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1. How to design a device that is capable of detection and monitoring the

moisture content and droving away pests on the rice grain in storage facility?

Design of rice protection system in a storage facility

2. How to develop a web page the serves as the interface of the device?

Develop web page interface for rice protection system in a storage facility

3. How to test the performance of the system in terms of:

3.1 Monitoring the moisture content;

Testing of the performance of the system in terms of monitoring

the moisture content

3.2 Detection and;

3.3 Droving away the pests

Testing of the performance of the system in terms of detection

and droving away the pests

4. How acceptable is the system in terms of:

4.1 Functionality

4.2 Reliability

4.3 Usability,

4.4 Efficiency

4.5 Portability?

Evaluation of the rice protection system in a storage facility

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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data acquired in the study

based on interview, observation, actual participation and evaluation of the respondents.

Design of rice protection system in a storage facility

In designing the rice protection system in a storage facility, the first step is to

conduct an intensive review of related literature and studies. Reviewing related work

provides better understanding of the problem and help the researcher to develop a better

designs and solutions.

Based on the review on the literature and existing studies, the researcher identifies

the problem, objectives and design parameters of the project. Then, the researcher

develops overview of the proposed system which includes the initial block diagram that

show the principal parts or functions which are represented by blocks and connected by

arrows that show the relationships of the blocks. Figure 3.1 shows the block diagram of

the system. The block diagram was primarily used to clarify the overall concept of the

study without the concern for the details of implementation.

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Figure 3.2 Block Diagram of the System

The block diagram is the basis of the identification of materials. The researcher

study and analyze the required components and materials for continuous workflow. The

following materials are used by the researcher to develop the device as shown in the table

4.1

Table 4.1. Materials/ Components used in the development of the Energy Harnessing

System

Materials and Components Function in the System

It acts as the brain of the system that

controls the communication and
connections between the components of
the device such as LCD screen and
sensors like, PIR motion sensor,
acoustic sound sensor, and DHT11
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Arduino ATMega2560 Temperature and Humidity sensor.

An electronic display module that
commonly used in various devices and
circuits to serve as the interface of the
system. It displays the moisture
content, temperature and humidity.

20x4 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Screen
It used to gather the temperature and
humidity of the facility and be able to
calculate the moisture content that will
be flashed on the LCD and webpage.

DHT11/DHT 22 Sensor
The sensor is used to detect the
presence of pest through the sound that
they produce

PIR Motion Sensor

This acts as the communication module
of the system where the data from the
arduino is transferred in Raspberry Pi
that flashes on the web page interface.

Raspberry Pi 3

After gathering of materials, the researchers perform a test for each component.

This is to ensure that each component is working properly. Then, a circuit schematic

diagram developed as shown in figure 4.2.

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Figure 4.2 Schematic Diagram of Micro-controller

The researchers proceeded on developing the circuit for the device and done

series of canvassing and designing on creating the design of circuit and how the

components will be placed in the casing. After creating the design of the circuit, the

researchers etched, mounted the components on the circuit, and conducted a test to

determine if it is functioning.
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Circuit Design Picture

Figure 4.1.1 Soft copy of Circuit Diagram of the Sensors

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Figure 4.1.2 Circuit Diagram of the Sensors Etched on the PCB

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The last part in designing is the prototyping, Prototyping gives the researchers a

chance to conduct a research in which new alternatives and test the existing design to

confirm machine’s functionality with respect to the production. One of the advantage of

prototyping is, as the implementer and the developer getting precious feedback from the

user even before the actual project is started. Figure 3.18 and Figure 3.19 shows the

design of the hardware prototype. The different components will connected together to

function as intended.

Figure 3.14 Design prototype

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(a) 2D wireframe (b) Realistic

Figure 3.15 Warehouse prototype

Figure 4.4 Prototype of the Warehouse

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Develop web page interface for rice protection system in a storage facility

In developing the interface of the rice protection system thru web page, the

researcher used the Iterative Model for the development of the proposed system.

Figure 3.1 Project Development based on the Iterative Model Project Design

As shown in the figure 3.1 iterative model involves several phases and these are:

1) Requirements; 2) Analysis and Design; 4) Coding; and 5) Testing and implementation.

