Sequence of Work in Construction

Raz, Jim Bryan E. Construction Management Ar. Lauro F.
Ador
201510324 TTH / 3:30PM -5:00PM
Sequence of Work in Construction

1. Paper Work
Construction of residential building required paper work before the start of actual
construction. The paper works are preparation of drawings, estimation of material
cost, labor cost & contingencies, approval of drawings from Building official.
2. Marking of Layout
The approved plan boundaries are marked in the
ground first and the ground inside and outside the
layout is cleaned. Later the complete layout is
marked on the ground with accurate dimension and
orientation.
3. Excavation
Generally excavation is carried out for the
construction of wall foundations. Excavation should
be carried out as per the drawings defined lengths &
widths. Suitable machines are used to excavate the
earth for the making of foundation.
4. Foundation Work
Foundation work consists of many sub works which are as follows:
1. Compacting the ground
The excavation pits are trimmed and dressed as per the requirement and the
bottom is compacted using hand compactors.
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Raz, Jim Bryan E. Construction Management Ar. Lauro F. Ador
201510324 TTH / 3:30PM -5:00PM
2. PCC
To form a solid bases on which the reinforcement can be tied and footing can be
placed. Plain cement concrete of the mix 1:4:8 or 1:3:6 is laid on the compacted soil in
varying depth as required.
3. Footing Reinforcement
Reinforcement steel bars are tied together and

placed on the PCC to form a skeleton in which the
concrete is poured and the column rods are taken
from them.
4. Shuttering/Formworks
To achieve proper shaped concrete, shuttering

is done as per the dimensions mentioned in the
drawing. It is also done so that the concrete doesn’t
come in contact with the soil.
5. Footing Concrete
It is very necessary to check the levels of

foundation before co ncrete work. There are patches
where excavated depth slightly exceeds and vice
versa. Concrete is poured as per drawing specs.
Depth of foundation varies from 9” to 18” and

normally for most of the cases it is considered as 12’’
depth. The foundation width is kept equals to its
depth.
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5. Column Casting
Casting of columns is made by fixing the shuttering
framework and concrete is poured in the formwork. The
shutteri ng is usually removed after 24hr of casting and
curing is done.
6. Construction of Walls and Slabs

Walls are constructed using many materials such as
brick, wooden, precast concrete and many other. Before
starting the wall construction the base of wall is constructed
first using concrete or size stone masonry. The height of the
walls depends upon the floor height. Necessary opening are
given for doors, windows and ventilators.
7. Lintel
Masonry work of buildings is carried out in one go till roof. Openings for windows &
doors are left during masonry works. Reinforced cement concrete beams are laid down on
the top of openings. So, those loads of structure above openings not directly come on to
the door frames.
8. Roof Slab
Slab of building is poured after completion of masonry
works. Now a days, roofing is of reinforced cement
concrete slab. Slab thickness & reinforcement details should
be according to approved drawings.
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9. Plastering
Form work is removed after 14 days of slab
pouring. Now plaster work begins. Mortar for
plaster work is generally of 1:3 or 1:4 is used.
Thickness of plaster layer should not be more
than 0.75inch. Cure the surface about 7 days. So
that, plaster gain proper strength.
Generally, internal walls of buildings are

covered with plastered layer and external walls
with pointing. It is better plaster the external
walls rather than pointing.
10. Fixing of doors and windows

Traditionally, doors and windows of woods are used. But, steel & aluminum is also
not a bad choice. In case of wooden doors & windows, frames are fixed in walls during
masonry work. Panels are then fixed with hinges after plaster work. Steel and aluminum
doors are fixed after completion of paint works.
11. Fixing of Electrical and Plumbing Works

The necessary electrical and plumbing works are carried out before the final finishing
works such as painting and tiles laying is done so as to reduce the damage.
12. Tiles Laying

Majorly tiles are laid in the bathrooms and
kitch en area. First the wall tiles are fixed after
which the floor tiles are fixed. For flooring
works, granite, marble, tiles, and epoxy are
also used.
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13. Painting
Painting consists of different sequences depending upon the type of finished required.
1 coat of primer and 2 coat of water based paint is also done or 2 coat of putty and 2 coats
of painting is done for the smooth finish. It defers for outside and inside works.
14. Miscellaneous Works

Other than all these above mentioned works, there are other works that are carried as
per the requirement of the consumer and design engineer.
 Terrace water proofing

 landscaping works
 False Ceiling
 Installation of Furniture
15. Completion of Certificate

