In all countries, to varying degrees, women's jobs remain inferior in matters of skill,

pay, prestige, and authority. The main vehicle for maintaining this inferiority is the stereotype
of femininity, held widely by members of both sexes- a stereotype in sharp conflict with
women's actual success in the world of work. It is not only the pressure of norms which
weakens women's commitment to work; it is also the inequality and low quality of their job.
Several societal trends, however, are weakening these latter norms: the rise of the women's
movement and concern over population growth.
There is a fundamental difference in female and male work roles and a need for
examination of the nature of these socially accepted sex-bound roles. Although no society is
without a sex-based division of labor, there is an extraordinary variety of sex typing of
occupations across cultures suggesting that the sex typing is not based on unchangeable,
genetic, physiological, or psychological differences between the sexes, but is and has been a
social construct- Industrialization brought a huge expansion of service occupations which,
accompanied by increased education for girls, has created many more work opportunities and
brought to the fore problems concerning "women's two roles." [1]

Women at work are not equally distributed within the economy. While some
differences in sex distribution are understandable, others are due to prejudice and to the
vested interests of the present predomil1ailtly male incumbents in many kinds of jobs. There
is an erroneous impression in some quarters that most, women's jobs are somehow better than
men's: less difficult, more refined, and involving more service to others. However, women in
industry are now performing the most fragmented and stressful Jobs, which require high
levels of accuracy but offer little intrinsic interest. Most women do not compete in an open
labor market; most are shunted into “women’s work” - a matter of inequality and
discrimination, which, until recently, has been both widespread and legal. [2]
New anti-discrimination laws in Western countries have brought some redress, but de
facto discrimination is still rampant. Needed are more real choices for women in and out of
the home: community support services, career ladders, and development of meaningful
rewarding job designs. The women workforce has to face the challenges at work place and
even at home too. [3]
Men’s are no more being the bread winners, but females are contributing too in the household
income. With the changing role of women’s in the Indian society they are not working to be
independent, but the economic demand has enforce them to come up in every sector.

2
Teaching is a profession which requires lots of patience and empathy. Females are considered
to be much more empathetic and caring. [4]
School is the place where females can easily enter into a job and feel friendly. This
profession also requires them to remain updated as they have to enrich the new upcoming
generation. Today the schools are growing drastically and the competition is getting very
tougher. This is continuously pressuring the teachers to perform better and give excellent
results. However with the multitude role at work and family responsibilities, women
workforce are challenged to manage their work and family stress. The hats of taking care of
children, elderly parents and household chores have to be looked by females. Doug, McAvoy,
General Secretary of National Union of Teachers said, 'Excessive teacher workload has stolen
teacher's time and sapped creativity'. Strong sentiments maybe, but a view no doubt shared by
many of today's teaching professionals. [5]
Life satisfaction is among the primary elements that people need to possess so that
they can be happy in their lives and their lives make sense. Life satisfaction is one of the
subjects being in the center of attention of the humankind for centuries. “Life satisfaction
consists of a cognitive component of subjective well-being and the cognitive judgments of
the person related to his/her life [6]. In the positive psychological literature, the idiom of
subjective well-being is generally expressed as happiness [7]. Subjective well-being is
composed of three different components including positive emotions, negative emotions and
life satisfaction. The positive and negative emotions constitute the affective/emotional
dimension of subjective well-being. And life satisfaction constitutes the cognitive/judgmental
dimension of subjective well-being. [8]
The optimization problem of time allocation is constrained by a large number of
individual specific factors such as work schedules, sleep and family duties .In reality in the
case of working woman, society and family put some constraints which have produced its
impact upon her physical and mental health. Working woman faces so many problems
associated with her time allocation while engaging in income earning activities outside. It
includes problems related to health or physical, psychological, social and familial problems
etc. This chapter is divided into two sections: In the first section three main problems faced
by working woman is presented and in the second part time use related to sleep, leisure,
resting and travelling is presented which often have a profound influence upon the time use
of working woman across different occupations.[9]
For the sake of simplicity and easy understanding the main problems are divided into three.
The three problems are:
3
  Health problems
 Family related problems
 Psychological problems

The purpose of our research is to gain a better insight into what encourages young adults, in
particular young women, to enter the teaching profession. [10]
Since happiness is an issue with both individual and social aspects, both psychological and
sociological theories as well as the combination of both theories (socio-psychological) should
be used. [11]
To investigate the happiness issue from psychological point of view, it should be mentioned
that all human beings are interested in surviving instinctively and in order to survive, they
should get their needs met. [12] To this end, to recognize human beings behaviors and states in
the first place, the effective factors on human needs should be recognized. [13]
The Short Form 36 (SF36), a general health status questionnaire designed in the USA, has
been shown to be both valid and acceptable in a normal healthy population and reliable
across diverse patient groups. [14]
The SF-36 and its versions are currently the most widely used health-related quality-of-life
measures in the U.S. [15]
Two versions of the SF-36 are available today: theSF-36v2, which is licensed from Optum,
Inc., and the RAND-36, which is publicly available from the RAND Corporation. [16] The two
versions have been shown to create comparable scale scores. [17] A copy of the RAND-36,
along with spreadsheets for scoring the SF-36 and SF-12 according to the RAND
specifications, is included in the Appendix. [18] The SF-36 forms have been used often in
examining orthopedic patient populations, commonly with reporting of orthogonal PCS and
MCS measures. [19]
TheSF-36 is not applicable among those younger than16 years. [20]

4
Aim and objective

To Evaluate the Quality of Life in female faculty of Teerthanker Mahaveer University.

Statement of question

What is the level of quality of life in female faculty of Teerthanker Mahaveer University?

Hypothesis

Study may show poor to good level of quality of life in female faculty of Teerthanker
Mahaveer University.

Operational definitions

Quality of life (QOL) – QOL is an overarching term for the quality of the various domains
in life. It is a standard level that consists of the expectations of an individual or society for a
good life. These expectations are guided by the values, goals and socio-cultural context in
which an individual lives. It is a subjective, multidimensional concept that defines a standard
level for emotional, physical, material and social well-being. It serves as a reference against
which an individual or society can measure the different domains of one’s own life. The
extent to which one's own life coincides with this desired standard level, put differently, the
degree to which these domains give satisfaction and as such contribute to one's subjective
well-being, is called life satisfaction.

The Short Form (36) Health Survey – SF-36 is a 36-item, patient-reported survey of patient
health. The SF-36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the SF-6D, is
commonly used in health economics as a variable in the quality-adjusted life year calculation
to determine the cost-effectiveness of a health treatment. The original SF-36 came out from
the Medical Outcome Study, MOS, done by the RAND Corporation. Since then a group of
researchers from the original study released a commercial version of SF-36 while the original
SF-36 is available in public domain license free from RAND. A shorter version is the SF-
12.If having only adequate physical and mental health summary scores is of interest, "then
the SF12 may be the instrument of choice"