This model ensures that the study will have minimal error once the construction is

finished and the desired output is achieved.

Requirements. In this phase, requirements are gathered and analyzed. Iteration

should eventually result in a requirements phase that produces a complete and final

specification of requirements. The system requirements which involve the checking the

requirement specification for the system to be work efficiently and the specifications are

highly advised to follow. The software requirement and the programming language will
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identified on this stage. The researcher uses microcontroller Arduino mega, which the

program language is the C++. Finally, software development will be done using the

flowchart of the study as the guide/

Analysis and Design. Analysis is performed to nail down the appropriate

business logic and database models that will be required at this stage in the project.

Design specification describes how a system performs the requirements outlined. This

stage focuses on anticipating what is going to be built and what it should appear and

ensuring that the interface has elements that are easy to access, understand, and use to

facilitate those actions. The system design specifications function as input for the next

phase which is the coding phase. As used in this study, program designs are constructed

using a top-down approach. Major linked of the program mechanisms and interfaces then

stretched out the design layouts into smaller subsystems or modules.

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Figure 3.3 Flowchart of Web Interface and LCD

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The flowchart in Figure 3.3 shows how the data being gathered from the sensors

going to the arduino like the temperature, humidity, moisture content, and pests presence

are displayed on the web browser and in the LCD

Figure 3.4 Flowchart of Pest Detection

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In figure 3.4, it shows how the device monitors the presence of pest in the storage.

Motion sensor is used to detect the presence of pest through the motion or movement that

they produce. The data gathered by the sensors will transfer to the microcontroller. If

there is a presence of movement or none, the microcontroller will display and save the

data in the web interface continuously.

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Figure 3.5 Flowchart of Moisture Content Monitoring

Figure 3.5 shows how the device monitors the moisture content of the rice in the

storage. By using the temperature and humidity sensor, it will gather data about the

condition of the storage then transfer it to the microcontroller and it will compute the

moisture content and tells if it is stable or not. The data will be displayed in the LCD and

web interface and if the moisture content is not stable, it will notify the user.

Coding. Ensures that the system will function as expected because software and

hardware designed will be develop based on the detailed specifications that are reflected

on the flowchart.

Screenshot of Codes
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Figure 4.2.1 Screen shot code of the Device

Figure 4.2.2 Screen shot code of the Device

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Figure 4.2.3 Screen shot code of the Device

Figure 4.2.4 Screen shot code of the Device

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Figure 4.2.5 Screen shot code of the Device

Figure 4.2.6 Screen shot code of the Device

Testing and Implementation. After the development of the proposed system, it

will pass through several testing procedures. In this iteration, it doesn’t guarantee that the

project works according to all the requirements. Multiple errors and issues are the main

purpose of testing phase. The implementation is the last step where the researchers will

make preparation on installing the proposed system.

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Screenshots of Interface

Figure 4.3.1 Screen shot interface from LCD (Station 1)

Figure 4.3.2 Screen shot from LCD (Station 2)

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Figure 4.3.3 Screen shot from LCD (Station 3)

Figure 4.3.4 Screen shot from LCD (Station 4)

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Figure 4.3.5 Screen shot from web page

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Testing of the performance of the system in terms of monitoring the moisture

content

In final testing, the researcher test the device against the existing measurement

instrument which is the moisture tester. The researcher conduct a series of test trial this is

to test the functionality and reliability of the device in terms of detecting moisture content

in the facilities. The results of the testing are show in table 4.3

Table 4.3 Results of testing on getting the moisture content.

Moisture
Moisture LED
Relative Content
Trial Tempera Content Indicator/
DATE TIME Humidity %
No. ture ('C) % LCD
(%) (Propose
(Tester) display
d Device)
03/28/ 3:45:00
1 32 57 12.72 13.00 Low
18 PM
03/28/ 5:39:00
Low
2 18 PM 31 58 12.86 12.50
03/31/ 2:14:00
3 Low
18 PM 31 59 13.01 13.00
03/31/ 3:35:00
Low
4 18 PM 31 57 12.72 12.50
03/31/ 4:23:00
5 Low
18 PM 30 60 13.23 13.00
2:56:00
4/1/18 Low
6 PM 30 61 13.38 13.00
4:25:00
7 4/1/18 Low
PM 34 53 11.95 12.00
12:32:0
4/1/18 Low
8 0 PM 32 55 12.37 12.50
2:36:00
9 4/2/18 Low
PM 30 61 13.38 13.00
3:15:00
10 4/2/18 Low
PM 30 61 13.38 13.00
10:10:0
11 4/2/18 High
0PM 27.5 68 14.69 13.00
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10:30:0
4/2/18 Low
12 0PM 28 61 13.52 13.00
MEAN 13.10 12.79 Low
% ERROR 2.36

