12th Class Physics

Physics 12th Class
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Five Year Papers
1. If a liquid contracts on freezing, an increase of pressure __________ the freezing point.
2. The flux through a surface is maximum, when the angle between E and A is __________.
3. An electron volt = __________ joules.
4. Uit of Electric intensity in S.I system is __________.
5. __________ is the unit of mutual-inductance.
6. Back e.m.f is the effect of self-inductance in a coil when __________ current passes.
7. From the theory of relativity the velocity of light is a __________ constant and is equal to
__________m/s.
8. The amount of heat, which is absorbed during the change of state without the rise in temperature, is
known as __________.
9. If heat energy is removed from the system, the change in entropy is __________.
10. The flux through a closed surface, which does not contain any charge, is __________.
11. The electric field at any point between two oppositely charged plain sheet is __________.
12. __________ is the unit of physical quantity, Magnetic Induction B.
13. If a one-metre long wire is placed perpendicularly in a magnetic field of value 5mT, the force it experiences
is equal to 5N.
14. The value of the permitivity of free space is given by __________.
15. The minimum energy required to excite a hydrogen atom is __________.
16. During the change of state, the heat supplied does not change the temperature. It is used in __________.
17. The flux through a surface is maximum when the angle between E and DA is __________.
18. The resistivity of a material of a conductor increases due to increase in __________.
19. Back e.m.f is the effect of self-inductance in a coil when a __________ current passes through it.
20. The frequency of the incident light at which the photons have energy equal to the work function of a metal
is called the __________ of that metal.
21. When temperature of source and sink of a heat engine becomes equal, the entropy change will be
__________.
22. Quantity of heat in a body depends upon its mass temperature and __________.
23. Electric flux through any closed surface due to point charges enclosed in it is equal to __________.
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24. The __________ in the free electron is responsible for generation of current in the wire.
25. Units of electrical energy commonly used is __________.
26. A balanced __________ is used to determine an unknown resistance.
27. Nuclei of same element with different nuclear masses but the same charge number are called __________.
28. Radiations with wavelength greter than red light are called __________ radiations.
29. The galvanometer can be made sensitive if the value of the factor C/BNA is __________.
30. A particle with mass equal to an electron but charge that of proton is called __________.
Chapter 11
Heat
1. Mathematically Boyle’s Law is stated as __________.
2. Mathematically Charle’s Law is stated as __________.
3. Absolute Zero of the temperature is __________.
4. The gas in which the molecules exert no force on each other is called __________.
5. In an ideal gas the molecules have __________.
6. Most of the gases with low density and well above the liquefication temperature behave as __________.
7. “At constant pressure and temperature the number of kilomoles of any gas is proportional to the volume of
the gas.” This is called __________.
8. General gas law is mathematically stated as __________.
9. General gas law or general gas equation is derived from __________, __________, and __________.
10. The value of universal gas constant R is given by __________.
11. The pressure of an ideal gas is given by the following equation __________.
12. In terms of average kinetic energy of the molecules of the gas, the pressure of an ideal gas is given as
__________.
13. “Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.” This is
called __________.
14. The change in length per unit length per Kelvin rise in temperature is called __________.
15. Mathematically co-efficient linear expansion is written as __________.
16. Coefficient of cubical expansion in terms of co-efficient of linear expansion is written as __________.
17. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0kg of a substance through 1k is called
__________.
18. The study of relationship between heat and other forms of energy is called __________.

19. Any object or set of objects that we wish to consider is called __________.
20. Every thing other than the system is termed as __________.
21. A system in which the mass of the system remains constant is called a __________.
22. The variables like p, V and t are called __________.
23. The process in which the state variables acquire the same values at all stages of the process independent of
the direction in which the process is being carried out is called __________.
24. A cyclic process is that in which during each cycle, it extracts heat from a heat reservoir maintained at one
temperature, converts part of this energy to useful work and rejects the remainder to a heat reservoir at a
lower temperature is called __________.
25. The ratio of net output work per cycle to input energy per cycle is called __________.
26. A cycle that has highest possible efficiency is called __________.
27. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine is defined as __________.
28. “Heat flows spontaneously from a hotter to a colder body, but not the other way round.” This is called
__________.
29. “It is impossible for a cyclic system to transfer heat from body at a low temperature to a body at a higher
temperature unles external work is done on system." This is __________.
30. It is impossible to construct an engine, operating continuously in a cycle, which does nothing other than to
take heat from a source and perform an equivalent amount of work without having a sink.” This is
__________.
31. A heat engine operating in reverse is called __________.
32. A device, which causes heat to flow from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir, is
called __________.
33. Coefficient of performance of refrigerator is __________.
34. Measure of disorder is called __________.
35. The change in entropy is __________.
36. Second law of th4ermodynamics can be restated in terms of entropy as __________.
Chapter 12
Electrostatics
1. Mathematically coulomb’s Law of electrostatic is stated as F = __________.
2. The value of Coulomb’s constant k is given as __________.
3. The value of coulomb’s constant k in terms of permitivity of free space is given as __________.
4. The value of permitivity of free space is __________.
5. The unit of charge in SI system is __________.

6. One coulomb is that quantity of charge which when placed one metre from an identical charge in vacuum (or
air) repels with a force equal to __________.
7. Coulomb’s force in the medium of relative permitivity Îr is given as __________.
8. 1 mC = __________.
9. 1pC = __________.
10. The space around any charge in which its influence could be felt by another charge placed there is called
__________.
11. Electric field intensity E at any point surrounding the charge q is defined as __________.
12. If E represents electric field intensity and q o a point charge, then mathematically electric field intensity is
defined as __________.
13. The electric field intensity at a point in an electric field is defined as __________.
14. The potential at a point, a distance r from a charge q is __________.
15. 1 volt = __________.
16. The quantity DV/DR is called __________.
17. The unit of electric intensity E, N/C is equivalent to __________.
18. The amount of energy acquired or lost by an electron when it is displaced across two points between which
the potential difference is one volt is called __________.
19. 1eV = __________.
20. A device, which is used to store electric charge, is called __________.
21. The ratio Q/V is called __________.
22. The unit of capacitance is __________.
23. 1 farad = __________.
24. 1 micro farad = __________.
25. 1 pico farad = __________.
Chapter 13
Current Electricity
1. If A is the area of cross-section of a conductor and L is the length of the conductor, then resistivity “ r” of a
conductor is given by the relation __________.
2. The unit of resistivity is __________.
3. Resistance ‘R’ of a wire of length ‘L’, cross-section area ‘A’ and resistivity ‘r’ is given by the relation
__________.
4. If same current passes through all the resistance and the resistors provide a simple path to the flow of the
current, then they are said to be connected in __________.

5. If two or more resistors are joined such a way that one end of each resistor is connected to one terminal of
the battery while the other ends are connected to the second terminal of the battery, they they are said to be
connected in __________.
6. If resistors R1, R2, R3 ….R4 are connected in series then the resultant equivalent resistance R e is given by
__________.
7. If resistors R1, R2, R3 ….R4 are connected in parallel then the resultant equivalent resistance R e is given by
__________.
8. Resultant resistance of the resistors joined in parallel is __________than the least resistance of the
component resistors.
9. As the charge flows through the conductor energy is dissipitated in the form of __________.
10. Mathematically power dissipitated is defined as __________.
11. Power dissipated is also defined as __________.
14. The unit of power __________.
15. 1 watt = __________.
16. The practical unit of power in common use is __________.
17. The amount of energy delivered by the current in one hour when it supplies energy at the rate of 100 J/s is
called __________.
18. 1 kwh = __________.
Chapter 14
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
1. The magnitude of the magnetic force F on the wire of length ‘l’ carrying current I is given by __________.
2. The force exerted on a wire of length one metre carrying one ampere current placed at right angle to the
field is called __________.
3. Mathematically magnetic induction is defined as __________.
4. The S.I unit of magnetic induction is __________.
5. Gauss’s (G) is a unit of __________.
6. 1T(Tesla) = __________G.
7. Torque on a current carrying rectangular loop of area A and having N turns and placed in a magnetic field B
is given by the relation __________.
8. The total number of lines of magnetic induction passing through a surface placed perpendicular to the
magnetic field is called __________.
9. Mathematically magnetic flux is defined as __________.

