the neutral axis lies within the flange
Now equate compressive force to tensile force
0.36 fck bf Xu = 0.87 fy Ast
Xu = 0.0312435 Ast
Load :
Dead load = 1.3225 KN/m
Total load on span-1 (W1) = 22.2385 KN/m
Moment :
Moment on span-1 (M1) = 54.402516 KN-m
Support moment (Ms) = 72.302923 KN-m
Maximum moment occurs at support hence consider support moment for effective depth calculation
Factored moment at support (MuS) = 108.4544 KN-m
Minimum depth required to resist moment :
Factored moment at support= 0.138*fck*b*d*d
depth required = 413.33778 mm
revised effective depth (d) = 420 mm
Tension reinforcement :
Area of steel at support :
Factored moment at support= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.42Xu )
Ast = 166912.4 mm² Ast = 731.9433 mm²

Ast = 731.9433 mm²
No.of bars = 6.4750824
= 7 nos
provided area of steel = 791.28 mm²
Area of steel along span 1 :
Factored moment on span1 = 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.42Xu )
167096.8 mm² Ast = 547.5035 mm²

Ast = 547.5035 mm²
No.of bars = 4.8434491
= 5 nos
Factored moment on span 2 = 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.42Xu )
Ast = 167404.5 mm² Ast = 239.8412 mm²

Ast = 239.8412 mm²
No.of bars = 2.1217378
= 4 nos
Ultimate moment of resistance (MUR) for (XU=DF) = 0.36 fck bf Xu (d-0.42 Xu)
= 117.024042 KN-m
Hence Mus<MUR
Assume out of 3 bars of the tension reinforcement 1 bar is cranked at distance of (1/8)th from
the face of the support to counteract shear
Deflection check :
(L/d) Provided = 12.142857
(L/d) permitted = Reduction factor x basic value
Basic value for continuous beams = 26
Ratio of breadth of web to breadth of flange
(bw/bf) = 0.1433022
From fig 6 of IS 456:
Reduction factor = 0.8
(L/d) permitted = 20.8
Check for shear :
Factored shear force (Vu1) in span1= (W1 x L1)/2
= 85.062263 KN
= 85062.263 N
= 0.0538537 KN
= 53.853731 N
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.5637027 %
τc is calculated with respect to %Ast at support and fck from table 19 of IS 456
X = 0.563703
X1 = 0.48 X2 = 0.56 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.500385
Shear resistance by concrete = τc x b x d
= 48337.177 N
= 48.337177 KN
τv > τc hence design for shear
shear reinforcement required to carry (Vus) = Vu1 - ( τc x b x d)
= 36725.0857 N
= 36.7250857 KN
Assume shear taken by the cranked bars is 50% of Vus
Stirrups has to be designed to a shear of 18362.54 N
Assume 6 mm dia bars two legged vertical stirrups
Asv = 56.52 mm²
1. Spacing of stirrups as per design shear force:
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv x d)/(Vus)
= 344.5073 Mm
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 Mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 315 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at a spacing of 221.810283
Bar bending shedule :
Required data :
Effective span 1 (L1) = 5330 mm
Top cover = 40 mm
Bottom cover = 40 mm
Side cover = 40 mm
Support width = 230 mm
A.Main straight bar 12mm dia 2nos :
Length = Effective span(L1+L2)+2(support width/2)-2(side cover)
= 9550 mm
= 9.55 m
B.Main bent up bar 12mm dia 1nos :
Additional bent up length = 0.42 x d
where, d= (Depth of beam-top cover-bottom cover-1 dia of main bar))
= 364 mm
Length = Effective span(L1+L2)+2(support width/2)-2(side cover)+(4 x additional bent up length)
= 10161.52 mm
= 10.16152 m
C.Hanger bars 12mm dia 2nos :
= 9550 mm
= 9.55 m
D.Stirrups of 6mm dia at 220mm c/c :
Length = (2 x ((width of beam-(2 x side cover))+(depth of beam-top cover-bottom cover)))
= 140 mm
= 0.14 m
Spacing of stirrups = 220 mm
no.of bars = ((Effective span(L1+L2)+2(support width/2)-2(side cover))/(spacing))+1
= 44.40909 nos
= 45 nos
E.Additional main bar at support 12mm dia 1no :
Length = length of cranked bar at top portion
= (S1/8)+bw+(S2/8)-(2 x Additional bent up length)
= 1041.74 mm
= 1.04174 m
S.no Description Dia of bar Length of No of bars Total length Wt/meter

of bar in mm bar in m of bars in m in Kg/m
1 A 12 9.55 2 19.1 0.889
2 B 12 10.16152 2 20.32304 0.889
3 C 12 9.55 2 19.1 0.889
4 D 6 0.14 45 6.3 0.223
5 E 12 1.04174 1 1.04174 0.889
Total wt
=55KG
Hence steel required for all SIMPLY SUPPORTED T BEAM =55X2
=110 KG
RECTANGULAR
BEAM DESIGN 2
SPAN
(INPUT):
Clear span-1 (S1) = 5100 mm
Depth of web (or) rib (Dw) = 230 mm
Depth of flange (Df) = 130 mm
Breadth of web(bw) = 230 mm
Live load on span-1 (W1) = 10.31 KN/m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm²
Yeild stress in steel (fy) = 415 N/mm²
Effective cover (d') = 40 mm
Effective span :
(1/12) of clear span - 1 = (S1)/12
= 425 mm
(1/12) of clear span - 2 = (S2)/12
= 320 mm
Hence,
= 5420 mm
= 4160 mm
= 5330 mm
= 4070 mm
Load :
Moment :
Maximum moment occurs at support hence consider support moment for
effective depth calculation
d= 307.32263 mm
Ast = 112979.604 mm² Ast = 663.9687 mm²

No.of bars = 5.87375
= 6 nos
32.57298913 ( AstxAst ) + -111925.5 Ast + 40224465 : 0 (quadratic eq)
Ast = 113235.794 mm² Ast = 407.77846 mm²
No.of bars = 3.607382
= 4 nos
32.57298913 ( AstxAst ) + -111925.5 Ast + 18048614.4 : 0 (quadratic eq)
Ast = 113473.943 mm² Ast = 169.62958 mm²
No.of bars = 1.5006156
= 3 nos
Assume out of 3 bars of the tension reinforcement 1 bar is cranked at distance of (1/8)th from
the face of the support to counteract shear
(L/d) Provided = 17.193548
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.6341655 %
Modification Factor (M.F.) = 1.1 (input)
Check for shear :
= 49.144266 KN
= 49144.266 N
= 30.963797 KN
= 30963.797 N
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.5637027 %
X = 0.56370266
X1 = 0.48 X2 = 0.56 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.50038485
= 35677.44 N
= 35.67744 KN
= 13466.82563 N
= 13.46682563 KN
Asv = 56.52 mm²
= 939.498206 mm
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.810283 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 232.5 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm c/c
Required
data :
Top cover = 40 mm
Side cover = 40 mm
= 9550 mm
= 9.55 m
= 254 mm
= 9976.72 mm
= 9.97672 m
= 9550 mm
= 9.55 m
= 840 mm
= 0.84 m
= 48.75 nos
= 49 nos
= 1191.64 mm
= 1.19164 m
` Description Dia of bar Length of No of bars Total length Wt/meter Total weight
of bar in mm bar in m of bars in m in Kg/m kg
1 A 12 9.55 2 19.1 0.88888889 16.97777778
2 B 12 9.97672 2 19.95344 0.88888889 17.73639111
3 C 12 9.55 2 19.1 0.88888889 16.97777778
4 D 6 0.84 49 41.16 0.22222222 9.146666667
5 E 12 1.19164 1 1.19164 0.88888889 1.059235556
Total wt = 61.89784889
62
TOTAL
WEIGHT 2X62=124KG
RECTANGULAR BEAM
Assume
2
Breadth (B) = x 340
3
= 226.66≅ 230 mm
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm3 = 4100 mm
For Bm4 = 4600mm
For Bm5 = 4100 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
230 230
=4100+ + = 4330mm
2 2

4100+340 = 4440mm

230 230
(1)Centre to Centre distance =4600 + + = 4830 mm
2 2

230 230
2 2
(6) Clear span + effective depth =4100+340 =4440mm

=3.19 KN-m
Area effected on Bm 3 = 6.22 𝑚2
Not Fixed Load on Bm 3 (wl) =
6.22×8.47
=
5.00
= 10.53 KN/m
5.29×8.47
=
4.6
= 9.7KN/m
5.462×8.47
=
4.67
=9.88 KN/m
MOMENTS:
For Bm 3:
Mu = +
12 10
3.19 𝑋5.002 10.53𝑋 5.002

= +
12 10
= 33.02 KN-m
For Bm4:
Mu = +
12 10
3.19𝑋4.62 9.74𝑋 3.12
= +
16 12
=21.39 KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
3.19𝑋4.62 9.74𝑋 462
= − −
10 9
= -37.28KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
3.19𝑋4.672 9.88𝑋 4672
= − −
10 9
= 30.89 KN-m
For Bm5:
Mu = +
12 10
3.19𝑋4.672 9.88𝑋 4.672

= +
12 10
= 27.34KN-m
Max Negative Moment = 37.28KN-m

fy Ast
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd

415 x Ast
33.02 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 340 (1- )
20 x 230x340
Ast = 291.55 mm2

415 x Ast
37.28 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 340 (1- )
20 x 230x340
Ast = 333.15 mm2
No. of bars:
For maximum steel
No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
333.15
=𝜋
𝑋122
4
=2.15≅3 No’s
𝜋
Ast provided = 3x x122 = 339.29 mm2
4

mu = 0.138×fck×b ×d2
37.28×106= 0.138×20×230×d2
d =242.33 mm < 340 mm
hence it is safe
fy Ast
MR = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd
415×339.29
= 0.87× 415 × 339.29 ×340(1- )
20×230×340
=37.90 KN-m > 37.28 KN-m

For Bm3:
Vu =0.4 wdl +0.45 wl l
=0.4 X 3.19 X 5.00 + 0.45 X 10.53 X 5.00
= 30.07 KN
Vu =0.6wd l+0.6wl l
=0.6 X 3.19 X 5.00 + 0.6 X10.53 X 5.00
= 41.46 KN
For Bm4:
Vu =0.55 wd l+0.6wl l
=0.55 X 3.19 X 4.6 + 0.6 X 9.74 X 4.6
= 34.91 KN
=0.55 X 3.19 X 4.6 + 0.6 X 9.74 X 4.6
= 34.91 KN
For Bm5:
Vu =0.6wd l+0.6wl l
=0.6 X 3.19 X 4.67+ 0.6 X 9.88 X 4.67
=36.62 KN
=0.4 X 3.19 X 4.67 + 0.45 X 9.88 X 4.67
= 26.72 KN

vu
𝜏v =
𝑏𝑑
41.46𝑋 103
=
230 𝑋 340
= 0.53 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 122
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 340
= 0.28%

0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.08
𝜏c = 0.36 + X (0.25 – 0.28)
0.25
= 0.369
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 41.6 – 0.369(230 X 340)
= 12.72 KN
For stirrups:
Vus = 12.72/2
= 6.36 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
 Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62 𝑋 320
4
=
6.36 𝑋 103
= 150 mm
0.87fyAsv
 Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 mm ≅ 220mm
 0.75 x d = 0.75 X 320
= 240 mm
 300 mm

𝑙
Provided =5000/340= 14.77
𝑑
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Steel stress of service (fs) =0.58 × fy ×
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
333.15
= 0.58 × 415 ×
339.27
= 236.36 N/mm2
339.27
% of Ast = × 100
230×350
=0.32
From fig – 4 of IS 456 2000, modification factor =1.8
Max. permitted value = modification factor X basic value
= 1.45 X 26
= 37.7
13.02 < 37.7
BENDING SCHEDULE
2 Main bentup bar 12 1 16.31 16.31 0.88 14.35
3 Hanger bar 12 2 14.65 29.3 0.88 26.04
4 Stirrups 8 68 0.88 59.84 0.39 23.64
5 Additional steel
for negative
moment
(a)for 0.3l
10 1 5.845 5.845 0.61 3.56
(b)for 0.15l
10 1 3.21 3.21 0.61 1.95
Total: 96 KG
TOTAL AMOUNT OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR REC 2 BEAMS=96X2=192KG
=192 KG
STEP-1:
Safe load on footing
From column = 209.66KN
Column self weight=023X0.23X25X1.5
=1.98KN
From plinth beam
Load on BE = 0.6 X20.98X 4.33 =54.5 KN
Load on EH = 0.6 X 20.98 X 4.33 = 54.5KN
Load on FE = 0.5 X 21.4X5.33 = 57.03KN
Load on ED =0.5× 23.98×4.07 = 48.79 KN
Total load from plinth = 112.31 + 78.24+67.78
= 212.46 KN
Total safe load on plinth = 208.22+1.98+258.33
= 424.1 KN
424.1
Total working load on plinth = = 282.73KN
1.5
𝐹𝑦 = 415 N/𝑚𝑚2

10
I,e 𝑤𝑓 = 100x282.73 =28.273 KN
Total load = = 311.003 KN

Area of footing = 𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
311.03
= =2.07 𝑚2
150

=1.438m ≈ 1.5 m
Factor load = 1.5 x311.003
= 424.1 KN
STEP – 2
BENDING MOMENT :
Actual upward soil pressure (q) =𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
424.1𝑥103
= 1.6𝑋1.6
= 196 KN/𝑚2
Critical section for maximum B.M lies at the base of the column ( from clause 3.4.2.3.2 of IS 456)
Total force acting on the hatched area multiplied by distance between the C.G of force and face of the
column.
𝑞 × 𝑙 ×(𝑙−𝑎)2
B.M = 8
196 ×1.6×(1.6−0.23)2
= 8
= 57.16KN-m
STEP – 3
DEPTH OF FOOTING
 Considering b = 1600mm
B.M. = Q x b x𝑑2
57.16×106 = 2.76×1500×d2
d = 117.502 mm
depth footing = 2× (the least of the above)
= 2×117.502=250mm
STEP-4
REINFORCEMENT
𝑀𝑢𝑑 =0.87 x𝑓𝑦 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d (1-𝑓 )
𝑐𝑘 ×𝑏×𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 415
57.16x106 =0.87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 250 x(1- )
20 × 1500𝑋250
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 657.161 𝑚𝑚2
Assme # 16mm
657.161
No. of bars = π = 3.26 no.s ≅ 4no.s
×162
4
π
Actual Ast = 4×4 ×162 =804.25mm2
STEP 5
CHECK FOR SHEAR ONE WAY SHEAR

l−a
= q×l×[ 2
− 𝑑]
1.6−0.23
= 196×1.6×[ 2
− 0.34]
= 114.82KN
V
Nominal shear stress τv = bdu
114.82×103
= 1500×300
= 0.306N/mm2
804.24
Percentage of steel = 1500𝑋300 X 100
= 0.29%
τc = 0.33
Permissible shear stress (kτc) depending upon the thickness of slab, grade of
concrete and % of Ast
kτc = 1.12 X 0.33 = 0.369 N/mm2
τv < kτc
STEP 6

d
The critical plane lies at a distance of 2
around face of column
Shear acting on the hatched area = q × (l2-(a+d)2)
=0.189×(1.52-(0.23+0.25)2)
= 381.704KN
Area resisting the diagonal shear force = 4×(a+d)×effective depth
= 4×(230+250)×250
= 480000mm2
𝑞(𝑙 2 −(𝑎+𝑑)2 )
Nominal shear force τv =
4(𝑎+𝑑)𝑑
381.704X 103
= 480000
= 0.795N/mm2
ks = 0.5+βc
230
βc = 230
=1
ks = 0.5+1 = 1.5
τc = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 × √20 = 1.12N/mm2
Zp = ksτc = 0.795×1.12 = 0.8904N/mm2
STEP 7

