DENGUE FEVER PREDICTION USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUE
Abstract:
Data mining has ability to extract
useful knowledge that is hidden in huge
data. Health care system is potential area
to apply and take the advantage of data
mining. Dengue fever is a disease caused
by a family of viruses transmitted by
mosquitoes. To detect the dengue fever at
the beginning by using the most important
medical symptoms and laboratory data
helps to predict the dengue fever in early
stages. This process consists of three
important steps: to find manual missing
value imputation method is applied that
makes the data consistent; to select most
significant attributes for dengue fever;
under the classification technique, dengue
fever is used to calculate and to associate
their performance. From the UCI
repository all the dataset were collected
and for that different classification
techniques are performed. There are
Decision tree, Random tree, J48 and SMO.
WEKA is used as a tool in data mining for
classification of data. In the conclusion we
propose a new technique to predict the
dengue fever in the early stages by
applying data mining technique on the
medical data bases.
Keywords: Dengue fever (DF), Decision
tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM),
Waikato Environment for Knowledge
Analysis (WEKA).
I. INTRODUCTION:
Dengue fever is a disease caused by
dengue virus and is also known as break bone
fever is transmitted by Aedes mosquito.
Infection of dengue is divided into four part
DHF I, DHF II, DHF II, DHF IV. It causes
life threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever
whose symptoms include bleeding, low
levels of blood platelets, low blood pressure,
and metallic taste in mouth, headache,
muscle joint pain and rashes [1]. Dengue
fever occurs in form of cycles and this cycle
is present inside the body of an infected
person for two week or less than two week. It
causes abdominal pain, haemorrhage
(bleeding), and circulatory collapse and
Dengue hemorrhagic fever. The following is
the cycle mechanism by which dengue is
transmitted: Aedes mosquito carries a virus
in its saliva, when it bites a healthy person,
that virus enters the person’s body and gets
mixed with the person’s body fluids.
The moment white blood vessels gets
mixed with the single stranded RNA dengue
virus, it starts reproducing inside the white
blood cells and thus initiates the dengue virus
cycle. In case of severe infection, the
duration of virus cycle is prolonged and
thereby affects liver and bone marrow
leading to less blood circulation in blood
vessels, and the blood pressure becomes so
low that it cannot supply sufficient blood to
all the organs of the body. The bone marrow
also does not function properly due to this
infection leading to reduced number of
platelets and increased risk of bleeding,
which are necessary for effective blood
clotting [2]. Weka tool is mainly used in
research area for solving data mining
problems. Weka stands for Waikato
Environment for Knowledge Analysis
developed at the University of Waikato in
New Zealand and was implemented in 1997.
Weka is open source software and written in
java language. Weka can be used in many
different levels. Weka contains modules for
data classification and accuracy to predict
diseases. Weka has been used in
bioinformatics for diagnoses and analysis of
dengue disease datasets [3].
II. FEATURE SELECTION
METHOD
The most important and frequently used
technique in data mining is feature selection
which is used to data pre-processing. Feature
selection has been applied to a lot of areas
namely face recognition, text categorization,
finance and customer relationship
management and cancer classification. In the
feature selection technique the data includes
many unnecessary features. Redundant
features provide more information rather than
selected features, and irrelevant features
provide no useful information in any
situation. Feature selection process is used
for choosing a subset of features from a huge
set of features to reduce the extensity of
feature space for a strong classification task.
Selecting a subset of relevant features is the
process of feature selection. The algorithm
feature selection is the combination of a
search method used for generating new
feature subsets, including an estimating
measure which scores the different feature
subsets. It states that one should aim for the
models with the smallest possible number of
parameters that adequately represent the
existing data. For example, Einstein is quoted
as saying that “everything should be as
simple as it can be, but not simpler.”
III. DECISION TREE
Decision tree which is known as the most
powerful and a widespread tool used for
prediction and classification. A Decision tree
is a flowchart like tree structure, where each
internal node denotes a test on an attribute,
each branch represents an outcome of the
test, and each leaf node (terminal node) holds
a class label. In this method they said Dengue
infection is a disease typically found in hot
and sticky region. The doctors need to
understand the features on dengue infection
in order to correctly categorize the patients,
since these patients require different
treatment. The datasets consists of more than
400 attributes. They used decision tree as a
data mining tool. They propose a set of
meaningful attributes from the temporal data.
Their experiments are divided into four parts.
In all four experiments they use decision
trees. To make sure that the test data was a
real unseen data following each set of
information is tested by different dataset. The
third experimental results show the useful
knowledge when they integrated two
datasets. Another objective of this research is
to detect the day of effervescence of fever
which is called day0. The day0 date is the
critical date of dengue patients that some
patients face the fatal condition. Therefore
the physicians need to predict day0 in order
to treat the patients. They expect to have an
intelligent system that can trigger the day0
date of each patient. They set up four
experiments. In the first three experiments,
they find knowledge in order to classify type
of dengue infection.
For forth experiment, they tried to predict
the day of effervescence with the data before
day0 date. They applied decision tree
approach to all experiments. Note that they
use sensitivity, specificity and accuracy as
performance measures. Their approximate
accuracy of all four experiments using
decision tree is around 96.5%.