10. Magnetic flux f, through certain area A is maximum if the angle between the magnetic field B and area A is
__________.
11. Magnetic flux f, though certain area A is zero if the angle between the magnetic field B and area A is
__________.
12. The SI unit of magnetic induction is __________.
13. Nm/A is commonly called __________.
14. 1 Wb/m2 is known as __________.
15. The magnetic field B is also called __________.
16. The force on a charged particle of charge ‘q’ moving with velocity ’v’ in a magnetic field of strength ‘B’ is given
by __________.
17. An electron travelling with a velocity v describes a circular path when it enters a uniform magnetic field such
that __________.
18. Ampere’s law is analogous to __________.
19. The dot product of B and I around any closed path equals to moI, where I is the total steady current threaded
by the path. This is called __________.
20. Mathematically, Ampere’s law can be written as __________.
21. The value of permeability of free space mo is __________.
22. By winding wire in a helix around a cylindrical surface, we will get __________.
23. If there are n turns per unit length of the solenoid and each turn carries a current I, then the magnetic field B
of a solenoid is given by __________.
24. A solenoid that has been bent into a circle is called __________.
25. The magnetic field of a toroid is given by __________.
26. The current produced by moving the loop by wire across a magnetic field is called __________.
27. The product of induced current and resistance of the wire i.e. I x r gives __________.
28. The generation of induced emf in a circuit is known as __________.
29. When the magnetic flux changes through a loop on a coil, an induced emf is produced in it. This is called
__________.
30. An induced emf always drives a current whose magnetic field opposes the original change in flux. This is
called __________.
31. Mathematically Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction is defined by the relation __________.
32. “The direction of an induced current is such as to oppose the cause producing it.” This is called __________.
33. Mathematically mutual inductance is written as __________.
34. Mutual inductance is measured in __________.

35. Vs/A is known as __________.
36. If the current changing at the rate of one ampere per second in the primary causes an induced emf of one
volt in the secondary, then the mutual inductance of the two coils is said to be __________.
DI
L
37. In the relation emf = Dt , L is called __________.
38. The emf linked with the same coil when the rate of change of current in the coil is unity, is called
__________.
39. Non-inductive resistances are used in __________.
40. The induced emf generated as a result of the motion of the wire through the magnetic field is called
__________.
41. If v is the velocity with which the wire is dragged, I is the length of the wire and B is the magnetic field, then
motion emf is written as __________.
42. A device, which produces a voltage difference between two terminals by changing flux through the coil, is
called __________.
43. The voltage delivered by an electric current generator at any instant is given by the equation __________.
44. The maximum voltage delivered by an electric current generator at any instant is given by the equation
__________.
45. A device, which gives unidirectional and a practically constant current is called __________.
46. A device, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, is called __________.
47. A device, which converts AC voltage of one magnitude into another AC voltage of required magnitude, is
called __________.
48. The condition for step-up transformer is __________.
49. The condition for step-down transformer is __________.
50. A device used for the detection and measurement of current is called a __________.
51. Whenever a conductor of length, say I, carrying current I is placed in a magnetic field of strength B, it
experiences a force given by __________.
52. When a low resistance, called a shunt is connected in parallel with the galvanometer, it is converted into
__________.
53. When a resistor of high resistance is connected in series with the galvanometer it is converted into
__________.
54. The shunt resistance Rs of an ammeter is given by __________.
55. The high resistance Rh of voltmeter is given by __________.
56. An instrument, which can measure and compare potential without drawing any current from the circuit is
known as __________.
57. An instrument, which is used to measure current, voltage and resistance is called __________.

Chapter 15
Atomic Spectra
1. Mathematically Balmer Series is represented as __________, where R is called Rydberg constant.
2. Mathematically Lyman Series is represented as __________, where R is called Rydberg constant.
3. Mathematically Paschen Series is represented as __________, where R is called Rydberg constant.
4. Mathematically Brackett Series is represented as __________, where R is called Rydberg constant.
5. Mathematically Pfund Series is represented as __________, where R is called Rydberg constant.
6. Lyman Series lies in __________.
7. Balmer Series lies in __________.
8. Paschen Series lies in __________.
9. Brackett Series lies in __________.
10. Pfund Series lies in __________.
11. According to Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom the angular momentum of the electron about the nucleus is an
integral multiple of __________.
12. According to Bohr’s thoery of hydrogen atom, the radii r n of stationary electron is given by the equation
__________.
13. According to Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, the speed v n of an electron is given by the equation
__________.
14. According to Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom, the radii r n of stationary electron orbits are related to the
principle quantum number n as __________.
15. According to Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, the speed v n of the electron in a stationary orbit is related to
the principle quantum number n as __________.
16. According to Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom, the total energy of the hydrogen atom with its electron
revolving in the nth stationary orbit is given by the equation __________.
revolving in the nth stationary orbit is given by the equation __________.
18. If the electrons in the hydrogen atom jumps from an orbit whose quantum number is n to an orbit whose
quantum number is p, it emits a photon of wavelength l, given by __________.
19. The wavelength of x-rays is of order of __________.
20. In an x-ray tube, electrons are accelerated by applying a high voltage V. If e is the electronic charge and h
the Plank’s constant, the highest frequency Vmax of the emitted x-rays is given by __________.
Chapter 16
The Nuclear Physics
1. The charge on electron is __________.

2. The mass of electron is __________.
3. The dimensions of the nucleus are of the order of __________.
4. The atomic region surrounding the nucleus is of the order of __________.
5. The number of neutrons N is equal to __________.
6. One gram mole of any substance contains __________ number of atomic nuclei.
7. Mass of the nucleus is of the order of __________.
8. Atomic mass is measured in __________.
9. 1 amu is equal to __________ of the mass of the carbon atom.
10. 1 amu is equal to __________.
11. The mass of electron on a unified atomic mass scale (amu) is equal to __________.
12. The mass of proton on a unified atomic mass scale (amu) is equal to __________.
13. The mass of nuetron on a unified atomic mass scale (amu) is equal to __________.
14. __________ is a alpha particle.
15. The velocity of brays is from __________.
16. __________ radiation are not emitted by a radioactive isotope.
17. The isotope of hydrogen, which is radioactive, is __________.
18. The energy released when one amu is wholly converted into energy is __________.
19. When an element emits b-particle, its atomic number Z changes by __________.
20. The g-decay process is mathematically written as __________.
21. A radioactive element X has atomic number Z and atomic mass number A. It decays by the emission of an
alpha particle and a gamma ray. The new element is __________.
22. Mathematically half life T1/2 of an element is written as __________.
23. Theoritically the neutron induced fission of one kilogram of uranium nuclei into smaller nuclei releases
energy approximately equal to __________.
24. The isotope of uranium, mostly used as fuel in a common nuclear reactor is __________.
25. In breeder reactor, __________ isotope of uranium is used as a fuel.
Chapter 17
Advent of Modern Physics
1. The Galilean transformation of the space-time coordinates of a point between the primed coordinates (x’,
y’, t) and the unprimed coordinates (x, y, t) is given by __________.

2. If mo is the rest mass of an object in a frame of reference, then the mass m as measured by an observer
moving with a velocity v relative to the object is __________.
3. If lo is the length of an object in a stationary frame of reference, then the length l of the same object as
viewed by the observer in frame of reference moving with a velocity v relative to the object is given by
__________.
4. If to is the time instant of time of an event as measured by an observer in a moving frame of reference,
the time instant t as it appears to a stationary observer with respect to the moving one is given by
__________.
5. Two photons are traveling in opposite directions with velocity c. The relative velocity of one with respect to
the other is __________.
6. An observer measures the length of a space-ship and finds that it is exactly one-third of its proper length.
__________ is the speed of the space-ship relative to the observer.
7. A rod has a proper (or rest) length Lo. the length of the same rod as measured by an observer moving
with a velocity v relative to the rod, is given by __________.
8. The value of Plank’s constant is __________.
9. The velocity of photon is __________.
10. Photoelectric effect is governed by the equation __________.
11. Einstein’s photoelectric Equation is mathematically written as __________.
12. For most of the metals, the work function f is of the order of __________.
13. The photoelectric threshold for a certain metal surface is 330A°. __________ is the maximum kinetic
energy of the photoelectron released, if any, by a radiation of wavelength 1100A.
14. A Photocell is based on __________.
15. The process of scattering of an X-ray photon by an electron is called __________.
16. Compton Effect is a phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves exhibit __________.
17. The Compton effect results in the shift in wavelength of the scattered photon and the incident photon by an
amount __________.
18. Mathematically Uncertainty Principle is stated as __________.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Five Year Papers
1. The temperature at which centigrade scale is equal to 0° is __________.
(-32°, -40°, 100°, -273°)
2. The average K.E of a molecule of a perfect gas is __________.
(1/3KT, 3/2KT, 2/3KT)
3. The internal energy in an isothermal process __________.
(Decreases, Increases, becomes zero)
4. The electric intensity at any point between two oppositely charged plain sheets is __________.
(s/3Îo, s/Îo, s/2Îo, 2s/Îo)
5. __________ of the two charged particles of the same mass will be deflected most in a magnetic field.
(Fast Moving, Slow moving)
6. To increase the accuracy of a potentiometer __________ should be used.
(A uniform wire of a large length should be used, A uniform wire of a small length, Non-uniform wire)
7. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity states that the speed of light in vacuum is __________.
(Independent of the motion of the source and the observer, affected by either drift, dependent on the motion of
the source and the observer)
8. If a substance contracts on freezing the increase of pressure __________ the freezing point.
(Increases, Decreases, Does not Change)
9. A thermoflask contains hot tea. It is shaken rapidly, if the tea is considered as the system then its
temperature will __________.
(Remains the same, Rise, Fall)
10. If the temperature of the cold body is decreased the efficiency of a carnot engine __________.
(Decreases, Increases, Remains constant)
11. The electric potential is zero __________.
(Inside a conductor, Midway between any two charges of the opposite signs, Midway between two equal charges
of the sme sign)
12. When an electron moves in a magnetic field ‘B’ with velocity ‘V’ the force acting on it is perpendicular to
__________
(V but not to B, both V and B, B but not V)