Nominal shear stress = area of footing at top
282.73 X 103
= 230×230
= 5.35N/mm2
A
Permissible bearing stress = 0.45 × fck × √A1
2
(4×250+230)2
= 0.45×20×√ 230×230
= 48.06N/mm2

Superstructure height =3000mm
Basement height =600 mm
Depth of footing from G.L =1000 mm
Bottom cover of slab =20 mm
Projection of slab =150 mm
Holding into footing (40 x dia) =480 mm Size of column =230mm
Size of footing =1500 mm
Side cover for footing =50 mm
Side cover for column =40 mm
Bottom cover for footing =50 mm
A.Main straight bar in footing 10 mm dia at 210 mm c/c
Length = (size of footing –(2x side cover for footing)
= 1400 mm
=1.4 m
No .of layers
No of bars in each layer = length/spacing+1
= 7.67
= 8 nos
No of bars in both directions = 16 nos
B.Vertical bar in column 12mm dia 4 nos
Length=(holding into footing +(depth of footing from g.l. –bottom cover of footing )+
Basement height+super structure height +bottom cover of slab +prohection of slab
=5200 mm
C.Lateral ties 6 mm dia at 190 mm c/c
Length = (2x(width of lateral tie + depth of lateral tie +hook length)
=0.744m
Spacing of bars = 190 mm
No of bars = 26.57nos
=27 nos
Bar bending schedule :
S.no. Name of Dia of bar Length of No of Total Wt/meter Total

bar bar bars length in kg /m weight kg
1 A 10 1.4 18 25.2 0.617 15.55
2 B 12 5.2 4 20.8 0.888 19.55
3 C 6 0.744 27 20.88 0.222 4.576
TOTAL WT 39.676
=40KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR ALL COLUMNS =12X40 =480 KG

DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM ALONG
LONGER SPAN
Length of span 1 =4100 mm
Length of span 2 = 4600 mm
Length of span = 4100 mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS
For M20 , Fe415.
Qu=2.76
l
= 18.5
d
4600
d= = 257.83mm ≅ 260 mm
18.5
Effective depth = 260mm

Overall depth = 260 + 30 = 290mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS
(16) Centre to centre distance = 4600 +
230 = 4830 mm
(17) Clear span + effective depth = 4600 +
290 = 4890 mm

LOADS
Dead load = 0.23 × 0.3 × 25 = 1.725 KN/m
Imposed load = (width of wall × height of wall × sp.wt of brick masonry x
wall thickness )/span = (5.0× 3.9 × 19 ) - .18)/5.0 = 17.04 KN/m
Factored Dead load =1.725 x 1.5 =2.9 KN/m

Factored Live load = 1.5 × 17.04= 25.56KN/m
Total load = 28.46 KN/M
MOMENTS
POSITIVE MOMENT AT SUPPORT AB :-
𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2
Mu =
12
28.46 𝑋5.02
=
12
= 59.1 Kn-m
NEGATIVE MOMENT AT SUPPORT AB :-
𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2
Mu =
10
28.46 𝑋5.02
=
10
= 71.15KN-m
Max Moment =71.15 KN-m
DEPTH OF SECTION:-
Mud = Mu(limit)
71.1 × 106 = Qubd2
71.1 × 106 = 2.76 × 230 × d2
71.1×106
d= √
2.76×230
D = 330 + 30
D = 360 mm
Hence the revised depth d = 330mm
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT AT AB :-
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
71.1× 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 330 [1 − ]
20×230×330
Ast = 757 mm2
Assume # 16mm
A𝑠𝑡 757
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 3.48 ≅ 4 nos
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×162
4
𝜋
Ast = 4× × 162 = 804.25mm2
4
So provide 4 # 16mm
CURTAILMENT
These bars are provided over the internal support
, these bars are placed parallel to the main bars 100% of bars are provided to a
distance of 0.15l on either side from face of support and 50% of bars are taken to
a distance of 0.3l on either side from face of support.
AT CB3
 From span CC3 and CB3
0.15 l = 0.15 × 5000
= 750 mm
0.3 l = 0.3 × 5000
= 1500 mm
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
59.1 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 330 [1 − ]
20×230×330
Ast = 600mm2
Assume # 16mm
A𝑠𝑡 600
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 2.82 ≅ 3 no.s
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×162
4
𝜋
Ast = 3× × 162 = 603.A85mm2
4
So provide 3 # 16mm
SHEAR CHECK
Shear force (Vu) = 0.6 x wl

=0.6x 28.46 x5.0
=85.38 KN
𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
85.38𝑥103
=
230𝑥330
= 1.11 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% Of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 330
= 0.92 %
0.75 - 0.56
0.100 - 0.62
0.06
𝜏c = 0.56 + X .17
0.25
= 0.6008N/𝑚𝑚2
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 85.38X 103 – 0.6008(230 X 330)
=39.77KN
Assume bent up bars are taken 50% of shear
𝜋
= 0.87 X 415 X (2 X 𝑋122 ) sin 45°
4
= 57.75KN
For stirrups:
57.75
Vus =
2
= 28.875 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82 𝑋 330
4
=
28.46𝑋 103
= 421.24 ≅ 420 mm
0.87fyAsv
Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 394.529 ≅ 390 mm
0.75 x d = 0.75 X 320
= 240 mm
300 mm
2 Main bentup bar 16 1 14.75 14.75 0.88 23.30
3 Hanger bar 10 2 13.9 27.98 0.61 17.06
4 Stirrups 8 60 1.19 71.52 0.39 27.89
5 Additional steel
for negative
moment
(a)for 0.3l
16 2 5.845 11.6 1.58 18.75
(b)for 0.15l
16 2 3.21 6.3 1.58 9.95
TOTAL: 142 KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR PLINTH BEAM SIDE=142X3=426 `KG
RC LINTEL
DESIGN :-
Required data :
Width of opening (S) = 1500 mm
Bearing on each side (b) = 150 mm
Height of masonry above opening (H) = 1500 mm
Wall thickness (Tw) = 230 mm
Masonry weight = 19 KN/m³
Stiffness factor (S.f.) = 12
(L/d) = 12
d = 125 mm
Effective span :
= 1620 mm
= 1730 mm
h = l x SIN 60
h = 1402.961 mm
h = 1.402961 m
(1.25 x h) < H
1.753701 < 1.5 m
Load:
= 1.567191 KN-m
= 3.041930799 KN
d= 70.267988 mm
Steel required:
Ast
Ast = 43767.213 mm² = 57.58177564 mm²
Ast = 57.581776 mm²
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 58.885542 mm²
= 2 < 3nos
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
= 160.46667
Check for shear:
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.46 X2 = 0.54 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.416499 N/mm²
Shear resistance by concrete = τc x b xd
= 11495.36 N
= 11.49536 KN
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6 mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 90mm c/c
DESIGN OF SUNSHADE
EFFECTIVE DEPTH:
By stiffness considerations,
𝑙
Assume 𝑑=8
600
d = =75 mm
8
Assume effective cover 25 mm

Overall depth D = 75 + 25 = 100 mm
Dead load on sunshade = 0.075x 0.6 x 1.3 x 25
= 1.46 KN
EFFECTIVE SPAN:
230
3. 600 + =715 mm
2
4. 600 + 75 = 675 mm
Provide L = 675 mm
1.46
Load on sunshade W =0.675 = 2.16 KN / m
𝑊 × 𝑙2
Moment on sunshade = 2
2.16 𝑋 0.6752
= = 0.49 KN – m
2
MAIN STEEL:
𝐴𝑠𝑡 required to resist maximum B.M
fy Ast
Mu= 0.87fyAstd[1 − f ]
ckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
0.49 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 75 [1 − ]
20×230×75
Ast = 18.5 𝑚𝑚2
Minimum 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.12% of gross section

0.12
= 100 x 1000 x 75
= 90 mm2
Assume 6 mm dia bars ,

90
𝜋 =3.18 ≅ 4 No’ s
×62
4
𝜋
Ast provided = 4 ×4 ×62
= 113.1 mm2
Main steel :
Spacing of bars
 = x 1000
ast provided
𝜋
𝑋62
4
= 113.1
= 249.99 ≅ 250 mm
 = 3d
= 3x 75
= 225 mm
 =300 mm
So provide 6 mm dia. stirrups at 225 mm c/c
DISTRIBUTION STEEL:
Minimum 𝐴𝑠𝑡 provided =113.1 𝑚𝑚2
Spacing of bars:
 = x 1000
ast provided
𝜋
𝑥62
4
= 113.1
=249.99 mm ≅ 250 𝑚𝑚
 =5d
= 5x 75
= 375 mm
 = 450 mm
So provide 6 mm dia distribution steel at 250 mm c/c

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR SUNSHADE
TOTAL
TOTAL UNIT WEIGHT
1 MAIN STEEL 6 36 0.936 33.8 0.22 7.44
DISTRIBUTION
2 STEEL 6 36 0.96 34.56 0.22 7.6
TOTAL 15.04 Kg
DESIGN OF SLABS
FOR PANNEL 4
Longer span 4900
LONGER SPAN BY SHORTER SPAN RATIO = Shorter span = 4440
=1.103
Lx
43 = 𝑑
4440
𝑑=
43
d =103.4mm~ 105mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN:
= 4900 + 105
= 5005 mm
= longer span + centre to centre distance
= 4900+230/2+230/2
= 5130 mm
Ly = 5005 mm
= 4440 + 105
= 4545 mm
= 4440 + 230/2+230/2 = 4670 mm
Provide whichever is least
Total depth = Effective cover + cover +dia of bar
= 105 + 20 +10/2 = 130 mm
LOADING:
Roof slab = 1.8 KN /M
Dead load = 25 x 1 x 0.13 = 3.25 KN/M
Total load =1.8 + 0.6 +3.25 = 5.65 KN/M
DESIGN COEFFICIENTS
Lx =4.545m
Ly = 5.005m
Ly/Lx = 5.005/4.545= 1.102
Positive moment:
αx = 0.04012
αy = 0.035
Negative moment:
αx = 0.0532
αy = 0.047
Positive moments:
= 0.04012 x 8.475 x 4.542
= 7.02KN-M
= 0.035 x 8.47 x 4.542
= 6.09KN-M
Negative moments:
= 0.0532 x 8.47 x 4.542
= 9.21 KN-M
= 0.047 x 8.47 x 4.542
= 8.21 KN-M
Mu = mu limit
9.21 x 10⁶ = 0.138 x fck x 𝑏𝑑2
9.21 x 10⁶ = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x 𝑑2
d = 57.92 mm
Negative reinforcement: (-mx)

fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- fck bd
)
415 x ast
9.21 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- 20 x 100x1000 )
Ast = 255.87𝑚𝑚2 .
255.87
Number of bars = π
×82
4
= 6 nos
Spacing of bars:
 = ast required
x 1000 = mm ≅ 120 mm
 =3d = 3x100 = 300mm

 =300mm
(-my)
fy ast
)
415 x ast
8.18 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- 20 x 105x1000 )
Ast =225.85𝑚𝑚2.
225.85
×82
4

Spacing of bars:
 = ast required
x 1000 = 110 mm
 = 3d = 3x100 = 300mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 110mm c/c

(+mx)
fy ast
)
415 x ast
7.02x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- 20 x 100x1000 )
Ast= 192.49𝑚𝑚2 .
192.49
Number of bars = 50.265 = 4 no’s
Ast provided =201.062 𝑚𝑚2.

Spacing of bars:
ast of bar
 = x 1000
ast required
= 100 mm Type equation here.

= 3d
 = 3x100
=300mm
 =300mm
(+my)
fy ast
)
415 x ast
6.09x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- 20 x 105x1000 )
Ast = 166.09𝑚𝑚2.
= o.12/100 x 130x1000
= 156𝑚𝑚2 .
156
Number of bars = ( 50.265 )
= 4nos
Spacing of bars:
Spacing of bars:
 = ast required
x 1000 = mm ≅ 120 mm
 =3d = 3x100 = 300mm
 =300mm
(-my)
fy ast
)
415 x ast
8.18 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- )
20 x 105x1000
Ast =225.85𝑚𝑚2.
225.85
×82
4

Spacing of bars:
 = ast required
x 1000 = 110 mm
 = 3d = 3x100 = 300mm
 =300mm
Spacing = 110mm c/c

(+mx)
fy ast
)
415 x ast
7.02x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- 20 x 100x1000 )
Ast= 192.49𝑚𝑚2 .
192.49
Number of bars = 50.265 = 4 no’s
 ast required
x 1000
Ast provided =201.062 𝑚𝑚2.

