Learning Objectives

1. To identify the different parts of the fruit

and describe the function of each
2. To categorize fruits:
A. Based on the origin
B. Based on the number of ovaries involved in
its formation
C. Based on consistency
Fruits
• Is the ripened ovary of the flower
• Parts of the fruit:
1. Seed
2. Pericarp –the wall of the fruit
A. Exocarp
B. Mesocarp
C. Endocarp
A. Based on the origin
1. Normal
– Fruit that develops after fertilization
2. Parthenocarpic
– fruit that develops without fertilization
B. Based on the number of ovaries
involved in its formation
1. Simple fruit
―Developed from one ovary
2. Compound fruit
– Develops from several ovaries
a. Aggregate
• Develops from several ovaries of a single flower
b. Multiple (Collective)
• develops from several ovaries of a compact
inflorescence
 Aggregate
Annona
squamosa
(Atis)

Multiple
Ananas comosus
(Pineapple)
C. Based on consistency
1. Pericarp Dry and Dehiscent
a. Legume or Pod
• Arises from a single carpel which maturity splits
along two sutures
• With the shell, pericarp enclosing the seeds
• Ex. Peanut, sitao, batao, patani
C. Based on consistency
b. Follicle
• Develops from single carpel and opens
along one suture
• Ex. Camachile
C. Based on consistency
c. Capsule
• Derives from an ovary with 2 or more united
carpels, each carpel producing few to many
seeds and splits in various ways
• Ex. Banaba, okra, cotton
C. Based on consistency
d. Silique
• Derived from superior ovary consisting of two
locules which at maturity separates into three
portions with the seeds attached to the
central, persistent portion
• Ex. Malunggay
C. Based on consistency
2. Pericarp Dry and Indehiscent
a. Achene
• Commonly called “seeds” but when the pericarp
is broken, the seeds within is seen to be attached
to the ovary wall at one point
• Ex. Sunflower
C. Based on consistency
b. Grain (Caryopsis)
• Like the achene, it is also one seeded, but
the pericarp and seed coat are firmly united
• Ex. Corn, Rice
C. Based on consistency
c. Samara
• May be one-seeded or two-seeded and has
wing like outgrowth of the ovary wall
• Ex. Narra, Maple
C. Based on consistency
d. Schizocarp
• Derived from 2 carpels which splits when
mature
• Ex. Mustard family
C. Based on consistency
e. Nut
• One seeded fruit with a hard or stony
pericarp commonly called the “shell”
• Ex. Cashew, Pistachio, Wall nut, Chestnut
C. Based on consistency
3. Pericarp Fleshy
a. Berry
• The pericarp is soft and fleshy
• Usually many seed are embedded in a fleshy part
which is both endocarp and mesocarp
• Ex. Eggplant, Tomato, Grapes
C. Based on consistency
b. Hesperidium
• Type of berry with a thick, leathery exocarp
and with thick juicy mesocarp
• Ex. Orange, Dalandan, Calamansi
C. Based on consistency
c. Pepo
• Berry-like fruit with hard exocarp while the
fleshy part of the fruit is principally mesocarp
and endocarp
• Ex. Watermelon, Cucumber
C. Based on consistency
d. Drupe
• Usually one seeded, exocarp is thin,
mesocarp may be fleshy of fibrous and the
endocarp is hard
• Ex. Coconut, Mango, Avocado
C. Based on consistency
e. Pome
• With thin, papery exocarp
• Derived from an inferior ovary, the fleshy part
is the enlarged floral tube and the core
comes from the ovary
• Ex. Apple, Pear