13. If an electron and proton enter into a magnetic field with the same velocity, the electron shall experience a/an
__________ force than the proton.
(Greater, Lesser, Equal)
14. The wavelength of a material particle of mass m moving with the velocity v is given by:
(l = hn/m, l= h/mv, l = m/hn)
15. A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the containing vessel because __________.
(It possesses momentum, the gas molecules collide with each other, the gas has finite volume)
16. The magnitude of an electric field does not depend upon __________.
(The distance from the charged particle, nature of the charges causing the field, the magnitude of the charges
causing the field)
17. Two parallel beams of electrons moving in the same direction will __________.
(Repel each other, Attract each other, Neither attract nor repel each other.
18. To increase the accuracy in a potentiometer circuit __________ should be used.
(A wire of a small length, A wire of a large length, A non uniform wire)
19.When fast moving electrons are stopped by a metal of high atomic weight the phenomenon gives rise to
__________.
(X-rays, b-rays, g-rays)
20. The pressure and volume formula of a gas undergoing and an Adiabatic Change is __________.
(PV =constant, PrV = constant, (PV)r= constant, PVr = constant)
21. A free electron in an electric field __________.
(remains stationary, moves from the higher potential to the lower potential, moves from the lower potential to the
higher potential)
22. An electron and a proton with the same momentum enter perpendicularly into a uniform magnetic field
__________.
(Both particles will deflect equally, the proton will deflect more than the electron, the electron will deflect less than
the proton)
23. Einstein’s photoelectric equation is written as __________.
(1/2 mv2max = hn + fo, hn = fo.- 1/2 mv2max, hn = 1/2 mv2max + fo, None of these)
24. Force between two similar point charges separated by a distance ‘r’ is FN. If the distance is doubled, force
becomes __________.
(FN, 2FN, 4FN, FN/4)
25. Mean translational kinetic energy per molecule of an ideal gas is given by __________.
(3KT, 2/3KT, 3/2KT)

26. Process in which there is no heat exchange is called __________ Process.
(Isothermal, Isochoric , Adiabatic, Isobaric)
27. Spectral series obtained due to transition of electron from higher to 3 rd orbit is called __________.
(Lyman Series, Balmer Series, Brackett Series, Paschen Series)
28. A battery of e.m.f volts has internal resistance r ohm, current I is drawn from it its terminal voltage V will be
__________.
(V = E – Ir, V = E/r, V = Ir, V = E/I)
29. Electric intensity of a given charge at any point is __________ distance from charge.
(Directly proportional to, Inversely proportional to square of, Directly proportional to square of, Inversely
proportional to square of )
30. Two resistors of 2W and 3W are connected in series with a battery of 10 volts. Potential difference across 2 W
resistor will be __________.
(5 volt, 4 volt, 6 volt, 10 volts)
31. A slab of certain dielectric is placed between two oppositely charge plates. The intensity between plates
__________.
(Decreases, Increases, Remains constant)
32. Force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is given by the equation F = qvbsin q. Quantities
mutually perpendicular are __________.
(V and B, F and v, F and B, None)
Chapter 1
Heat
1. The energy that flows from a high temperature object to a low temperature object is called __________.
(Heat, Sound Electricity, Solar Energy)
2. Hotness or coldness of an object is expressed in tems of a quantity called __________.
(Heat, Temperature, Kelvin, None of these)
3. The SI unit of heat is __________.
(Calorie, Joule, Electron Volt, None of these)
4. The energy expended when a force of one Newton moves an object one metre in the direction in which the
force is applied is called __________.
(Calorie, Joule, kwh, Electron Volt)
5. 1J=__________.
(1Nm, 1kgms2, 1kgm-2,1kgm2s-1)

6. 1J = __________.
(kgms, 1 kgms2, 1kgm2s-2, 1kgm2s-1)
7. The average kinetic energy of the molecules of the object is called its __________.
(Heat, Temperature, Hotness, Coldness)
8. __________ is a device used to measure the degree of hotness or coldness of the object.
(Thermometer, Barometer, Hypsometer, None of these)
9. Generally thermometers make use of the fact that most of the liquids __________ on heating.
(Compress, Expand, Evaporate, Sublimize)
10. On Celsius scale boiling point of water is taken as __________.
(0°C, 100°C, 180°C, None of these)
11. On Celsius scale freezing point of water is taken as __________.
(0°C, 100°C, 180°, None of these)
12. 1°C = __________.
{5/9 (°F – 32), 5/9 (°F + 32), 5/9 (°F – 273), 5/9 (°F + 273)}
13. 1°F = __________.
{5/9 (°C – 32), 5/9 (°F + 32), 9/5 (°C + 32), None of these}
14. K = __________.
(273 + °C, 273 - °C, 273 + °F, 273 - °F)
15. 1 cal = __________.
(11.184J, 2.184J, 3.184J, 4.184J)
16. __________ proposed that matter and energy are equivalent.
(Newton, Einstein, Maxwell, All the these)
17. The equation representing the interconversion of matter and energy is written as __________.
(E = mc, E = mc2, E = mc3, All of these)
18. Conversion of one gram of matter to energy yields __________ joules of energy.
(9 x 1013J, 9 x 1012J, 9 x 1011J, 9 x 1010J)
19. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 2.0 x 10 8kg of water from 0°C to 100°C is equal to
__________.
(9 x 1013J, 9 x 1012J, 9 x 1011J, 9 x 1010J)

20. During the combustion of 3 x 106 kg of coal __________ of matter is converted into energy.
(1g, 1kg, 1mg, None of these)
21. The temperature at which the gases if they remain in gaseous state exert zero pressure and have zero
volume is called __________.
(1°C, 1°F, 1K, Absolute Zero)
22. The sum total of all the energy of all the molecules of atoms in an object is known as __________.
(Temperature, Entropy, Internal Energy, None of these)
23. Once the heat is transferred to an object, it is converted into the __________.
(Entropy of the object, Internal energy of the object, Temperature of the object, None of these)
24. “Temperature remaining constant the volume of given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
applied on it.” It is called __________.
(General Gas Law, Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law, None of these)
25. “At constant pressure the volume of a gas is proportional to the absolute temperature.” It is called
__________.
((General Gas Law, Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law, None of these)
Chapter 12
Electrostatics
1. Matter is composed of three fundamental particles. They are __________.
(a. Electrons, Protons, Neutrons b. Electrons, Cathode rays, masons c. Electrons, neutrons, masons)
2. __________ is a negatively charged particle and is found around the nucleus of an atom.
(Electron, Proton, Neutron, None of these)
3. __________ is a positively charged particle and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
4. __________ is a neutral particle and is found in the nucleus of an atom.
5. When one or more than one electrons are removed from an atom it becomes __________.
(Neutral particle, Negatively charged particle, positively charged particle, none of these)
6. All material objects are composed of __________.
((Electron, Proton, Neutron, atoms)
7. Atom is a __________.
(Charged particle, Negatively charged particle, Positively charged particle, None of these)
8. If electrons are added in an atom it becomes __________.
(Neutral particle, Negatively charged particle, positively charged particle, none of these)
9. Those material objects which do not allow the charge or electric current to pass through them are called
__________.
(Insulators, Conductors, Semi-conductors, none of these)
10. Those material objects which allow charge or electric current to pass through them are called __________.
(Insulators, Conductors, Semi-conductors, none of these)
11. Like charges __________.
(Attract each other, Repel Each other, Neither attract nor repel each other, None of these)
12. Unlike charges __________.
(Attract each other, Repel Each other, Neither attract nor repel each other, None of these)
13. If the physical size of a charge particle is very small, compared to the separation distance between them, it
is called __________.
(Zero charge, Point charge, Positive charge, Negative charge)
14. “The magnitude of the electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product
of the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.” It is
called __________.
(Faraday’s law, Coulomb’s Law, Newton’s Law, Guass’s law)
15. Îo is called __________.
(Acceleration due to gravity, Gravitational constant, Spring constant, Permitivity of free space)
16. If the quantity of charge on each of the two bodies is doubled, the force between them becomes
__________.
(Twice, Four times, Nine times, Sixteen times)
17. __________ is a vector quantity.
(Electric field, Electric Field Intensity, Electric charge, Electric current)
18. In SI units electric field intensity is measured in __________.
(Ns, N/C, N/J, N/m)
19. The concepts of electric field lines was introduced by a famous scientist __________
(Newton, Faraday, Einstein, Coulomb)
20. The electric field lines, always start from a __________.
(Positive charge, Negative charge, Point charge, None of these)
21. The electric field lines, always end at a __________.