At this stage, one can apply for completion certificate from the respective authorities.
After completion of construction Architect/Licensee will have to apply for a completion
certificate in the prescribed format along with completed building drawings to the Issuing
Authorities. The local authority will check completion documents for compliance with
building rules and will assess building tax for the building. Once you have received the
completion /occupancy certificate you can apply for water connection.
A temporary electrical connection can be applied any time once you have an active
site which can be converted to a permanent connection later on when all the necessary
papers are at hand.
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Construction Labor Rates

Description Unit Rate
Foreman hourly 70.76
Electrician hourly 64.89
Plumber hourly 64.89
Leadman hourly 64.89
Heavy Equipment Operator hourly 59.02
Highly Skilled Worker hourly 59.02
Light Equipment Operator hourly 55.21
Driver hourly 51.33
Skilled Worker hourly 51.33
Semi-skilled Worker hourly 47.46
Unskilled Worker hourly 39.59
*All amount in Php as of 2019
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EQUIPMENT CAPABILITIES
Type of equipment Average Capabilities
1. Bulldozer (D8) a.) Clearing 500 sq.m./hr.
b.) Stripping 200 sq.m./hr
c.) Excavation
1.) Common Soil 45 cu.m/hr.
2.) Slightly hard Materials 25 cu.m./hr.
d.) Quarrying
107 Common Materials 50 cu.m./hr.
108 Aggregates 40 cu.m./hr.
Boulders 15 cu.m./hr.
200 Needs Screening
e.) Pushing 3 cu.m./hr.
2. Road Grader a.) Sub grading 300 cu.m./hr.
b.) Spreading 50 cu.m./hr.
3. Payloader Loading 30 cu.m./hr.
4. Crane Shovel Loading 35 cu.m./hr.
5. Sheep Foot Roller a.) Static Rolling 15 cu.m./hr.
(12 passes – 15 cm. lift)
b.) Vibratory Rolling 135 cu.m./hr.
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6. 3 – Wheel Road Roller a.) Static Rolling 24 cu.m./hr.
7. Tractor Drawn Roller a.) Vibratory Rolling 24 cu.m./hr.
8. Tandem Roller a.) Static Rolling 24 cu.m./hr.
b.) Vibratory Rolling 72 cu.m./hr.
9.) 6 – T Dump Truck a.) Hauling Common Borrow 3.5 cu.m./hr.
Base Course
b.) Hauling Selected Borrow 5.0 cu.m./hr.
c.) Hauling Concrete Batch 2 Batch/trip
‘Class A’
10. 2 ½ T – Dump Truck a.) Hauling Common Borrow 2.5 cu.m./trip
Base Course
b.) Hauling Selected Borrow 4.0 cu.m./trip
Base Concrete Batch 1.0 Batch/trip
‘ Class A ‘
11. Buggy a.) Hauling Concrete Mix 0.17 cu.m./trip
12. Wheel Borrow a.) Hauling Aggregates 0.17 cu.m./trip
b.) Hauling Concrete Mix 0.05 cu.m./trip
13. Water Truck a.) Watering 1000 sq.m./trip
14. Concrete Mixer a.) Mixing Concrete 9 cu.m./hr.
15. Rock Crusher a.) Crushing Mix sand & Gravel 30 cu.m./hr.
16. Concrete Vibrator a.) Vibrating Concrete Mix 40 cu.m./hr.
17. Concrete Floor Finisher a.) Finishing Concrete Floor 140 cu.m./hr.
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18. Percussion Drilling a.) Drilling Hard Rock 0.23 m./hr.
b.) Drilling Loose Rock 0.30 m./hr.
c.) Drilling Lime Stone 0.38 m./hr.
d.) Drilling Sticky Clay 0.49 m./hr.
e.) Drilling Loose Clay 0.70 m./hr.
TASK RATES FOR LABOR-BASED PROJECTS
I. For Item 100 – Clearing and Grubbing

Activity: Productivity
1.) Bush Clearing sq.m./man-day
Bush Type
a.) Light Bush 200
b.) Medium Bush 100
c.) Dense Bush 50
2.) Tree and Stump Removal One (1) man-day per cm. of trunk diameter at
Base of tree
3.) Grubbing
Vegetation Type
a.) Dense vegetation in firm soil covering 80
the whole area
b.) Spaced vegetation in loose soil 250
II. For Item 105 – Excavation for Roadway & Drainage

