________________________ EBCS-10

Ethiopian Building Code Standard

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
OF BUILDINGS

Final Draft

Ministry of Urban Development & Construction

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2013

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 FOREWORD
The   Proclamation   to   define   the   powers   and   duties   of   the   Central   and   Regional   Executive   Organs   of   the

Transitional Government of Ethiopia No. 41/1993 empowers the Ministry of Works and Urban Development to

prepare the Country's Building Code, issue Standards for design and construction works, and follow up and

supervise the implementation of same.

In exercise of these powers and in discharge of its responsibility, the Ministry is issuing a series of Building

Code Standards of general application.

The purpose of these standards is to serve as nationally recognized documents, the application of which is

deemed to ensure compliance of buildings with the minimum requirements for design, construction and quality

of materials set down by the National Building Code.

The major benefits to be gained in applying these standards are the harmonization of professional practice and

the   ensuring   of   appropriate   levels   of   safety,   health   and   economy   with   due   consideration   of   the   objective

conditions and needs of the country.

As  these standards  are technical  documents  which,  by their  very nature,  require  periodic  updating,  revised

editions will be issued by the Ministry from time to time as appropriate.

The Ministry welcomes comments and suggestions on all aspect of the Ethiopian Building Code Standards. 

All feedback received will be carefully reviewed by professional experts in the field of building construction

with a view to possible incorporation of amendments in future editions.

Mekuria Haile 
ii
 Minister

Ministry of Construction and

Urban Development
2013

INTRODUCTION
This Code Standard for the Electrical Installation of Buildings, EBCS 10: 2013 Edition, is part of the Building
Code of Ethiopia which is a revision of the earlier EBCS 10: 1995 Edition .

EBCS 10 has been mainly adopted and adapted from IEE Regulations for Electrical Installations (British
origin), Canadian Electrical Code; the German standard (DIN and VDE); and National Fire Protection
Authority/National Electrical Code (NFPA/NEC) of the USA to suit the Ethiopian conditions. Other publications
quoted are shown in the respective sections of the Code and the Ethiopian Standardization Agency maintains
registers of a number of foreign national and international standards.

The Code embraces several aspects of electrical installation work and sets standards and provisions for safe
utilization of electricity.

The Technical Committee for the first edition of the Code Standards for the Electrical Installation of Buildings,
i.e., EBCS-10: 1995, comprised of the then following Institutions representing balanced interest of all segments
of the public concerned with the subject matter:

• Ministry of Works & Urban Development (MWUD),

now Ministry of Construction & Urban Development (MoCUD)
• Building Design Enterprise (BDE)
• Ethiopian Electric Light & Power Authority (EELP A),
now Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO)]
• Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Technology (AAU),
now Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT)
• Ethiopian Authority for Standardization (EAS),

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 now Ethiopian Standards Agency

For the revision process to come up with EBCS-10: 2013 Edition, the Ministry of Construction and Urban
Development (MoCUD) signed a memorandum of understanding with Addis Ababa University in 2012 which
mandated also to involve members from other stakeholders including the industry, private consultants,
contractors and government agencies. Accordingly, the Building Electrical Installation Technical Committee
(BEITC) has been formed from practical as well as theoretically experienced members from Addis Ababa
Institute of Technology (AAiT) of the AAU and a private consultant.
History and Development of the Ethiopian Building Electrical Installation Code
and Standard (now referred to as EBCS-10)
In Ethiopia the practice on building electrical installations introduced, developed and established over a period
extending up to a century since the early 1900s. Up until recently, it appears that electrical installation practices
(i.e. both approved and taken for granted) were practically derived from European practices. Henceforth, the
design rules and contracting or subcontracting practices were implicitly based first on either on earlier versions
of IEC 60 364 standards, or later on and more recently on DIN/VDE 0 100 standards and regulations.

The first nationally governing regulatory document concerning building electrical installation in Ethiopia has
been issued by the then Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority (EELPA) under the theme “Building
Electrical Installation Regulation in 1966. During that time EELPA had been acting not only as a utility
engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electric power but also as a regulator of the
same as well as building electrical installations. This first regulatory document, produced by EELPA, has been
very limited in scope, coverage and application. This limitation initiated a process and paved the way for
producing an entirely new and wide coverage electrical installation code and standard.

By far the more wide issues covering, systematized, and standardized document comparable to international
similar experiences is the Building Electrical Installation Standard and Code of Ethiopia, referred to as EBCS-10
and developed in 1995.