Table 4.3 shows the reuslts of testing in terms of determining the moisture content

using Chung-Pfost Equation and by using moisture tester. Chung-Pfost equation give

results with ±2.36% margin error compared to the moisture tester. The moisture tester has

a ±1.5 margin error which will affect the actual marginal error of the equation from

±0.86% up to ±3.86%.

Testing of the performance of the system in terms of detection and droving away the

pests

Another testing will be conducted this time is for rice grain storage protection

against pest. The result of testing as show in the table 4.4

Table 4.4 Results of testing for detecting and droving away pests.

LED
Type of
DATE/TIME Indicator/LCD REMARKS
PEST
display

3/22/18 Sensors are triggered in every

Rat HIGH
4:37 PM station when the rat is detected.

Sensors are triggered in every

3/27/18 station when the rat is detected and
Rat HIGH
3:16 PM activates the pest module that makes
the rat irritated.
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Sensors are triggered in every

04/02/18 station when the rat is detected and
Rat HIGH
2:21 PM activates the pest module that makes
it irritated.

Table 4.4 shows the results of the detection of pests. The tests show that the pests

(whenever they are moving on a station) are irritated when the pest module is activated

by the sensor that detects the pests.

Evaluation of the rice protection system in a storage facility

The project evaluation involved the following categories which have their

respective questions answered by the respondents: functionality, reliability, usability,

maintainability, efficiency, and portability. The evaluation results of each category are as

follows:

Table 4.5 Respondent’s Assessment on the Functionality of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities

Using Microcontroller and Sensors

Responses Descriptive
Functionality Mean
5 4 3 2 1 Responses
1. The system is easy to use
0 12 8 0 0 3.60 AGREE
and operate.
2. The system performs the
required task that is 0 16 4 0 0 3.80 AGREE
according to its function.
3. The system provides
4 12 4 0 0 4.00 AGREE
precise information in
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monitoring and detection.

Overall weighted Mean 3.80 AGREE

Table 4.5 shows the overall computed mean on the category for functionality that

gives a rate of 3.80 which signifies that the Rice Grain Protection System in Storage

Facilities Using Microcontroller and Sensors meets a good rating from the respondents.

The device implies that it provides precise information in terms of monitoring and

detection because the respondents give this the highest rate of 4.00 and the lowest rate of

3.60 which signifies that the system is easy to use and operate.

Table 4.6 Respondent’s Assessment on the Reliability of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities

Using Microcontroller and Sensors

Responses Descriptive
Reliability Mean
5 4 3 2 1 Responses
1. Reliable in terms of
monitoring the moisture 2 16 2 0 0 4.00 AGREE
content of the rice grain.
2. Reliable in terms of
detecting the presence of 4 14 2 0 0 4.10 AGREE
pests in the storage.
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3. Reliable on droving away

pests that are present in the 0 14 6 0 0 3.70 AGREE
storage.
Overall weighted Mean 3.93 AGREE

Table 4.6 shows the overall computed mean on the category for reliability that

gives a rate of 3.91 which signifies that the Rice Grain Protection System in Storage

Facilities Using Microcontroller and Sensors meets a good rating from the respondents.

The device implies that it is reliable in terms of detecting the presence of pests in the

storage because the respondents gave the highest rate of 4.10 and lowest rate of 3.70 for

the reliability in terms of droving away pests that are present in the storage.

