DK025 STUDY WORKBOOK

CHAPTER 6 : CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

6.1 DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

1. Forward reaction is :

Backward reaction is :

Reversible reaction is :

2. Given the reaction: NO2(g) + CO(g) NO(g) + CO2(g)

a) If one mole of NO2 and one mole of CO are mixed in a 1.0 litre container, the rate of
the forward reaction will initially be (fast / slow) ______________________________

b) While the forward rate > the reverse rate, the [NO] and the [CO2] will be
(increasing / decreasing) __________________________________________________

c) After the initial mixing, the rate of the forward reaction will be _____________________.
The rate of the reverse reaction will we __________________________________.

d) Once equilibrium is established, what can be said about the rates of the forward and
reverse reaction? ______________________________________________________

e) Once equilibrium is established, what is happening to the [NO]? ________________

f) Once equilibrium is established, what is happening to the [CO2]? ________________

g) Once equilibrium is established, what is happening to the [NO2]? ________________

h) Once equilibrium is established, what is happening to the [CO]? ________________

3. Give 4 characteristics of a system at equilibrium.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

4. Give 3 features of a graph of [ ] vs time for reversible reaction.

i.
ii.
iii.

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6.2 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

1. LAW OF MASS ACTION :

Homogeneous Equilibrium:

Heterogeneous Equilibrium:

2. Write the equilibrium expression ( Kc & Kp ) for the following reactions.

a) 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O (g) f) 2NO(g) + Br2(g)  2NOBr(g)

b) C(s) + CO2(g)  2CO(g) g) H2CO3(s)  H2O(l) + CO2(g)

c) KCl(l) + Na(l)  NaCl(l) + K(g) h) 2CrO42-(aq) + 2H+(aq)  Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O(l)

d) Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq)  FeSCN2+(aq) i) NaCl(s) + H2SO4(l)  HCl(g) + NaHSO4 (s)

e) MgCO3(s) + 2H3O+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + 3H2O(l) + CO2(g)

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3. For the following three reactions, write the Kc / Kp expression and calculate the value of
Kc / Kp / [ ] / mol

Equations Data given Kc / Kp expression Calculation

N2(g) + 3 H2(g)  2 NH3(g) At equilibrium:

[N2] = 1.50 M
[H2] = 2.00 M
[NH3]= 0.01 M

HF(aq)  H+(aq) + F- (aq) At equilibrium:

[HF] = 0.5 mol

[H+] = 0.01 mol
[F ]= 0.01 mol

Volume = 2.0 L

H2 (g) + Cl2(g)  HCl(g) At equilibrium:

[H2] = ___?___ M
[Cl2] = 1.0 x 10-2 M
[HCl] = 1.0 x 10-4 M

Kc = 1.0 x 10-4

2SO2 (g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g) At equilibrium:

PSO2 = 1.5 atm

PO2 = 0.8 atm
PSO3 = 1.2 atm

CO(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) At equilibrium:

PCO = 1.3 atm

PCO2 = 0.5 atm
PO2 = ___?___ atm

Kc = 3.61
T = 25 0C

HCN(g)  H+(aq) + CN-(aq) At equilibrium:

[HCN] = 0.005 M
[H+] = 0.01 M
Mol CN- = __?___

Kp = 1.22
T = 25 0C
V = 10.0 L

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4. SO3(g) + H2O(g) ⇄ H2SO4(l)

At equilibrium;
[SO3] = 0.400M, [H2O] = 0.480M
[H2SO4] = 0.600M
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc.

5. At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant

for the reaction 3C2H2(g)  C6H6(g) is 4.0.

If the equilibrium concentration of C2H2 is 0.60M,

what is the concentration of C6H6?

6. At equilibrium at 100oC, a 2.0L flask contains:

0.075 mol of PCl5 , 0.050 mol of H2O,
0.750 mol 0f HCl and 0.500 mol of POCl3

Calculate the Kc for the reaction;

PCl5 (s) + H2O (g) ⇄ 2HCl (g) + POCl3 (g)

7. Kc= 798 at 25oC for the reaction:

2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇄ 2SO3 (g).

In a particular mixture at equilibrium, [SO2] = 4.20

M and [SO3] =11.0M. Calculate the equilibrium [O2]
in this mixture at 25oC

8. Consider the following equilibrium;

2CH4(g) + 3O2(g) ⇄ 2CO(g) + 4H2O(g).

The equilibrium constant is 0.045. The

concentrations of O2, CO and H2O are as follows:
[O2] = 2.00, [CO] = 3.00 [H2O] = 1.00. What would
be the concentration of CH4 at equilibrium?