Activity Productivity
1.) Excavation Cu.m./man-day (throwing distance in m.)
Soil Type 0 – 4 m. 4 – 6 m. 6 – 8 m.
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a.) Loose, rot sticky soil 5.0 - 6.0 4.5 – 5.5 3.5 – 4.5
b.) Firm Soil 3.5 – 4.5 3.4 – 4.0 2.5 – 3.5
c.) Very hared soil, hard soil mixed 2.0 – 3.0 1.8 – 2.5 1.7 – 2.5
with stones
2.) Loading Cu.m./man-day
Type of Soil
a.) Loose 4.5 – 5.5
b.) Firm 2.5 – 4.0
c.) Hard 1.5 – 2.5
Excavation combined with loading of soil can be effectively carried out by laborers up to a loading
height of about 1.00 e.g. into wheel borrow or head baskets. Above that height, it is preferable to have a
separate group of leaders whose output must be matched with that of the excavators.
Necessary output for the Loading Activity
Soil Type Loading Height Productivity cu.m./man-day
a.) Loose 0.1 m. 12 – 15
b.) Loose 1 – 2 m. 7 – 10
c.) Loose Over 2 m. 4–5
III. For Item 106 – Excavation for Structures

1.) Excavation Depending on the type of soil
There use similar productivity
Data as those used for Excavation
In Item 105
IV. For Item 110 – Foundation Fill
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1.) Backfilling and Tamping 3 cu.m./man-day
V. For Item 108 – Aggregate Sub – Base Course
1.) Quarrying (Excavation & Gravel) 0.50 – 2.0 cu.m./man-day
2.) Loading 7 – 10 cu.m./man-day
3.) Spreading 8 – 12 cu.m./man-day
4.) Compacting 8 – 12 cu.m./man-day
5.) Hauling activity should be considered in this item, hence, hauling distance has an important bearing on the
cost of the gravelling operation, the maximum acceptable. Hauling distance has to be considered from case to
case.
VI For Item 200 - Aggregate Base Course
1.) Quarrying 0.50 – 2.0 cu.m./man-day
2.) Loading 7 – 10 cu.m./man-day
3.) Spreading 8 – 12 cu.m./man-day
4.) Compacting 8 – 12 cu.m./man-day
5.) Hauling – please refer to activity no. 5 of Item 108
6.) Screeping 3–5
VII. For Item 413 – Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert

1.) Crushing of stone for aggregate 0.20 cu.m./man-day
2.) Casting of culvert rings 2 man-days/ring
3.) Laying of standard culvert (24 in. diameter) Refer culvert laying data below
Or 0.60 m. dia., length 6.00 m.,
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Excavation, culvert bad and
Backfill
4.) Building of headwalls with masonry blocks 10 man-days/2 head walls
If the length of the culvert exceeds 6 meters, the number of man-days has to be increased accordingly.
Culvert laying – this task consist of the excavation of the trench preparing the bed, laying o culvert,
backfilling and compaction. Number of man-days required varies with the volume of the excavation and the
soil type.
FACTORS TO BE MULTIPLIED TO DETERMINE THE REQUIRED QUANTITY OF EACH