(Positive charge, Negative charge, Point charge, None of these)
22. The tangent to the field line at any point gives the direction of the __________.
(electric field intensity at that point, electric field at that point, Electrostatic force at that point, Electrostatic force
at that point, None of these)
23. The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to certain point, keeping the unit charge is
equilibrium is called __________.
(Potential energy, Potential gradient, Electric potential, Electric field intensity)
24. In SI units electric potential is measured in __________.
(Coulombs, Amperes, Volts, N/C2)
Chapter 13
Current Electricity
1. The net charge flowing across the sectional area per unit time is known as __________.
(Electric Current, Ampere, Electric flow, none of these)
2. The direction of electric current is that in which __________.
(Negative charge will drift, Positive charge will drift, Both positive and negative charge will drift, None of these)
3. Mathematically Electric current I in a conductor is defined by the relation __________.
(I = Qt, Q = I/t, I = Q/t, None of these)
4. The SI unit of current is __________.
(Ampere, Coulomb, volt, None of these)
5. 1A = __________.
(1C/s, 1C/s2, 1J/s, 1N/s)
6. “In a electrical circuit, the potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it, provided the temperature of the conductor remains the same.” This is called __________.
(Ohm’s Law, Coulomb’s Law, Guass’s Law, None of these)
7. Mathematically Ohm’s Law is written as __________.
(V = IR V = I/R, V = Qt, None of the above)
8. Measure of the opposition to the flow the free electron is known as __________.
(Current, Resistance, Conductance, Capacitance)
9. The SI unit of electrical resistance is __________.
(Ampere, Volt, Farad, Ohm)

10. If the potential difference of 1 volt is applied across the end of a conductor and the resulting current flowing
through the conductor is one ampere then the resistance of the conductor is said to be __________.
(1ohm, 1ampere, 1farad, 1volt)
11. 1W (ohm) = __________.
(1VA, 1V/A, 1C/A, 1J/A2)
12. It is experimentally observed that in general the resistance R of a given wire increases with increase in
__________.
(Temperature, Cross-section area of a wire, Length of a wire, none of these)
13. It is experimentally observed that in general the resistance R of a given wire decreases with increase in
__________.
(Temperature, Cross-section Area, Length of a wire, None of the above)
14. The change in resistivity per unit original resistivity (or resistance) per degree change in temperature is called
__________.
(Resistance, Conductance, Temperature coefficient of resistivity, All of these)
15. The resistivity of a class of elements of some critical temperature T, falls to zero. The materials showing such
property are called __________.
(Semi-conductors, Super-conductors, Insulators, Conductors)
16. The device which can maintain a potential difference between two points to which they are attached are
known as __________.
(Dry cell, sources of power, sources of electromotive force, sources of heat dissipated)
17. The unit of electromotive force is __________.
(Volt, Ampere, watt, Joule)
18. Batteries or cells convert __________.
(Heat energy into electrical energy, nuclear energy into electrical energy, kinetic energy into electrical energy,
chemical energy into electrical energy)
19. Electrical generators convert __________.
(chemical energy into electrical energy, kinetic energy into electrical energy, mechanical energy into electrical
energy, light energy into electrical energy)
20. Thermocouples convert __________.
(chemical energy into electrical energy, heat energy into electrical energy, mechanical energy into electrical
21. Photo voltaic cell converts __________.
(chemical energy into electrical energy, heat energy into electrical energy, mechanical energy into electrical
22. In practice, the sources of emf always have __________.

(Zero resistance, unit resistance, some resistance, infinite resistance)
23. The emf of a source is equal to the potential difference across the terminals of the source when either its
internal resistance is __________.
(Zero, Infinite, Zero or infinite, None of these)
24. The electromotive force is written as __________.
(E = W/q, E = Wq, E = Q/I, None of these)
Chapter 14
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
1. Magnetism derives its name from __________, a region in Asia Minor (Modern Turkey) where it was found
in for form of certain iron core.
(Magnesia, Magnesium, Electromagnetism, None of these)
2. __________ is not a magnetic material.
(Iron, Nicker, Cobalt, silver)
3. A body that attracts small pieces of iron and points towards north-south direction when suspended freely,
is called a __________.
(Magnet, Conductor, Magnetism, None of these)
4. Like poles of two magnets __________.
(Attract, Repel, Neither attract nor repel, None of these)
5. Unlike poles of two magnets __________.
Attract, Repel, Neither attract nor repel, None of these)
6. The magnetism of the magnet is concentrated in the __________.
(North pole, South pole, North and South pole, At the middle)
7. If a magnet is broken into two pieces, then __________.
(Two magnets are obtained, Noth pole is obtained, South pole is obtained, One north pole and one south pole is
obtained)
8. The space surrounding a magnet in which its magnetic effect is felt is called __________.
(North pole, south pole, Middle Point, Magnetic Field)
9. The intensity of the magnetic field near its poles is __________.
(Zero, Maximum, Minimum, None of these)
10. If the magnetic field is uniform, then the magnetic lines of forces are __________.
(Curved, Parallel, Perpendicular, None of these)

11. The magnetic field is represented with __________.
(Magnetic lines of forces, Magnetic induction, North pole, South pole)
12. The path along which an isolated north ple of a magnet moves in the magnetic field is called __________.
(Magnetic field, Magnetic field lines, North pole, South pole)
13. Two magnetic lines of force __________.
(can intersect each other, do not intersect each other, can repel each other, can attract each other)
14. __________ behave like a stretched rubber string which tends to contract longitudinally and expand
laterally.
(Magnets, Magnetic Force, Electric Lines of force, Magnetic lines of force)
15. The magnetic lines of force pass through __________, as compared to air.
(Water, Iron, Rubber, None of the above)
16. A substance which behaves like a magnet in the presence of a strong field is called __________.
(Magnets, Ferromagnets, Electromagnets, None of these)
17. A magnet can be demagnetized by __________.
(Heating, By dropping it several time, breaking into two pieces, both heating and by dropping it several time)
18. The field magnet around a moving charge is called __________.
(Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Gravitational Field, None of the above)
19. The direction of magnetic lines of force is given by the __________.
(head to tail rule, right hand rule, left hand rule, none of these)
20. __________ was the first to note the presence of magnetic force in a wire in which currents are flowing.
(Newton, Ampere, Oersted, None of these)
21. If two wires in which currents are flowing in the same direction are placed parallel and close to each other
then they will __________.
(Repel each other, Attract each other, Neither attract nor repel each other, None of the above)
22. If two wires in which currents are flowing in the opposite direction are placed parallel and close to each
other then they will __________.
(Repel each other, Attract each other, Neither attract nor repel each other, None of the above)
23. The charge moving parallel to the magnetic field ‘B’ with a certain velocity ‘v’ experiences __________.
(No force, Maximum force, Minimum Force, None of these)
24. The charge moving perpendicular to the magnetic field ‘B’ with a certain velocity ‘v’ experiences
__________.

(No force, Maximum force, Minimum Force, None of these)
25. The magnetic force Fm acting on charge ‘q’ when it moves with a velocity ‘v’ through a magnetic field ‘B’ is
given by __________.
(Fm = qv x B, Fm = qv2 x B, Fm = qE, None of these)
26. The magnitude of a magnetic force ‘F’ acting on charge ‘q’ when it moves with a velocity ‘v’ through a
magnetic field ‘B’ is given by __________.
(F = qvBsinq, F = qv2Bsinq, vBsinq, None of these)
27. In a magnetic field the charge at rest experiences __________.
(No force, Maximum force, Minimum force, None of these)
28. The charge, which moves along a line parallel to the direction of magnetic lines of force, experiences
__________.
(No force, Maximum force, Minimum force, None of these)
29. Maximum force is experienced by a charged particle when it moves __________.
(Parallel to magnetic field, with zero velocity, none of these)
30. The SI unit of magnetic induction B is __________.
(Volt, watt, farad, tesla)
31. When an alternating accelerating field is applied to a charge it produces __________.
(Sound waves, Electromagnetic waves, X-rays, Gamma rays)
32. The wave which require no medium for the propagation are known as __________.
(Sound waves, Mechanical waves, Electromagnetic waves, None of these)
33. An electromagnetic wave electric and magnetic fields are __________.
(Parallel to each other, Perpendicular to each other,Opposite to each other, None of these)
34. The velocity of electromagnetic waves depend upon __________.
(Magnetic permeability, Electricpermitivity, Both magnetic permeability and electric permitivity, None of these)
35. Substances having electrical resistivity intermediate between conductors and insulators are called
__________.
(Superconductors, Semiconductors, n-type conductors, p-type conductors)
36. In Semiconductors __________ are responsible for electrical conduction.
(Protons, Electrons, Holes, Electrons, holes)
37. When a pentavalent material like As, is added to tetravelent material i.e. Ge we get a __________.
(n-type material, p-type material, Semiconductors, None of these)