EBCS-10 is an integral part of the Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS) which comprises 11 codes that
address the structural, foundational, earthquake etc aspects of a building. EBCS 10 is concerned about only
issues of electrical installation in a building. The main purpose of EBCS 10 has been for the safe utilization of
electricity in buildings plus embracing several aspects of electrical installation work.

Some time in between, the then EELPA has been transformed in to Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation
(EEPCO) whose activity has been limited to only operational and not regulatory. The regulatory aspect has been
entitled to various government agencies through proclamations.

As to application, because no formal enforcement mechanisms have been in place, only very few professionals
practiced the EBCS-10:1995 Building Electrical Installation Code and Standard while most professionals
adhering to international codes and standards. As a result, it has been difficult to do impact analysis of EBCS-
10:1995 in the quality of Ethiopian building installation practice.
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The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development (MoCUD), observing the safety and reliability problems
in many buildings associated to electrical installations, initiated the EBCS-10:1995 to be revised in 2011 after its
16 years of service. Accordingly EBCS-10: 2013 Edition, a revised version of EBCS10:1995, has been
produced.

Preface to EBCS-10: 2013 Edition

EBCS-10: 1995 and EBCS-10:2013 both are adoptions of codes and standards from Europe, USA and Canada
plus some adaptations to local context. This means that EBCS-10: 2013 Edition is the updated version of EBCS-
10: 1995 which itself has been mainly adopted and adapted ONLY from IEE Regulations (BS/EN:7671), the
Canadian Electrical Code (CSA), the German standard (DIN and VDE); and the National Electrical Code
(NEC) of the USA plus some adaptations to local context. These codes have themselves been updated a number
of times since the publication of EBCS-10:1995 to reflect existing and upcoming situations manifested in
terms of rapid technological advancement of devices, appliances, materials, products, and their
corresponding new standards as well as installation practices. Accordingly, it has been necessary to revise
EBCS-10 in light of these updates.

In the update process the Building Electrical Installation Technical Committee (BEITC) focused mainly on the
following aspects of revision:

 Emphasizing the purpose of the EBCS-10 code

 Using updated and latest versions of the Normative Reference materials that have already been utilized
and reflecting the updated information therein in the EBCS-10.

 Incorporation of missing issues requiring codes and standards within the existing 26 sections of the code

 Introducing additional separate Sections in to the existing code to address some important issues
thereby improving the comprehensiveness of the code and standard.

 Correction of typographical errors in the previous document of the code and standard.

The above five aspects have been reflected in EBCS-10: 2013 as follows:

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First, the main purpose of EBCS 10 has been maintained to be primarily for safe utilization of electricity in
buildings ensuring the avoidance of fire hazards on humans/animals, buildings and properties therein and
thereby as well as shock hazards on humans and animals.

Other critical issues such as reliability, efficiency, economics as well as the convenience, expansion and
maintenance of a building electrical installations have been raised and discussed among the Technical
Committee. However, centering on the issue of safety makes logically the conductors, devices, apparatuses and
other electrical materials to be used to be of relatively higher capacity, higher quality and durable and as a result
reliability and efficiency aspects of the installation will be satisfied. However, cost of the installation would
increase which should be compromised for the prior agenda of safety of humans and properties. Thus, in the
selection and endorsement of the prior Normative References, cost has not been considered.

Second, the latest versions of the Normative Reference materials, if any, have been sought and these have been
used in all citations. Otherwise, the old versions have been maintained to be utilized.

Third, missing issues requiring codes and standards within the existing 26 sections of the code have been
searched and these have been incorporated in the EBCS-10: 2013 edition.

Fourth, to address some important issues thereby improving the comprehensiveness of the code and standard,
additional Sections have been introduced in the new code. Accordingly, the following sections have been added:
SECTION 27: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
SECTION 28: RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
SECTION 29: FIBER OPTIC CABLING

Fifth, correction of typographical errors in the previous document of the code and standard have been made and
reflected in the new code.