MATERIAL
CONCRETE (BASED) on the 88 pounds (lbs.) bag of cement
CLASS “A” CONCRETE (3000 psi)
Cement – 9.08 Bags/cu.m. of concrete + 3 - 5 % wastage
Sand – 0.58 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete + 8 – 10% wastage
Gravel – 0.77 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete + 8 – 10 % wastage
CLASS “B” CONCRETE (2500 psi)
Cement – 8.38 bgs/cu.m. of concrete + 3 – 5% wastage
Gravel – 0.82 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete + 8 – 10% wastage
CLASS “C” CONCRETE (3500 psi)
Cement – 9.77 bags/cu.m. of concrete + 3 – 5% wastage
Gravel – 0.70 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete + 8 -10% wastage
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CLASS “D” CONCRETE (4000 psi)
Cement – 11.17 bags/cu.m. of concrete + 3 – 5% wastage
Gravel – 0.68 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete + 8 – 10% wastage
FOR BRIDGE ESTIMATE
Lumber for false work - 60 bd.foot/cu.m. of concrete
Nails - 2 kilos/cu.m. of concrete
Tie wires - 1.1 kilos/cu.m. of concrete
Painting structural steel - 3 galloons per ton
AVERAGE FUEL CONSUMPTION PERDAY
FUEL ENGINE GEAR GREASE OIL#10
OIL OIL
Crane, 140 liters(diesel) 4 liters 1 liter 2 lbs. –
Diesel Hammer, 20 liters - - - 1 liter
Bulldozer, 200 liters (Diesel) 3 liters 1 liter 1 lb. 1 liter
Payloader, 100 liters (Diesel) 3 liters 1 liter 1 lb. 1 liter
Grader, 120 liters (Diesel) 3 liters 1 liter 1 lb. 1 liter
Roller, 60 liters (Diesel) 2 liters 1 liter/wk. 2 lbs./wk. 1 liter
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Dump Truck, 60 liters (Diesel) 1 liter 2liters/wk. 1 lb. 1 liter
Mixer (1-bagger), 40 liters (gas.) - - 0.5 lb. –
Vibrator, 15 liters (gasoline) - - - -
One Bagger Mixer – 100 bags/day
Crane – minimum of 2 piles/day (16 m. length including spotting)
VOLUME OF TRENCH CU.M.
Soil Type 7 7–8 10 -13
In these cases, the work split over two or more days. First the trench should be excavated and then the
preparation of the bed, the laying, backfilling and compaction is done. Therefore the volume of the excavation
to be limited following rates and then applicable:
Soil Type Productivity
a.) Hard Soil 3.50 cu.m./man-day
b.) Very hard, stony 2.00 cu.m./man-day
After completion of the trench approximately 4 man – days are needed to lay 6 rings, backfill and
compact to finish road level.
I. MECHANIZED ASPECT
A. CLEARING AND GRUBBING
Dozer Production
Horse Power Dense of Vegetation (No. of Trees/Hectare)
0 – 50 51 – 100 101 – 200 201 – 250 250 above
120 360 250 190 160 130
140 420 290 220 185 150
160 480 330 255 210 170
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180 540 375 285 240 195
200 600 420 310 265 215
B. EXCAVATION (Common Materials)

B.1 Crane
Tonnage Capacity (cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Canal Structure Creek
15 15 10 10
20 20 15 15
25 25 20 20
30 30 25 25
B.2 Dozer
Dozer Production (cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Horse Power Canal Structure
120 30 15
140 35 20
160 40 25
180 45 30
200 50 35
B.3 Backhoe
Bucket (cu.m.) Production (cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Canal Structure Creek
0.50 20 15 15
0.75 30 20 20
1.00 40 30 30
1.25 50 40 40
1.50 60 45 45
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C. QUARRYING
Dozer Production (cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Horse Power Common Aggregate Cobbles/Boulders
140 55 60 27
160 60 65 29
180 65 70 31
200 70 75 33
J. AVERAGE SPEED OF DUMP TRUCK
Type of Road Kilometer per hour
With Load Without Load
Concrete/Asphalt Road 35 45
Good Maintained Gravel Road 30 35
Poorly Maintained Gravel Road 20 25
K. DEMOLITION OF CONCRETE
160 CFN Compressor & two (2) Jack Hammer
Capacity – 8.00 cu.m./day for massive concrete
12.00 cu.m./day for slab & wall
L. DRIVING OF PILES
Steel Pipes: Crane 25 tons with 2 – tons drop hammer, Capacity = 8 L.M./Hr.
Concrete Piles: Crane 25 tons with 2500 kgs. Pile Hammer, Capacity = 2.00 L.M.
L.M. per hour, 4.00 L.M.per hour, for thick and thin concrete
piles
MANUAL ASPECT
A. Excavation:
A.1 Common Materials
Capacity (cu.m./day)Bank Volume & Depth of Excavation
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Type of Work (meter)
Farm Ditchs 3.00 2.50 2.00
Canal 2.50 2.00 1.75
Structure 2.00 1.75 1.50
A.2 Slight Hard Materials (Ind.)
Type of Work Capacity (cu.m./man-day) Bank Volume
Canal 1.00
Structure 0.75
B. LOADING CAPABILITIES OF FIVE (5) LABORERS

Sand & Common Cobbles Boulders Cement R.S. Bars Lumber Plywood
Gravel
Cu.m./hr cu.m./hr. cu.m./hr. cu.m./hr. bags/hr kgs/hr. bd.ft./hr. pcs./hr.
4 5 3.5 3 3 6,000 4,000 2.5
C. UNLOADING CAPABILITIES OF FIVE (5) LABORERS