Spacing of bars:
ast of bar
 = x 1000
ast required
= 100 mm Type equation here.
= 3d
 = 3x100
=300mm
 =300mm
(+my)
fy ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d (1- )
fck bd
415 x ast
6.09x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 100 (1- 20 x 105x1000 )
Ast = 166.09𝑚𝑚2.
= o.12/100 x 130x1000
= 156𝑚𝑚2 .
156
Number of bars = ( 50.265 )
= 4nos
Spacing of bars:
 ast required
x 1000
= 128.88 mm ≅ 120mm
= 3d
 = 3x100
=300mm
 300mm
Provide 4 no’s 8 mm ∅ @ 300 mm c/c
DEFELECTION CHECK:
fs = 0.58 fy Area of cross−section of steel provided
fs = 0.58 x 415 x (255.87/301.59)

= 204.21 N/𝑚𝑚2

BD
=0.24%
Maximum permitted value = 1.75 x Basic value (From figure 4 of IS 456:2000)
= 1.75x 26
=45.5
43<45.5
Check for shear :

Factored shear force (Vu) =19.KN (W x Lx)/2
Nominal shear stress (τv) = (Vu/(bxd))
% Ast at support =(As/(bxd))X100 =0.25
Shear stress of concrete (τc) =
Check-1: τv < kτc
From clause 40.2.1.1 of IS 456 k value less than 150mm over all depth=1
kτc = 0.28
Check-2: τv < (1/2) τc max
1.6 N/mm2
(1/2) τc max =
Torsion reinforcement :
The torsion steel should be provided to within 0.2Lx =
1 .At the edge of both directions discontinuous provide 75% of steel along shorter direction
Area of each layer of reinforcement =
2 .At the edge of one directions discontinuous provide 37.5% of steel along shorter direction
Area of each layer of reinforcement =
3 .Torsion reinforcement shall not be be provided in a continuous edge
Note :
1.The tension reinforcement shall be extend in the lower part of the slab to within 0.25L
of a continuous edge, or 0.15L of a discontinuous edge
2.over continuous edges of a middle strip, the tension reinforcement shall extend in the
upper part of the slab at a distance of 0.15L from the support and atlest 50% shall extend
a distance of 0.3L
3.0ver discontinuous edge 50%of the tension reinforcement shall extend in the upper
part at a distance of 0.1L
4.Here 'L' indicates span in direction

Dia of Length Total
S.no Description bar of No of length Wt/meter Total
in bar in of bars in weight
of bar mm m bars m in Kg/m Kg
1 A (1) 8 8.95 21 187.95 0.39 73.3
2 A (2) 8 8.95 15 134.25 0.39 52.3
3 B (1) 8 9.158 19 174.002 0.39 67.8
4 B (2) 8 9.158 7 64.106 0.39 25
5 C (1) 8 14.45 10 144.5 0.39 56.3
6 C (2) 8 14.45 11 158.95 0.39 61.4
7 D (1) 8 14.618 8 116.944 0.39 45.6
8 D (2) 8 14.618 3 43.854 0.39 17.1
9 E (a) 8 8.95 12 107.4 0.39 41.8
10 E (b) 8 14.45 12 173.4 0.39 67.62
11 F (a-1) 8 2.3705 21 49.7805 0.39 19.414
12 F (a-2) 8 4.511 19 85.709 0.39 33.42
13 F (b-1) 10 1.3155 26 34.203 0.61 20.86
14 F (b-2) 10 2.861 24 68.664 0.61 28.74
15 G (a) 6 0.89 112 99.68 0.22 21.9
16 G (b) 6 0.89 64 56.96 0.22 12.5
Total wt = 427.09
= 428 Kg
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR SLAB IS 428 KG
DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS T-BEAM
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm11 = 4770 mm
For Bm12 = 4370 mm
For Bm13 = 4440 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
230 230
Centre to Centre distance =4770+ + = 5000 mm
2 2
Clear span + effective depth = 4770+300 = 5070 mm

230 230
Centre to Centre distance = 4370+ + = 4600mm
2 2
Clear span + effective depth = 4370+300 = 4670 mm

230 230
2 2
(8) Clear span + effective depth =4440+300 =4740mm

=12.26x 8.47
= 103.84 KN
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
=
103.84
=
5.0
=20.76 KN/m
Area effected on Bm12 = 10.51𝑚2

=10.51 x 8.47
= 89.07 KN
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
=
89.07
=
4.6
=19.36 KN/m

=10.82x 8.47
= 91.64KN
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
=
91.64
=
4.67
=19.62 KN/m
l
Assume = 17
d
4770
d= = 280.58≅ 300mm
17
Effective depth (d) = 300mm

2
Breadth (B) = x 300
3
= 200≅ 230 mm
LOADS:
Dead load = 0.23 x 0.33 x 1 x 25 = 1.89 KN/m
Factored dead load = 1.5 x 1.955
= 2.84 KN/m
Imposed load on Bm11 =20.76 KN/m
Total load on Bm10 (w1) = 20.76 + 2.84
= 23.6 KN
Total load on Bm12 (W2) = 19.36 + 2.84
= 22.22 KN

Total load on Bm13 (w3) = 19.62 + 2.84
=22.46KN

AS PER IS 456:2000 CLAUSE: 23.1.2
L0 =0.7 X Eff. span
L0
6
Case (i)
5000
For Bm11 = + 230 + 6 x130
6
= 1843.33≅ 1850 mm
4600
For Bm9 = + 230 + 6 x130
6
= 1776.66≅1780 mm
4670
For Bm8 = + 230 + 6 x130
6
= 1790 mm
Case (ii)
5000+5030+4865
Bf =
3
= 4865≅ 4970 mm
Effective breadth = least of above 2 cases =1780 mm
For xu:
0.36 x 20 x 1780 x Xu = 0.87 x415 x Ast
0.87 x415 x Ast
Xu =
0.36 x 20 x 1780
= 0.027Ast
MOMENTS:
For Bm11:
Mu = +
12 10
2.84 𝑋4.772 20.76𝑋 4.772

= +
12 10
= 52.61 KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
2.84 𝑋4.772 20.76𝑋 4.772
= − −
10 9
= 58.94 KN-m
For Bm12:
Mu = +
12 10
2.84 𝑋4.372 19.36𝑋 4.372
= +
12 10
= 41.48KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
2.84 𝑋4.372 19.36𝑋 4.372
= − −
10 9
= 46.49 KN-m
For Bm13:
Mu = +
12 10
2.84 𝑋4.442 19.62𝑋 4.442

= +
12 10
= 43.33 KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
2.84 𝑋4.442 19.62𝑋 4.442
= − −
10 9
= 48.56KN-m

52.61x106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x[300-0.42x0.027Ast]
Ast = 485.73 mm2
58.94x106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x[300-0.42x0.027st]
Ast = 544.18mm2
No. of bars:
No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
485.73
=𝜋
𝑋162
4
=2.77≅3 No’s
𝜋
4

No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
544.18
=𝜋
𝑋162
4
=2.75≅3No’s
𝜋
Ast provided = 3x x162=603.18mm2
4

Xu=0.027Ast
=0.027X603.18
=16.30 mm
= 0.36X20X1780X16.30[300-0.42X16.30]
=61.20 > 52.61 KN-m
For Bm11:
Vu =0.4wl+0.45wl
=0.4 X 2.84X 5.0 + 0.45 X 20.76 X 5.0
= 50.55 KN
Vu =0.6wl+0.6wl
=0.6 X 2.84 X 5.0 + 0.6 X 20.76 X 5.0
= 70.8 KN
For Bm12:
Vu =0.55 wl+0.6wl
=0.55 X 2.84 X 4.6 + 0.6 X 19.36 X 4.6
= 58.44 KN
Vu =0.55wl+0.6wl
=0.55 X 2.84 X 4.6 + 0.6 X 19.36 X 4.6
= 60.61 KN
For Bm13:
Vu =0.6wl+0.6wl
=0.6 X 2.84X 4.67 + 0.6 X 19.63 X 4.67
=62.96 kn
Vu =0.4wl+0.45wl
=0.4 X 2.84 X 4.67 + 0.45 X 19.63 X 4.67
= 46.55 KN

vu
𝜏v =
𝑏𝑑
62.96𝑋 103
=
230 𝑋 300
= 1.00 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 300
= 0.58 %

0.50 - 0.48
0.75 - 0.56
0.08
𝜏c = 0.48 + X (0.58 – 0.50)
0.25
= 0.51
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 62.96 X 103 – 0.51(230 X 300)
= 28.77 KN
Assume bentup bars are taken 50% of shear
𝜋
= 0.87 X 415 X (1 X 𝑋162 )
4
= 51.33 KN
For stirrups:
28.77
Vus =
2
= 14.38KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82 𝑋 300
4
=
14.38𝑋 103
= 425.72≅430 mm
0.87fyAsv
Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 3940529 ≅ 390 mm
0.75 x d = 0.75 X 300
= 225 ≅ 220 mm
300 mm

𝑙 4770
= = 16.00
𝑑 300
𝜋
3𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 300
= 0.87 %
557.119
Fs = 0.58 X 415 X
603.186
= 222.317 N/mm2
Max. permitted value = MF X basic value
= 1.25 X 26
= 32.5
16.47 < 32.5

2 Main bentup bar 16 1 14.68 14.68 1.58 22.00
3 Hanger bar 10 2 13.9 27.98 0.61 16.9

4 Stirrups 8 65 1.15 70.75 0.39 27.59
5 Additional steel
for negative
moment
(a)for 0.3l
16 1 5.845 5.845 1.58 9.2
(b)for 0.15l
16 1 3.21 3.21 1.58 4.5
TOTAL : 120 KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR CONTINUOUS T BEAM IS 120 KG
T-BEAM DESIGN
Depth of web (or) rib (Dw) = 230 mm
Depth of flange (Df) = 130 mm
Live load on span-1 (W1) = 17.36 KN/M
Live load on span-2 (W2) = 19.77 KN/M
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Yeild stress in steel (fy) = 415 N/mm2
Effective span :
(1/12) of clear span - 1 = (S1)/12
= 322.5 mm
(1/12) of clear span - 2 = (S2)/12
= 370 mm
Hence,
= 4190 mm
= 4760 mm
= 4100 mm
= 4670 mm
Breadth of flange :
1. (Lo/6)+bw+6bf = 1461.5 mm
2. ((L1+L2)/2)+bW = 4385 mm
Breadth of flange (bf) is taken as 1461.5 mm
Assume the neutral axis lies within the flange
Now equate compressive force to tensile force
0.36 fck bf Xu = 0.87 fy Ast
Xu = 0.0343112 Ast
Load :
Dead load = 1.3225 KN/M
Total load on span-1 (W1) = 18.6825 KN/M
Total load on span-2 (W2) = 21.0925 KN/M
Moment :
Moment on span-1 (M1) = 25.999898 KN-M
Moment on span-2 (M2) = 38.973787 KN-M
Support moment (Ms) = 34.975742 KN-M
Factored moment at support (MuS) = 52.46361 KN-M
Factored moment at support= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.42Xu )
Ast = 114252.3 mm2 Ast = 514.2024 mm2
Ast = 514.2024 mm2
No.of bars = 4.5488534
= 5 nos
provided area of steel = 565.2 mm2
Factored moment on span1 = 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.42Xu )
114386.8 mm2 Ast = 379.6372 mm2
Ast = 379.6372 mm2
No.of bars = 3.3584326
= 4 nos
Factored moment on span 2 = 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.42Xu )
Ast = 114191.7 mm2 Ast = 574.7552 mm2
Ast = 574.7552 mm2
No.of bars = 5.0845292
= 7 nos
Ultimate moment of resistance (MUR) for (XU=DF) = 0.36 fck bf Xu (d-0.42 Xu)
= 57.5168841 KN-M
Hence Mus<MUR
Assume out of 3 bars of the tension reinforcement 1 bar is cranked at distance of (1/8)th from the fac
e of the support to counteract shear
Deflection check :
(L/d) Provided = 13.344828
(L/d) permitted = Reduction factor x basic value
Basic value for continuous beams = 26
Ratio of breadth of web to breadth of flange
(bw/bf) = 0.1573726
From fig 6 of IS 456:
Reduction factor = 0.8
Check for shear :
Ast at support = 401.92 mm2
= 54.225956 KN
= 54225.956 N
= 0.0738765 KN
= 73.876481 N
Nominal shear stress (τv) = (Vu/(bxd)) 0.812983 N/mm2
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.5637027 %
X = 0.563703
X1 = 0.48 X2 = 0.56 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.500385
= 33375.67 N
= 33.37567 KN
= 20850.2866 N
= 20.8502866 KN
Stirrups has to be designed to a shear of 10425 N
Asv = 56.52 mm2
= 606.8134 mm
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 217.5 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at a spacing of 220mmc/c
Required data :
Top cover = 40 mm
Side cover = 40 mm
= 8920 mm
= 8.92 m
= 234 mm
= 9313.12 mm
= 9.31312 m
= 8920 mm
= 8.92 m
= 140 mm
= 0.14 m
= 41.54545 nos
= 42 nos
= 1072.19 mm
= 1.07219 m
:
of
S.NO. bar in mm bar in m Length Total length Unit weight Total weight
1 A 12 8.92 2 17.84 0.88888889 15.85778
2 B 12 9.31312 2 18.62624 0.88888889 16.55666
3 C 12 8.92 2 17.84 0.88888889 15.85778
4 D 6 0.14 42 5.88 0.22222222 1.306667
5 E 12 1.07219 1 1.07219 0.88888889 0.953058
Total wt = 50.35
51kg
Hence steel required for all SIMPLY SUPPORTED T BEAM =51X2
=102 KG
RECTANGULAR BEAM
Assume
2
Breadth (B) = x 340
3
= 226.66≅ 230 mm
CLEAR SPANS:
For Bm3 = 4770 mm
For Bm4 = 4370 mm
For Bm5 = 4440 mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS:
230 230
=4770+ + = 5000mm
2 2

4770+340 = 5110mm

230 230
(1)Centre to Centre distance =4300 + + = 4600 mm
2 2

230 230
2 2
(10) Clear span + effective depth
=4440+340 =4780mm

=3.19 KN-m
Not Fixed Load on Bm 3 (wl) =
6.22×8.47
=
5.00
= 10.53 KN/m

5.29×8.47
=
4.6
= 9.7KN/m
5.462×8.47
=
4.67
=9.88 KN/m
MOMENTS:
For Bm 3:
Mu = +
12 10
3.19 𝑋5.002 10.53𝑋 5.002
= +
12 10
= 33.02 KN-m
For Bm4:
Mu = +
12 10
3.19𝑋4.62 9.74𝑋 3.12
= +
16 12
=21.39 KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
3.19𝑋4.62 9.74𝑋 462

= − −
10 9
= -37.28KN-m
Mu = − −
10 9
3.19𝑋4.672 9.88𝑋 4672

= − −
10 9
= 30.89 KN-m
For Bm5:
Mu = +
12 10
3.19𝑋4.672 9.88𝑋 4.672
= +
12 10
= 27.34KN-m
Max Negative Moment = 37.28KN-m

fy Ast
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd

415 x Ast
33.02 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 340 (1- )
20 x 230x340
Ast = 291.55 mm2