9. The decomposition of ammonium hydrogen

sulphide: NH4HS(s) ⇄ NH3(g) + H2S(g) is an
endothermic process.
An amount of 5.2589 g of NH4HS sample was
placed in a 3-L container at 25C. After attaining
equilibrium, the pressure in the container was
0.659 atm. Calculate the value of Kp

10. Chlorine molecules will dissociate at high

temperatures into chlorine atoms.
Cl2(g) 2 Cl(g)

At 3000C, Kc for the equilibrium shown is 0.55. If

the partial pressure of chlorine molecules is 1.5
atm, calculate the partial pressure of the chlorine
atoms.

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6.2 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT (I.C.E)

1. Consider the gaseous equilibrium 2A(g)  2B(g) + C(g). 4.0 moles of A are put in a 1L flask. At
equilibrium, the flask is found to contain 1.0 mole of C. Calculate the equilibrium constant, KC.

[A]= [B]= [C]=

2A(g)  2B(g) + C(g)

INITIAL (M)

CHANGE (M)

EQUILIBRIUM (M)

2. For the reaction, 2NO2(g)  N2O4(g). At a given temperature, 1.0 mole NO2 is placed in a 10.0L
container. After equilibrium is established, there are 0.20 moles N2O4 present. Calculate KC at
this temperature.

[NO2]= [N2O4]=

2NO2(g)  N2O4(g)
INITIAL (M)

CHANGE (M)

EQUILIBRIUM (M)

3. Consider the following gaseous equilibrium, 3A(g)  2B(g) + C(g).

3.0 moles of A were put into a 1L flask. At equilibrium it was found that 0.5 moles of C was
present. What is the value of the equilibrium constant, KC?

[A]= [B]= [C]=

3A(g)  2B(g) + C(g)

INITIAL (M)

CHANGE (M)

EQUILIBRIUM (M)

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4. 4.0 moles of PCl are placed in a 2-L flask, PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
When equilibrium is established, the flask is found to contain 0.40 moles of Cl2. Determine the
equilibrium constant for this reaction.

PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

INITIAL (mol)
CHANGE (mol)
EQUILIBRIUM (mol)

EQUILIBRIUM (M)

5. A mixture containing 1.0 moles of H2(g) and 1.0 moles of CO2(g) is placed in a 1.0L container at
800°C. At equilibrium, 0.491 moles of CO2(g ) and 0.491 moles of H2O(g) are present.
H2(g) + CO2(g)  H2O(g) + CO(g)

Calculate the concentrations of H2(g) and CO2 (g) at equilibrium and the equilibrium constant, Kc.

H2(g) + CO2(g)  H2O(g) + CO(g)

INITIAL (mol)
CHANGE (mol)
EQUILIBRIUM (mol)

6. A mixture containing 0.075M of HCl(g) and 0.033M O2(g) is allowed to come to equilibrium at
480°C
4HCl(g) + O2(g)  2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g)

At equilibrium, the concentration of Cl2 is 0.030M. What are the equilibrium concentrations of
HCl, O2, H2O and calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc.

4HCl(g) + O2(g)  2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g)

INITIAL (mol)

CHANGE (mol)

EQUILIBRIUM (mol)

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7. Consider the reaction CO(g) + H2O(g)  CO2(g).

Into a 1-L vessel are placed 5.0 moles CO and 3.0 moles H2O and the system is heated to a
reacting temperature. At equilibrium, analysis shows the presence of 1.5 mole CO2. What is
the value of the equilibrium constant KC?

8. Consider the reaction 2A(g) + B(g)  2C(g) + D(g).

Initially, 3.0 moles of A and 5.0 moles of B are placed in a vessel and reacted. At equilibrium,
0.5 moles of D is found. What is KC?

9. Carbon monoxide and water react at 1000°C to give the ff equation:

CO(g) + H2O(g)  CO2(g) + H2(g)
Into a 1-L vessel is placed initially 0.750 moles CO and 0.500 moles H2O. Analysis at
equilibrium shows the presence of 0.200 moles H2. Find the value of KC.

10. For the reaction; 2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g) Kc = 0.016 at 500°C

If 1.0 mole HI is placed in a 2.0-L container and allowed to come to equilibrium at 500°C,
calculate the equilibrium concentrations of HI, H2 and I2.

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11. Consider the following reaction at 600°C;N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

Initially, 4.0 moles NH3 is placed in a 1.0-L container. At equilibrium, 3.0 mole H2 are found
in the container. Determine Kc.

12. If HI is 25% dissociated according to the equation 2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g) at a given
temperature.
a. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of HI, H2 and I2 if we start with 10 moles of
HI in a 1.0-L container
b. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant

13. The equilibrium constant for the gaseous equilibrium X(g)  3Y(g) is 2.0. A 2-L flask
contains 3.0 moles of X at equilibrium. How many moles of X does the flask contain at
equilibrium?

14. At 100°C the equilibrium constant for the reaction CO(g) + Cl2(g)  COCl2(g) is 4.57x109.
If 1.00 mole COCl2 is confined in a 1.00-L container, find the concentration of CO after
equilibrium.

