REVIEW FINAL

CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEER

HỒ HƯƠNG GIANG
XÀI KÉ : Phú Lễ
 Lecture 8: Gas
4 properties:

Pressure P atm, mmHg, Pa 1 atm = 760 mm Hg

1 atm = 1.01 x 105 Pa

Volume V Liter L, milliliter (mL) 1 mg = 1 ml

Temp T Celsius (oC) K= oC + 273
Kelvin (K) oC = (F-32)/1.8

Amount n Grams (g);

moles (n)
 Pressure

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 Relationship between P and others

P= ↑↑∶ 𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 ↑ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 , 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑 ↑ 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, ↑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
↑↓∶ 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠: 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠, 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, ,
Atmospheric Pressure 𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 ( độ 𝑐𝑎𝑜 𝑠𝑜 𝑣ớ𝑖 𝑚ự𝑐 𝑛ướ𝑐 𝑏𝑖ể𝑛, 𝑣ì 𝑛ó ↑↓ 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦)
(measured by Barometers)
Higher on rainy day
Patm =∆𝒉 × 𝝆 ×𝒈 Lower on sunny day
= 1atm

Gas Pressure
(measured by Manometers)
Pgas = ∆𝒉
 Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law PV = constant V ↑↓ P P1V1 =P2V2
Charles’ Law 𝑉
𝑇
= constant V ↑↑ T V1/T1= V2/T2
Gay-Lussac’s Law 𝑃
𝑇
= constant P ↑↑ T P1/T1= P2/T2
The combined gas law uses 𝑃𝑉 P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2
= constant
𝑇
Avogadro’s Law 𝑉 1 mole = NA molecules
V = n x 22.4
= constant NA = 6.023 x 1023
𝑛
(Avogadro number)
n: mole
Ideal Gas Law universal gas constant Conditions:
𝑳∙𝒂𝒕𝒎 Low P + High T
PV = nRT
R = 0.0821
𝒎𝒐𝒍∙𝑲
Dalton’s Law PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 +.....PN
(Partial Pressures) N: number of gases in a container
Graham’s Law Molar mass: mass of 1 molecule 1
(Effusion Rate)
Rate ~
M = m/n 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠

Henry’s Law Sgas : mol / L

(Solubility) Sgas = kH x Pgas
Pgas in atm
 Problems

P ↑ => V ↓ => A
KHÔNG NHÂN CHÉO CHIA NGANG!!!
T constant => P1V1 =P2V2
 NHỚ ĐỔI ĐƠN VỊ độ C sang K!!!
K không có dấu độ !!! Vd: 25 K
V1/T1= V2/T2
V2= 22L

Chú ý R = 8.31 (J⋅mol−1⋅K−1)

= 0.082 (L atm K−1 mol−1)
Quy về đơn vị chuẩn để cho mà chọn
R, bài này đổi mmHg ra atm và sử
dụng R = 0.082 (dễ) Nếu đổi mm Hg ra
Pascal, R = 8.31
 N = 94 mol
 V2= 1523100.8 = 1.5 x 106 (L)
Partial Pressure law: P total = P helium + P oxygen

NHỚ ĐỔI ĐƠN VỊ PLEASEEEE

Effusion rate law

 Lecture 9: SOLUTION

- Solute: chất tan

NaCl - Solvent : Dung môi, là dung dịch không tác dụng với solute,thường là H2O

H2O
Problem: Solubility of NaCl in water is 4g/L. Given that 100mg H2O.
How many max grams of NaCl that could possibly dissolve in that
solvent?
Answer: mNaCl = 0.4g
Henry’s law

Sgas = Concentration ( CM = n /V)

 Concentrations
MolaRity (M) 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑳) 𝑜𝑓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
MolaLity (m) 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝒌𝒈)𝑜𝑓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕
Mass percent 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝒌𝒈) 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
x 100
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝒌𝒈)𝑜𝑓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Volume percent 𝑣𝑜lume 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
x 100
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Mole fraction X of solute 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒(or solvent)
(or solvent) x 100
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆+𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕

Mole percent mol % Mole fraction X x 100

Solution = Solute + Solvent

 Colligative Properties of NONvolatile
NONelectrolyte Solution

Vapor pressure Xsolute + Xsolvent = 100% Solution

Lowering <
Pure solvent

Boiling point >

Elevation

Freezing Point <

Depression
Osmotic Pressure R: ideal gas constant
M: molarity
R= 0.082 atm . L . Mol-1K-1
576
= Mass of 1 mole
=g/mol
Check đơn vị!!
Rate Law

Đề sẽ cho hoặc
mình sẽ đi tìm

Unit: M-2 . S-1

Reaction Order
 Types of reaction

Combination (kết hợp) A + B -> P

Decomposition ( phân hủy) A -> P1 + P2
(Single/Double) displacement A + XB -> AX + B
(thế)
Combustion (cháy) A + B -> CO2+H2O
 Example

1 Reactant: A -> Product 2 Reactants: A + B -> Product

[A] (M) Initial rate (M/s) [NO2](M) [CO] (M) Initial rate (M/s)

0.1 0.015 0.1 0.1 0.0021

0.2 0.03 0.2 0.1 0.0082
0.4 0.06 0.2 0.2 0.0083
0.4 0.1 0.0033
Determine reaction rate order and
rate constant
 Graph
Concentration – Time Rate - Concentration
 0
2.5
2 2 2
2
Rate

1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Concentration
2nd 1st
Rate
Rate

Concentration

Concentration
Example
The average rate of reation
Initial rate and Instantaneous Rate
= -(0.055-0.04)/(450-300)
Rate of change
Half-life, t1/2
Arrhenius equation

• Increase temperature -> increase k -> increase reaction rate

• Lower the activation energy, faster the reaction rate.
Lower the activation energy,
faster the reaction rate.
R = 8.31 J/mol-K
Reaction Mechanisms
• An elementary reaction
• Net chemical equation = final equation
• A reaction intermediate : cannot observe at final product

C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

But inside the reation:
C6H12O6 + O2 -> CH3COOH -> intermediate
CH3COOH + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
• Rate-determining step is the slowest step
https://www.slideshare.net/jhamze/ap-chemistry-
chapter-13-sample-exercises

http://www.chemmybear.com/groves/apchem.ht
ml
THANKYOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ♥