1.

The following data give information on the ages (in years) and the numbers of breakdowns
during the last month for sample of seven machines at a large company.

Age (years) 12 7 2 8 13 9 4
Number of
10 5 1 4 12 7 2
breakdowns

a. Taking age as independent variable and number of breakdowns as dependent variable,

what is your hypothesis about the sign of B in the regression line ? (in the words, do you
expect B to be positive or negative ?)
b. Find the least squares regression line. In the sign of B the same as you hypothesized for B
in part a ?
c. Give a brief interpretation of the values of a and b calculated in part b
d. Compute r and r2 and explain what they mean.
e. Compute the standard deviation of errors
f. Construct 99% confidence interval for B
g. Test at a 2,5% significance levels, can you conclude that p is positive ? is your conclusion
is the same as in part g ?
2. The health department of a large city has developed an air pollution index that measures the
level of several air pollutans that cause respiratory distress in human. The accompany table
gives the pollution index (on a scale 1 -10, with 10 being the worst) for 7 randomly summer
days and the number of patients with acute respiratory problems admitted to the emergency
rooms of the city’s hospitals.
Air
pollution 4,5 6,7 8,2 5,0 4,6 6,1 3,0
index
Emergency
53 82 102 60 39 42 27
admission

a. Taking the air pollution index as an independent variable and the number of emergency
admission as dependent variable, do you expect B to be positive or negative in the
regression model y = A+Bx + 𝜖
b. Find the least squares regression line. Is the sign of b the same as you hypothized for B in
part a
c. Compute r and r2 and explain what they mean
d. Compute the standard deviation of errors
e. Construct 90% confidence interval for B
f. Test at a 5% significance levels whether B is positive
g. Test at a 5% significance levels whether 𝜌 is positive. Is your conclution is the same as in
part f ?
3. The management of a supermarket wants to find if there is a relationship between the number
of times a specific product is promoted on the intercom system in the store and the number of
units of that’s products sold. To experiment, the management selected a product and promoted
it on the intercom system for 7 days. The following table gives the number of times this
product was promoted each day and the number of unit sold.

Number of units sold per day

Number of promotion per day
(hundreds)
15 11
22 22
42 30
30 26
18 17
12 15
38 23

a. With the number of promotions as an independent variable amd the number of units
sold as a dependent variable, what do you expect the sign of B in the regression line y
= A + Bx + e will be ?
b. Find the least squares regression line y = a + bx. Is the sign of b the same as you
hypothesized for B in part a ?
c. Give a brief interpretation of the values of A and B calculated in part b ?
d. Compute r and r2 and explain what they mean.
e. Predict the number of units of this product sold on a day with 35 promotions
f. Compute the standard deviation of errors
g. Construct a 98% confidence interval for B
h. Testing at 1% significance level, can you conclude that B is positive ?
i. Using 𝛼 = .02, can you conclude that the correlation coefficient is different from zero
?

1.The following data give information on the ages (in years) and the numbers of
breakdowns during the last month for sample of seven machines at a large company.

Age (years) 12 7 2 8 13 9 4
Number of 10 5 1 4 12 7 2
breakdowns

a. Taking age as independent variable and number of breakdowns as dependent

variable, what is your hypothesis about the sign of B in the regression line ? (in the
words, do you expect B to be positive or negative ?)
Jawab :

Usia : Variabel Independen

Jumlah Kerusakan : Variabel Dependen

Ha : Ada pengaruh antara variable independen terhadap variable dependen

H0 : Tidak ada pengaruh antara variable independen terhadap variable dependen.

Hipotesis mengenai B bernilai positif dan negative adalah Positif. Karena terdapat
hubungan antara variable x dan variable y. Semakin meningkat usia mesin, semakin
tinggi jumlah kerusakan. Hubungan yang dberikan adalah linear.

b. Find the least squares regression line. In the sign of B the same as you hypothesized
for B in part a ?
Jawab :

Coefficientsa
 Standardized 95.0% Confidence
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
Upper
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Lower Bound Bound
1 (Constant) -1.917 .975 -1.966 .106 -4.424 .589

VAR00001 .989 .112 .969 8.805 .000 .701 1.278

a. Dependent Variable: VAR00002

Tanda B sesuai hipotesis a. Tanda yang dimiliki B menurut table di atas adalah positif.

c. Give a brief interpretation of the values of A and B calculated in part b ?

Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Standar
dized
Unstandardized Coeffici 99.0% Confidence
Coefficients ents Interval for B
Std. Lower Upper
Model B Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Const -1.917 .975 - .106 -5.849 2.014
ant) 1.96
6
X .989 .112 .969 8.80 .000 .536 1.443
5
a. Dependent Variable: Y

Berdasarkan table di atas didapatkan nilai konstanta dan nilai koefisien regresi dari
predictor sehingga nilai variable dependen dapat ditemukan.
a : -1,917
b : 0,098

Y = a + bX
Y = -1,917 + 0,989X

d. Compute r and r2 and explain what they mean.

 Jawab :

Model Summaryb
Std. Error Change Statistics
Mod R Adjusted of the R Square F Sig. F
el R Square R Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change
1 .969a .939 .927 1.09448 .939 77.526 1 5 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), X
b. Dependent Variable: Y

Dari table di atas, menjelaskan besarnya nilai hubungan (R) adalah 0,969
dan dijelaskan besarnya presentase pengaruh variable independen terhadap
variable dependen yang disebut koefisien determinasi. Dari data di atas,
koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,939. Yang membuktikan bahwa
pengaruh variable independen terhadap variable dependen adalah sebesar
93,9%. Dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variable lain.

e. Compute the standard deviation of errors

Jawab :

Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Y 5.8571 4.05909 7
X 7.8571 3.97612 7

SE = SD/√𝑁
= 4,05/√7
= 4.05/2,64
= 1,52
Jadi, Standar deviasi kesalahan dari data tersebut sebesar 1,52.

f. Construct 99% confidence interval for B.

Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Standardi
zed
Unstandardized Coefficie 99.0% Confidence
Coefficients nts Interval for B
Std. Lower Upper
Model B Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Consta -1.917 .975 -1.966 .106 -5.849 2.014
nt)
X .989 .112 .969 8.805 .000 .536 1.443
a. Dependent Variable: Y
 Pada table koefisien, pada kolom B pada constant (a) adalah -1,917,
sedangkan nilai kepercayaan (b) adalah 8,805. Dengan batas bawah sebesar
0,536 dan batas atas 1,443.

g. Test at a 2,5% significance levels, can you conclude that p is positive ? is your
conclusion is the same as in part g ?
Jawab :

Jika menggunakan 2,5% atau 0,025 sebagai tingkat signifikansinya. Dengan nilai
signifikansi yang didapat dari data di atas sebesar 0,106. Maka kesimpulan yang
didapatkan adalah Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Karena 0,106 > 0,025. Dan P tetap
bernilai negative.

2. The health department of a large city has developed an air pollution index that measures
the level of several air pollutans that cause respiratory distress in human. The accompany
table gives the pollution index (on a scale 1 -10, with 10 being the worst) for 7 randomly
summer days and the number of patients with acute respiratory problems admitted to the
emergency rooms of the city’s hospitals.

Air
pollution 4,5 6,7 8,2 5,0 4,6 6,1 3,0
index
Emergency
53 82 102 60 39 42 27
admission

a. Taking the air pollution index as an independent variable and the number of emergency
admission as dependent variable, do you expect B to be positive or negative in the
regression model y = A+Bx + c
Jawab :
Indeks Polusi Udara = Variabel Independen
Jumlah Korban ke RS = Variabel Dependen

Ho : Tidak ada hubungan antara variabel X (Indeks Polusi) terhadap variabel Y (Jumlah
Korban)

Ha : Ada hubungan antara variabel X (Indeks Polusi) terhadap variabel Y (Jumlah Korban)