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6.2 EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT (for Same Reaction)

1. For the reaction 2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g) Kc = 0.016 at 500°C

Calculate;
a. Kc for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g) at 500°C

b. Kc for the reaction HI(g)  ½ H2(g) + ½ I2(g) at 500°C

c. Kc for the reaction ½ H2(g) + ½ I2(g)  HI(g) at 500°C

d. Kc for the reaction 4HI(g)  2H2(g) + 2I2(g) at 500°C

2. For the reaction 2A(g) + B(g)  2C(g) Kc = 0.18 at 200°C

Calculate KC and KP for following reaction at same temperature.

a. 2C(g)  2A(g) + B(g)

b. A(g) + ½ B(g)  C(g)

c. C(g)  A(g) + ½ B(g)

d. 4A(g) + 2B(g)  4C(g)

e. 4/3C(g)  2/3A(g) + 1/3B(g)

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6.2 DEGREE OF DISSOCIATION( α)

1. Complete the following table

The
The initial The amount Dissociation % of
decomposed
amount of of reactants at degree Dissociation
Equations amount of
reactants equilibrium
reactants (α)
(I) (E)
(C)

2NH3(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 0.5 moles 0.3 moles 0.2 moles 0.60

2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g) 1.2 moles 0.9 moles 0.3 moles 0.75

N2O4(g)  2 NO2(g) 0.8 moles 0.6 moles 0.25

PCl5(g)  PCl3((g) + Cl2(g) 0.6 moles 0.36 moles 0.40

2BaO2(s)  2BaO (s) + O2(g) 0.8 moles 0.2 moles

NH4Cl(s)  NH3(g) + Cl2(g) 1.0 moles 0.3 moles

2 O3 (g) 3 O2 (g) 2.0 moles 0.36

2NOg) N2 (g) + O2 (g) 4.0 moles 0.30

2. Given that the equilibrium : I2(g)  2I(g). If the initial amount of I2 is 0.40 moles and at
equilibrium presents 0.15 moles of I2, determine the dissociation degree of I2.

3. At equilibrium of: 2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g) presents are 0.80 moles of HI(g); 0.20 moles of H2(g)
and 0.20 moles of I2(g). Determine the value of dissociation degree of HI.

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4. Given that the equilibrium : 2HI(g)  H2(g) + I2(g), The initial amount HI is 0.75 mol and 20%
of HI is dissociated.
a. Determine the amount of each substance at equilibrium
b. Determine the value of Kc

5. At 270C there is the equilibrium equation : PCl5(g)  PCl3((g) + Cl2(g). The initial amount of
PCl5 is 0.25 moles, and at equilibrium the amount is 0.15 moles Cl2.
a. calculate the dissociation degree of PCl5
b. determine the amount of each substance at equilibrium
c. determine the value of KC and KP

6. If 3.00 moles of B are placed in a 1.00 L flask at 25 oC, calculate the degree of dissociation
(α) of B. If Kc for B at 25oC is 0.100 M

7. Given that the equilibrium: N2O4(g)  2 NO2(g). If the proportional the number of mole of
N2O4 and NO2 at equilibrium position is 1: 2, determine the value of dissociation degree of
N2O4.

8. Kp = 54.4 at 355.0°C for the reaction H2 + I2  2HI. What percentage of I2 will be converted
to HI if 0.20 mole each of H2 and I2 are mixed and allowed to come to equilibrium at 355.0°C
and a total pressure of 0.50 atm

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6.2 REACTION QUOTIEN (Q)

1. At 1000 °C, Kc= 1.17 for the reaction: CO2 (g) + C(s)  2 CO(g)
A 10.0 L vessel contains 1.5 x 10-3 mol of CO2(g) and 5.5 x 10-3 mol of CO. Some solid carbon is
added and the temperature increased to 1000 °C. Will more CO(g) form?

2. Consider the reaction: 2 NOBr(g)  2 NO(g) + Br(g) Kc= 3.07 x 10-4 at 24°C. For each of the
following sets of initial conditions, describe in which direction the reaction will proceed to reach
equilibirum.

3. A mixture of 1.57 mol of N2, 1.92 mol of H2, and 8.13 mol of NH3 is introduced into a 20.0 L reaction
vessel at 500 K. At this temperature, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.7 x 102;
N2(g) + 3 H2(g)  2NH3(g)
Is the reaction mixture at equilibrium? If not, what is the direction of the net reaction?

4. At 927°C Kc= 3.91 for the reaction: CO(g) + 3 H2 (g)  CH4(g) + H2O(g)
Initially [CO] = [H2] = 0.0200 M and [CH4] = [H2O] = 0.00100 M. Under these initial conditions, is
this reaction at equilibrium? If not, which direction will the reaction proceed to attain equilibrium?

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