415 x Ast
37.28 x 10⁶ = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 340 (1- )
20 x 230x340
Ast = 333.15 mm2
No. of bars:
For maximum steel
No. of bars= 𝜋
𝑋𝑑 2
4
333.15
=𝜋
𝑋122
4
=2.15≅3 No’s
𝜋
Ast provided = 3x x122 = 339.29 mm2
4

mu = 0.138×fck×b ×d2
37.28×106= 0.138×20×230×d2
d =242.33 mm < 340 mm
hence it is safe
fy Ast
MR = 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
fck bd
415×339.29
= 0.87× 415 × 339.29 ×340(1- )
20×230×340
=37.90 KN-m > 37.28 KN-m

For Bm3:
Vu =0.4 wdl +0.45 wl l
=0.4 X 3.19 X 5.00 + 0.45 X 10.53 X 5.00
= 30.07 KN
Vu =0.6wd l+0.6wl l
=0.6 X 3.19 X 5.00 + 0.6 X10.53 X 5.00
= 41.46 KN
For Bm4:
Vu =0.55 wd l+0.6wl l
=0.55 X 3.19 X 4.6 + 0.6 X 9.74 X 4.6
= 34.91 KN
=0.55 X 3.19 X 4.6 + 0.6 X 9.74 X 4.6
= 34.91 KN
For Bm5:
Vu =0.6wd l+0.6wl l
=0.6 X 3.19 X 4.67+ 0.6 X 9.88 X 4.67
=36.62 KN
=0.4 X 3.19 X 4.67 + 0.45 X 9.88 X 4.67
= 26.72 KN

vu
𝜏v =
𝑏𝑑
41.46𝑋 103
=
230 𝑋 340
= 0.53 N/mm2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 122
4
% of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 340
= 0.28%

0.25 - 0.36
0.50 - 0.48
0.08
𝜏c = 0.36 + X (0.25 – 0.28)
0.25
= 0.369
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 41.6 – 0.369(230 X 340)
= 12.72 KN
For stirrups:
Vus = 12.72/2
= 6.36 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
 Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62 𝑋 320
4
=
6.36 𝑋 103
= 150 mm
0.87fyAsv
 Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 62
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 221.92 mm ≅ 220mm
 0.75 x d = 0.75 X 320
= 240 mm
 300 mm

𝑙
Provided =5000/340= 14.77
𝑑
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
Steel stress of service (fs) =0.58 × fy ×
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
333.15
= 0.58 × 415 ×
339.27
= 236.36 N/mm2
339.27
% of Ast = × 100
230×350
=0.32
From fig – 4 of IS 456 2000, modification factor =1.8
Max. permitted value = modification factor X basic value
= 1.45 X 26
= 37.7
13.02 < 37.7
2 Main bentup bar 12 1 16.31 16.31 0.88 14.35
3 Hanger bar 12 2 14.65 29.3 0.88 26.04
4 Stirrups 8 68 0.88 59.84 0.39 23.64
5 Additional steel
for negative
moment
(a)for 0.3l
10 1 5.845 5.845 0.61 3.56
(b)for 0.15l
10 1 3.21 3.21 0.61 1.95
Total: 96kg
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR RECTANGULAR CONTINUOUS BEAM =96X2
=192 KG
RECTANGULAR BEAM
Rectangular beam design:

Required data :
Stiffness factor (S.F.) = 15
(L/d) = 15
(Sx1/S.F.)
d = = 258 mm
effective depth = 258 mm
revised effective depth= 260 mm
Over all depth = 300 mm
Effective span :
(1/12) of clear span - 1 = (S1)/12
= 322.5 mm
(1/12) of clear span - 2 = (S2)/12
= 370 mm
Hence,
= 4170 mm
= 4740 mm
= 4100 mm
= 4670 mm
Load :
Moment :
d= 213.7166 mm
32.57298913 ( AstxAst ) + -79431 Ast + 28994342.3 : 0 (quadratic eq)
Ast = 80203.34 mm² Ast = 446.9416 mm²
No.of bars = 3.9538358
= 4 nos
Ast = 80376.25 mm² Ast = 274.0253 mm²
No.of bars = 2.4241444
= 3 nos
Ast = 80198.93 mm² Ast = 451.3508 mm²
No.of bars = 3.9928413
= 5 nos
(L/d) Provided = 18.636364
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.670198 %
Check for shear :
= 31.749375 KN
= 31749.375 N
= 40.646513 KN
= 40646.513 N
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.5637027 %
X = 0.563703
X1 = 0.48 X2 = 0.56 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.500385
= 25319.474 N
= 25.319474 KN
= 6429.90145 N
= 6.42990145 KN
Asv = 56.52 mm²
= 1396.426 mm
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 165 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Shedule of reinforcement :
Required data :
Top cover = 40 mm
Side cover = 40 mm
= 8920 mm
= 8.92 m
= 164 mm
= 9195.52 mm
= 9.19552 m
= 8920 mm
= 8.92 m
= 660 mm
= 0.66 m
= 45.6 nos
= 46 nos
= 1188.49 mm
= 1.18849 M

Dia
of Total
S.no Description bar Length of No of bars length Wt/meter Total weight
in of bars in
of bar mm bar in m m in Kg/m kg
1 A 12 8.92 2 17.84 0.888889 15.85777778
2 B 12 9.19552 2 18.39104 0.888889 16.34759111
3 C 12 8.92 2 17.84 0.888889 15.85777778
4 D 6 0.66 46 30.36 0.222222 6.746666667
5 E 12 1.18849 1 1.18849 0.888889 1.056435556
TOTAL = 56 kg
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED SIMPLY SUPPORTED RECTANGULAR BEAM =56X2=112 KG

DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM ALONG
LONGER SPAN
Length of span 1 =4770 mm
Length of span 2 = 4370 mm
Length of span = 4440 mm
DESIGN CONSTANTS
For M20 , Fe415.
Qu=2.76
l
= 18.5
d
4770
d= = 257.83mm ≅ 260 mm
18.5
Effective depth = 260mm

Overall depth = 260 + 30 = 290mm
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS
(20) Centre to centre distance = 4770 +
230 = 5000 mm
(21) Clear span + effective depth = 4770 +
290 = 5060 mm

LOADS
Dead load = 0.23 × 0.3 × 25 = 1.725 KN/m
Imposed load = (width of wall × height of wall × sp.wt of brick masonry x
wall thickness )/span = (5.0× 3.9 × 19 ) - .18)/5.0 = 17.04 KN/m
Factored Dead load =1.725 x 1.5 =2.9 KN/m

Factored Live load = 1.5 × 17.04= 25.56KN/m
Total load = 28.46 KN/M
MOMENTS
POSITIVE MOMENT AT SUPPORT AB :-
𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2
Mu =
12
28.46 𝑋5.02
=
12
= 59.1 Kn-m
NEGATIVE MOMENT AT SUPPORT AB :-
𝑓𝑑 𝑙 2
Mu =
10
28.46 𝑋5.02
=
10
= 71.15KN-m
Max Moment =71.15 KN-m
DEPTH OF SECTION:-
Mud = Mu(limit)
71.1 × 106 = Qubd2
71.1 × 106 = 2.76 × 230 × d2
71.1×106
d= √
2.76×230
D = 330 + 30
D = 360 mm
Hence the revised depth d = 330mm
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT AT AB :-
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
71.1× 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 330 [1 − ]
20×230×330
Ast = 757 mm2
Assume # 16mm
A𝑠𝑡 757
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 3.48 ≅ 4 nos
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×162
4
𝜋
Ast = 4× × 162 = 804.25mm2
4
So provide 4 # 16mm
CURTAILMENT
These bars are provided over the internal support
, these bars are placed parallel to the main bars 100% of bars are provided to a
distance of 0.15l on either side from face of support and 50% of bars are taken to
a distance of 0.3l on either side from face of support.
AT CB3
 From span CC3 and CB3
0.15 l = 0.15 × 5000
= 750 mm
0.3 l = 0.3 × 5000
= 1500 mm
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
fy Ast
Mu = 0.87fyAstd[1 − ]
fckbd
415×𝐴𝑠𝑡
59.1 × 106 = 0.87× 415 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 330 [1 − ]
20×230×330
Ast = 600mm2
Assume # 16mm
A𝑠𝑡 600
No. of bars = =𝜋 = 2.82 ≅ 3 no.s
𝑎𝑠𝑡 ×162
4
𝜋
Ast = 3× × 162 = 603.A85mm2
4
So provide 3 # 16mm
SHEAR CHECK
Shear force (Vu) = 0.6 x wl

=0.6x 28.46 x5.0
=85.38 KN
𝑉𝑢
𝑏𝑑
85.38𝑥103
=
230𝑥330
= 1.11 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝜋
2𝑋 𝑋 162
4
% Of AST = X 100
230 𝑋 330
= 0.92 %

0.75 - 0.56
0.100 - 0.62
0.06
𝜏c = 0.56 + X .17
0.25
= 0.6008N/𝑚𝑚2
𝜏v > 𝜏c
VUS = VU - 𝜏c bd
= 85.38X 103 – 0.6008(230 X 330)
=39.77KN
Assume bent up bars are taken 50% of shear
𝜋
= 0.87 X 415 X (2 X 𝑋122 ) sin 45°
4
= 57.75KN
For stirrups:
57.75
Vus =
2
= 28.875 KN
Spacing:
0.87fyAsv 𝑑
Sv =
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82 𝑋 330
4
=
28.46𝑋 103
= 421.24 ≅ 420 mm
0.87fyAsv
Sv =
0.4𝑏
𝜋
0.87 𝑋 415 𝑋 2 𝑋 𝑋 82
4
=
0.4 𝑋 230
= 394.529 ≅ 390 mm
0.75 x d = 0.75 X 320
= 240 mm
300 mm

2 Main bentup bar 16 1 14.75 14.75 0.88 23.30
3 Hanger bar 10 2 13.9 27.98 0.61 17.06
4 Stirrups 8 60 1.19 71.52 0.39 27.89
5 Additional steel
for negative
moment
(a)for 0.3l
16 2 5.845 11.6 1.58 18.75
(b)for 0.15l
16 2 3.21 6.3 1.58 9.95
TOTAL: 142 KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR PLINTH BEAM FOR LONGER SIDE=142X3=426 KG
PLINTH BEAM

Height of super structure = 3300 mm
Basement height = 600 mm
Breadth of beam (b) = 230 mm
Assume b = (2/3) d
Effective span :
(1/12) of clear span - 1 = (S1)/12
= 322.5 mm
(1/12) of clear span - 2 = (S2)/12
= 370 mm
Hence,
= 4215 mm
= 4785 mm
Effective span - 1 (L1) = (S1) + (2(b/2))
= 4100 mm
Effective span - 2 (L2) = (S1) + (2(b/2))
= 4670 mm
Load :
Dead load of beam = 1.98375 KN/m
Live load
= Width of wall x height of wall x specific weight of brick masonry
= 15.36055 KN/M
Total load
= Live load+dead load = 17.3443 KN/m
Factored total load = 1.5 x total load = 26.01645 KN/M
Moment :
Ast = 102049.419 mm² Ast = 596.3878 mm²
Ast = 596.387831 mm²
No.of bars = 2.9676942
= 3 nos
provided area of steel = 602.88 mm² (using 16mm dia bars)
102194.855 mm² Ast = 450.9521 mm²
Ast = 450.952054 mm²
No.of bars = 2.2439891
= 3 nos
Ast = 102006.993 mm² Ast = 638.8143 mm²
Ast = 638.814338 mm²
No.of bars = 3.1788134
= 4 nos
(L/d) Provided = 13.821429
For continuous beams basic value = 26
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.936149 %
Check for shear :
= 75.396456 KN
= 75396.456 N
= 113.85889 KN
= 113858.89 N
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.6240994 %
X = 0.62409938
X1 = 0.46 X2 = 0.54 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.4997118
= 32181.44 N
= 32.18144 KN
= 43215.0165 N
= 43.2150165 KN
Asv = 56.52 mm²
= 264.43738 Mm
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.810283 Mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 210 Mm
Sv = 300 Mm
Required
data :
Top cover = 40 mm
Side cover = 40 mm
Breadth of beam = 230 mm
= 8920 mm
= 8.92 m
= 224 mm
= 9296.32 Mm
= 9.29632 M
= 8920 Mm
= 8.92 M
= 780 Mm
= 0.78 M
= 41.5454545 Nos
= 42 Nos
E.Negative steel at support 16mm dia 3no :
Length = (0.3 x Effective span(L1))+support width+(0.3 xEffective span(L2))
= 2861 Mm

Dia
of
S.no Description bar Length oF No of bars Total length Wt/meter Total weight
in
of bar mm bar in m of bars in m in Kg/m Kg
1 A 16 8.92 2 17.84 1.58 28.19
2 B 16 9.29632 1 9.29 1.58 14.69
3 C 16 8.92 2 17.84 1.58 28.1
4 D 6 0.78 42 32.76 0.22 7.28
5 E 16 2.861 3 8.583 1.58 13.5
TOTAL: 92 KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR PLINTH BEAM ALONG SHORTER SPAN =92X4=368 KG
DESIGN OF COLUMN CB2

Length of column = 3900mm
Size of column = 230×230mm
Effective length of column

kl = 0.65l = 0.65×3600 = 2340mm
Slenderness ratio
effective length kl
= least lateral dimension = D
2340
= 230
= 10.17 < 12
kl D
emin = +
500 30
2340 230
= 500
+ 30
= 12.35 < 20mm
Hence , The column is designed as axially loaded column
Loads
From BM 11 = 0.6x1.98x5.00 + 0.6x20.7x5.00 =68.04 KN
From BM12 = 0.6x1.98x4.6 + 0.6x19.36x4.6 = 58.44 KN
From BM14 = 0.5w14L14= 0.5x17.36x4.1 = 35.58KN
From BM13 = 0.5w15L15=0.5x19.77x4.67 = 46.16 KN
Total load = 68.04+58.44+35.58+46.16
P =208.22KN
Assume 1%of steel in Ag
Asc =1/100 Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Ag=Ac + Asc
Ac=Ag - Asc
=52900-Asc