Finally, the Sections have been arranged as follows:

SECTION 1: PURPOSE, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

SECTION 2: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 3: ILLUMINATION
SECTION 4: CONDUCTORS
SECTION 5: SERVICE AND SERVICE EQUIPMENT
SECTION 6: CIRCUIT LOADING AND DEMAND FACTOR
SECTION 7: EARTHING, BONDING, AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
PART I - EARTHING, AND BONDING
SECTION 7: EARTHING, BONDING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
PART II - LIGHTNING PROTECTION

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SECTION 8: WIRING METHODS
SECTION 9: PROTECTION AND CONTROL
SECTION 10: CLASS 1 AND CLASS 2 CIRCUITS
SECTION 11: INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
SECTION 12: HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
SECTION 13: FLAMMABLE LIQUID DISPENSING AND SERVICE STATIONS, GARAGES,
BULK STORAGE PLANTS, FINISHING PROCESSES AND AIRCRAFT HANGARS
SECTION 14: PATIENT CARE AREAS
SECTION 15: INSTALLATION OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
SECTION 16: FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AND FIRE PUMPS
SECTION 17: SIGNS AND OUTLINE LIGHTING
SECTION 18: LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND SIMILAR EQUIPMENT
SECTION 19: THEATRE INSTALLATION
SECTION 20: EMERGENCY SYSTEMS, UNIT EQUIPMENT, AND EXIT SIGNS
SECTION 21: MOTION PICTURE STUDIOS, PROJECTION ROOMS, FILM EXCHANGES AND
FACTORY
SECTION 22: DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING INSTALLATION
SECTION 23: ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
SECTION 24: COMMUNITY ANTENNA INSTALLATION FOR RADIO AND TV RECEPTION
SECTION 25: SWIMMING POOLS, FOUNTAINS AND SIMILAR INSTALLATIONS
SECTION 26: GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS
SECTION 27: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
SECTION 28: RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
SECTION 29: FIBER OPTIC CABLING

APPENDIX 1: INSPECTION AND TESTING

APPENDIX 2: FORMS OF COMPLETION AND INSPECTION CERTIFICATE

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NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF EBCS-10: 2013
DOCUMENTS

The codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides contained in EBCS-10: 2013 are adopted and
adapted from known codes such as that of the European (EN) and/or British (BS), the Canadian and the
American’s NEC.

Accordingly the Building Electrical Installation Technical Committee (BEITC) did not independently test,
evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its codes and
standards.

BEITC disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether
special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or
reliance on this document.

BEITC also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published
herein.

Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the
advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.

BEITC has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document.

Nor does BEITC list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this
document.

Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be
attributable to BEITC and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.

ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS

Updating of the EBCS 10 Document

Users of EBCS 10:2013 should be aware that the document may be superseded at any time by the issuance of
new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments. An official EBCS
10:13 document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any tentative
amendments and any Errata then in effect.

Patents

EBCS 10:2013 does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any items which are mentioned in or are the subject of codes, standards, recommended practices, and
guides in EBCS 10:2013 and the EBCS 10:2013 disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting
from the use of or reliance on these documents.

Users of this document are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

EBCS 10:2013 adheres to applicable policies of the Ethiopian Standards Agency or the Ethiopian Intellectual
Property Office.

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Law and Regulations

Users of this document should consult applicable federal, regional state, and local laws and regulations. EBCS
10 does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides intend to urge action
that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.

Copyrights

This document is copyrighted by the EBCS. It shall be made available for a wide variety of both public and
private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation,
standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods.

By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the MoCUD
does not waive any rights in copyright to this document.

Use of EBCS 10 document for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The
term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions,
additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument.

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 ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD
EBCS-10: 2013 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION OF
BUILDINGS S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ………………………………………………………………………………….. ii
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………….. iii
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETHIOPIAN BUILDING ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION CODE AND STANDARD ………………………………………………. iv

PREFACE TO EBCS-10: 2013 EDITION: ………………………………………………….. v

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY ……………………………………………. viii

ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS ………………………………………. viii

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

1.0.1 Purpose ……………………………………………………………………………. 1

1.0.2 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.2 Normative references …………………………………………………………… 2
1.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………… 3
Annex ……………………………………………………………………. 17

SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.0 Scope ………..…………………………………………………………………………22

2.1 Administrative …………………………………………………………………………22
2.1.1 Authority for rules ……………………….………………………………………22
2.1.2 Permit …………………………………………………………………………… 23
2.1.3 Application for inspection …………….…………………………………………23
2.1.4 Posting of permit ……………………………………………………….………23
2.1.5 Notification re-inspection ………………………………………………………23
2.1.6 Plans and specifications …………………………………………………………23
2.1.7 Connection authorization ………………………………………………………23
2.1.8 Re-inspection … ………….………………………………………………………24