Table 4.7 Respondent’s Assessment on the Usability of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities

Using Microcontroller and Sensors

Responses Descriptive
Usability Mean
5 4 3 2 1 Responses
1. The system is easy to learn
0 8 12 0 0 3.40 UNDECIDED
even in different users.
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2. The system can be

operated easily in a given 4 14 2 0 0 4.10 AGREE
environment.
3. The system provides the
information needed by the 4 14 2 0 0 4.10 AGREE
user.
Overall weighted Mean 3.87 AGREE

Table 4.7 shows the overall computed mean on the category for usability that

gives a rate of 3.87 which signifies that the Rice Grain Protection System in Storage

Facilities Using Microcontroller and Sensors meets a good rating from the respondents.

The device gets the highest rating of 4.10 from the respondents which emphasizes that

the system provides the information needed by the user and can be operated easily in a

given environment, and a lowest rate of 3.40 which is undecided.

Table 4.8 Respondent’s Assessment on the Maintainability of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities Using

Microcontroller and Sensors

Responses Descriptive
Maintainability Mean
5 4 3 2 1 Responses
1. The repair and
troubleshooting can be done 0 2 18 0 0 2.90 UNDECIDED
by the user
2. The project can operate
0 10 10 0 0 3.50 AGREE
accurately by itself
3. The device can adopt to a
little changes in the 0 14 6 0 0 3.70 AGREE
environment
Overall weighted Mean 3.37 UNDECIDED
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Table 4.8 shows the overall computed mean under the category of maintainability

that receives a rating of 3.37 which signifies that the respondents are undecided in terms

of this category because the troubleshooting part requires knowledge about the

technology used in the device and get a rating of 2.90. But, in terms adapting to little

changes in the environment, the respondents give a mean of 3.70 which signifies that they

agreed.

Table 4.9 Respondent’s Assessment on the Efficiency of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities Using

Microcontroller and Sensors

Responses Descriptive
Efficiency Mean
5 4 3 2 1 Responses
1. The performas the specific
0 10 10 0 0 3.50 AGREE
task according to its function
2. The system can be used to
6 10 4 0 0 4.10 AGREE
minimize rice grain loss.
3. The system can contribute
8 12 0 0 0 4.40 AGREE
for the agricultural economy.
Overall weighted Mean 4.00 AGREE

Table 4.9 shows the overall computed mean on the category for efficiency that

gives a rate of 4.00 which signifies that the Rice Grain Protection System in Storage

Facilities Using Microcontroller and Sensors meets a good rating from the respondents.
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The performance of the device according to its specific task and function receives the

lowest rating of 3.50 from the respondents but a highest rate of 4.40 in terms that the

system can contribute for the agricultural economy.

Table 4.10 Respondent’s Assessment on the Portability of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities Using

Microcontroller and Sensors

Responses Descriptive
Portability Mean
5 4 3 2 1 Responses
1. The system is easy to set
0 10 10 0 0 3.50 AGREE
up anytime
2. The system gives accurate
data to the interface based on 2 12 6 0 0 3.80 AGREE
the gathered data.
3. The system provides a
good power supply for the 4 12 4 0 0 4.00 AGREE
device.
Overall weighted Mean 3.77 AGREE

Table 4.10 shows the overall computed mean on the category for portability that

gives a rate of 3.77 which signifies that the Rice Grain Protection System in Storage

Facilities Using Microcontroller and Sensors meets a good rating from the respondents.

In terms of giving accurate data to the interface based on the gathered data the device

receives a rate of 3.80 from the computed mean of the respondents, highest rate of 4.00

for providing a good power supply for the device, and the lowest rate of 3.50 in terms of

setting up the device anytime.

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Table 4.11 Respondent’s Overall Assessment of the

Rice Grain Protection System on Storage Facilities Using

Microcontroller and Sensors

Criteria Mean Descriptive Responses

Functionality 3.80 AGREE

Usability 3.87 AGREE
Reliability 3.93 AGREE
Maintainability 3.37 UNDECIDED
Efficiency 4.00 AGREE
Portability 3.77 AGREE
Overall weighted Mean 3.79 AGREE

The overall mean of the proposed Rice Grain Protection System in Storage

Facilities Using Microcontroller and Sensors 3.79 is obtained from all the computed

overall mean of each category/ criteria from the evaluation which implies that the device

provided a good rating to all of its users. The highest rate of 4.00 gives emphasize to the

efficiency of the device which signifies that the respondents believe that the device can

contributes on agricultural economy. The lowest rating of 3.37 implies that the device

receives an undecided rating for its maintainability.

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