38. In n-type materials __________.
(Holes are majority carriers, Electrons are majority carriers, Electrons are minority carriers, None of these)
39. When a trivalent material like Indium or Galium is added to Ge, we get a __________.
(n-type material, p-type material, semiconductor, None of these)
40. In p-type materials __________.
(Holes are majority carriers, Electrons are majority carriers, Electrons are minority carriers, None of these)
41. Velocity of light is __________.
(3 x 108 m/s, 3 x 106 m/s, 3 x 10 cm/s, None of these)
42. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the I.C circuit of aerial of a transmitting station are of __________.
(Zero amplitude, Unit amplitude, Constant amplitude, Variable amplitude)
43. The electromagnetic waves emitted by the I.C circuit of aerial of a transmitting station have frequency of
the range __________.
(102Hz, 104Hz, 106Hz, 108Hz)
44. A crystal diode is used for rectification of __________.
(AC current, DC current, Electromagnetic waves, None of the above)
45. A geometric shape of a solid obtained by regular, repetitive, three-dimensional arrangements of its
molecules, atoms or ions is called a __________.
(Crystal, Lattice, Crystal plane, None of these)
46. Two substances having the same crystal structure are called __________.
(Isomorphous Substance, Allotropic substances, True substances, Polymorphous substances)
47. The substance, which exists in two or more crystal forms under different condiion is called __________.
(Isomorphous Substance, Allotropic substances, True substances, Polymorphous substances)
48. A regular, repetitive, three-dimensional pattern of points, which represent the position of molecules, atoms
or ions in the crystal, is called __________.
(Unit cell, Space lattice, crystal, true substance)
49. The smallest portion of a crystal lattice that if repeated in three-dimensions will generate the entire lattice is
called __________.
(Unit cell, Lattice plane, crystal, none of these)
50. When a crystal is subjected to stress, it tends to break or fracture along definite direction which is
characteristic of a sample. This is called __________.
(Cleavage, Allotropy, Anisotropy, Homeogeneity)
51. The property due to which the size or shape of a lattice is not important is called __________.
(Cleavage, Anisotropy, Homogeneity, None of these)
52. In a crystal the density of atoms or molecules does not vary from direction to direction. This is known as
__________.
(Cleavage, Anisotropy, Homogeneity, None of these)
53. If one atom or molecule lies out each of the eight corners of a cube, it is called __________.
(simple cube, face centred cube, body centred cube, none of these)
54. __________ is a cubic pattern having one extra atom or molecule at the centre of each of the six faces of
the cube.
55. __________ is a pattern which has got one more atom at the centre of a simple cube.
56. The electrons, which can wander in the solid, are known as __________.
(Valence electron, free electron, loosely bound electrons, none of these)
57. __________ of the following theories could not explain completely the behaviour of conductors, insulators,
and semiconductors.
(energy band theory, free electron theory, valence electron theory, none of these)
58. The electrons in a solid crystal are supposed to have different energy levels which can be found by the
solution of __________.
(Maxwell’s equation, Schrodinger’s wave equation, Gas equation, none of these)
59. The solution of Schrodinger’s wave equation shows that the electrons can exist in some ranges of energy
called __________.
(Permissible energy levels, energy bands, conduction band, forbidden energy levels)
60. The permissible energy levels taken in gourps are called __________.
(Permissible energy leves, energy bands, conduction bands, forbidden energy levels)
61. The materials in which valence band and conduction band overlaps are called __________.
(Insulators, Conductors, Semiconductors, Superconductors)
62. The material in which the highest occupied energy level is completely filled is called __________.
(Insulator, conductor, semiconductor, superconductor)
63. The material in which the gap between the filled energy band and next higher permitted energy band is
small, is called __________.
(Insulator, Conductor, semiconductor, superconductor)
64. The substances with resistivity of order of 10-4 ohm-metre are called __________.

(Insulators, semiconductors, conductors, good conductors)
65. The substances with resistivity of the order of 10 -8 ohm-metre are called __________.
(Insulators, semiconductors, conductors, good conductors)
66. At temperature near absolute zero, a pure semiconductor behaves like __________.
(an insulator, a conductor, a superconductor, none of these)
67. A junction between p-type material and n-type material is called as __________.
(diode, rectifier, transistor, amplifier)
68. The semi-conductor diode has the property of __________.
(one way conduction, two way conduction, zero conduction, none of these)
69. A diode can be used as __________.
(oscillator, rectifier, transistor, amplifier)
70. If p-type material of the pn-junction is connected with positive terminal of the battery and n-type material
with negative terminal of the battery, it is said to be __________.
(forward biased, reversed biased, zero biased, none of these)
71. If p-type material of the pn-junction is connected with negative terminal of the battery and n-type material
with positive terminal of the battery, it is said to be __________.
(forward biased, reversed biased, zero biased, none of these)
72. A device, which converts an alternating current to a direct current, is called __________.
(Oscillator, rectifier, amplifier, p-type material)
73. A thin layer of one type of semiconductor material sandwiched between two relatively thick pieces of other
type is termed as __________.
(Diode, rectifier, transistor, oscillator)
74. A transistor consists of __________.
(one pn-junction, two pn-junctions, three pn-junctions, None of these)
75. For normal transistor operation, E-B junction is always __________.
(reversed biased, forward biased, zero biased, All of these)
76. A transistor can be used as __________.
(diode, rectifier, amplifier, all of these)
77. The transistor is also used as __________.
(diode, switching device, rectifier, p-type material)
78. If we use two diodes and a centre tapped transformer, we will get __________.
(half wave rectification, full wave rectification, AC current, all of these)
79. A forward biased p-n semiconductor diode is called __________.
(L.E.D, Photodiode, Photovoltaic cell, transistor)
80. __________ is generally a reversed biased p-n junction in which light is allowed to fall on the p-layer
through a window provided for this purpose.
(L.E.D, photodiode, photovoltaic cell, transistor)
81. Transistors has replaced __________.
(diodes, vacuum tubes, rectifiers, photovoltaic cell)
Chapter 15
Atomic Spectra
1. The radiation emitted from hydrogen filled discharge tube, when viewed by dispersing devices such as
prism, gratings etc, shows __________.
(A line spectrum, Continuous spectrum, Linear spectrum, all of these)
2. When an electron jumps from higher to lower orbit, then __________.
(Energy is absorbed, Energy is emitted, neither absorbed nor emitted, none of these)
3. When electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into first orbit. The set of lines emitted is called
__________.
(Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Bracket Series, Paschen Series)
4. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into second orbit. The set of lines emitted is
called __________.
5. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into third orbit. The set of lines emitted is
called __________.
6. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into fourth orbit. The set of lines emitted is
called __________.
7. When an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from higher orbit into fifth orbit. The set of lines emitted is
called __________.
(Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Pfund Series, Paschen Series)
8. __________ of the following series in the spectrum of the hydrogen lies in the visible region of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
(Paschen Series, Balmer Series, Lyman Series, Brackett sEries)

9. __________ of the following is not a fundamental postulate of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom.
(The classical theory does not apply in the case of tiny particles such as electrons, The electron in a stable
orbitdoes not radiate energy, The electron can move in all possible orbits, An atom radiates energy only when an
electron jumps from an allowed orbit of higher energy E n to one of the lower energ Ep)
10. __________ of the following is not a fundamental postulate of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom.
(The total energy of the electron in one of it allowed orbit remains constant as long as it remains in the same
orbit, An electron can not revolve in an arbitrary orbit. Only those orbits are possible for which the angular
momentum of the electron about the nucleus is an integral multiple of h/2p, The electron can move in all possible
orbits, An atom radiates energy only when an electron jumps from an allowed orbit of higher energy E n to one of
the lower energy Ep)
11. According to Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, an electron can revolve around a proton indefinitely if its path
is __________.
(a perfect circle of any radius, a circle of constantly decreasing radius, a circle of an allowed radius, an ellipse)
12. In a hydrogen atom the radius of the electron orbit is governed by Bohr’s quantum rule which states that
__________.
(the linear momentum of the electron is quantised, the angular momentum of the electron is quantised, the linear
velocity of the electron is quantised, the angular velocity of the electron is quantised)
revolving in the nth stationary orbit is __________.
(proportional to n, proportional to n2, inversely proportional to n, inversely proportional to n 2)
14. The energy of the electron of hydrogen orbiting in a stationary orbit of radius rn is proportional to
__________.
(rn, 1/rn, rn2, 1/rn2)
15. When an electron jumps from the nth (higher orbit) orbit to the pth orbit (lower orbit), the difference of
energy is given by the equation __________.
(h¦ = En – Ep, h¦ = En + Ep, h¦ = E, h¦ = Lp)
16. The frequency ¦ of electromagnetic radiation is given by the equation __________.
(¦ = lc, ¦ = 1/l, ¦ = c/l, None of these)
17. The transitions of inner- shell electrons in heavy atoms give rise to __________.
18. X-rays are a part of electromagnetic spectrum and are characterized by frequencies higher than those of
__________.
(visible radiation, infrared radiation, ultra violet radiations, none of these)
19. Production of continuous X-rays is due to the __________.
(Acceleration of incident electrons by the nucleus of the target atom, electron transitions between inner-shells of
the target atom, electron transitions between outer shells of the target atom, annihilation of the mass of incident
electrons)
20. X-rays are __________.