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 2.1.9 Renovation of existing installation ………………………………………………24
2.1.10 Use of approved equipment ……………………………………………………24
2.1.11 Deviation or postponement ……………………………………………………24
2.1.12 Powers of rejection ………………………………………….…………………25
2.1.13 Installation of electrical equipment ……………………………………………25
2.1.14 Damage and interference ………………………………………………………25

2.2 Technical ………………………………………………..……………………………25

2.2.1 Conventional symbols ………………………………………………..…………25
2.2.2 Co-ordination ……………………………………………..…………..…………26
2.2.3 Location and requirement of substation ……………………………..…………26
2.2.4 Rooms (spaces) required ………………………………………………..………26
2.2.5 Location and requirements of distribution boards ………………………………27
2.2.6 Location and requirements of PBX/PABX rooms ………………………………27

2.3 Planning and designing …………………………………………………………………27

2.3.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………27
2.3.2 Layout and installation drawing …………………………………………………27
2.3.3 Design ……………………………………………………………………………28

2.4 Marking of equipment ………………………………………………………………… 28

2.4.1 General …………………………………………………………………………… 28
2.4.2 Workmanship and materials ………………………………………………………29
2.4.3 Material for anchoring ……………………………………………………………30
2.4.4 Protection of persons and property ………………………………………………30
2.4.5 Maintainability …………………………………….…………………………….. 30
2.4.6 Enclosures …………………………………………………………..…………… 31

SECTION 3 ILLUMINATION

3.0 Purpose …………………………………………………………….…………………… 32

3.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………….…………………32
3.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………………32
3.3 Definitions ………………………………………………………………………………33
3.4 Lighting requirements ………………………………………….……………………….37
3.4.1 Illuminance ………………………………………………………………………. 37

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 3.4.2 Luminance ……………………………………………..………………………….38
3.4.3 Glare …………………………………………………….…………….…………. 38
3.4.4 Light direction and modelling …………………………………………………….38
3.4.5 Colour rendering ………………………………………….……………………….38

3.5 Emergency lighting requirements ………………………………………….……………38

3.5.1 Escape lighting ……………………………………………….……..…………….38
3.5.2 Safety lighting for particular hazardous workplaces ……………………………..39
3.5.3 Standby lighting ………………………………………………………………….39

3.6 Lighting requirements for various types of buildings ……………………………………40

3.6.1 General …………………………………………………………………………….40
3.6.2 Industrial ……………………………………………………………….………….40
3.6.3 Offices ……………………………………………………………………………. 40
3.6.4 Hotels and restaurants ……………………………………………………………. 40
3.6.5 Educational establishments …………………………………………………………41
3.6.6 Hospitals …………………………………………………………………………. 41

3.7 Outdoor lighting requirements ………………………………..…………………………43

3.7.1 Illuminance ……………………………………………………….……………….43
3.7.2 Colour rendering group ……………………………………………………………43
3.7.3 Limitation of glare ………………………………………………..……………….43
3.7.4 Lighting of outdoor fixed location work spaces …………………………………43

SECTION 4 CONDUCTORS

4.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………….72

4.2 Nonnative references …………………………………………………………………….72
4.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………….72
4.4 Size of conductors ……………………………………………………………………….74
4.4.1 Phase conductors in a.c. circuits and live conductors in d.c. circuits …………... 74
4.4.2 Neutral conductors ………………………………………………………………. 74

4.5 Ampacity of wires, cables and flexible cords ……………………………………………75

4.5.1 Conductor operating temperature …………………………………………………75
4.5.2 Cables connected in parallel ………………………………………………………75
4.5.3 Cables connected to bare conductors or bus bars …………………….……………75
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 4.5.4 Voltage drop ……………………………………………………………………….75

4.6 Flexible cords ……………………………………………………………………………. 75

4.7 Colour of conductors ………………………………………….………………………….78
4.8 Maximum permissible temperature ………………………………………………………78

Annex (preface) …………………………..……………………….………………………….78

Annex A (Normative) - Correction factors…………………………………...………………87
Annex B (Normative) - Type of cable and ampacity …………………………………………92

SECTION 5 SERVICE AND SERVICE EQUIPMENT

5.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………………. 143

5.2 Normative references …………………………………………………………………….143
5.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………….143
5.4 General requirements …………………………………………………………………….144
5.4.1 Number of services permitted ……………………………………………………144
5.4.2 Consumer's installation not to be supplied through another building …………….145
5.4.3 Conductors considered outside of a building …………………………………….145
5.4.4 Other conductors in raceway or cable· …………………………………………..145
5.4.5 Clearance from building openings ……………………………………………….145

