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1. The grammar- translation method of foreign language teaching is one of the most traditional
methods.
2. It was originally used to teach ‘dead’ languages (and literatures) such as Latin and Greek,
involving little or no spoken communication or listening comprehension.
3. A focus on learning the rules of grammar and their application in translation passages from one
language into the other
Vocabulary in the target language is learned through direct translation from the native language. e.g.
the house = la casa the mouse = el ratÓn
4. Readings in the target language are translated directly and then discussed in the native language.
Grammar is taught with extensive explanations in the native language, and only later applied in the
production of sentences through translation from one language to the other. e.g: Do you have my book?
= …………………………. I don’t know where your book is = ………………….
6. To help students read and appreciate foreign language literature Students can become more
familiar with the grammar of their native language
7. PRINCIPLES
8. Literary language is superior to the spoken language. Students study literature and fine arts.
Translating each language into each other is an important goal for learners. The authority in the
classroom is the teacher. The ability to communicate with the target language is not among the goals
of instruction.
9. PRINCIPLES The primary skills to be improved are reading and writing. Its focus is on accuracy
(grammatical correctness) and not fluency. Ss should be conscious of the grammatical rule of the target
language.
› Translation made by the students can show that they understand their meaning
› Answers to the questions may be: Contained in the Related to text inferred experience
Antonyms / synonyms › Students are asked to find antonyms in the reading passage or, to define a set
of words based on their understanding of them as they occur in the reading passage
› It is important for students to learn about the forms(grammar rules) of the target language
› Students are asked to apply the rules on examples they are given
› Students should fill in the blanks with the new vocabulary or with a particular grammar type
Memorization
› Students are asked to memorize new words, grammatical rules, and verb conjugation
› Students are asked to make up sentences with the new words they learn in the text
› This technique can show whether students really understand the new words
Composition
16.
An effective way for application of grammar and sentence structure Least stressful for students as
they use their native language.
1. AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
is a method for foreign language teaching which emphasized the teaching of listening and speaking
before reading and writing.
Long-range objective or the ultimate goal is to develop the student’s abilities are the same like what
native speakers have, to use it automatically without stopping to think.
6. Audio-lingual Method(ALM) was developed in the US during the Second World War.
This method is accepted by people of other countries and was introduced in Indonesia in the 1960’s.
8. Theory of language
Students were not able to transfer skills to real communication outside the classroom.