Sand & Common Cobbles Boulders Cement R.S. Bars Lumber Plywood
Gravel
Cu.m./hr cu.m./hr. cu.m./hr. cu.m./hr. bags/hr kgs/hr. bd.ft./hr. pcs./hr.
6 6 5 4 300 7,000 4,000 2.5
D. CUT, BEND & PLACE RSB

Structure 1 Steelman & 1 Helper with bar cutter
Canal & others 80 kgs./day
E. QUARRYING
Capability cu.m./man-day
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Sand & Gravel Cobbles Boulders
3.50 2.50 2.00
F. DEMOLITION OF CONCRETE
Slab and Wall 0.50 cu.m./man-day
Massive Concrete 0.20 cu.m./man-day
G. SCREENING OF AGGREGATES
Gravel 4.00 cu.m./man-day
Sand 6.00 cu.m./man-day
H. MANUAL BACKFILL
Capacity : 3.00 cu.m./man-day
I. LAYING OF MATERIALS (cu.m./man-day)

Cobbles - 2.00
Boulders - 1.50
J. SPREADING OF AGGREGATE
Capacity - 2.50 cu.m./man-day
K. RUBBLE MASONRY (Concreting)

Crew: 1 – Foreman, 2 – Mason, 10 – Laborers, 1 – Light Equip. Oper.
Capacity: 6.00 cu.m./day
L. GROUTED RIPRAP
Crew: 1 – Foreman, 2 – Mason, 10 – Laborers, 1 – Light Equip. Oper.
M. CONCRETE HALLOW BLOCK: Setting Capacity sq.m./day
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Crew: 1 – Mason, 2 - Laborers
Fence Building
4” CHB 14 10
6” CHB 10 8
N. CONCRETE LINING
Crew: 1 – Foreman, 2 – Mason, 1 – Light Equipt. Oper.
10 – Laborers with one bagger mixer
O. INSTALLATION OF STEEL GATES

Crew: 1 – Mason & 5 – Laborers
16 X 16 to 24 X 24 2 assy/day
Above 24 X 24 1 assy/day
P. CONCRETE WORKS
P.1 Fabrication, Placing & Dismantling of Forms
Crew: 2 – Carpenters, 4 – Laborers, Capacity: 3.50 cu.m./day for 3000psi
Crew: 1 – Carpenter, 1 – Laborer, Capacity: 4.50 cu.m./day canal lining
P.2 Concreting and Curing Capability
P.2.a. With concrete mixer
Crew: 1 – Foreman, 2 – mason, 1 – L.E. Operator, 8 – Laborers
Class “A” : 3.50 cu.m./day
Class “B” : 3.70 cu.m./day
Class “C” : 3.50 cu.m./day
Lean Concrete : 4.50 cu.m./day
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Q. PLASTERING OF CHB WALL

Crew: 2 – Masons, 2 – Laborers
Capability: 12 sq.m./day (One side only)
R. REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPES

Crew Capability
Diameter
Inch Cm. Fabrication Installation
1 – Foreman 12 30 15 16
1 – Mason 18 46 11 11
1 – Carpenter/Steelman 24 61 9 12
12 – Laborers with 30 76 6 10
1 – Bagger Mixer 36 91 5 8
48 122 3 6
42 4 7
NOTE: TIME OF MIXING = BAGS OF CEMENT/DAY X 10 MIN./BAG
60 MINUTES/HOUR
III. MATERIAL ASPECT