208.22×103 = 0.4×20×(52900-Asc) + 0.67×415xAsc
Asc=-796.09 mm2
Negative area of longitudinal reinforcement is not considering . so that
Cheking of cross sectional area with maximum reinforcement and minimum reinforcement
With a percent of not less than 0.8 % and not more than 6% of the gross sectional area of the
column.
0.8%Ag =0.8/100 x52900 =423.2 mm2
4 % Ag =40/100 x 52900=2116 mm2 so taking the 423.2 as the longitudinal reinforcement
Assume the column is square.
Dia of bar
𝜋
4x4 x𝑑2 =423.2
d = 11.66≅12mm
Ast provided
π
Asc =4× ×122 = 452.38mm2
4
Lateral ties
 Pitch
 Least lateral dimension = 230mm
 16d = 16×12= 190mm
 300mm
 Diameter
1
 4
×largest diameter = 3mm
 6mm
So, provide 6mm ties @ 190mmc/c

STEP-1:
Safe load on footing
From column = 208.22KN
Column self weight=023X0.2X25X8.9
=7.725KN
From plinth beam
Load on BE = 0.6 X26.08 X 5.0 =78.24 KN
Load on EH = 0.6 X 24.56 X 4.6 = 67.78KN
Load on FE = 0.5 X 25.13X4.1 = 51.51KN
Load on ED =0.5× 26.04× 4.67 = 69.979 KN
Total load from plinth = 112.31 + 78.24+67.78
= 258.33 KN
Total safe load on plinth = 208.22+7.725+258.33
= 501.27 KN
501.27
Total working load on plinth = = 334.18 KN
1.5
𝐹𝑦 = 415 N/𝑚𝑚2

10
I,e 𝑤𝑓 = 100x334.18 = 33.5 KN
Total load = = 368.5 KN

Area of footing = 𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
368.5
= 150
=2.45 𝑚2

=1.56m ≈ 1.6 m
Factor load = 1.5 x335
= 502.5 KN
STEP – 2
BENDING MOMENT :
Actual upward soil pressure (q) =𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
502.5
= 1.6𝑋1.6
= 196 KN/𝑚2
Critical section for maximum B.M lies at the base of the column ( from clause 3.4.2.3.2 of IS 456)
Total force acting on the hatched area multiplied by distance between the C.G of force and face of the
column.
𝑞 × 𝑙 ×(𝑙−𝑎)2
B.M = 8
196 ×1.6×(1.6−0.23)2
= = 73.57KN-m
8
STEP – 3
DEPTH OF FOOTING
 Considering b = 1600mm
B.M. = Q x b x𝑑2
73.57×106 = 2.76×1600×d2
d = 129.07 mm ≅ 130mm
depth footing = 2× (the least of the above)
= 2×130=260mm
STEP-4
REINFORCEMENT
𝑀𝑢𝑑 =0.87 x𝑓𝑦 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x d (1- )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 ×𝑏×𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 415
73.27x106 =0.87 x 415 x 𝐴𝑠𝑡 x 260 x(1- )
20 × 1600𝑋260
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 1441.05 𝑚𝑚2
Assme # 16mm
1441.05
No. of bars = π = 7.16 no.s ≅ 8no.s
×162
4
π
Actual Ast = 8×4 ×162 = 1608.49mm2
STEP 5
CHECK FOR SHEAR ONE WAY SHEAR

l−a
= q×l×[ 2
− 𝑑]
1.6−0.23
= 196×1.6×[ 2
− 0.34]
= 108.19KN
V
Nominal shear stress τv = bdu
108.19×103
= 1600×310
= 0.21N/mm2
1441.05
1600𝑋310
= 0.29%
0.15 – 0.28
0.25 – 0.36
τc = 0.312
Permissible shear stress (kτc) depending upon the thickness of slab, grade of
concrete and % of Ast
kτc = 1 X 0.312 = 0.312 N/mm2
τv < kτc
STEP 6
d
The critical plane lies at a distance of around face of column
2
Shear acting on the hatched area = q × (l2-(a+d)2)
= 196×(1.62-(0.23+0.26)2)
= 454.72KN
Area resisting the diagonal shear force = 4×(a+d)×effective depth
= 4×(230+260)×260
= 509600mm2
𝑞(𝑙 2 −(𝑎+𝑑)2 )
Nominal shear force τv = 4(𝑎+𝑑)𝑑
454.72X 103
= = 0.89N/mm2
509600
ks = 0.5+βc
230
βc = 230
=1
ks = 0.5+1 = 1.5
τc = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 × √20 = 1.12N/mm2
Zp = ksτc = 1.5×1.12 = 1.68N/mm2
STEP 7

Nominal shear stress = area of footing at top
335 X 103
= 230×230
= 6.33N/mm2
A
Permissible bearing stress = 0.45 × fck × √A1
2
(4×260+230)2
= 0.45×20×√ 230×230
= 85.21N/mm2

Superstructure height =3300mm
Basement height =600 mm
Depth of footing from G.L =1000 mm
Bottom cover of slab =20 mm
Projection of slab =150 mm
Holding into footing (40 x dia) =480 mm

Size of column =230 mm
Size of footing =1600 mm
Side cover for footing =50 mm
Side cover for column =40 mm
Bottom cover for footing =50 mm
A.Main straight bar in footing 10 mm dia at 210 mm c/c
Length = (size of footing –(2x side cover for footing)
= 1500 mm
=1.5 m
No .of layers
No of bars in each layer = length/spacing+1
= 8.14
= 9 nos
No of bars in both directions = 18 nos
B.Vertical bar in column 12mm dia 4 nos
Length=(holding into footing +(depth of footing from g.l. –bottom cover of footing )+
Basement height+super structure height +bottom cover of slab +prohection of slab
=5500 mm
C.Lateral ties 6 mm dia at 190 mm c/c
Length = (2x(width of lateral tie + depth of lateral tie +hook length)
=0.744m
Spacing of bars = 190 mm
No of bars = 26.57nos
=27 nos
Bar bending schedule :
S.no. Name of Dia of bar Length of No of Total Wt/meter Total

bar bar bars length in kg /m weight kg
1 A 10 1.5 18 27 0.617 16.67
2 B 12 5.5 4 22 0.888 19.55

3 C 6 0.744 27 20.88 0.222 4.64
TOTAL WT 40.68
=41 KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR ALL COLUMNS =12X41 =492 KG
DESIGN OF LINTEL

Masonry weight = 19 KN/m3
(L/d) = 12
d = 100 mm
Effective span :
= 1300 mm
= 1350 mm
h = l x SIN 60
h = 1125.833 mm
h = 1.125833 m
(1.25 x h) < H
1.407291 < 1.5 m
Load:
= 0.838647 KN-m
= 2.047464354 KN
Minimum depth required to resist bending moment:

d= 44.51607 mm
Steel required:
32.57299 ( AstxAst ) + -43326 Ast + 1257971 : 0 (quadratic eq) 1713238828
Ast Ast
= 43961.36 mm2 = 29.69808384 mm2
Ast = 29.69808 mm2
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast
= 47.10843 mm2
= 1 < 3nos
Required Ast = 50.24 mm2
Provided Ast = 150.72 mm2
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
Fs
= 0.58xfyx(Ast required/Ast provided) = 47.42787 N/mm2
= 80.23333
Check for shear:
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.36 X2 = 0.48 (input)
Y1 = 0.25 Y2 = 0.5
τc = 0.414748 N/mm2
= 11447.04 N
= 11.44704 KN
Area of stirrup(Asv)= 56.52 mm2
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6 mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 90 Mm

Required data :
Width of opening = 1200 mm
Projection of sunshade (Ps) = 600 mm
Width of lintel = 230 mm
Over all depth of lintel = 140 mm
Bottom cover of lintel = 20 mm
Top cover of sunshade = 20 mm
All other covers = 25 mm
Shedule of reinforcement in lintel :
Length = Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
where, d= (Depth of lintel-top cover-bottom cover-1 dia of main bar))
= 87 mm
Length
= Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)+(2 x additional bent up length)
= 1523.08 mm
= 1.52308 m
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
Length
= (2 x ((width of lintel-(2 x side cover))+(depth of lintel-top cover-bottom cover)))
= 560 mm
= 0.56 m
No.of bars = ((Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)/)(spacing))+1
= 20.77778 nos
= 21 nos
E.Main bar in sunshade 8mm dia bars at 240 mm c/c
Length = (width of lintel-side cover)+(projection of sunshade-side cover)+
= (depth of lintel-top cover-bottom cover-effective depth of sunshade)

= 795 mm
= 0.795 m
= 8.416667 nos
= 9 nos
F.Distribution steel 8mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
No.of bars = ((width of projection -side cover)/(spacing))+1
= 2.916667 nos
= 3 nos
Length Total Total
S.no Description Dia of bar of No of bars length Wt/meter weight
bar in of bars in
of bar in mm m m in Kg/m Kg
1 A 8 1.45 2 2.9 0.395062 1.145679
2 B 8 1.52308 1 1.52308 0.395062 0.601711
3 C 6 1.45 2 2.9 0.222222 0.644444
4 D 6 0.56 21 11.76 0.222222 2.613333
5 E 8 0.795 9 7.155 0.395062 2.826667
6 F 8 1.45 3 4.35 0.395062 1.718519
Total wt
= 9.550353
10 KG
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR 1.2 M LINTEL WITHPUT SUNSHADE=10X1=10 KG
RC Lintel design of 1.0m

(L/d) = 12
d = 83.33333 mm
Effective span :
= 1100 Mm
= 1150 Mm
Effective span (L) = 1100 Mm
h = l x SIN 60
h = 952.6279 mm
h = 0.952628 m
(1.25 x h) < H
1.190785 < 1.5 m
Load:
= 0.52413 KN-m
= 1.524320632 KN
d= 40.63648 mm
Revised effective depth d = 120 Mm
over all depth D = 140 Mm
Steel required:
Ast
Ast = 43326 mm2 = 498.7951807 mm2
Ast = 498.7952 mm2
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 39.25703 mm2
= 1 < 3nos
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
Fs = 0.58xfyx(Ast required/Ast provided) = 796.5764 N/mm2
= 80.23333
Check for shear:
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.48 X2 0.56 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.436499 N/mm2
= 12047.36 N
= 12.04736 KN
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6 mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 90mm c/c
Required data :
Width of opening = 800 Mm
Bearing on each side (b) = 150 Mm
Width of lintel = 230 Mm
Over all depth of lintel = 140 Mm
Bottom cover of lintel = 20 Mm
Top cover of sunshade = 20 Mm
All other covers = 25 Mm
= 1050 mm
= 1.05 m
= 87 mm
Length
= Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)+(2 x additional bent up length)
= 1123.08 mm
= 1.12308 m
=1050 mm
=1.05 m
Length = (2 x ((width of lintel-(2 x side cover))+(depth of lintel-top cover-bottom cover)))
=560 mm
=0.56 m
= 9.666667 nos
= 10 nos
Dia of Length Total Total
S.no Description bar of No of bars length Wt/meter weight
bar in of bars in
of bar in mm m m in Kg/m Kg
1 A 8 1.05 2 2.1 0.395062 0.82963
2 B 8 1.12308 1 1.12308 0.395062 0.443686
3 C 6 1.05 2 2.1 0.222222 0.466667
4 D 6 0.56 10 5.6 0.222222 1.244444
Total wt
= 2.984427
3
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR 1.0 M LINTELS WITHOUT SUNSHADE = 3X4=12 KG
RC Lintel design of 0.9m
Width of opening (S) = 900 Mm

Bearing on each side (b) = 150 Mm
Height of masonry above opening (H) = 1500 Mm
Wall thickness (Tw) = 230 Mm
Effective cover = 20 Mm
(L/d) = 12
d = 75 mm
Effective span :
= 1000 mm
= 1050 mm
h = l x SIN 60
h = 866.0254 mm
h = 0.866025 m
(1.25 x h) < H
1.082532 < 1.5 m
Load:
= 0.401628 KN-m
= 1.291132754 KN
d= 35.572 mm
Steel required:
Ast
Ast = 43326 mm2 = 498.7951807 mm2
Ast = 498.7952 mm2
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 35.33133 mm2
= 1 < 3nos
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
= 80.23333
Check for shear:
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.48 X2 0.56 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.436499 N/mm2
= 12047.36 N
= 12.04736 KN
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Hence provide 6 mm dia two legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 90
Required data :
= 1050 mm
= 1.05 M
= 87 mm
=Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)+(2 x additional bent up length)
Length
=1123.08 Mm
=1.12308 M
= 1050 mm
1.05 m
Length =(2 x ((width of lintel-(2 x side cover))+(depth of lintel-top cover-bottom cover)))
=560 mm
=0.56 M
= 9.666667 nos
= 10 nos
Total
S.no Description Dia of bar Length of No of bars length Wt/meter Total weight
of bars in
of bar in mm bar in m m in Kg/m Kg
1 A 8 1.05 2 2.1 0.395062 0.82963
2 B 8 1.12308 1 1.12308 0.395062 0.443686
3 C 6 1.05 2 2.1 0.222222 0.466667
4 D 6 0.56 10 5.6 0.222222 1.244444
Total wt 2.984427kg
3kg
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR 0.9 M LINTEL WITHOUT SUNSHADE=3X3=9 KG
RC Lintel design

Masonry weight = 19 KN/m³
(L/d) = 12
d = 100 mm
Effective span :
= 1300 mm
= 1350 mm
h = l x SIN 60
h = 1125.833 mm
h = 1.125833 m
(1.25 x h) < H
1.407291 < 1.5 m
Hence it is a rectangular loading
Load:
= 1.531532 KN-m
= 3.646428707 KN
d= 69.46396 mm
Steel required:
Ast
Ast = 43768.61 mm² = 56.18827722 mm²
Ast = 56.18828 mm²
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 47.10843 mm²
= 1 < 3nos
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
= 80.23333
Check for shear:
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.46 X2 = 0.54 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.416499 N/mm²
= 11495.36 N
= 11.49536 KN
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Design of sunshade
Top cover = 20 mm
Consideration breadth = 1000 mm
(L/d) = 8
d = 75 mm
Revised (d) = 80 mm
Effective span :
Effective span (L) = (S) + (d/2)
= 640 mm
= 830 mm
LOAD:
Dead load of sunshade (Wd) = 3 KN/m
Bending moment (Mu) = (W x L x L)/2
0 = 0.6144 KN-m
d= 43.99691 mm
Steel required:
Main steel :
Ast
Ast = 30297.52 mm² = 32.26700581 mm²
Ast = 32.26701 mm²
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 163.8554 mm²
Spacing of bars using 8mm dia bars:
1. spacing of bars = (((3.14x(8x8))/4)/(req Ast))xbreadth = 306.6118 mm
2. spacing of bars = 3xd = 240 mm
3. spacing of bars
= = 300 mm
Hence provide 8mm dia bars at 240 mm c/c
Provided area of steel = (((3.14x(8x8))/4)/(spacing))xtotal breadth
= 314 mm²
Distribution steel :
Minimum area of steel (Ast)
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 163.8554 mm²
3. spacing of bars
= = 300 mm
= 251.2 mm²
Required data :
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
= 87 mm
Length = Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)+(2 x additional bent up length)
= 1523.08 mm
= 1.52308 m
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
= 560 mm
= 0.56 m
= 20.77778 nos
= 21 nos
= 795 mm
= 0.795 m
= 8.416667 nos
= 9 nos
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
= 2.916667 nos
= 3 nos
Total Total
S.no Description Dia of bar Length of No of bars length Wt/meter weight
of bars in
of bar in mm bar in m m in Kg/m kg
1 A 8 1.45 2 2.9 0.3950 1.145679
2 B 8 1.52308 1 1.52308 0.3950 0.601711
3 C 6 1.45 2 2.9 0.22222 0.644444
4 D 6 0.56 21 11.76 0.22 2.613333
5 E 8 0.795 9 7.155 0.395 2.826667
6 F 8 1.45 3 4.35 0.395 1.718519
Total wt
= 9.550353
10
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR 1.2M OPENINIG IS =10X5=50 KG
LINTEL DESIGN