(Positively charged particles, Negatively charged particles, Neutral particles, None of these)
21. The study of the spectrum of characteristic X-rays helps us to __________.
(Measure the energy of the incident electrons, measure the wavelength of the incident electrons, measure the
energy of the emitted x-rays, identify the element of which the target is made)
22. The maximum frequency limit of the continuous x-rays spectrum depends upon __________.
(the atomic number of the atoms of the target, the kinetic energy of the incident electrons, the maximum
frequency limit of the characteristic x-rays spectrum, the degree of vacuum in the x-ray tube)
23. The device that produces an intense, monochromatic and coherent beam of light based on stimulated
emission of photons from atoms, is called __________.
(Laser, x-ray tube, discharge tube, cyclotron)
24. An interesting application of laser is the production of three-dimensional images called __________.
(Polygons, Holograms, Ovals, None of these)
25. In solid lasers, a fluorescent crystal, such as that of __________ is used as light amplifying substance.
(Ruby, Glass, semiconductor, all of these)
26. The liquid lasers usually make use of a dye dissolved in __________ as a light amplifying substance.
(Benzene, Citric acid, methanol, alcohol)
27. The laser device used to fragment gallstones and kidney stones is called __________.
(Laser beam, Laser scanner, laser lithotropter, ruby laser)
28. When fast moving electrons strike a metal target inside a partially evacuated tube, then __________ are
produced.
(cathode rays are produced, cosmic rays are produced, x-rays are produced, alpha rays are produced)
29. Product of x-rays is a reverse phenomenon of __________.
(Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Pair production, Annihilation of matter)
30. __________ is a wrong statement in the following.
(x-rays are not refracted as they pass from one medium to another, like visible light, x-rays are diffracted at an
obstacle, x-rays can cause ionization of the atoms of a liquid, x-rays are deflected by electric and magnetic fields)
31. x-rays were discovered by __________.
(Madam Curie, Rontgen, Coolidge, Laue)
32. X-rays are produced when an element of high atomic weight is bombarded by high energy __________.
(Protons, Electrons, Neutrons, Photons)
33. __________ of the following parameters of the emitted x-rays increases when the potential difference
between the electrodes of an x-ray tube is increased.

(Intensity, Frequency, Wavelength, Speed)
Chapter 16
The Nuclear Physics
1. Atom consists of __________.
(Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, All of these)
2. Atom as a whole __________.
(Positively charged particle, negatively charged particle, neutral particle, none of these)
3. __________ discovered electron.
(R.A. Milikan, J.J. Thomson, Crooks, Einstein)
4. Based on the concepts of modern physics, atoms of the known elements possesses a structure consisting
of a central core of the tom called __________.
(proton, nucleons, nucleus, radius)
5. Rutherfords experiment on the scattering of alpha particles by thin foils establishes the existence of
__________.
(a negatively charged nucleus, a positively charged nucleus, neutrons in the nucleus, even distribution of charge in
the atom)
6. Nucleus contains __________.
(electrons and protons, protons and neutrons, electrons and neutrons)
7. Neutron was discovered by __________.
(Crooks, J.J Thomson, Chadwick, none of these)
8. The total number of nucleons in the nucleus is called __________.
(Atomic number, Mass number, Mole, Gram mole)
9. The total number of electron around the nucleus or total number of protons in the nucleus is called
__________.
(Atomic number, Mass number, Avogadro’s number, Gram mole)
10. Nuclei of different elements are identified by their __________.
(Atomic number, Mass number, Avogadro’s number, Gram mole)
11. F.W Aston developed on instrument, which uses electric and magnetic fields to sort out atoms according to
their masses. This instrument is called __________.
(Cyclotron, Betatron, Mass Spectrometer, Barometer)
12. Nuclei of the same element having the same Z but different values of N are called __________.
(Isotopes, Isobars, Isomers, Allotropes)

13. Nuclei of different elements with the same number A are called __________.
(Isotopes, Isobars, Isomers, Allotropes)
14. Hydrogen has __________.
(One isotope, two isotopes, three isotopes, four isotopes)
15. The nucleus of hydrogen with symbol 1H1 is called __________.
(Proton, Deutron, Triton, all of these)
18. The process of separation of U235 from natural uranium is called __________.
92
(Enrichment, Separation, Annhilation, Fusion)
19. Nuclear forces are __________.
(short range forces, long range forces, independent of distances, none of these)
20. The amount of energy required to break the nucleus into its constituent particles is called __________.
(Mass defecit, binding energy, ionization energy, ionization potential)
21. The emission of rays from the nucleus is called __________.
(Annhilation of matter, Disintegration of atoms, Radioactivity, Fission)
22. Atomic number with atomic number Z>82 are __________.
(stable, unstable, small, none of these)
23. __________ is not a radioactive element.
(Polonium, Radium, Uranium, Hydrogen)
24. Radioactive elements emit __________.
(a-rays, b-rays, g-rays, all of these)
25. The mass of each a-particle is nearly __________.
(twice times the mass of hydrogen atom, three times the mass of hydrogen atom, four times the mass of
hydrogen atom, five times the mass of hydrogen atom)
26. a-particle is __________.
(Positively charge, negatively charge, neutral, None of these)
27. Charge on each a-particle is equal to __________.

(the Charge on proton, twice the charge on proton, three times the charge on proton, four times the charge on
proton)
28. __________ of the following particles has very high ionization capability.
(a-particle, b-particle, g-particle, all of these)
29. __________ of the following particles has very low penetration power.
30. __________ of the following particle can induce artificial rdioactivity in certain nuclei.
31. X-rays are found to be in __________.
(electromagnetic waves, electrons, fastly moving helium nucleus, fastly moving neutron)
32. __________ of the following particles consists of fast moving electrons.
33. __________ of the following particles has less kinetic energy.
34. __________ of the following particles move with velocity of light.
35. X-Rays are __________.
(Positively charged, negatively charged, neutral, none of these)
36. __________ rays or particles are not deflected by electric and magnetic field.
37. When g-rays are bombarded on metals, they emit __________.
(Protons from the metal surface, neutrons from the metal surface, electrons from the metal surface, all of these)
38. The penetrating power of g-rays is about hundred times larger than that of __________.
(Photons, a-rays, b-rays, electrons)
39. g-rays are electromagnetic radiations similar to __________.
(radiowaves, photons, x-rays, b-rays)
40. Unstable isotopes are called __________.
(Isobars, isomers, radioactive isotopes, none of these)
41. Isotopes differ only in the number of __________.

(electrons, protons, neutrons, none of these)
42. When a nucleus wmits an alpha radiation/particles its atomic number drops by __________.
(1, 2, 3, 4)
43. When a nucleus emits an alpha radiation/particles its nucleon number drops by __________.
(1, 2, 3, 4)
44. When an element emits b-particles, its mass numbers A __________.
(increases by 1, decreases by 1, remains same, becomes zero)
45. When an element X emits gamma-rays, its atomic number Z __________.
(Increases by 1, decreases by 1, remains same, none of these)
46. When an element X emits gamma rays, its mass number A __________.
(increases by 1, decreases by 1, remains sme, none of these)
47. Out of the following __________ is not emitted by a radioactive substance.
(electrons, electromagnetic radiations, helium nuclei with a charge equal to that of two protons, neutrons)
48. The time required for the element to decay to one half of its original number is called __________.
(Transmutation, half-life, nuclear decay, none of these)
49. It has been observed that, on the average, the actual number of atoms which decay at any instant is
__________.
(inversely proportional to the number of atoms present, directly proportional to the number of atoms present,
inversely proportional to the square of the total number of atoms present, inversly proportional to the square root
of the total number of atoms present)
50. The half life of a radioactive substance is 10days. This means that __________.
(the substance completely disintegates in 20 days, the substance completely disintegrates in 40days, 1/8 part of
the mass of the substance will be left intact at the end of 40 days, 7/8 part of the mass of the substance
disintegrates in 30 days)
51. The half-life of a radioactive substance depends upon __________.
(its temperature, the external pressure on it, the mass of the substance, the strength of the nuclear force between
the nucleons of its atoms)
52. __________ of the following conservation laws must be obeyed in a nuclear reaction.
(the conservation of electric charge, the conservation of energy and mass, the conservation of linear momentum,
the conservation angular momentum, all of these)
53. __________ of the following particles is considered as an ideal projectile for induced nuclear reactions.
(Electrons, Proton, neutron, g-particle)
54. When mass m is converted into energy it release energy equal to __________.

