Nephron Schematic

blo
od
e
Blood Flow phrin Find an error?
o r e pine etic) email dkm2112@columbia.edu
N pat h
(Sym iotensin
K Na Ang II
Afferent Arteriole
Glucose
Amino
Acids ATP ANP
Phosphate, ~ 3% of NA

in
gland
Lactate, or +r

Prosta ine
ea

m
citrate bs

a
or
Gl

p
b

& Do
uc
Na

ed
Am

os

rent Arteriole

-F
85% of reabsorbed HCO3- (if CO2 from tubule)

e
in

t.

ine
Late Distal
o

secre
Ac
Na
Ph cta e,

Tubule &

Tun
id

JGA
la trat
os te,

Renin
Collecting Duct

in
ci

ph or

Na ,

• A-Intercalated &

g Site
at
e

Principal Cells

Effe
• H2O imp. w/o ADH
Early Proximal • H2O permeable
Tubule with ADH
•Isosm. abs. Na
be

d
Early Distal
or
H
+

67 b s Tubule
+

rea etics k A-Intercalated

HC

• load-depend.
%

A + r c +
H of N diu blo • H20 imp. • Reabsorb K
O3

of
-

5% d e • Dilutes
Na + a

i • H excretion
HCO -3 + H + ~ iaz • NaCl abs.
Th Aldost. stim’d
Na+
H 2 CO 3

• H 2 PO 4- excret.
nd K+ reabsorbed

Cl - • NH 4+ excret.
New HCO3- (if NH4+ excreted)

ic)

H 2CO 3 Cl -
Furosemide (loop diuret
c.a. IV (blocked by ace

K+

(HPO4 or )
carbonic
anhydrase II AT
P K Na+
CO 2 + H2 O

2-
CO 2+ H2 O
Na ATP
K+
reabsorbed (if not blocked)

NH3 + H+
blocks

HCO-3 + H+ H+
tazolamide)

Late Proximal Tubule ATP

Na + K+
• Isosm. absorption New H2CO 3
-
Na+ 2 Cl HCO-3 c.a.
H+
K + absorbed ATP
Na + CO2 + H2O
H

(excreted)
K

NH +4
ATP Principal Cell
K Cl - ATP
• Secrete K +
Na
Formate-

(or H2 PO4 )
Cl- • Add aquaporin2
25% of Na+ and 20% of K+

+
Na, K+ ADH R
-

-
Cl H2O
Cl - Gs
ATP H2O
Thick
K+ AC
(inhibit aldost. effect)
K -sparing diuretics ANP also blocks
Ascending
Limb cAMP
Angiotensin II Stimulated
• load-depend.
PKA
Aldosterone Stimulated • H2O imp.
• Dilutes phosphoryl’n
ADH (vasopressin) Stimulated
ANP Stimulated Na+
Na
Sympathetic (Norepi.) Stimulated ATP
K+
Thin Ascending Limb K
• H2O impermeable
Vasodilator
Vasoconstrictor Aldosterone increases # of:
Major effect 1. Na+ channels
Minor effect 2. Na+-K +-ATPase pumps
• insignificant, unless lots o’ stim. 3. K + channels