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Proposed steps to be taken when an average occurs

SKANDIA
Inform the Owners/Underwriters. Do not make any statements to outsiders regarding the cause of the average.
Collision
Consider first of all the safety of the vessels. Report immediately any oil leakage. Do also the following which is easy
to forget. Make notes!
Take the time of the collision. Check with the engine room.
Determine immediately and carefully the position of the collision. This is very important in channels and when the
traffic is separated.
The course at the collision.
Alterations of course in connection with the collision. The times.
Visibility before and at the collision.
The course recorder — mark the collision on the tape and corrections of shown course and time.
The speed in knots before and at the collision. Preferably according to log readings.
The engine recorder - mark the collision on the tape.
Signals - which ones and when?
Bearings and distances to other vessel. Times.
The angle of collision - sketch.
Write down the helmsman's and the lockout's own observations.
Keep any radar plots and do not erase the relevant notes on the chart in use.
Take photographs if possible.
If the other vessel is wholly or partly to blame for the collision, she should be held
formally responsible. If possible, the letter form enclosed can be used.
Grounding
Determine the exact position.
Report immediately any oil leakage.
Take soundings. Check at regular intervals. Make notes.
It may prove advantageous to wait with refloating attempts until the vessel's position aground and possible damages
also to the main engine, steering engine and luboil tanks, have been investigated.
v
Take soundings around the vessel and make a proper sketch. * The condition of the bottom. Sand,
mud, stone? The tide. Rising, falling?
Current. Particularly dangerous on loose sand which can shift and aggravate the situation.
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The draft before and after the grounding. Obtain weather forecasts.
Make a trim calculation in order to investigate if you, by means of ballast water, bunkers and possibly also cargo, can
lighten the vessel from the ground. Pay attention to the stability!
When there is a risk of heavy swell or current and rising water, the advisability of filling empty tanks should be
considered in order to prevent the vessel from being forced higher aground.
Salvage
Inform the Owners as soon as possible about assistance needed, if feasible inform also the nearest Average Agent.
Should immediate assistance be required, take whatever is available. If several Salvors should offer their services, take
the one you believe to be the most suitable.
Should the Salvors require a contract, ask for Lloyd's Open Form - No cure no pay.
(See form on next page.) But if the situation permits, confer with the Owners or }
with the Average Agent.
Should you incur an engine breakdown at sea, the towage to port is considered as salvage. And that is expensive. If the
danger is only small, investigate if you can manage in some other way. -»
/
The salvage award shall be calculated according to Sect. 225 of the Swedish Mari- time Law. Make notes of
everything in connection with the salvage, steps taken both by you and by the Salvors (see Grounding).
Damage to quay or other objects by contact
Report to the Average Agent (the Owners' Agent) and ask for the damage to be surveyed jointly with the Owner of the
quay and yourself.
Take photographs and make a sketch of the damage. Describe the condition of the damaged object before the damage
was inflicted.
Notification
When extensive damage is inflicted to a vessel's hull, her engine, accommodation or equipment, the Owners shall as
soon as possible be notified as well as Skandia's Hull Representative. A list of the Representatives is enclosed herewith.
In those places where Skandia has no Representatives of its own, the Master should in the first instance contact a
Representative in the same country, in the second instance apply to Lloyd's Agent and request him to inform Skandia at
once.
Logbooks
A correct and brief report of what has occurred shall be entered in the respective logbooks. A verbatim extract from the
logbook shall as soon as possible be sent to the Owners.
Collision
In collision cases, detailed information is required regarding measures taken and observations made by the insured
vessel in order to decide the liability question, but it may prove difficult to supply afterwards exact information about
what happened before an unexpected collision. In areas with dense traffic it may, therefore, be prudent to make notes of
important information, such as the visibility, alterations of course and speed, signals, bearings and distances, both
visual and on radar, as well as positions, all with the correct times. On vessels with a direct bridge control, a notation of
the alteration of speed ought in this situation always to be made. Course recorders and other automatic recordings shall
be checked'with the ship's time and shall be preserved as shall also radar plots and notes on charts.
When the engine manoeuvres are noted in the engine room it is important to check daily that the clocks on the bridge
and in the engine room are synchronized.
In the logbook shall be entered only the factual information available after the collision — guesses and assumptions do
not belong in a logbook.
Grounding and Salvage
Salvage assistance should be requested through the Owners or through the nearest Representative of the Skandia
Insurance Co. Ltd. Can this not be done, nor directions awaited without endangering the vessel or the cargo, then
offered salvage assistance should be accepted. If the Salvors should demand a contract for the salvage, this ought to be
done on Lloyd's Form »No cure — No pay» and the contract signed by the Master, if so requested.
For settlement of the salvage award the following information is required: course and speed at the grounding and the
course when standing aground, the vessel's draft before and after, its position on the ground according to careful fixes
and own soundings, condition of the bottom, continous notes about tank soundings, the tide, wind, sea, currents and
weather forecasts, own actions and those of the Salvors in order to refloat the vessel such as pumping, trimming,
lightering or jettison of cargo and attempts to pull the vessel off with or without the use other own engine.
These notes shall be made in the respective logbooks.

M/S
at
Date
To the Master and Owners of
M/S _____________
Dear Sirs,
With reference to the collision between your vessel, the M/S ______________ and the M/S ___________ under my
command, at _______ hours on the ______ of _____ 19__
I herewith have to inform you that, on behalf of the Owners of the M/S ____________________ , I am holding you
responsible for the
damages sustained by my vessel as a result of said collision, as well as for all the consequences arising therefrom.
If not already done, I would propose that our Agents/Owners be contacted in order to arrange joint surveys of damages
sustained by our respective vessels.
My Agents are: ____________________________
My Owners are:
Yours faithfully, (sgd) ——————————
Master, M/S
Receipt acknowledged:
(sgd)
Master, M/S