(mc2, mc3, m2c, mc)
55. The splitting of nuclei of a substance into two or more fragments, with emission of energy, its called
__________.
(Nuclear fission, Nuclear fusion, a-decay, None of these)
56. The process in which two smaller nuclei combine to corm a big nucleus with release of energy is called
__________.
(Nuclear fission, Nuclear fusion, a-decay, none of the above)
57. In a fission reaction each nucleus emits about __________.
(one to two neutrons, two to three neutrons, one to two electrons, two to three electrons)
58. __________ give more energy.
(Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion, Burning of Coal, None of these)
59. The sun which is largest source of heat energy gets its energy by the process of __________.
(Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Chain reaction, all of these)
60. Atomic bomb is based on the principle of __________.
(Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion, Nuclear Chain Reaction, None of these)
61. Hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of __________.
(Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion, Nuclear Chain Reaction, None of these)
62. A device which is used to extract nuclear energy with easier means and with out any harm to environment
and human beings and utilize the energy for fruitful purposes in everyday life and work is __________.
(Cyclotron, Nuclear Reactor, Hydrogen bomb, Betatron)
63. Graphite and heavy water are two common moderators used in a nuclear reactor. The function of the
moderator is __________.
(to slow down the neutrons to thermal energies, to absorb the neutrons nad stop the chain reaction, to cool the
reactor, to control the energy released in the reactor)
64. Cadmium rods are used in nuclear reactor for __________.
(slowing down fast neutrons, speeding up slow neutrons, absorbing neutrons, regulating the power level of the
reactor)
65. In Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor we use __________.
(water as coolant, Sodium metal as coolant, graphite as coolant, none of these)
66. __________ nuclear radiation detector is based on the principles “that supersaturated vapours condense
more readily on ions or dust particles”.
(Wilson Cloud chamber, Geiger counter, Solid state detector, none of these)
67. the Solid-State Detector is basically __________.

(a forward biased pn-junction, a reversed biased pn-junction, a forward biased transistor, a photocell)
Chapter 17
Advent of Modern Physics
1. Modern physics consists of __________.
(Newtonian Mechanics, Einstein’s special theory of relativity, Schrodinger’s wave mechanics, Einstein’s special
theory of relativity and Quantum mechanics)
2. The most fundamental to classical physics is/are __________.
(Maxwell’s equations, Schrodinger’s wave equation, Law of newtonian mechanics, Special theory of relativity)
3. __________ believed in absolute time.
(Einstein, Maxwell, Galileo, Galileo and Newton)
4. A set of coordinate axes with respect to which measurements are made is called __________.
(frame of reference, inertial frame of reference, non-inertial frame of reference, none of these)
5. Every motion is __________.
(relative, absolute, zero, none of these)
6. A frame of reference in which Newton’s laws of motion are valid is called __________.
(Cartesian frame of reference, inertial frame of reference, non-inertial frames of reference, absolute frame of
reference)
7. A frame of reference in which Newton’s laws of motion are not valid is called __________.
(Cartesian frame of reference, inertial frame of reference, non-inertial frames of reference, absolute frame of
reference)
8. __________ of the Newtonian laws don not hold in an accelerated frame of reference.
(Newton’s first and second law of motion, Newton’s scond and third law of motion, third law of motion, Newton’s
first law of motion and law of Gravitation)
9. __________ of the following statements is not correct.
(the law of physics are the same in all inertial frames, the speed of light in free space has the same value in all
inertial frames, two events which occur simultaneously in one reference frame also must appear to occur
simultaneous in another reference frame, Einstein rejected Newton’s idea of absolute time)
10. The simple assumption that all possible reference frames moving with uniform velocity relative to one
another are equivalent for the statement of laws of physics is called the __________.
(Principle of Relativity, Uncertainity Principle, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, None of these)
11. Special theory of relativity states that __________.
(All laws of physics are the same in every inertial reference frame, Every motion is relative, Light has dual nature,
Energy and mas are interconvertable)

12. Special theory of relativity states that __________.
(Time is absolute, The speed of light in a vacuumm, measured in all inertial reference frames always has the same
value of c, no matter how fast the source of light and the observer are moving relative to each other, space is
absolute, at rest mas of an object is always zero)
13. A body of some material capable of absorbing all heat radiation incident on it and can emit in turn all the
radiation at constant temperature after it is in equilibrium with it is called __________.
(Black body, Black body radiation, Black body cavity, Cavity radiation)
14. Rayleigh Jeans theory is incomplete disagreement with the experimental curve of black body radiation
__________.
(In the region of short wavelength, in the region of long wavelength, both in the region of short and long
wavelength, none of these)
15. Wein’s theory is complete disagreement with the experimental curve of black body radiation __________.
(In the region of short wavelength, in the region of long wavelength, both in the region of short and long
wavelength, none of these)
16. In 1900, __________ proposed a formula which explained I detail the whole shape of the black body
spectrum for all wavelengths.
(Wein, Rayleigh, Einstein, Maxwell Plank)
17. __________ proposed quantum theory of radiation.
(Wein, Einstein, Plank, Newton)
18. __________ theory explains that energy exchange takes place in discrete “bundles” or “quanta”.
(Special theory of Relativity, Quantum Theory, Corpuscular Theory, Bohr’s Theory)
19. Mathematically Quantum theory is states as __________.
(E = mc2, E = hf, v = nl, none of these)
20. Light consists of particle wave called __________.
(Proton, Electron, Neutron, Photon)
21. The rest mass of photon is __________.
(One, Zero, Infinite, None of these)
22. In 1905, __________ proposed that the packets or bundles of energy are integral part of all
electromagnetic radiations.
(Plank, Einstein, Newton, Wein)
23. The process of ejection of loosely bound electrons from a metallic surface by the absorption of photons is
called __________.
(Pair production, Compton Effect, Photoelectric effect, Uncertainity Principle)
24. The photoelectric effect establishes that __________.

(Light travels in the form of inertial of quanta of energy, Light travels in the form of transverse waves, light travels
in the form of longitudinal waves, light is a transverse electromagnetic wave)
25. The photoelectric emission from the surface of a metal starts only when the light incident on the surface has
a certain __________.
(minimum frequency, minimum wavelength, minimum intensity, minimum speed)
26. At frequencies of the incident radiation above the threshold frequency, the photoelectric current in a
photoelectric cell increases with the increase in __________.
(intensity of incident radiation, wavelength of incident radiation, frequency of incident radiation, speed of incident
emitted from a metal surface)
27. The photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface __________.
(are all at rest, have the same kinetic energy, have the same momentum, have speeds varying from zero up to a
certain maximum value)
28. For each material emission occurs only for certain definite frequency f o of light called __________.
(1 Hertz, Critical frequency, threshold frequency, minimum frequency)
29. Amount of energy in a photon depends on the __________.
(rest mass, frequency, momentum, wavelength)
30. The minimum energy of an electron that must have in order to escape from the metal surface is called
__________.
(Stopping potential, work function, threshold frequency, wavelength)
31. Photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves exhibit __________.
(wave nature, particle nature, both wave and particle nature, none of these)
32. In Compton effect __________.
(The scattered photon has frequency less than that of the incident photon, the scattered photon has frequency
greater than that of the incident photon, the scattered photon has frequency equal to the incident photon, none of
these)
33. On moving from one place to another electromagnetic radiation behaves as __________.
(particles, waves, both particles and waves, none of these)
34. Electromagnetic radiation when interact with material particle, behaves as __________.
(particles, waves, both particles and waves, none of these)
35. When we try to stop a very high photon it loses its identify and disintegration into an electron and a
positron. This is called __________.
(Pair production, Annihilation, X-rays production, Compton effect)
36. A process reverse to the pair production is known as __________.
(Photoelectric effect, Annihilation, X-rays production, Compton Effect)