(L/d) = 12
d = 125 mm
Effective span :
= 1600 mm
= 1650 mm
h = l x SIN 60
h = 1385.641 mm
h = 1.385641 m
(1.25 x h) < H
1.732051 < 1.3 m
Load:
= 1.512587 KN-m
= 2.974099849 KN
d= 59.78432 mm
Steel required:
Ast
Ast = 43936.45 mm2 = 54.60969535 mm2
Ast = 54.6097 mm2
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 58.88554 mm2
= 2 < 3nos
% Max Ast = (Ast/(bxd))x100 = 0.546086957 %
= 160.4667
Check for shear:
(As/(bxd))X100 = 0.364058
X = 0.364058
X1 = 0.46 X2 = 0.54 (input)
Y1 = 0.5 Y2 = 0.75
τc = 0.416499 N/mm2
= 11495.36 N
= 11.49536 KN
Sv = (0.87 x fy x Asv)/(0.4 x b)
= 221.8103 mm
Sv = 0.75 x d
= 90 mm
Sv = 300 mm
Design of sunshade
Top cover = 20 mm
Consideration breadth = 1000 mm
(L/d) = 8
d = 75 mm
Revised (d) = 80 mm
Effective span :
Effective span (L) = (S) + (d/2)
= 640 mm
= 830 mm
LOAD:
Dead load of sunshade (Wd) = 3.6 KN/m
Bending moment (Mu) = (W x L x L)/2
0 = 0.73728 KN-m
d= 41.73913 mm
Steel required:
Main steel :
Ast
Ast = 30773.03 mm2 = 38.67631369 mm2
Ast = 38.67631 mm2
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 163.8554 mm2
3. spacing of bars
= = 300 mm
= 376.8 mm2
Distribution steel :
Minimum area of steel (Ast)
Ast/(b x d) = (0.85/fy)
Ast = 163.8554 mm2
3. spacing of bars
= = 300 mm
= 301.44 mm2
Required data :
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
= 87 mm
Length = Width of opening+2(bearing)-2(side cover)+(2 x additional bent up length)
= 1523.08 mm
= 1.52308 m
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
= 560 mm
= 0.56 m
= 20.77778 nos
= 21 nos
= 795 mm
= 0.795 m
= 8.416667 nos
= 9 nos
= 1450 mm
= 1.45 m
= 2.916667 nos
= 3 nos
Total Total
S.no Description Dia of bar Length of No of bars length Wt/meter weight
of bars in
of bar in mm bar in m m in Kg/m kg
1 A 8 1.45 2 2.9 0.395062 1.145679
2 B 8 1.52308 1 1.52308 0.395062 0.601711
3 C 6 1.45 2 2.9 0.222222 0.644444
4 D 6 0.56 21 11.76 0.222222 2.613333
5 E 8 0.795 9 7.155 0.395062 2.826667
6 F 8 1.45 3 4.35 0.395062 1.718519
Total wt
= 9.550353
10
HENCE STEEL REQUIRED FOR 1.5 M LINTELS IS =3X 10= 30 KG
DETAILED ESTIMATE FOR LIG:
Total
quantity
Quantity (m3 /
Length Depth (m3 /m2/ m2 /
s.no Description of item nos (m) Breadth (m) (m) RM/NO's) RM)
earth work excavation for
1. foundation 8 1.1 1.1 1 9.68 9.68
2. Refilling 8 1.1 1.1 1 9.68
a. deductions for footing 8 1.1 1.1 0.31 3.01
b. deductions for column 8 0.23 0.23 0.69 0.29 6.39
3. sand filling 1 8.58 5.54 0.6 28.51 28.51
4. P.C.C.(1:4:8) 8 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.97 0.97
5. R.C.C (1:1.5:8)
a. for footing 8 1.1 1.1 0.21 2.03
b. for column upto G.L 8 0.23 0.23 0.69 0.29
c. for plinth beam 1 41.62 0.23 0.3 2.87
d. for columns 8 0.23 0.23 3.9 1.65
e. for beams
(a) For t beam 2 5.77 0.23 0.15 0.40
(b) For ss Beam 2 5.77 0.23 0.33 0.88
(c)for continuous beam 2 9.27 0.23 0.38 1.62
f. for slab 1 9.27 5.77 0.12 6.42
g. For Lintel and Sunshade 6 1.2 0.23 0.12 0.20
1) For 1000 mm Doors 2 1 0.23 0.12 0.06
2) For 1200 mm Doors 4 1.2 0.23 0.12 0.13
h. For Waist Slab 2 2.99 1 0.15 0.90 17.804
6. brick masonry
a. for basement 1 41.62 0.23 0.6 5.74
b. for Super structure 1 4 4.5 0.6 10.80
(1)around the building 1 30.08 0.23 3.3 22.85
(2) internal walls
(a) for bed room 1 6.73 0.23 3.3 5.11
(b)for kitchen 1 4.81 0.23 3.3 3.65
(c) for pooja and toilet 1 6.23 0.1 3.3 2.06
(d)for parapet wall 1 30.6 0.1 0.9 2.75
c. for steps 20 1 0.25 0.15 0.75
deductions
(a) doors
(1)D1 2 1.2 0.23 2 1.10
(2)D2 2 1.2 0.23 1.8 0.99
(3)D3 2 1 0.23 1.8 0.83
(b)windows
(1) W1 4 1.2 0.23 1 1.10
(2) W2 2 1.2 0.23 0.9 0.50
ventilators(V1) 10 0.6 0.23 0.3 0.41 48.78
7. Plasteering
a. around the building 1 30.08 3.9 117.31
b. inside bed room 1 6.5 3.3 21.45
c. outside bed room 1 6.96 3.3 22.97
d. inside the kitchen 1 4.58 3.3 15.11
e. out side kitchen 1 5.04 3.3 16.63
f. toilet walls 1 5 3.3 16.50
g. inside pooja 1 3.5 3.3 11.55
h. outside pooja 1 3.96 3.3 13.07
inside the outer wall of
i. building 1 29.16 3.3 96.23
j. For outside parapet wall 1 15.5 0.6 9.30
k. inside parapet wall 1 15.1 0.6 9.06
Deductions
(a) doors
(1) D1 2 1.2 2 4.80
(2)D2 2 1.2 1.8 4.32
(3)D3 2 1 1.8 3.60
(b)windows
(1)W1 4 1.2 1 4.80
(2)W2 2 1.2 3.3 2.16
(c) ventilators 10 0.6 0.3 1.80 318.64
WHITEWASHING TWO
COATS WITH JANATA GUM SAME AS
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE PLASTERING
8. BUILDING 318.64
SUPPLY AND FIXING OF
TEAK WOOD WITH ALL
9. IRON FURNITURE
(a) For D1,D2 6 6 nos
(b)For D3 2 2 nos
c) for windows 6 6nos
(d) for ventilator 4 4 nos
PROVISION FOR
ARCHITECHTURAL WORKS
10. 1% OF BUILDING COST L.S.
PROVISION OF WATER
SUPPLY &SANITATION AT
11. 7.5% OF BUILDING COST L.S.
PROVISION OF ELECTRICAL
FITTINGS AT 7.5% OF
12. BUILDING COST L.S.
PROVISION OF
UNFORSEEN ITEMS AT
PROVISION OF PETTY
SUPERVISION AT 2.5% OF
14. BUILDING COST L.S.
PROVISION FOR
VARIATION OF RATES AT
TOTAL QUANTITY :- 749.414
MIG DETAILED ESTIMATE
S.no Description Nos Length Breadth Depth Quantity Total

of item (m) (m) (m) (m³) Quantity
1 Earthwork excavation and (m³)
depositing with initial
lead and lift in ordinary
soils for foundation
(a) For foundation 12 1.4 1.4 1 23.52 23.52
2 Refilling of excavated
soil 12 1.4 1.4 0.63 14.8176
*Deduction for column
volume 12 0.23 0.23 0.63 -0.399924 14.41768
3 C.C.bed (1:4:8) using

40 mm HBG metal
(a)As leveling course
in foundation 12 1.4 1.4 0.1 2.352
(b)For flooring 1 10.64 8.54 0.1 9.08656 11.43

4 R.C.C. (1:1½:3) using
20 mm HBG metal
(a)For lintel
(i) Over doors 8 1.2 0.23 0.12 0.26496
(ii)Over windows 8 1 0.23 0.14 0.2576
(b)For sunshade
(i)Over opening D 1 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.09
(ii)Over opening W 8 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.624
(c)For T-beams
(i)Along long span
(spans (9,11) 1 10.18 0.23 0.33 0.772662
(i)Along short span
(spans (10,12) 2 9 0.23 0.43 1.7802
(d)For rectangular beam
(i) along longer span 2 22.2 0.23 0.31 3.165
(ii) along shorter span 2 8.31 0.23 0.39 1.490814
(e)For slab 1 11.1 9 0.12 11.988
(f) For footing 12 1.4 1.4 0.27 6.3504
(g) For column .
(i)For main column 12 4.38 0.23 0.23 2.780424
(h)For plinth beams 1 39.28 0.23 0.31 2.800664
(I)For stair
(i) For flight 2 3.47 1 0.2 1.388
(ii)For landing 2 1.73 2.4 0.15 1.2456 34.97

6 Sand filling in the
basement 1 10.64 8.54 0.3 27.25968
*deduction for
masonry over plinth beam
and plinth beams 1 19.16 0.23 0.31 -1.366108 25.89357
7 Brick masonry in
CM(1:5) by using
class A country bricks
(a)All main walls in
super structure (230mm)
(i)External walls 1 39.28 0.23 3.3 29.81352
*deduction for openings in
main wall including lintel
For opening D 1 1.2 2.12 0.23 -0.58512
For opening w 8 1.5 1.62 0.23 -4.4712
(b)All partition walls
in super structure 1 46.08 0.1 3.3 15.2064
*deduction for openings in
partition wall
For opening D1 5 1 2.12 0.1 -1.06
For opening D2 2 0.8 2.12 0.1 -0.3392
(C)walls above plinth
beams 1 67 0.23 0.1 1.541
(d)For parapet wall 1 39.28 0.1 0.6 2.3568
*deduction of wall at
entrance
stair 1 1 6 0.1 -0.6
(e)For steps
(i) For first step 1 1 0.25 0.45 0.1125
(ii)For second step 1 1 0.25 0.3 0.075
(iii)For third step 1 1 0.25 0.15 0.0375
(f)for steps of stair 22 1 0.01875 - 0.4125 43.17
8 HYSD for R.C.C. work
including bending binding
and placing in position
(in Tonnes)
(a)For slab - - - - 0.854
(b)For T-Beams - - - - 0.217
(C)For rectangular beams - - - - 0.258
(d)For lintels and
sunshades - - - - 0.184
(e)For plinth beams - - - - 0.528
(f)For columns - - - - 0.437

(g) For stair - - - - 0.067 2.545
9 Providing wood work in
frames for windows and
doors including necessary
holdfasts and fittings by
using class A teak wood - - - - LS
10 Providing and fixing of
30mm thick shutters for
doors including necessary
iron fittings and by using
class A teak wood (in sq.m) - - - - LS
12 mm thick cement
11 plaster
using C.M.(1:5) (in sq.m)
(a) Inside the building
(i)For bedroom in N-W
corner 1 14 - 3.3 46.2
(ii)For master bedroom
in S-W corner 1 14 - 3.3 46.2
(iv)For toilet attached to
bedroom 1 7.28 - 3.3 24.024
(v)For common toilet 1 7.68 - 3.3 25.344
(vi) For kitchen 1 10.4 - 3.3 34.32
(vii)For store room 1 7 - 3.3 23.1
(viii) for pooja 1 8.4 - 3.3 27.72
(ix) for hall 1 30.16 - 3.3 99.528
(b)Outside the building
(From G.L. to parapet) 1 40.2 - 4.02 161.604
(C)For steps
(i) For first step 1 1.9 - 0.25 0.475
(ii)For second step 1 1.6 - 0.25 0.4
(iii)For third step 1 1.3 - 0.25 0.325
(d)For steps of stair 20 1 - 0.42 8.4
(e)For parapet
(i)inside of parapet 1 39.4 - 0.6 23.64
(ii)For top of parapet 1 39.8 - 0.1 3.98
(f) for roof 1 10.9 8.8 - 95.92
*deductions for openings
(i) For door D 1 1.2 - 2 -2.4
(ii)For doors D1 5 1 - 2 -10
(iii)For doors D2 2 0.8 - 2 -3.2
(iv)For windows W 8 1.5 - 1.5 -18 460.332

12 50 mm thick D.P.C over 100
thick C.C. bed (in sq.m) 1 10.64 - 8.54 90.86

13 Applying white washing on
walls of plastered surface
(in sq.m)
(a) Inside the building
(i)For bedroom in N-W
corner 1 14 - 3.3 46.2
(ii)For master bedroom
in S-W corner 1 14 - 3.3 46.2
(iv)For toilet attached to
bedroom 1 7.28 - 3.3 24.024
(v)For common toilet 1 7.68 - 3.3 25.344
(vi) For kitchen 1 10.4 - 3.3 34.32
(vii)For store room 1 7 - 3.3 23.1
(viii) for pooja 1 8.4 - 3.3 27.72
(ix) for hall 1 30.16 - 3.3 99.528
(b)Outside the building
(From G.L. to parapet) 1 40.2 - 4.02 161.604
(C)For steps
(i) For first step 1 1.9 - 0.25 0.475
(ii)For second step 1 1.6 - 0.25 0.4
(iii)For third step 1 1.3 - 0.25 0.325
(d)For steps of stair 20 1 - 0.42 8.4
(e)For parapet
(i)inside of parapet 1 39.4 - 0.6 23.64
(ii)For top of parapet 1 39.8 - 0.1 3.98
(f) for roof 1 10.9 8.8 - 95.92
*deductions for openings
(i) For door D 1 1.2 - 2 -2.4
(ii)For doors D1 5 1 - 2 -10
(iii)For doors D2 2 0.8 - 2 -3.2
(iv)For windows W 8 1.5 - 1.5 -18 460.332
Supply and fixing of iron
14 grill - - - - LS
for stair
HIG 2 DETAILED ESTIMATION