Class Strength Max. Aggre. Cement Sand Gravel Boulder
Size, inch. Bags/cu.m cu.m./cu.m.
A. Concrete
a. 211 kgs. 1.50 9.00 0.45 0.90 -
b. 200 kgs. 2.00 7.00 0.50 1.00 -
Canal Lining
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200 kgs 1.00 7.50 0.48 0.96 -
B. Rubble Masonry
w/ 211 kgs. - 4.50 0.225 0.45 0.75
C. Grouted Riprap - 4.20 0.35 0.05 1.00
Plain Riprap - - - 0.10 1.00
D. Lean Concrete - 5.00 0.50 1.00 -
1000 psi
E. Gravel Blanket - - - 1.00 -
F. Filter Drain - - - - -
OTHER MATERIALS
Class Type of Strength F. Lumber 1/2”Plywd. Tie Wire Nails
Structure Kgs. bd.ft./cu.m. pcs./cu.m. kgs/cu.m kgs/cu.m
A Bridge/Flume 211 40 1.00 1.25%RSB 2.50
A Siphon/Box Cul 211 25 1.25 1.20%RSB 2.00
A Other Struc.@inc 211 25 1.25 1.10%RSB 2.00
A 211 5 0.10 - 0.50
B 200 5 - - 0.25
A 211 15 0.40 1.00%RSB 1.50
B 200 5 0.10 1.00%RSB 0.50
A 211 5 - - 0.25
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REINFORCE CONCRETE PIPES
Diameter Fabrication Materials per piece
Cement Sand Gravel G.I. F. Lumber Tie Wire CW Nails
Sheet
Inches Bag Cu.m. Cu.m. Pc. Bd.ft. Kgs. Kgs.
12 0.58 0.02 0.05 0.12 0.34 9.28 0.10
18 1.22 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.36 7.72 0.20
24 1.82 0.08 0.15 0.24 0.48 9.75 0.30
30 2.56 0.11 0.21 0.30 0.60 23.22 0.40
36 3.33 0.14 0.28 0.34 0.72 50.43 0.50
42 4.26 0.18 0.36 0.40 0.84 60.84 0.60
INSTALLATION OF R.C. PIPES
Diameter Cement Sand Gravel R.S.B. F. Lumber Tie Wire CW Nails
Inches Bag Cu.m. Cu.m. Kgs. Bd.ft. Kgs. Kgs.
12 0.21 0.01 0.02 - 2.00 0.20 0.20
18 0.45 0.02 0.04 3.65 2.00 0.20 0.20
24 0.72 0.03 0.06 4.52 3.00 0.30 0.30
30 0.93 0.04 0.08 5.26 3.00 0.30 0.30
36 1.11 0.05 0.10 6.01 4.00 0.40 0.40
42 1.32 0.06 0.12 6.79 4.00 0.40 0.40
PLASTERING C.H.B. BLOCK
Size Materials per sq.m. for two (2) sides
Sand Cement
4” X 6” 0.034 0.41
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G.I. LAYING OF C.H.B.
Size Cement Sand
Bags/sq.m. Cu.m./sq.m.
4” 0.55 0.046
6” 1.07 0.089
ACEL RATE 1998
Operated Equipment Description Rate per Day (PhP)
Bulldozer Komatsu, D80A-12DD 180Hp 9,160.00
Payloader 75 TCM,Clark, 1.53 cu.m. 10,010.00
Capacity, 151 Hp
Road Grader Mitsubishi MG 500 170 Hp 8,808.00
Dump Truck Japan & other Make, 9,016.00
10 cu.m. Capacity
Road Roller Ingersoll Rand SP48 MI Tons 8,701.00
Crane All models, Truck mounted, 11,296.00
Standard mechanically operated
31 – 35 Tons
Backhoe Komatsu PC 120, Capacity 90 Hp 9,656.00
Transit Mixer Japan Make 3.8 cu.m., 46 cu.m 8,528.00
Capacity 175 Hp
Air Compressor Gas/Diesel Engine, CFM 20 Hp 1,376.00
Plate Compactor 12 Hp Engine Driven 1,648.00
Asphalt Paver Worthington 34 (Basic Equipment Only) 3,320.00
Asphalt Distributor Little Ford Sprasmaster 5,784.00
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Bare Equipment Description Rate per Day (PhP)
Pile Hammer (w/o crane) Domag D8 – 22 5,067.00
Drop Hammer (w/o crane) Two Tons w/ Pile Hammer 100.00
Jack Hammer Stanley, hydraulic w/o power unit 294.00
Welding Machine Gas/Diesel Driven 250 Amps., 185 Hp 300.00
Concrete Mixer 1 – Bagger 298.00
Concrete Vibrator Gas/Diesel Driven 341.00
Chainsaw Husquama, 2100 CD w/o Blade 180.00
Water Truck All makes, 500 - 1000 gals. 1,773.00
Water Pump All models 3.5” – 4” size 119.00
Concrete Batch Plant With Cement Silo Manual 5,113.00
/mo. X rated cap. In
Cu.m./hour
LABOR OUTPUT CAPABILITIES
REMOVAL EXISTING STRUCTURE:
Lumpsum:
Installations:
Timber:
Girts and Girder 0.10 – 0.15 cu.m./man-day
Floor Joist 150 L.M man-days
Flooring Boards 15 – 18 sq.m./man-days
Post 0.14 cu.m./man-days
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Walling/Sliding:
Covering 30 sq.m./man-days
Framing, Studs 12 cu.m./man-days
(Multiply by the no. of days Double Walling)
Ceiling Joist and Hangers 16 sq.m./man-days
Ceiling Boards (4’X8’ Plywood) 30 sq.m./man-days
Window sashes:
Jamb Fabrication 4 sq.m./man-days
Frames Fabrication 2 sq.m./man-days
Jambs Installation 14 sq.m./man-days
Frames Installation 10 sq.m./man-days
Doors:
Jambs Fabrication/Installation 2.5 sq.m./man-days
Door Fabrication/Installation 1 panel/man-days
Paintings:
Paint Rollers 125 sq.m./man-days
Paint Brush 50 sq.m./man-days
Neutralizer 100 sq.m./man-days
Truss Fabrication: 0.25 truss/man-days
Purlins Installation 125 sq.m./man-days
Fascia Board 0.05 cu.m./man-day
Roof Coverings (GI Sheets) 35 pcs./man-days
Concrete Works:
Concrete Pouring 0.30 pcs./man-days
Rebars 20 – 30 kgs./man-days
Finishing
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201510324 TTH / 3:30PM -5:00PM
Rough Finish 10 sq.m./man-days
Plain/Fine Finish 8 sq.m./man-days
CHB Filling/Laying
A. Cement Mortar
Table 1. Quantity of Cement and Sand for CHB Mortar per square meter wall
Size of CHB No. per sq.m. 40 Kg. Mixture Cement Bags
A B C Sand
4”X8”X16” 12.5 0.525 0.394 0.328 0.0438
6”X8”X16” 12.5 1.013 0.759 0.633 0.0844
8”X8”X16” 12.5 1.500 1.125 0.938 0.1250
B. Mortar for Plastering

