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Design Fuzzy-PI
PI Based Controller for
or Load Frequency Control of
Thermal - Thermal Area Interconnected Power System
Ajay Kumar Maurya1, Dr. G. K. Banerjee2, Dr. Piush Kumar3
1
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, IFTM University,
versity, Moradabad, Uttar
U Pradesh, India
1
Lecturer, Department of Electrical
ical & Electronics Technology, Federal TVET Institute, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
2
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India
3
Associate Professor, Department of EEE, SRMS College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly, UP, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents how to design proportional change in frequency and line voltage is measured,
integral controller and Fuzzy-PI PI based controller for which is a measure of the change in rotor angle. A
efficiently load frequency control. Loads on the well designed power system should be able to
electrical system always vary in relation to that time, guarantee the acceptable quality of the power supply
which results in diversity of frequency, causing by keeping the frequency and voltage levels within
frequency control problems to be loaded. The tolerable limits.
frequency difference is highly undesirable and the
maximum m allowable difference in frequency is ± 0.5 Changes in the network load mainly affect the system
Hz. This paper load frequency control is done by PI frequency, while the reactive power is less sensitive to
controller, which is a conventional controller. This frequency changes and depends mainly on voltage
type of controller is slow and the controller does not fluctuations. Thus, the control of the active and
allow the designer to keep in mind the potential reactive power in the power grid is treated separately.
change
ange in operating conditions and non non-linearity in The load frequency control is mainly concerned with
the generator unit. To overcome these flaws, new the control of the system frequency and the active
intelligent controllers like Fuzzy-PI PI Controller are power, while the automatic voltage regulator loop
presented to extinguish tie-line
line power due to deviation regulates the changes of the reactive power and
in frequency and various load disturbances. voltage magnitude. Load ad frequency control is the
basis of many advanced concepts of large scale
The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been control of the power system.
confirmed using the MATLAB / SIMULINK
software. The results show that the PI-fuzzy
fuzzy controller The load frequency control (LFC) controls the actual
provides fast response, little undershoots and power and frequency. MATLAB provides an
negligible overshoot with small state transfer time to excellent environment for modeling and
reach the final stable position. programming. It has great flexibility and utility for
engineering applications. SIMULINK is a visual
KEY WORDS: PI controller, Fuzzy controller, two modeling tool, which works on MATLAB shell. The
area power system, load frequency control goal of the load frequency control (LFC) is to
maintain zero steady state errors in a multi area
1. INTRODUCTION interconnected power system. The change in voltage
For large power systems consisting of interconnected and frequency from the nominal values, when there is
control areas, load frequencies, it is important to keep any mismatch in real power and reactive power
the frequency and the inter-area
area energy close to the generations and demands. It can be provided by
planned values. The mechanical input power is used sensitivity analysis that mismatches in the real power
to control the frequency of the generators
generators, and the balance affects primarily the system
sys frequency, but
0 1
t
0 2
given by
So for the double area, the equation should be 0.1
PT 1 (s ) PE 1 (s ) P1 2 (s ) 1 s f 1 (s ) B 1 f 1 (s ) (6)
2H -0.05
fo
-0.1
If 𝑇 = 𝐾 =
-0.15
Table 1: Ziegler-Nichols
Nichols tuning rules Therefore, the PI controller does not increase the
Type of control Gc(s) Kc Ti Td reaction
eaction rate. It can be expected because the PI
0.5 controller has no means of predicting what will
Proportional (P) Kc - - happen to the bug in the near future. This problem can
Ku
Proportional– 1 P
be solved by introducing a derivative mode that is
K c 1 0.45K u
- able to predict what will happen to the error in the
Integral(PI)
u
sTi 1.2
near
ear future and thus reduce it [13]
Proportional-
1 Pu Pu
Integral- K c 1 sTd 0.6K
sTi 2
u
8 3.2 Fuzzy Controller
Derivative (PID)
The general architecture of a fuzzy controller is
depicted in Figure (5) [14]. The origin of a fuzzy
controller is an fuzzy inference engine (FIS), which
includes fuzzification,, knowledge base evaluation
evalu
and defuzzification in the data flow. The inputs to the
systems are the error and the change in the error of the
feedback loop, while the output is the control action.
There are 7 trapezoidal membership functions in each
input i.e.NB (Negative Big), NM (Negative Medium),
NS (Negative Small), Z (Zero), PS (Positive Small),
PM (Positive Medium), PB (Positive Big). The
mamdani rule base adopted here and the
Figure 6: PI-Fuzzy
zzy Logic controller in Simulink
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.06
-0.07
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (Second) Figure 11: Two
wo area Thermal-Thermal
Thermal plant
Figure 9: Two area Thermal-Thermal
Thermal plant (Controlled with Fuzzy-PI) With Disturbance of 10
(Controlled with PI) with a Disturbance of 10 % in % in area-1:
1: Frequency deviation of area -2
area-1:
1: Frequency deviation of ar
area -2 4.4 Comparison between PI and Fuzzy-PI Fuzzy
Controller
4.3 Controlled Case with Fuzzy-PI PI Controller
The frequency changes in area-11 and area
area-2 for the
10% step load perturbation is shown in figure (10) and
(11). (10% step load perturbation is given in area -1).
The steady state error is zero in this case. The
frequency deviation of area-11 is much more
APPENDIX
Parameter Value
Figure 13: Comparison result between Fuzzy
Fuzzy-PI KP1 = KP2 120 Hz. / p.u. MW
and PI controller in with Disturbance of 10 % in KH1 =KH2 1 Hz. / p.u. MW
area-1:
1: Frequency deviation of area -2 KT1 =KT2 1 Hz. / p.u. MW
TP1 = TP2 20 Sec.
The comparison of peak undershoots; Peak Overshoot TH1 =TH2 0.08 Sec.
and Settling Time via PI controller and Fuzzy
Fuzzy-PI TT1 = TT2 0.3 Sec.
controller are given in Table [3]. B1 = B2 0.425 p.u. MW / Hz.
R1 = R2 2.4 Hz. / p.u. MW
Table 3: Thermal-Thermal
Thermal plant: PI Controller Vs To 0.0867 p.u. MW/Hz
Fuzzy-PI Controller
Peak Peak Settling References
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PI - - eighth reprint, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
0.02 0.00 12.8 14.8
Control 0.15 0.06 2009.
97 03 8 5
ler 57 29
3. H. Bevrani, Robust Power System Frequency
PI-
- - Control, Springer, New York, 2009.
Fuzzy 0.00 0.00
0.13 0.05 7.25 8.55
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