(5.67) and, therefore, during the solution of Equation (5.

67) some other variable

(e.g.
tap ratio) must be specified instead. Although d.c. convergence is marginally
slower
for the PDC, QDC iteration, the d.c. system is overconverged in this iteration
scheme
and the overall convergence rate is practically unaffected.
With the sequential method, Equation (5.68) cannot be written. The terminal busbar
is specified as a P-V busbar and the control equation
SP Vterm - Vterm - -0
Q;:rm (dc) - Qterm (dc) = 0
is used, where Q&, (dc) is taken as the reactive power required to maintain the
voltage constant. The specified reactive power thus varies at each iteration and
this
discontinuity slows the overall convergence.
5.3.4 Extension to multiple and/or muititerminal d.c. systems
The basic algorithm has been developed in previous sections for a single d.c.
converter.
Each additional converter adds a further five d.c. variables and a corresponding
set of
five equations. The number of a.c. system Jacobian elements which become modified
in the unified solutions is equal to the number of converters.
As an example, consider the system shown in Figure 5.7. The system represents the
North and South Islands of the New Zealand system, 220 kV a.c. system. Converters 1
and 2 form the original 600 MW, 500 kV d.c. link between the two islands. Converter
3
represents a 420 MW aluminium smelter. A further three-terminal d.c.
interconnection
has been added (Converters 4, 5 and 6) to illustrate the flexibility of the
algorithm.