Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
- Open system
Exceptions?
“Watershed hydrology”
Drainage-basin form
Basin form and channel patterns affect the hydrologic response
of the basin.
Palmate channel
network (Fig. 14a and b)
Stream discharge gradually
increases downstream.
Stream orders
How do we classify the rivers from a hydrological view point?
e.g. Bow River vs Nose Creek
Scale effects
Order of a particular stream assigned on a 1:25,000 map sheet
and on a 1:250,000 map sheet. Are they same or different?
Drainage density
= Total channel length (km) / Basin area
2
(km ) How does this affect the hydrologic
response?
Scale effects?
Relief ratio
= elevation difference, highest - lowest length of
the basin, parallel to the main stream
Relief ratio indicates the average slope of the basin.
9-6
Example:
Blackstone Creek and Jean-Marie Creek, NWT
-2
Blackstone 0.524 km km 0.0055
3 -2
Jean-Marie 0.237 km km 0.0034
0
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1999
300 Model
P
Inputs
P, PET (mm/month) 200
PET
100
200
moisture deficit (mm) soil moisture (mm)
100
0
30
20
10
0
100
runoff (mm)
50
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Model calibration
To be used as quantitative tools, models need to be calibrated.
What is calibration?
How is it done?
stream discharge (m3/s)
model simulation
actual observation
time (day)