5.5 Service equipment …………………………………………………….…………………146

5.5.1 General …………………………………………………………………..……….146
5.5.2 Control …………………………………………………………………….……..147

5.6 Wiring methods ………………………………………………………………………….149

5.6.1 Underground consumer's service conductors . ……………………………………149
5.6.2 Overhead consumer's service conductors …………………………………………149

5.7 Metering equipment ……………………………………………………………..……….150

5.7.1 Connection …………………………………………………….………………….150

SECTION 6 CIRCUIT LOADING AND DEMAND FACTOR

6.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………….151

6.2 Normative references …………………………………………………………………….151
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 6.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………….151
6.4 General …………………………………………………….…………………………….152
6.4.1 Current calculation ……………………………………………………………….152
6.4.2 Voltage drop…………………………………………..…………………………. 152
6.4.3 Maximum circuit loading …………………………………………………………152
6.4.4 Use of demand factor ……………………………………………..………………152

6.5 Services and feeders …………………………………………………………………….152

6.5.1 Single-family dwellings …………………………………………………………152
6.5.2 Apartment and similar multi-family buildings ………………….………………. 153
6.5.3 Schools …………………………………………………………………..……….154
6.5.4 Hospitals ………………………………………………………………………….154
6.5.5 Hotels, motels, dormitories, and buildings of similar occupancy ………………..155
6.5.6 Other types of occupancy …………………………………………………………155
6.5.7 Branch circuits …………………………………………………………………….156
6.5.8 Feeder demand factors for lifts ……………………………………………………156

SECTION 7 EARTHING, BONDING, AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

PART I - EARTHING, AND BONDING

7.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………..159

7.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………….………….160
7.3 System and circuits earthing ……………………………………………………………160
7.3.1 Direct current. systems ……………………………………………………………160
7.3.2 Alternating - current systems ……………………………………………..………160

7.4 Location of system earthing connections ………………………………………………161

7.4.1 D.C. systems …………………………………………………………………..….161
7.4.2 A.C. systems ……………………………………………………..……………….161
7.4.3 Isolated systems ……………………………………………………….………….162
7.4.4 Single service supply to two or more buildings or structures …………..……….162
7.4,5 Conductors to be earthed …………………………………………………………162
7.4.6 Current over earthing conductor ………………………….………………………162

7.5 Bonding
7.5.1 Non-current carrying metal parts ………………………………………………..163
7.5.2 Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment ………………………..163
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 7.5.3 Non-metallic wiring systems ………………………………………………….…163
7.5.4 Non-electrical services …………………………………………………….……164
7.5.5 Extraneous fixed metalwork ……………………………………………………165

7.6 Method of earthing ……………………………………………………………………...165

7.6.1 Effective earthing ……………………………………………………………….165
7.6.2 Common earthing conductor ……………………………………………………166
7.6.3 Common earthing electrode ……………………………………………………166
7.6.4 Underground service …………………………………………………………….166
7.6.5 Short section of raceway ……………………………………………………….166
7.6.6 Fixed equipment ……………………………………………………………..….166

7.7 Bonding methods …………………………………………………………..………….167

7.7.1 Clean surface ………………………………………………………………..…. 167
7.7.2 Bonding at service equipment ………………………………………………….167
7.7.3 Means of assuring continuity at service equipment ………………………….. 167
7.7.4 Metal armor or tape of service cable……………………………………………168
7.7.5 Bonding at other than service equipment …………………………………….. 168
7.7.6 Loosely jointed metal raceways …………………………………………….…168
7.7.7 Bonding jumpers …………………………………………………………….. 168

7.8 Earthing electrodes ……………………………………………………………….….169

7.8.1 General…………………………………………………………………….…. 169
7.8.2 Service pipe electrode………………………………………………………….169
7.8.3 Artificial earthing electrodes ………………………………………………….170

7.9 Earthing and bonding conductors …………………………………………….………172

7.9.1 General ………………………………………………………………………….172
7.9.2 Installation of system earthing conductors ……………………………………….173
7.9.3 Installation of equipment bonding conductors …………………………………..173
7.9.4 Earthing conductor size for d.c. circuits ……………………………………… .174
7.9.5 Earthing conductor size for a.c. system ………………………………………….174
7.9.6 Bonding conductor size ………………………………………………………….174