37. When an electron and a positron combine together in such a way that both of them disappear and their
combined mass reappear as two gamma ray photons. This is called __________.
(Photoelectric effect, Annihilation, X-rays production, Compton effect)
38. “The product of the uncertainties in momentum (Dp) and position)Dx) of particle at some instant is
approximately fo the order of Plank’s constant h”. This is called __________.
(Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Heisenberg Uncertainity Principle, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect)
NUMERICALS
Section A
1. Find the efficiency of a carnot engine working between 100°C and 50°C.
2. Find the root mean square of a hydrogen molecle at 7 °C. Take the mass of a hydrogen molecule to be 3.32
x 10-27 kgm and Boltzmann’s constant = 1.38 x 10 -23 joules/°K.
3. 540 calories of heat is required to vapoirze 1 gm of water at 100 °C. Define the entropy change involved in
vaporizing 5gm of water. (1 calorie = 4.2 joules)
4. A glass flask is filled to the mark with 60cm3 of mercury at 20°C. If the flask and its contents are heated to
40°C, how much mercury will be above the mark? a for glass = 9 x 10 -6 /°C and b for mercury = 182 x 10 -
6
/°C.
5. A carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is 200°K has an efficiency of 50%. It is desired to increase
this to 75%. By how many degrees must the temperature be decreased, if higher temperature of the reservoir
remains constant?
6. In an isobaric process, when 2000J of heat energy is supplied to a gas in a cylinder, the piston moves
through 0.1m under a constant pressure of 2 x 1.01 x 10 5 N/m2. If the area of the piston is 5 x 10 -2m2,
calculate the work done and the increase in the internal energy of the system.
7. Find the root mean square velocity of the nitrogen molecules at 27°C. Given the mass of nitrogen molecule
to be 4.67 x 10-26kg. K = 1.38 x 10-23 joule/K.
8. A meter bar of steel is correct at 0°C and another at –2.5°C. what will be the difference between their
lengths at 30°C.
9. A heat engine performs work at the rate of 500KW. The efficiency of the engine is 30%, calculate the loss of
heat per hour. (a = 12 x 10-5 /°K)
Section B
1. Two capacitors of 2.0 mF and 8.0 mF capacitance are connected in a potential difference of 220 volts is
applied. Find the charge and the potential difference for each capacitor.
2. A 10 eV electron is moving in a circular orbit in a uniform magnetic field of strength 10 -4 web/m2. Calculate
the radius of the circular path. (Mass of electron -= 9.11 x 10 -31 kg and charge of electron = 1.6 x 10-19C).
3. A transformer has 1000 turns in the primary coil. If the input voltage of the transformer is 200 volts. What
should be the number of turns of the secondary coil to obtain an output of 6.0 volts?
4. Calculate the force of repulsion on +2 x 10-8 coulomb charge, if it is placed before a large vertical charged
plate whose charge density is +20 x 10 -4 colomb/m2. (Îo = 8.85 x 10-12 coul2/Nm2)
5. A solenoid 20cm long has three layers of windings of 300 turns each. If a current of 3 amperes is passed
through it, find the value of the magnetic field of induction B. (mo = 4p x 10-7 web/amp.m)

6. A 500 turn coil in a A.C Generator having an area of 100 cm 2 rotates in a magnetic field of value 50 tesla.
In order to generate 220 volts maximum, how fast is the coil to be rotated? Express you answer in terms of
the number of revolution per second.
7. A capacitor of 200pF is charged to a Potential difference of 100 volts. Its plates are then connected in
parallel to another capacitor and is found that the potential between the plates falls to 60 volts. What is the
capacitance of the second capacitor?
8. a particles are accelerated from rest at a potential difference of 1KV. They then enter a magnetic field B =
0.2 T perpendicular to their direction. Calculate the radius. Given mass m = 6.68 x 10 -27kg, 1 = 2e, e = 1.6 x
10-19C)
9. A moving coil galvanometer has a resistance of 25W and it gives full-scale deflection for a potential
difference of 50MV. If the galvanometer is to be converted into a voltmeter reading up to 50volts, what
should be the resistance of the series resistor?
10. A thin sheet of positive charge attracts a light charged sphere having a charge –5 x 10 -6C with a force
1.695N. If Îo= 8.85 x 10-12 C2/Nm2, calculate the surface density of the charge.
11. Two capacitors of capacitance 4.00 mF and 6.00 mF are charged to the potential difference of 300 volts and
400 volts respectively. They are then connected in parallel. What will be the resultant potential difference and
charge on each capacitor?
12. A platinum wire of diameter 0.2 mm is sound to make the resistor of 40 W. How long a wire is needed for
this purpose?
13. An electron is moving along a circle of radius 1.8 x 10 -6m. Calculate the speed of the electron on entering
perpendicularly in a uniform magnetic field of 5 tesla. Given e = 1.6 x 10-6 C and m = 9.11 x 10 -3kg. (P = 11
x 10-8Wm)
14. A galvanometer of resistance 60W gives full scale deflection with a current of 4mA. A resistance of 10940W
is connected in series with the coil to convert it into voltmeter, find the range of voltmeter obtained.
Section C
1. The range of visible light is 4000A° to 7000A°. Will photoelectrons be emitted by a copper surface of work
function 4.4 eV, when illuminated by visible light?
2. The energy of an electron in an excited hydrogen atom is –3.4eV. Calculate the angular momentum of the
electron according to Bohr’s theory. (h = 6.63 x 10 -34Jsec)
3. Find the wavelength of light which is capable of lionizing a hydrogen atom R = 1.097 x 10 7/m.
TRUE AND FALSE
Five Year Papers
1. The pressure and volume formula of a gas undergoing an Adiabatic change is PV = constant.
2. The graph of pressure and volume of a certain mass of a gas at constant temperature is a hyperbola.
3. A free electron in an electric field moves from the higher potential to the lower potential.
4. Under no condition can be heat be transferred from a body at a low temperature to one at a higher
temperature.
5. Two current-bearing conductors carrying currents in the opposite direction attract each other.
6. Lenz’s law may also be described as the Law of Conservation of Energy.

7. If the frequency of radiation is increased, the stopping potential also increased.
8. The unit of specific heat capacity is m 2/s2c2.
9. One kilogram of hydrogen contains more atoms than one kilogram of lead.
10. If the temperature of the source is increased, the efficiency of a Carnot engine decreases.
11. At the boiling point, the heat added to a substance increases its temperature.
12. If an a-particle is moving parallel to a magnetic field of induction, it will experience a force in the direction
of the field.
13. The Wheat Stone Bridge is balanced when the current is passing through the galvanometer.
14. The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the law of conservation of energy.
15. The boiling point of oure water at standard pressure is 273°K.
16. The voltage loss inside a cell because of its internal resistance is independent f the current drawn from it.
17. When a current passes through a loosely would coil, the adjacent loops of the coil attract one another.
18. Graph between V and 1/P at constant temperature is a hyperbola.
19. When current flows through a wire, electric field must exist in wire.
20. The process of conversion of alternating current into direct current is called amplification.
21. A black body is a perfect absorber of radiation.
22. Energy of photons depends upon the intensity of light.
23. The binding energy of the nucleus is the energy released during fission reaction.
1
Îo m o
24. Maxwell derived mathematically that the velocity of the electromagnetic wave is v = .
25. The resistance of a conductor at absolute zero is infinite.
26. Molar specific heat of a gas at constant volume is always greater than that at constant pressure.
27. When current is passed in two parallel wires in opposite directions they repel each other.

12th Class Physics

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Physics 12th Class

FILL IN THE BLANKS

Five Year Papers

1. If a liquid contracts on freezing, an increase of pressure __________ the freezing point.

3. An electron volt = __________ joules.

4. Uit of Electric intensity in S.I system is __________.

5. __________ is the unit of mutual-inductance.

12. __________ is the unit of physical quantity, Magnetic Induction B.

14. The value of the permitivity of free space is given by __________.

15. The minimum energy required to excite a hydrogen atom is __________.

18. The resistivity of a material of a conductor increases due to increase in __________.

25. Units of electrical energy commonly used is __________.

26. A balanced __________ is used to determine an unknown resistance.

1. Mathematically Boyle’s Law is stated as __________.

2. Mathematically Charle’s Law is stated as __________.

3. Absolute Zero of the temperature is __________.

5. In an ideal gas the molecules have __________.

8. General gas law is mathematically stated as __________.

10. The value of universal gas constant R is given by __________.

15. Mathematically co-efficient linear expansion is written as __________.

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20. Every thing other than the system is termed as __________.

22. The variables like p, V and t are called __________.

26. A cycle that has highest possible efficiency is called __________.

27. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine is defined as __________.

31. A heat engine operating in reverse is called __________.

33. Coefficient of performance of refrigerator is __________.

34. Measure of disorder is called __________.

35. The change in entropy is __________.

36. Second law of th4ermodynamics can be restated in terms of entropy as __________.

1. Mathematically coulomb’s Law of electrostatic is stated as F = __________.

2. The value of Coulomb’s constant k is given as __________.

4. The value of permitivity of free space is __________.

5. The unit of charge in SI system is __________.

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7. Coulomb’s force in the medium of relative permitivity Îr is given as __________.

14. The potential at a point, a distance r from a charge q is __________.

15. 1 volt = __________.

16. The quantity DV/DR is called __________.

17. The unit of electric intensity E, N/C is equivalent to __________.

19. 1eV = __________.

20. A device, which is used to store electric charge, is called __________.

21. The ratio Q/V is called __________.

22. The unit of capacitance is __________.

23. 1 farad = __________.

24. 1 micro farad = __________.

25. 1 pico farad = __________.

2. The unit of resistivity is __________.

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10. Mathematically power dissipitated is defined as __________.

11. Power dissipated is also defined as __________.

12. Power dissipated is also defined as __________.

13. Power dissipated is also defined as __________.

14. The unit of power __________.

15. 1 watt = __________.

16. The practical unit of power in common use is __________.

18. 1 kwh = __________.

Magnetism and Electromagnetism

3. Mathematically magnetic induction is defined as __________.

4. The S.I unit of magnetic induction is __________.

5. Gauss’s (G) is a unit of __________.

9. Mathematically magnetic flux is defined as __________.

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