Saya mengharapkan tanda nilai B pada garis regresi adalah positif karena menurut saya ada
hubungan antara indeks polusi udara yang dimuncu dengan jumlah korban yang dilarikan ke
rumah sakit karena berdasarkan tabel datanya jumlah korban semakin meningkat seiring dengan
indeks polusi udara dengan nilai yang semakin tinggi
b. Find the least squares regression line. Is the sign of B the same as you hypothized for B in
part a
Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients
Model Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) -16.233 18.226 -.891 .414
Air 13.612 3.217 .884 4.232 .008
a. Dependent Variable: emergency

Dari tabel tersebut diketahui bahwa nilai B adalah -16,233 karena nilai signifikansi 0,414 > 0.05
maka dapat dikatakan bahwa variabel bebas memilki hubungan yang bersifat negatif terhadap
variabel terikat. Dan tanda yang saya hipotesiskan pada nilai B tidak sesuai setelah dihitung
menggunakan SPSS.

c. Compute r and r2 and explain what they mean !

Jawab :

Model Summaryb
Adjusted R Std. Error of the
Model R R Square Square Estimate
1 .884a .782 .738 13.409
a. Predictors: (Constant), air
b. Dependent Variable: emergency

Dari tabel Model Summary besarnya nilai R yaitu 0,884 menunjukkan tingkat hubungan yang
cukup kuat dari 2 variabel. Kemudian, nilai adjusted R2 adalah 0,738. Hal ini berarti 37,8%
variasi variabel dependen (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi dari variabel independen sedangkan
sisanya dijelaskan oleh sebab-sebab lain di luar model.

d. Compute the standard deviation of errors

Jawab :

Statistics
air Emergency
 N Valid 7 7
Missing 0 0
Std. Error of Mean .6432 9.903

Std. Deviation 1.7018 26.201

Skewness .337 .777

Std. Error of Skewness .794 .794

Kurtosis .020 -.217

Std. Error of Kurtosis 1.587 1.587

e. Construct 90% confidence interval for B

Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized 90.0% Confidence
Coefficients Coefficients Interval for B
Model t Sig.
Lower Upper
B Std. Error Beta
Bound Bound
(Constant) -16.233 18.226 -.891 .414 -52.959 20.494
1
air 13.612 3.217 .884 4.232 .008 7.131 20.094
a. Dependent Variable: emergency

Berdasarkan tabel tersebut didapatkan nilai batas bawah dan atas dari interval tingkat
kepercayaan 90% untuk B yaitu batas -52,959 dan batas atas 20,494.

f. Test at a 5% significance levels whether B is positive

Jawab :
Setelah dites dengan level signifikansi 5% atau 0,005 nilai Constant B tetap bernilai negatif dan
tingkat signifikansi bernilai 0,414 > 0.025 yang berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak.
g. Test at a 5% significance levels whether 𝒑 is positive. Is your conclusion is the same as in
part f ?
Jawab :

Correlations
air emergency
air Pearson Correlation 1 .884**
Sig. (1-tailed) .004
N 7 7
emergency Pearson Correlation .884** 1
Sig. (1-tailed) .004
N 7 7
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed).

Berdasarkan tabel tersebut nilai signifikansi (p) pada level 5% ada hubungan signifikan yang
bernilai positif dengan r = 5 dengan nilai korelasi p yang bernilai positif dengan nilai 0,884 dan
bernilai signifikan karena nilai p yaitu 0,004 < 0.05. maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesimpulan
saya di bagian f benar Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima bahwa ada hubungan antara Ada hubungan
antara indeks polusi terhadap jumlah korban

3. The management of a supermarket wants to find if there is a relationship between the

number of times a specific product is promoted on the intercom system in the store and the
number of units of that’s products sold. To experiment, the management selected a product
and promoted it on the intercom system for 7 days. The following table gives the number of
times this product was promoted each day and the number of unit sold.

Number of units sold per day

Number of promotion per day
(hundreds)
15 11
22 22
 42 30
30 26
18 17
12 15
38 23

a. With the number of promotions as an independent variable amd the number of

units sold as a dependent variable, what do you expect the sign of B in the
regression line y = A + Bx + e will be ?
Jawab :

H0 : Ada pengaruh antara variable independen terhadap variable dependen

Ha : Tidak ada pengaruh antara variable independen terhadap variable dependen.