7.10 Earthing and bonding conductor connections ……………………………………..174

7.10.1 Bonding. conductor connection to raceways ………………………………174
7.10.2 Earthing conductor connection to water pipe electrodes ………………….174

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 7.10.3 Earthing conductor connections to other than water pipe electrodes ……….175
7.10.4 Bonding conductor connection to circuits and equipment …………………175
7.10.5 Earthing conductor cQJ111Cction to electrodes …………………………..176

SECTION 7 EARTHING, BONDING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

PART II - LIGHTNING PROTECTION

7.11 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….177

7.12 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….177
7.13 Definitions ………………………………………………………………………….178
7.14 Materials ………………………………………………………………………….179
7.14.1 General …………………………………………………………………….179
7.14.2 Galvanic compatibility ……………………………………………………….179
7.14.3 Corrosion protection ………………………………………………………….179
7.14.4 Mechanical protection ………………………………………………………….180
7.14.5 Use of aluminum ……………………………………………………………….180

7.15 Form and size ………………………………………………………………………….182

7.15.1 Air termination ……………………………………………………………….182
7.15.2 Conductors …………………………………………………………………….182
7.15.3 Earth termination ……………………………………………………………….183
7.15.4 Minimum dimension ………………………………………………………….183

7.16 Air termination ………………………………………………………………………….183

7.16.1 General ………………………………………………………………………….183
7.16.2 Support ………………………………………………………………………….183
7.16.3 Metallic projections …………………………………………………………….183
7.16.4 Metallic materials ……………………………………………………………….183
7.16.5 Structure within zone .of protection ………………………………………..…. 183
7.16.6 Air termination on roof ………………………………………………………….184
7.16.7 Air termination on reinforced concrete structure ……………………………….184

7.17 Down conductor ……………………………………………………………..………….184

7.17.1 General ………………………………………………………………….…….184
7.17.2 Routing ………………………………………………………………………. 184
7.17.3 Recommended number ………………………………………………………. 184
7.17.4 Mechanical protection ………………………………………………..……….184
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 7.17.5 Corrosive soil ………………………………………………………..…......... 184
7.17.6 External routes not available ………………………………………………….185
7.17.7 Lift shafts ……………………………………………………………….…….185
7.17.8 Re-entrant loops ……………………………………………………………….185
7.17.9 Sharp bends ………………………………………………………..………….185
7.17.10 Bonding to prevent side flashing …………………………………………….185
7.1 7.11 Bonds ………………………………………………………………..……. 186
7.17.12 Test points ……………………………………………………………..…….187

7.18 Earth termination .................... …………………………………………………....... 187

7.18.1 Termination………………………………………………………….……….187
7.18.2 Resistance to earth …………………………………………………………….187
7.18.3 Earth electrodes……………………………………………………………….187
7.18.4 Connection point ……………………………………………………………….187

7.19 Common earthing ……………………………………………………………..……….189

7.19.1 Common earth potential ………………………………………………………. 189
7.19.2 Common earth bonding ……………………………………………………….. 189

7.20 Use of reinforcement for earthing in concrete Structures ………………………….189

7.20.1 General………………………………………………………………….…….189
7.20.2 Electrical continuity ………………………………………………………….189
7.20.3 Prestressed concrete members ………………………………………………….189
7.20.4 Precast concrete members …………………………………………………….189

7.21 Structural steel framing for lightning protection ……………………………………….190

7.21.1 General ……………………………………………………………..………….190
7.21.2 Air termination ………………………………………………………………. 190
7.21.3 Connection …………………………………………………………………….190
7.21.4 Earthing ……………………………………………………………………….190
7.21.5 Interconnection ……………………………………………………………….190

Annex (Informative) …………………………………………………………………….212

Annex A - System design ……………………………………………………………….212
Annex B - Consultation ………………………………………………………………….213

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SECTION 8 WIRING METHODS

8.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………………….216

8.2 Normative reference ………………………………………………………………….216
8.3 General requirements ………………………………………………………………….216
8.3.1 Methods of installations ……………………………………………………….216
8.3.2 Wiring in ducts and plenum chambers ………………………………………….217
8.3.3 Underground installations …………………………………………………….217
8.3.4 Conductors in hoist ways ……………………………………………………….218