Table 2. Quantity of Cement and Sand for Plastering per square meter
40 kg. Cement Bag
Mixture Class 16 mm thick 20 mm thick 25 mm thick
A 0.288 0.360 0.450
B 0.192 0.240 0.300
C 0.144 0.180 0.225
D 0.120 0.150 0.188
Sand 0.016 0.020 0.025
1. Find the area of the wall (two faces)

Area = 3.00 X 4.00 X 2 faces
Area = 24 sq.m.
2. Refer to Table 2 under 16 mm thick plaster Class “B” mixture: Multiply:

Cement = 24 X 0.192 = 4.6 bags
Sand = 24 X 0.016 = 0.384 cu.m.
C. CHB Footing
Table 3. Quantity of Cement, Sand and Gravel for CHB Footing per square meter
Page | 26
201510324 TTH / 3:30PM -5:00PM
Length
Dimension Cement in Bags Class Mixture Aggregate
Centimeters 40 kgs Cement Sand Gravel
Thick Width A B cu.m. cu.m.
10 30 0.270 0.225 0.015 0.030
10 35 0.315 0.263 0.018 0.035
10 40 0.360 0.300 0.020 0.040
10 50 0.450 0.380 0.020 0.050
15 40 0.540 0.450 0.030 0.060
15 45 0.608 0.506 0.034 0.068
15 50 0.675 0.563 0.038 0.075
15 60 0.810 0.675 0.045 0.090
20 40 0.720 0.600 0.040 0.080
20 50 0.900 0.750 0.050 0.100
20 60 1.080 0.900 0.060 0.120
1. Solve for the net length of the CHB wall

Net Length = 40 m – (0.25 X 11 post)
= 37.25 meters
2. Refer to Table 3 along the 15 X 50 cm footing dimensions 40 kgs. cement