IV. FEATURE REDUCTION BY SVM
A mapping of a multi-dimensional space
is applied into a lower dimension space
which is done feature reduction. Feature
extraction includes features construction,
space dimensionality reduction, sparse
representations, and feature selection all
these techniques are commonly used as pre-
processing to machine learning and statistics
tasks of prediction, including pattern
recognition. Although for many years all
such issues were tackled by researchers,
recently there has been a renewed concern in
feature extraction. The feature space having
compact features actually contributes to
classification that cuts down the pre-
processing overheads and minimizes the
effects of the “peaking phenomenon‟ in
classification. Thereby improving the overall
performance of classifier based intrusion
detection systems. Classification techniques
are effective tool in order to classify the
cancer data and measuring the accuracy. The
effective classification tool is Support Vector
Machine (SVM). In the proposed method,
cancer datasets are processed more
effectively using feature selection and
classification. The feature selection method is
based on Ant Colony Optimization and the
classification method is Support Vector
Machine (SVM). The ACO algorithm is
implemented using Java Net Beans IDE
8.0.1. The SVM classification is done using
Weka 3.6.
A. Existing System
1) In the existing methods for missing
values they used automated data
mining missing value imputation
techniques in all the methods
explained above. These techniques
may fill approximate or wrong values
in many cases. This will affect the
final results.
2) In the existing methods for feature
selection they used algorithms. This
technique also may choose less
important attributes. So this makes
the processing time increase.
B. Proposed System
We propose a new expert system for
predicting dengue fever. Our methodology
consists of three major steps.
1) A manual missing value imputation
method is used. This reduces the false
value entry. So that our results will
improve marginally.
2) For selecting the most influential
attributes that predict the dengue
fever we took expert doctors opinion
and internet survey. This process
reduces collecting unnecessary
attributes during data collection. This
helps in accurate prediction of dengue
fever.
3) After pre-processing the data we use
decision tree for predicting dengue
fever. This will be implemented by
using Java Net Beans and to analyse
accuracy using SVM classification.
So as we are expected this method
gave accurate results as explained in
the implementation section.
 V. PREDICTION OF AN Machines (SVM) have greater accuracy in
ARBOVIRUS – DENGUE diagnosis with the increasing conformation.
DISEASE As shown in the experiment results,
Dengue infection is an epidemic support vector machine has the highest
disease typically found in tropical region. classification precision most of the time.
Symptoms of this disease shows a rapid and However support vector machine is very
violent nature in patient’s behaviour in a time consuming because of more
short time. The World Health Organization parameters, demands more computation
(WHO) classifies the dengue infection as time. Following chart describes results for
Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue this comparative analysis.
Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Symptoms of
DHF are divided into 4 types. The problem
1.2
might be happen when an expert
1
misdiagnoses dengue infection. For
0.8
Example, an expert diagnosed a patient as 0.6

non-dengue or DF even if a patient was a 0.4

0.2
DHF patient. That might be the cause of
0
dead if patient did not receive treatment. Sensitivity Specificity Accuracy Risk Rate
Therefore, we selected data mining approach
SVM method Decision tree
to solve this problem.
Different classification techniques are used Fig -1: Performance of SVM and Decision
to properly classify the dataset. These Tree Algorithm
techniques are REP Tree, Random tree,
SVM, Decision Tree Approach, and Spatial
Data Analysis as well.
[2] Represents Data Mining of Dengue
In this survey study, [1] With the Infection Using Decision Tree in which
Representation of Comparative Analysis in each dataset consists of more than 400
Machine Learning Techniques for attributes. To accomplish the knowledge
classification of Arbovirus – Research discovery task, we consider employing
analysis have stated that the Support Vector decision tree as a data mining tool. We
propose a set of meaningful attributes from
the temporal data. Our experiments are
divided into 4 parts. The first two
experimental results show the
knowledge to classify dengue infection
from 2 different datasets respectively.
Another objective of this research is to
detect the day of effervescence of fever
which is called day0. At the end we
obtained very low accuracy in day-4 as we
found that the tree is over fit. The
experimental results shown that the decision
tree approach did not suit this task thus we
think we should to select
classification approach in the future works.
[3] To determine the infected cases
caused by Dengue fever in Jhelum
district and the surrounding
geographically is represented
classification technique. So, we can
compare performance of
classification techniques. Objective of this
study also includes the comparison of
different classification algorithms with the
help of graphs, based on our dataset. We
have implemented all the techniques by
using weka tool and all the procedure of
implementation is within it. At the end,
after analysis of our dataset with each
technique we are paralleling them in the
conclusion. When we have done the
comparison among all of them we
concluded that SVM technique is greatest
among all others.
useful
VI. CONCLUSION
The infection rates of Aedes Aegypti
mosquitoes increase morbidity rate hence the
decision tree is generated with the Aegypti
rate as the root node and prevent further
occurrences. The prediction of dengue
infection carried out using Weka data mining
tool and data mining techniques such as
Decision tree and Support Vector Machine.
a new Thus the model helps to predict the dengue
cases earlier and reduce mortality rate.
Firstly, there exists a wide class of
areas algorithms and techniques for information
by extraction and knowledge discovery in
medical science. Best results are achieved
different by balancing knowledge of experts for
describing the problem and goals with
search capabilities. Hospitals must also
want to minimize cost of clinical test. It
can be achieved by employing appropriate
computer based information and decision
sport system. Here, data mining plays an
important role to give many results faster
and accurate by using various algorithms.
By analysing the different techniques in
mentioned researches we can say that more
accurate method for medical science is
SVM classification methods is more useful
in medical science and disease prediction.
But, we can combine different methods to
get accurate knowledge discovery.
Previously studies are along with
comparative analysis only.
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