8.4 Conductors …………………………………………………………………………….219

8.4.1 Types of conductors ……………………………………………………………….219
8.4.2 Radii of bends in conductors ……………………………………………………….219
8.4.3 Conductor joints and splices ……………………………………………………….219
8.4.4 Supporting of conductors ………………………………………………………….220

8.5 Open wiring …………………………………………………………………………….220

8.5.1 Open and clipped direct ………………………………………………………….220
8.5.2 Spacing of conductors …………………………………………………………….220
8.5.3 Conductor supports ……………………………………………………………….220
8.5.4 Spacing of supports ……………………………………………………………….221

8.6 Exposed wiring on exterior of buildings and between Buildings on the same premises ...221
8.6.1 Location of conductors……………………………………………………………. 221
8.6.2 Clearance of conductors ………………………………………………………….221
8.6.3 Power supply conductors ………………………………………………………….221

8.7 Bare bus bars and risers ……………………………………………………………….221

8.8 Installation of boxes, cabinets, outlets and terminal fittings …………………………….222
8.8.1 Number of outlets per circuit …………………………………………………….222
8.8.2 Outlet boxes ……………………………………………………………………..222
8.8.3 Conductors in boxes ………………………………………………………….223
8.8.4 Terminal fittings ……………………………………………………………….223

8.9 Cables, conductors and wiring methods ……………………………………………….223

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 Annex A (Normative): Schedule of methods of installation of cables ………………….224

SECTION 9 PROTECTION AND CONTROL

9.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………..…….228

9.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….228
9.3 General requirements ……………………………………………………………….228
9.3.1 Protective and control devices ……………………………………………….228
9.3.2 Types and ratings of protective and control devices ………………………….229

9.4 Protective devices …………………………………………………………….……….229

9.4.1 Over current devices ………………………………………………………….229
9.4.2 Earth fault protection ………………………………………………………….230

9.5 Fuses ………………………………………………………………………………….230

9.6 Circuit breakers …………………………………………………………..………….230
9.7 Control devices ………………………………………………………..…………….231
9.8 Switches …………………………………………………………………….……….231
9.9 Protection and control of miscellaneous apparatus ………………………………….232

SECTION 10 CLASS 1 AND CLASS 2 CIRCUITS

10.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………..…….235

10.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….235
10.3 Classification ………………………………………………………..……………….235
10.3.1 General ……………………………………………………………………….235
10.3.2 Class 1 extra-low-voltage power circuits …………………………………….236
10.3.3 Class 2 low-energy power circuits ………………………………………….236
10.3.4 Hazardous location …………………………………………………………….236
10.3.5 Circuits to safety control devices …………………………………………….236
10.3.6 Circuits in communication cables ……………………………………………. 236

10.4 Class 1 circuits ……………………………………………………………………….236

10.4.1 Limitation of Class 1 circuits ………………………………………………….236
10.4.2 Methods of installation for Class 1 circuits …………………………..……….237
10.4.3 Overcurrent protection of Class 1 circuits ……………………………..……..237
10.4.4 Location of overcurrent devices in Class 1 circuits ………………………….. 237
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 10.4.5 Class I extra-low-voltage power circuit sources including Transformers …... 237
10.4.6 Conductor material and sizes ………………………………………………….237
10.4.7 Insulated conductors for Class 1 wiring ………………………………….…..238
10.4.8 Conductors of different circuits in the ,same enclosure, cable, or Raceway ….238
10.4.9 Mechanical protection of remote-control circuits …………………………….238
10.4.10 Class 1 circuits extending aerially beyond a building ………………….…..238

10.5 Class 2 circuits …………………………………………………………………..…. 238

10.5.1 Limitations of Class 2 circuits ………………………………………………238
10.5.2 Methods of installation on supply side of overcurrent protection
or Transformers or other devices for Class 2 circuits …………………….239
10.5.3 Marking ……………………………………………………………….…….240
10.5.4 Overcurrent protection for Class 2 circuits …………………………………240
10.5.5 Location of over current devices …………………………………………… 240
10.5.6 Conductors for Class 2 circuit wiring ………………………………………..240
10.5.7 Separation of Class 2 circuit conductors from other circuits ………………..240
10.5.8 Conductors of different Class 2 circuits in the same cable, enclosure,
or raceway …………………………………………………………………...241
10.5.9 Penetration of a fire separation …………………………………………………241
10.5.10 Conductors in vertical shafts and hoistways ………………………………… 241
10.5.11 Class 2 conductors and equipment in ducts and plenum chambers ……….... 241
10.5.12 Equipment located on the load side of overcurrent protection,
transformers, or current-limiting devices for Class 2 circuits ……………… 241
10.5.13 Class 2 circuits extending beyond a building ……………………………..242
10.5.14 Underground installations ………………………………………………… 242

