Fig 1. Shows the oscilloscope measurements from the power supply simulator.

A power of
120 V alternating current is supplied to an amplifying transformer with the ratio of 1:5. The
reading of the of the oscilloscope is given at point TP1. After that, the current is rectified with
a Full-wave rectifier. By analysing the oscilloscope reading at point TP2, and TP3 suggest or
choose a better rectifier for the power supply. The Diodes give a reading of 1.3V diode drop.

Firstly, analyse TP2 gives the output voltage, V(out) magnitude of the rectified full-wave
reading for both circuits. Indicate the oscilloscope reading for both circuits. Next, solve the
PIV for both circuits when D1 is forward-biased.

Given the capacity of the capacitor is 1000μF and the frequency of the rectified voltage is 60Hz
as indicated in the schematic, estimate the peak to peal ripple voltage, Vrpp and the
approximate dc value of the output voltage, VDC shown in Step3 point TP3 to calculate the
ripple factor r. The resistance load, R(L) is 220Ω.
Solution:
Next The Diodes give a reading of 1.3V of diode drop. This means the barrier
potential for each diode is 1.3V.
The primary voltage, Vpri = 120V.
It is not a RMS type voltage so there is no need to multiply the signal with Root of
square 2 which is 1.4121.
The transformer amplified the source voltage 1:5. So the secondary voltage signal,
Vsec is given as:
Vsec = n Vpri = 5 (120V) = 600V
“n” is the amplifier constant.
 For the Center-taped rectifier, the output voltage is:

Vout = Vsec/2 -(diode drop) = 300V – (1.3) = 298.7 V

So, the signal should have a sinusoidal wave with magnitude of: +298.7V -298.7V
+298.7V

-298.7V
For the full-bridge rectifier, the output voltage is:

Vout = Vsec -2 (diode drop) = 600V – 2(1.3) = 597.4 V

So the signal should have a sinusoidal wave with magnitude of: +597.4V -597.4
The Peak Inverse Voltage of the Center Taped rectifier is

PIV = 2Vout + diode drop = 597.4V +1.3V= 598.7V

The Peak Inverse Voltage for full bridge rectifier is
PIV = Vout + diode drop = 597.4V+1.3= 598.7V
They are the same.

To calculate the ripple factor, r=𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝/𝑉𝐷𝐶,

first calculate the peak to peak voltage,
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/𝑓𝑅𝐿𝐶)𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/(60𝐻𝑧×220Ω×1000𝜇𝐹))298.7𝑉
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/(60𝐻𝑧×220Ω×1000×10^-6𝐹))298.7𝑉
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/13.2)298.7𝑉
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=22.63𝑉
Then, solve VDC;
𝑉𝐷𝐶=(1−(1/(2𝑓𝑅𝐿𝐶)))𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡=(1−(1/(2×13.2)))298.7𝑉=287.36𝑉
Therefore, r=𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝/𝑉𝐷𝐶=22.63𝑉/287.36𝑉= 0.078751
 Bridge rectifier
To calculate the ripple factor, r=𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝/𝑉𝐷𝐶,
first calculate the peak to peak voltage,
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/𝑓𝑅𝐿𝐶)𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/(60𝐻𝑧×220Ω×1000𝜇𝐹))597.4𝑉
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/(60𝐻𝑧×220Ω×1000×10^-6𝐹))597.4𝑉
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=(1/13.2)597.4𝑉
𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝=45.26𝑉
Then, solve VDC;
𝑉𝐷𝐶=(1−(1/(2𝑓𝑅𝐿𝐶)))𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡=(1−(1/(2×13.2)))297.4𝑉=574.77𝑉
Therefore, r=𝑉𝑟𝑝𝑝/𝑉𝐷𝐶=45.26𝑉/574.77𝑉= 0.07874

The suggested rectifier is Circuit (b). It is a Full-bridge rectifier, whereby the

characteristics are, 4 diodes, full-wave voltage signal output has smaller ripple factor.