Hipotesis, tanda B akan bernilai positif. Ada hubungan antara variable X dan Ydan
bersifat linear. Semakin tinggi jumlah promosi perhari, maka jumlah unit yang terjual
semakin banyak.

b. Find the least squares regression line y = a + bx. Is the sign of b the same as you
hypothesized for B in part a ?
Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Standardi
zed
Unstandardized Coefficien 99.0% Confidence
Coefficients ts Interval for B
Std. Lower Upper
Model B Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Consta 7.830 3.238 2.418 .060 -5.226 20.886
nt)
X .504 .118 .886 4.276 .008 .029 .979
a. Dependent Variable: Y

Hipotesis yang ada pada bagian a sesuai jika dilihat dari data di atas. B adalah positif dengan
nilai 0,504.
 c. Give a brief interpretation of the values of A and B calculated in part b
Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Standardi
zed
Unstandardized Coefficien 99.0% Confidence
Coefficients ts Interval for B
Std. Lower Upper
Model B Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Consta 7.830 3.238 2.418 .060 -5.226 20.886
nt)
X .504 .118 .886 4.276 .008 .029 .979

Berdasarkan table di atas didapatkan nilai konstanta dan nilai koefisien regresi dari
predictor sehingga nilai variable dependen dapat ditemukan :
a : 7,830
b : 0,504

Y = a + bX + e
Y = 7,830 + 0,504X + e

d. Compute r and r2 and explain what they mean.

Jawab :

Model Summaryb
 Std. Error Change Statistics
Mod R Adjusted of the R Square F Sig. F
el R Square R Square Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Change
1 .886a .785 .742 3.35267 .785 18.283 1 5 .008
a. Predictors: (Constant), X
b. Dependent Variable: Y

Dari table di atas, menjelaskan besarnya nilai hubungan (R) adalah 0,886 dan dijelaskan
besarnya presentase pengaruh variable independen terhadap variable dependen yang disebut
koefisien determinasi. Dari data di atas, koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,785. Yang
membuktikan bahwa pengaruh variable independen terhadap variable dependen adalah sebesar
78,5%. Dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variable lain.

e. Predict the number of units of this product sold on a day with 35 promotions
Jawab :

Dik. X = 35 Y =…?
a = 7,830
b = 0,504
e = 1.325
peny.

Y = a + bX +e
Y = 7,830 + 0,504(35) + 1,325
Y = 7,830 + 17,64 + 1,325
Y = 26,79 = 27

Jadi, jumlah produk yang terjual dengan jumlah promosi 35 adalah 27.

f. Compute the standard deviation of errors

Jawab :

SE = SD/√7 = 6,604/√7 = 2,5

Jadi, standar deviasi errornya adalah 2,5
 g. Construct a 98% confidence interval for B
Jawab :

Coefficientsa
Standardiz
ed
Unstandardized Coefficient 98.0% Confidence
Coefficients s Interval for B
Lower Upper
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Bound Bound
1 (Constan 7.830 3.238 2.418 .060 -3.065 18.726
t)
X .504 .118 .886 4.276 .008 .107 .900
a. Dependent Variable: Y
Pada table koefisien, pada kolom B pada constant (a) adalah 7,830,
sedangkan nilai kepercayaan (b) adalah 4,276. Dengan batas bawah sebesar
0,107 dan batas atas 9.00

h. Testing at 1% significance level, can you conclude that B is

positive ?
Jawab :

Jika menggunakan 1% atau 0,02 sebagai tingkat signifikansinya.

Dengan nilai signifikansi yang didapat dari data di atas sebesar 0,60.
Maka kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah Ha diterima dan H0
ditolak. Karena 0,60 > 0,025. Dan B tetap bernilai Positif.

i. Using 𝜶 = .02, can you conclude that the correlation

coefficient is different from zero ?
Jawab :
Dengan nilai 0,2 maka korelasi yang dihasilkan berbeda dari 0.
0 : tidak ada korelasi antara 2 variabel
0 – 0,25 : korelasi sangat lemah.
Jadi dengan nilai 0,2 korelasi yang dihasilkan ada namun sangat
lemah.