Class “A”
Mixture; Multiply:
Cement = 37.25 X 0.675 = 25.14 say 26 bags
Sand = 37.25 X 0.038 = 1.4 say 1.50 cu.m.
Gravel = 37.25 X 0.075 = 2.8 say 3.00 cu.m.
Page | 27
201510324 TTH / 3:30PM -5:00PM
MAINTENANCE BY CONTRACT (MBC)
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
1. PATCHING POTHOLES – should be done to the areas specified by the contracts and plans duly
approved by the Engineer Materials to be used must be suitable to acquire best result when compacted.
SCHEDULE OF WORKS: MONTHLY
2. RESHAPING - should also be done to areas required in the plan and contracts. All works should
conform to what will be described in the specification. SCHEDULE OF WORKS: QUARTERLY
3. VEGETATION CONTROL AND CLEANING DITCHES – All objects subject for the obstruction of
the designed areas should be removed and cleared. SCHEDULE OF WORK: TWICE A YEAR
4. REGRAVELLING - All materials shall consist of hard, durable particles or fine divided mineral matter
that can be compacted reaching for stable sub-base. Using especially equipped vehicles materials should
be distributed in a continuous uniform layer. The uniform thickness of sub-base materials shall be
adjusted prior to the compaction by watering or by drying as required in order to obtain the required
compaction. Compaction shall continue until a field density of at least 100 (%) percent of the maximum
dry density. SCHEDULE OF WORKS – ANNUALAL
5. BLADING/GRADING – All unstable materials should be removed in areas subject for blading/grading.
These areas should be brought to a grade required in the plan and contracts. Compaction will follow
using heavier compacting units until required density can be attained.
Page | 28
201510324 TTH / 3:30PM -5:00PM
References:
 https://www.kjasons.com/newsroom/109-residential/369-
howtoconstruct.html?fbclid=IwAR3-Uzos72AVtdyQiJTPFbRN-
IGhNFwLaXcDYTBEwxAzKkaxWHyNQHqCagI
 https://philconprices.com/2018/05/construction-labor-rates-in-the-philippines/
 https://theconstructor.org/building/work-sequence-building-
construction/26615/?fbclid=IwAR3fB7kVmlLOlLeJNW0siYhzwDSWUOcRyW1
PNIb5MLU1KojcfbNX6rRFlp0
Page | 29

Sequence of Work in Construction

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Sequence of Work in Construction

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Raz, Jim Bryan E. Construction Management Ar. Lauro F.

Sequence of Work in Construction

1. Compacting the ground

Reinforcement steel bars are tied together and

To achieve proper shaped concrete, shuttering

It is very necessary to check the levels of

Depth of foundation varies from 9” to 18” and

6. Construction of Walls and Slabs

Generally, internal walls of buildings are

10. Fixing of doors and windows

11. Fixing of Electrical and Plumbing Works

12. Tiles Laying

14. Miscellaneous Works

 Terrace water proofing

15. Completion of Certificate

Construction Labor Rates

Foreman hourly 70.76

Electrician hourly 64.89

Plumber hourly 64.89

Leadman hourly 64.89

Heavy Equipment Operator hourly 59.02

Highly Skilled Worker hourly 59.02

Light Equipment Operator hourly 55.21

Driver hourly 51.33

Skilled Worker hourly 51.33

Semi-skilled Worker hourly 47.46

Unskilled Worker hourly 39.59

*All amount in Php as of 2019

Type of equipment Average Capabilities

1. Bulldozer (D8) a.) Clearing 500 sq.m./hr.

b.) Stripping 200 sq.m./hr

1.) Common Soil 45 cu.m/hr.

2.) Slightly hard Materials 25 cu.m./hr.

107 Common Materials 50 cu.m./hr.

108 Aggregates 40 cu.m./hr.

200 Needs Screening

e.) Pushing 3 cu.m./hr.

2. Road Grader a.) Sub grading 300 cu.m./hr.

b.) Spreading 50 cu.m./hr.

3. Payloader Loading 30 cu.m./hr.

4. Crane Shovel Loading 35 cu.m./hr.

5. Sheep Foot Roller a.) Static Rolling 15 cu.m./hr.

(12 passes – 15 cm. lift)

b.) Vibratory Rolling 135 cu.m./hr.

(6 passes – 20 cm. lift)

6. 3 – Wheel Road Roller a.) Static Rolling 24 cu.m./hr.

(6 passes – 20 cm. lift)

7. Tractor Drawn Roller a.) Vibratory Rolling 24 cu.m./hr.

(6 passes – 20 cm. lift)

8. Tandem Roller a.) Static Rolling 24 cu.m./hr.

(6 passes – 20 cm. lift)

b.) Vibratory Rolling 72 cu.m./hr.

(6 passes – 60 cm. lift)

9.) 6 – T Dump Truck a.) Hauling Common Borrow 3.5 cu.m./hr.

b.) Hauling Selected Borrow 5.0 cu.m./hr.

c.) Hauling Concrete Batch 2 Batch/trip

10. 2 ½ T – Dump Truck a.) Hauling Common Borrow 2.5 cu.m./trip

b.) Hauling Selected Borrow 4.0 cu.m./trip

Base Concrete Batch 1.0 Batch/trip

11. Buggy a.) Hauling Concrete Mix 0.17 cu.m./trip

12. Wheel Borrow a.) Hauling Aggregates 0.17 cu.m./trip

b.) Hauling Concrete Mix 0.05 cu.m./trip

13. Water Truck a.) Watering 1000 sq.m./trip