Total quantity
Length Breadth Quantity (m3 (m3 / m2 /
sl.no Description of item nos (m) (m) Depth (m) /m2/ RM/NO's) RM)
EARTH WORK
1 EXCAVATION
(i) for foundation 12 1.6 1.6 1 30.72 30.72
2 P.C.C.(1:4:8) 12 1.6 1.6 0.1 3.07 3.07
3 EARTH FILLING 12 1.37 1.37 0.59 13.28 13.28
4 R.C.C(1:1.5;3)
(a) for footing 12 1.6 1.6 0.31 9.52
(b) for column upto G.L 12 0.23 0.23 0.59 0.37
( c ) for plinth beam 1 60.35 0.23 0.35 4.86
(d) for columns
At outer beam 10 0.23 0.23 3.05 1.61
At middle beam 2 0.23 0.23 3.68 0.39
( e ) for slab 1 14.5 9 0.13 16.97
(f) for beams
longer rectangular 2 14.5 0.23 0.25 1.67
shorter rectangular 2 8.54 0.23 0.25 0.98
three way span beam 1 14.5 0.23 0.21 0.70
two way span beam 2 8.54 0.23 0.21 0.82
(h) for staircase
(i) for waist slab 2 3.241 1 0.2 1.30
(ii) for landing 2 2 1 0.3 1.20
(iii) for toe wall 1 1 0.3 0.3 0.09
(iv) for beam bottom of
the landing 1 1 0.23 0.23 0.05 40.53
5 SAND FILLING
(a)for master bed room 1 1 4 3.5 0.6 8.40
(b)for master bed room 2 1 4 4.5 0.6 10.80
(c)for toilets 2 1.95 1.3 0.6 3.04
(d)for kitchen cum dining 1 4 3 0.6 7.20
e) for children bed room 1 3 3 0.6 5.40
(f) for pooja 1 1.34 3 0.6 2.41
(g) for hall 1 10.94 4.44 0.6 29.14 66.39
6 BRICK MASONRY
external
(a)for 230 thick longer
walls 2 14.5 0.23 3.3 22.01
(b)for 230 thick shorter
walls 2 8 0.23 3.3 12.14
internal 100 thick 0.00
(a)for shorter wall 1 8.54 0.1 3.3 2.82
(b)for 3 m length wall 2 3 0.1 3.3 1.98
( c)for 9.6 m length walls 1 9.6 0.1 3.3 3.17
(d) for 4 m length wall 3 4 0.1 3.3 3.96
(e ) for toilet walls 1 1.3 0.1 3.3 0.43
(f)for steps 22 0.42 1 9.24
(g) for parapet wall 1 46.08 0.1 0.7 3.23
(h) for deductions
230 thick wall
1.columns 9 0.23 0.23 3.3 1.57
2.door (D) 1 0.23 1.2 2.1 0.58
3. for window (W1) 3 0.23 1.5 1 1.04
4.for window (W2) 5 0.23 1.2 1 1.38
5. for ventilators 2 0.23 0.6 0.45 0.12 54.29
PLASTERING WITH
7 C.M.(1:3) 0.00
outside :
(a) forlonger walls 2 14.5 - 3.3 95.70
(b) for shorter walls 2 8 - 3.3 52.80
Innerside: -
(a) for master bedroom 1 2 4 - 3.3 26.40
2 3.5 - 3.3 23.10
(b) fpr master bed room 2 2 4.5 - 3.3 29.70
2 4 - 3.3 26.40
c) for children bed room 4 3 - 3.3 39.60
(d) for toilets 4 1.95 - 3.3 25.74
4 1.3 - 3.3 17.16
e) for kitchem cum dining 2 4 - 3.3 26.40
2 3 3.3 19.80
(f) for pooja room 2 1.34 3.3 8.84
2 3 3.3 19.80
(g) for hall 1 9.6 3.3 31.68
1 4.6 3.3 15.18
1 8.54 3.3 28.18
1 10.94 3.3 36.10
(h) for parapet
outside : 2 9 0.7 12.60
2 14.5 0.7 20.30
Innerside: 2 8.8 0.7 12.32
2 14.3 0.7 20.02
1 46.08 0.1 4.61
(i) for staircase
* for steps 2x11 0.42 1 9.24
* for sides of steps 2x11 0.5x0.27x0.15 0 0.44
Deductions
* for door (D) 1 1.2 2.1 2.52
* for door(D1) 4 1 2 8.00
* for door (D2) 3 0.9 1.8 4.86
* for window (W1) 3 1.5 1 4.50
* for window (W2) 5 1.2 1 6.00
* for ventilator 2 0.6 0.45 0.54 575.69
WHITEWASHING TWO
COATS WITH JANATA SAME AS
8
GUM INSIDE AND PLASTERING
OUTSIDE THE BUILDING 575.69
SUPPLY AND FIXING OF
TEAK WOOD WITH ALL
9 IRON FURNITURE
(a) for door (D,D1) 5 5 no s
(b) for door (D2) 3 3 no s
c) for windows 8 8 no s
(d) for ventilator 2 2 no s
PAINTING TWO COATS
WITH APPROVED
ENAMEL PAINT OVER A
10
PRIMARY COAT PF WHTIE
LEAD TO NEW WOOD
WORK
5.04
(a) for door (D) 1x2 1.2 2.1 sq.m
(b) for door (D1) 4x2 1 2 16 sq.m
c) for door (D2) 3x2 0.9 1.8 9.72sq.m
(d) for window (w1) 3x2 1.5 1 9sq.m
e) for window (w2) 5x2 1.2 1 12sq.m
(f) for ventilator 2x2 0.6 0.45 1.08sq.m 52.84sq.m
FLOORING WITH C.C. 100
11
THICK
(a) for master bedroom 1 1 4 3.5 0.1 1.40
(b) for master bed room 2 1 4 4.5 0.1 1.80
c) for hall 1 10.84 4.44 0.1 4.80
(d) for toilets 2 1.95 1.3 0.1 0.50
e) for kitchem cum dining 1 4 3 0.1 1.20
(f) for children bed room 1 3 3 0.1 0.90
(g) for pooja 1 1.34 3 0.1 0.40 11.05
HYSD FOR RCC WITH
INCLUDING BENDING
12
BINDING AND PLACING IN
POSITION ( in tonnes)
(a) for slab - - - - 0.43
(b) for T beams - - - - 0.22
c) for rectangular beams - - - - 0.30
(d) for lintels and
sunshade - - - - 0.11
e) for plinth beam - - - - 0.79
(f) for column - - - - 0.49
(g) for staircase - - - - 0.07 2.41
PROVISION FOR
ARCHITECHTURAL
WORKS 1% OF BUILDING
13 COST
PROVISION OF WATER
SUPPLY &SANITATION
AT 7.5% OF BUILDING
14 COST L.S
PROVISION OF
ELECTRICAL FITTINGS AT
15 7.5% OF BUILDING COST L.S
PROVISION OF
UNFORSEEN ITEMS AT
PROVISION OF PETTY
SUPERVISION AT 2.5% OF
17 BUILDING COST L.S
PROVISION FOR
VARIATION OF RATES AT
EARTH WORK
1 EXCAVATION
(i) for foundation 12 1.5 1.5 1 27.00 27.00
2 P.C.C.(1:4:8) 12 1.5 1.5 0.1 2.70 2.70
3 EARTH FILLING 12 1.27 1.27 0.6 11.61 11.61
4 R.C.C(1:1.5;3)
(a) for footing 12 1.5 1.5 0.3 8.10
(b) for column 12 0.23 0.23 0.6
upto G.L 0.38
( c ) for plinth
beam 1 68.67 0.23 0.3 4.74
(d) for columns
At outer beam 10 0.23 0.23 4.2 2.22
At middle beam 2 0.23 0.23 4.2 0.44
( e ) for slab 1 18.8 26.98 0.13 65.94
(f) for beams
longer
rectangular 2 13.49 0.23 0.31 1.92
shorter
rectangular 2 9.4 0.23 0.35 1.51
3 span tee beam 3 13.49 0.23 0.46 4.28
2 span tee beam 2 9.4 0.23 0.46 1.99
(h) for staircase
(i) for waist slab 2 3.241 1 0.2 1.30
(ii) for landing 2 2 1 0.3 1.20
(iii) for toe wall 1 1 0.3 0.3 0.09
(iv) for beam
bottom of the
landing 1 1 0.23 0.23 0.05 94.16
5 SAND FILLING
(a)for master bed
room 1 1 3.84 4.1 0.6 9.45
(b)for master bed
room 2 1 3.84 4.1 0.6 9.45
(c)for toilets 2 1.5 1.2 0.6 2.16
(d)for kitchen cum
dining 1 5 4.1 0.6 12.30
e) for children bed
room 1 3.84 3 0.6 6.91
f)for drawing 1 5.1 4.1 0.6 12.55
(g) for hall 1 5.1 4.6 0.6 14.08 66.90
6 BRICK MASONRY
external
(a)for 230 thick
longer walls 2 13.49 0.23 3 18.62
(b)for 230 thick
shorter walls 2 9.4 0.23 3 12.97
internal 100 thick
(a)for shorter wall 1 18.8 0.1 3 5.64
(b)for 4.33 m
length wall 3 4.33 0.1 3 3.90
( c)for 3.84 m
length walls 1 3.84 0.1 3 1.15
(e ) for toilet walls 1 17.8 0.1 3 5.34
(f)for steps 22 0.42 1 9.24
(g) for parapet wall 1 46.08 0.1 0.7 3.23
(h) for deductions
230 thick wall
1.columns 9 0.23 0.23 3 1.43
2.door (D) 9 0.23 0.9 2 3.73
3. for window
(W1) 4 0.23 1.5 1.2 1.66
4.for window (W2) 8 0.23 1.1 1.2 2.43
5. for ventilators 3 0.23 0.6 0.4 0.17 50.67
PLASTERING WITH
7 C.M.(1:3)
outside :
(a) forlonger walls 2 13.49 - 3 80.94
(b) for shorter
walls 2 9.4 - 3 56.40
Innerside: -
(a) for master
bedrooms 4 3.84 - 3 46.08
4 4.1 - 3 49.20
c) for children bed
room 2 6.84 - 3 41.04
(d) a,for toilets 4 1.2 - 3 14.40
4 1.5 - 3 18.00
b,for common
toilet 2 3.5 - 3 21.00
e) for kitchem cum

dining 2 5.1 - 3 30.60
2 4.1 3 24.60
(f) for pooja room 2 5.1 3 30.60
2 4.1 3 24.60
(g) for hall 2 5.1 3 30.60
2 4.6 3 27.60
(h) for parapet
outside : 2 9.4 0.7 13.16
2 13.49 0.7 18.89
Innerside: 2 9.17 0.7 12.84
2 13.26 0.7 18.56
(i) for staircase
* for steps 2x11 0.42 1 9.24
* for sides of steps 2x11 0.5x0.27x0.15 0 0.44
Deductions
* for door (D) 1 1.2 2 2.40
* for door(D1) 9 0.9 2 16.20
* for door (D2) 3 0.75 2 4.50
11111111 * for window (W1) 4 1.5 1 6.00
* for window (W2) 8 1.1 1 8.80
* for ventilator 2 0.6 0.45 0.54 538.4
WHITEWASHING
TWO COATS WITH
JANATA GUM SAME AS
8
INSIDE AND PLASTERING
OUTSIDE THE
BUILDING 538.4
SUPPLY AND
FIXING OF TEAK
WOOD WITH ALL
9 IRON FURNITURE
(a) for door (D,D1) 10 10 no s
(b) for door (D2) 3 3 no s
c) for windows 12 12 no s
(d) for ventilator 2 2 no s
PAINTING TWO
COATS WITH
APPROVED
ENAMEL PAINT
10
OVER A PRIMARY
COAT PF WHTIE
LEAD TO NEW
WOOD WORK
(a) for door (D) 1x2 1.2 2 4.8 sq.m
(b) for door (D1) 9x2 0.9 2 32.4 sq.m
c) for door (D2) 3x2 0.75 2 9.0sq.m
(d) for window
(w1) 4x2 1.5 1 12sq.m
e) for window (w2) 8x2 1.1 1 17.6sq.m
(f) for ventilator 2x2 0.6 0.45 1.08sq.m 76.88sq.m
FLOORING WITH
11
C.C. 100 THICK
(a) for master
bedroom 1 1 3.84 4.1 0.1 1.57
(b) for master bed
room 2 1 3.84 4.1 0.1 1.57
c) for hall 1 5.1 4.6 0.1 2.35
(d) for toilets 2 1.5 1.2 0.1 0.36
common toilet 1 2 1.5 0.1 0.30
e) for kitchen 1 2.5 4.1 0.1 1.03
dining 1 2.5 4.1 0.1 1.03
(f) for children bed
room 1 3.84 3 0.1 1.15
(g) for drawing
room 1 5.1 4.1 0.1 2.09 11.45
HYSD FOR RCC
WITH INCLUDING
BENDING BINDING
12
AND PLACING IN
POSITION ( in
tonnes)
(a) for slab - - - - 0.62
(b) for T beams - - - - 0.22
c) for rectangular
beams - - - - 0.32
(d) for lintels and
sunshade - - - - 0.11
e) for plinth beam - - - - 0.79
(f) for column - - - - 0.48
(g) for staircase - - - - 0.07 2.55
PROVISION FOR
ARCHITECHTURAL
WORKS 1% OF
13 BUILDING COST
PROVISION OF
WATER SUPPLY
&SANITATION AT
7.5% OF BUILDING
14 COST L.S
PROVISION OF
ELECTRICAL
FITTINGS AT 7.5%
15 OF BUILDING COST L.S
PROVISION OF
UNFORSEEN ITEMS
AT 2.5% OF
PROVISION OF
PETTY
SUPERVISION AT
2.5% OF BUILDING
17 COST L.S
PROVISION FOR
VARIATION OF
RATES AT 2.5% OF
Data sheet
S.no Material Quantity Rate Per Amount Remarks
(including
1 Earthwork excavation 10 cu.m 199.9 labour charges)
2 Refilling of earthwork 10 cu.m 199.9
3 sand filling
(a)Sand 1 cu.m 973 1 cu.m
(including
(a)Mazdoor 0.71 no.s 370 1 no 1343 labour charges)
4 C.C.(1:4:8) using 40 mm
HBG metal of 1 cum.
(a)Cement 0.115 270 bag
(b)fine aggregate 0.46 973 1 cu.m
(c)Coarse aggregate 0.92 1713 1 cu.m
(d)mazdoors 1.06 370 day
(Efficiency of
(e)masons 0.08 465 day mixer is 3 cu/m
(f)concrete mixer 1 cu.m 347 hour 3890.727 per hour)
5 C.C. (1:1½:3) using 20 mm
HBG metal for R.C.C work
(a)Cement 0.306667 270 bag
(Efficiency of
(f)concrete mixer 1cu.m 347 hour 5530.41 per hour)
6 C.C. (1:2:4) using 20 mm
HBG metal for R.C.C work
(a)Cement 0.23 270 bag
(Efficiency of
(f)concrete mixer 1cu.m 347 hour 4411.267 per hour)
(0.23 cu.m of
7 Cement mortar (1:4) for c.m. shall be
used for 1 cu.m
brick masonry of brick
masonry by
(a)Cement 0.25 270 bag considering
thickness of
(b)fine aggregate 1 cu.m 973 1 cu.m 2917 mortar as 1 cm)
(no.of bricks for
1 cu.m of
brick masonry
=500 no.s)
8 Cement mortar (1:3) for
(12mm thick
plastering plaster shall be
used for
(a)Cement 0.333333 270 bag plastering)
(b)fine aggregate 1 cu.m 973 1 cu.m 3565
9 Cement mortar (1:3) for
flooring of D.P.C.
(a)Cement 0.333333 270 bag
(C.M. in 50mm
(b)fine aggregate 1 cu.m 973 1 cu.m 3565 thickness is
used for
flooring over
C.C.bed)
10 Binding of steel
(charges for 1
(a)steel 1 tonne 36000 tonne tonne of steel
including
binding
(b)bar benders 5 585 day 38925 charges)
11 Brick work of 1 cu.m
1000
(a)bricks 500 nos 5376 nos
0.23 (by considering
(b)cement Mortar (1:4) cu.m 3698 cu.m size of brick
(c)mazdoors 1.59 370 day 19 x9 x9 cm)
(d)masons 0.88 465 day 4536.04
12 plastering with 12 mm thick
in C.M.(1:3) for 10 sq.m
0.12
(a) C.M.(1:3) cu.m 4346 cu.m
(b)mason 0.1 465 day
(c)mazdoor 0.5 370 day 753.02 (For 10 sq.m)
13 laying of D.P.C.course 50 mm
thick for 10 sq.m
(a) C.M.(1:3) 0.5 cu.m 4346 cu.m
(b)mason 1.05 465 day
(c)mazdoor 0.98 370 day 1372.37 (For 10 sq.m)

