ROLLING

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 Introduction
Rail transport is an energy-efficient but capital-intensive means
of mechanized land transport. The electrification system
provides electrical energy to the trains, so they can operate
without a prime mover onboard. This allows lower operating
costs, but requires large capital investments along the lines.
In addition, the presence of track guiding the wheels allows
for very long trains to be pulled by one or a few engines, even
around curves, which allows for economies of scale in energy
use. Due to these benefits, rail transport is a major form of
passenger and freight transport in many countries. In Asia,
many millions use trains as regular transport in India, China,
South Korea and Japan while it is widespread in European
countries. Freight rail transport is widespread and heavily used
in North America.
Mainline and tram systems normally have overhead wires,
which hang from poles along the line. Grade-separated
rapid transit sometimes use a ground third rail. Power may
be fed as direct or alternating current. The most common
supplies are 600 and 750 V for tram and rapid transit systems,
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and 1,500 and 3,000 V for mainlines.
The two dominant AC systems are 15 kV AC and 25 kV AC.
Railway signalling is a system used to control railway traffic
safely to prevent trains from colliding.
The signalling process is located in small buildings that house
the transformers, the switches and signal equipment.
These are placed at various intervals along the route of a
railway, controlling specified sections of track.
Transformers and inductors for different purposes, line filter,
chopper reactor, auxiliary transformers etc.
All on-board components meet the standards EN 15085 and
EN 61373 Cat. 1 Class B.
Cast resin transformers for substations, tipically rated 3,0 or
3,5 MVA but normally designed considering Customer
technical specs.
This transformers are conveniently oversized to meet EN 50329
or EN 60146 standards.
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 Tram and Underground

A tram, is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks in streets. It may

also run between cities or towns, or partially grade separated
even in the cities such as light rail or light rapid transit.
Some trams may also run on ordinary railway tracks, a
tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit
line. Most trams today use electrical power, usually fed by a
pantograph; in some cases by a third rail and if necessary,
they may have several power systems.

A rapid transit, metro, subway, underground, or elevated

railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban
area with high capacity and frequency, and which is grade
separated from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are
typically either in underground tunnels or elevated above
street level. Outside urban centres, rapid transit lines
sometimes run grade separated at ground level.

Rapid transit is used in metropolitan areas to transport

large numbers of people at high frequency. The extent of
the rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with
several transport strategies: in larger metropolitan areas the
underground system may extend only to the limits of the inner
city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent
station stops.

Milan – Metro New Generation

• Third rail Voltage 750 V DC
• Line Filter Single Phase
Inductance L = 6 mH
Weight = 390 kg
• Routine test – Insulation voltage
12 kV for 60 sec – Coil immersed in water

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 Regional Trains

Regional rail is a passenger rail transport service that operates

between towns and cities. It operates with more stops and
lower distances than does intercity rail, but with fewer stops
and faster than commuter rail. Other terms include local train
and stopping train. Regional rails operate beyond the limits of
urban areas, and either connect similarly sized smaller cities
and towns, or connect cities to the surrounding towns,
outside or at the outer rim of the suburban belt.
Regional rail normally operates with an even service load
throughout the day, although slightly increased services may
be provided during rush-hour. The service is less oriented
around bringing commuters to the urban centers, although
this may generate part of the traffic on some systems. Other
regional rail services operate between two large urban areas,
but make many intermediate stops.

TSR Auxiliary converter reactors

• Overhead line Voltage 3000 V DC
• Line Filter Single Phase
Inductance L = 39 mH
Effective Current Ieff = 310 A DC
• Chopper Filter Single Phase
Inductance L = 2 mH
Effective Current Ieff = 400 A DC
• LC Filter Inverter Output 3 Phase
Inductance L = 1 mH
Effective Current Ieff = 150 A AC
• Routine test – Insulation voltage
12 kV for 60 sec – Coil immersed in water

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 High speed Trains

There are a number of different definitions for high-speed rail

in use worldwide and there is no single standard. EC Directive
96/58 defines high-speed rail as systems of rolling stock and
infrastructure which regularly operate at or above 250 km/h on
new tracks, or 200 km/h on existing tracks.
In the United States high-speed rail is defined as having
a speed above 110 mph (180 km/h) by the United States
Federal Railroad Administration.
In Japan high speed Shinkansen lines use standard gauge
track rather than narrow gauge track used on other Japanese
lines. These travel at speeds in excess of 260 km/h (160 mph)
without at-grade crossings.
By building a new rail infrastructure with 20th century
engineering, including elimination of constrictions such as
roadway at-grade (level) crossings, frequent stops, a
succession of curves and reverse curves, and not sharing the
right-of-way with freight or slower passenger trains, higher
speeds (250–320 km/h) are maintained.

TGV High Speed Train

• Overhead line Voltage 25000 V AC
• Water Cooled Smoothing reactor
Inductance L = 3 mH
Effective Current Ieff = 426 A
• Routine test – Insulation voltage
9,5 kV 50 Hz for 60 sec – Coil immersed in water

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 Substations

A traction substation or traction current converter plant is an

electrical substation that converts electric power from the
form provided by the electrical power industry for public utility
service to an appropriate voltage, current type, and frequency
to supply railways, streetcars, and/or trolleybuses with traction
current. Inside substations there could be installed also
signalling and standard distribution devices and transformers.
The transformers rated power for a traction application has to
be identified with a cycle described in EN 50329 or EN 60146
standards.

Metro Madrid substation

• Power 3,3 MVA
• Primary Voltage 15 kV
• Secondary Voltage 2 x 1225 V
• Protection IP00
• Cooling AN
• Weight 9.000 Kg
• Rectifier traction substation
• 12 pulse

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 www.markethink-action.it
Quality

• Quality as ISO certification 9001 Trasfor SA

• Quality as total respect of environment with ISO 14001 6995 Molinazzo di Monteggio
• Quality for the railway industry as IRIS - International Ticino - Switzerland
Railways Industry Standard
• Quality of products through UL File E172880 and UL File Telephone +41 58 58 84400
E216928 certification Service +41 58 58 84500
• Quality of welding through ISO EN 3834-2 and EN 15085 Fax +41 58 58 84600
certification
www.trasfor.ch
Quality through entrustment by the following certifying
bodies: Head office: infotrasfor@trasfor.ch
ABS - American bureau of shipping Trasfor consulting: service@trasfor.ch
BV - Bureau Veritas

Standards: all int. standards such as IEC, BS, CSA, UL,

VDE/DIN, ABS, BV, ANSI, DNV, LRS, CCS, RMRS etc.
Certificate of conformity to GOST R

Revision n°2.
20.02.2016

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