14 White washing for 10 sq.m
3.5
(a)lime powder kg 15 1kg
(b)white washer 0.15 400 day
(c)mazdoor 0.15 370 day 168 (For 10 sq.m)
LEAD STATEMENT :-
loading and Total

Cost at lead Conveyance unloading coveyance Cost at
S.no Materials source Quantity (KMs) charges charges charges site
1 Cement 270 1 cum. - - - - 270

20 mm
2 HBG
metal 1170 1 cum. 36 349.2 241 590.2 1760.2
40 mm
3 HBG
metal 1122 1 cum. 36 349.2 241 590.2 1712.2
fine
4 aggregate 481 1 cum. 30 348 143.9 491.9 972.9
5 Bricks 5250 1000 nos 5 125.5 - 125.5 5375.5
6 Steel 36000 Tonne - - - - 36000

ABSTRACT ESTIMATE :
SNO ITEM OF WORK QUANTITY RATE PER AMOUNT
1. EARTH WORK
EXCAVATION 9.68 199.99 1m3 1935.9
2. REFILLING OF
EARTHWORK 6.39 199.99 1m3 1277.93
3. SAND FILLING 28.51 1343 1m3 38288.93
4. C.C(1:4:8) 0.97 3890.72 1m3 3773.99
5. C.C(1:1.5:3) 17.804 5530.41 1m3 98463.41
6. PLASTERING WITH 318.64 111536.74
CEMENT MORTAR 2917 0.12 m3
(1:3)
7. BRICKMASONRY 221268.03
3
WITH CEMENT 48.78 4536.04 1m
MORTAR(1:4)
8. STEEL 833.41 38925 1 Tonne 32440.44
9. PAINTING WITH
TWO COATS 318.64 168 1 m2 53531.52
ENAMEL PAINT AND
WHITE LEAD
10. SUPPLY & FIXING OF
DOORS &WINDOWS
(A) FOR DOORS(D1) 2 4950 No's 9900
(B) FOR DOORS (D2) 2 4180 No's 8360
(C) FOR DOORS(D3) 2 4080 No's 8160
(D) FOR WINDOWS(W1) 4 3300 No's 13200
(E) FOR WINDOWS(W2) 2 2800 No's 5600
COST OF BUILDING :-607740 /-
11. PROVISION FOR
ELECTRICIAN & 607740 X 0.08 = 48619.2
FITTING CHARGES
8%
12. PROVISION FOR 607740 X 0.08 = 48619.2
WATER SUPPLY 8%
13. PROVISION FOR
PRETTY 607740 X 0.03 = 18232.2
SUPERVISION
CHARGES 3%
14. PROVISION FOR
ARCHITECTURAL 607740 X 0.01 =6077.4
CHARGES 1%
15. PROVISION FOR
FLUCTUTATION 607740 X 0.03 = 18232.2
CHARGES 3%
16. PROVISION FOR
UNFORCEEN 607740 X 0.02 = 12154.8
CHARGES 2%
17. PROVISION FOR
VARIATION OF 607740 X 0.05 = 30387
RATES 5%
SUNDRIES : - 8.0
TOTAL COST OF BUILDING = 790070 /-

ABSTRACT ESTIMATE FOR MIG
S.No Item of work Quantity Rate Per Amount
1 Earthwork excavation 23.52 199.99 10 cu.m 470.37
for foundation
2 Refilling of earthwork 13.28 199.99 10 cu.m 288.38
3 sand filling 25.89 1343 1 cu .m 34770.27
4 C C (1:4:8) 11.43 3890.72 1 cu .m 44470.93
5 R.C C (1:1.5:3) 34.97 5530.41 1 cu .m 193409.49
6 plastering with c m (1:3) 460.332 2917 0.012cu.m 16133.46
7 Brick masonry with
c m (1:4) 43.17 4536.04 1 cu .m 195820.85
8 Steel 2.545 38925 1 tonne 99064.125
9 Painting with two coats
enamel paint and white
Lead 460.332 168 0.01 sq. m 7733.57
10 supply and filxing of doors
and windows
(a) for door D 1 4950 nos 4950
(b) for door D1 5 4180 nos 20900
c) for door D2 2 4080 nos 8160
(d) for window W 5 3300 nos 16500
(e) for window W1 3 2800 nos 8400
COST OF THE BUILDING
651072
11 PROVISION FOR ELECTRICIAN 651072 X 0.08 52085.8
AND FITTING INCLUDING
CHARGES 8%
12 PROVISION FOR WATER 651072 X 0.08 52085.8
SUPPLY OF 8%
13 PROVISION FOR PRETTY
SUPERVISION CHARGES 3% 651072 X 0.03 19532.2
14 PROVISION FOR
ARCHITECTURAL CHARGES 1% 651072 X 0.01 6510.7
15 PROVISION FOR FLUCTUATION
CHARGES 3% 651072 X 0.03 19532.2
16 PROVISION FOR UNFORCEEN
CHARGES 2% 651072 X 0.02 13021.4
17 PROVISION FOR VARIATION OF
RATES 5% 651072 X 0.05 32553.6
SUNDRIES 6.3
TOTAL COST OF BUILDING = 8,46,400
FOR HIG1
Item of work Quantity Rate Per Amount

Earthwork excavation 27 199.99 10 cu.m 539.97
for foundation
Refilling of earthwork 11.61 199.99 10 cu.m 232.18
sand filling 66.9 1343 1 cu .m 89846.7
P C C (1:4:8) 2.7 3890.72 1 cu .m 10504.95
R C C (1:1.5:3) 94.16 5530.41 1 cu .m 520743.41
0.12cu
plastering with c m (1:3) 575.69 2917 20151.45
.m
Brick masonry with
c m (1:4) 50.67 4536.04 1 cu .m 246261
Steel 2.55 38925 1 tonne 99258.75
Painting with two coats
lead 52.84 168 1 sq m 8877.12
supply and filxing of doors
and windows
(a) for door D 1 4950 1nos 4950
(b) for door D1 9 4180 1nos 37620
c) for door D2 3 4080 1nos 12240
(d) for window W 4 3300 1nos 13200
(e) for window W1 8 2800 1nos 22400
COST OF THE
1086825.5
BUILDING
PROVISION FOR ELECTRICIAN 755985 X 0.08 86946.042
CHARGES 8%
PROVISION FOR WATER 755985 X 0.08 86946.042
SUPPLY OF 8%
PROVISION FOR PRETTY
PROVISION FOR
PROVISION FOR FLUCTUATION
CHARGES 3% 755985 X 0.03 32604.766
PROVISION FOR UNFORCEEN
CHARGES 2% 755985 X 0.02 21736.511
PROVISION FOR VARIATION OF
RATES 5% 755985 X 0.05 54341.276
SUNDRIES 1412873.2
ABSTRACT ESTIMATE HIG 2
S.No Item of work Quantity Rate Per Amount

1 Earthwork excavation 30.72 199.99 10 cu.m 614.36
for foundation
2 Refilling of earthwork 13.28 199.99 10 cu.m 2655.86
3 sand filling 66.39 1343 1 cu .m 89161.77
4 C C (1:4:8) 14.12 3890.72 1 cu .m 11944.51
5 C C (1:1.5:3) 40.53 5530.41 1 cu .m 224147
6 plastering with c m (1:3) 575.69 2917 0.12cu .m 20151.45
7 Brick masonry with 4536
c m (1:4) 54.29 4536.04 1 cu .m 246261
8 Steel 2.41 38925 1 tonne 93809.25
9 Painting with two coats
lead 52.84 168 1 sq m 8877.12
10 supply and filxing of doors

and windows
(a) for door D 1 4950 nos 4950
(b) for door D1 4 4180 nos 16720
c) for door D2 3 4080 nos 12240
(d) for window W 5 3300 nos 16500
(e) for window W1 3 2800 nos 8400
COST OF THE BUILDING 7,55,982
11 PROVISION FOR ELECTRICIAN 755985 X 0.08 60478.8
CHARGES 8%
12 PROVISION FOR WATER 755985 X 0.08 60478.8
SUPPLY OF 8%
13 PROVISION FOR PRETTY
14 PROVISION FOR
15 PROVISION FOR FLUCTUATION
CHARGES 3% 755985 X 0.03 22679.55
16 PROVISION FOR UNFORCEEN
CHARGES 2% 755985 X 0.02 15119.7
17 PROVISION FOR VARIATION OF
RATES 5% 755985 X 0.05 37799.25
SUNDRIES 22.5

PROJECT REPORT ON Ramki Group

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PROJECT REPORT ON

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

S. ROHINI RAMYA T.V.S. SURYA NARAYANA

We are much thankful to our principal Sir Mr. Y.RAJENDRA

We express our gratitude and graceful thanks to

We regard with pleasure our deep sense of gratitude to

We wish to express our heartful thanks to our faculty of CIVIL

DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

STUDENT NAME PIN NUMBER

B.VISWANATH SAI ANIL 15012-C-009

B.JNANA SAGAR 15012-C-012

K.SAI MANIKANTA 15012-C-032

P.SHYAM KUMAR 15012-C-041

K.SAI MANIKANTA 15012-C-032

The proposed site is located in PATURU which besides to the

Total cost of project:

SURVEYING OF THE PLOT

With the rapid increase in population and the availability of modern

The monolithic behaviour of concrete, differences in the geometric

Additionally, especially in large projects, reinforced concrete

These complexities can be resolved and the overall quality of the

In this paper requirements for managing information for multi user

The means of performing design computations on a standard basis

Hence it is a two way slab

Assume An Effective Cover = 25 mm

Revised Effective Depth = Total Depth - Effective Cover

From table 26 of IS-456:2000

Ast= 312.26 𝑚𝑚2 .

Ast provided = 312.26𝑚𝑚2 .

 =3d = 3x95 = 285mm

Ast provided = 150.73 𝑚𝑚2 .

Ast = 233.39 𝑚𝑚2 .

Ast provided =233.39𝑚𝑚2 .

Length of bar=1/5 th of shorter span

Area of cross−section of steel provided

Maximum permitted value = modification factor x Basic value (from Fig 4 of

= 0.170 < 1.4

Hence The Slab Is Safe Under Shear

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF SLAB

Along shorter span

1) Main straight 10 8 3.68 29.44 0.61 17.95

2) Main cranked 10 8 3.73 29.84 0.61 18.20

3) Anchor bar 10 6 3.68 22.08 0.61 13.46

Along longer span

1) Main straight 8 11 5.72 62.92 0.39 24.85

2) Main cranked 8 11 5.77 63.39 0.39 25.04

3) Anchor bar 10 6 5.72 34.32 0.61 20.93

1) At A1,A2 8 6 0.7 4.2 0.39 1.64

2) At B1,B2 8 12 0.7 8.4 0.39 3.276

Along shorter span

2) Main cranked 10 6 2.78 16.68 0.61 10.25

3) Anchor bar 10 6 2.73 16.38 0.61 10.07

Along longer span

1) Main straight 8 11 5.72 62.92 0.39 24.85

2) Main cranked 8 11 5.77 63.39 0.39 25.04

3) Anchor bar 10 6 5.72 34.32 0.61 20.93

1) At C1,C2 8 12 0.56 6.72 0.39 2.62

Along shorter span

1) Main straight 10 7 2.81 19.67 0.61 12.09

2) Main cranked 10 6 2.86 17.16 0.61 10.55

3) Anchor bar 10 6 2.81 16.86 0.61 10.36

Along longer span