SECTION 11 INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

11.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………..….243

11.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….243
11.3 General ……………………………………………………………………………….243
11.3.1 Fusible equipment …………………………………………………………….243
11.3.2 Connection to identified terminals or leads …………………………………….243
11.3.3 Equipment over combustible surfaces ………………………………………….244
11.3.4 Installation of ventilated enclosures …………………………………………….244
11.3.5 Outdoor installations …………………………………………………..………244

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 11.4 Electric heating and cooking appliances ……………………………………………….244
11.4.1 Location of non-portable appliances ………………………………………….244
11.4.2 Rating of portable appliances ……………………………………….………….244
11.4.3 Appliance exceeding 1500 W …………………………………………………. 244
11.5 Heating equipment …………………………………………………………….………. 245
11.6 Submersible pumps …………………………………………………..……………….245
11.7 Motors and associated circuits ……………………………………………………….245
11.7.1 Wiring methods and conductors ……………………………………………….245
11.7.2 Overcurrent protection ……………………………………………………….248
11.7.3 Overload and overheating protection ………………………………………….250
11.7.4 Under voltage protection ………………………………………………………. 252
11.7.5 Control ………………………………………………………………………….252
11.7.6 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………….254

11.8 Air conditioning and refrigerating equipment ………………………………………….254

11.8.1 General …………………………………………………………………..…….254
11.8.2 Branch circuit ………………………………………………………………….254
11.8.3 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………….254
11.8.4 Supply cords ………………………………………………………………. 255

11.9 Storage batteries ……………………………………………………………..……….255

11.9.1 Location of storage batteries ………………………………………………….255
11.9.2 Ventilation of battery rooms or areas ………………………………………….255
11.9.3 Battery vents …………………………………………………………………….255
11.9.4 Battery installation……………………………………………………………….255
11.9.5 Wiring …………………………………………………………….…………….256

SECTION 12 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

12.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………..….………….265

12.2 Nonnative reference …………………………………………………….…………….265
12.3 Special Terminology ……………………..…………………………….…………….265

12.4 Classification ……………………………………………………………….………….266

12.4.1 Division of Class I locations …………………………………………………. 266
12.4.2 Division of Class II locations ………………………………………………….267
12.4.3 Division of Class III locations ………………………………………………….267

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 12.4.4. Maintenance …………………………..……………………………………….268
12.5 General requirements ………………………………………………………………….268
12.5.1 Electrical equipment ………………………………….….…………………….268
12.5.2 Marking ……………………………………………………………….……….269
12.5.3 Non-essential electrical equipment …………………………………………….270
12.5.4 Equipment rooms ………………………………………………………………. 270
12.5.5 Cable trays …………………………………………………..…………………. 270

12.6 Class I locations …………………………………………………………………..…….271

12.6.1 Installations in Class I, Division 1 locations ……………………………………271
12.6.2 Installations in Class I, Division 2 locations …………………………………..272

12.7 Class II locations …………………………………………………...………………..….273

12.7.1 Installations in Class II, Division 1 locations ………………………….………..273
12.7.2 Installation in Class II, Division 2 locations …………………………..………. 274

12.8 Class III locations …………………………………………………..………….……….275

12.8.1 Installations in Class III, Division 1 locations ……………..…………………..275
12.8.2 Installations in Class III, Division 2 locations ……………..………….……….277

SECTION 13 FLAMMABLE LIQUID DISPENSING AND SERVICE STATIONS,

GARAGES, BULK STORAGE PLANTS, FINISHING PROCESSES AND
AIRCRAFT HANGARS

13.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….279

13.2 Nonnative references ……………………………………………………………….279
13.3 Gasoline dispensing and service stations ………………………………………….280
13.3.1 Hazardous areas …………………………………………………………….280
13.3.2 Wiring and equipment within hazardous areas ……………………………..281
13.3.3 Wiring and equipment above hazardous areas ……………………………..281

13.4 Commercial garages, repairs and storage ……………………………………………281

13.4.1 Hazardous areas ……………………………………………………………….281
13.4.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas ……………………………………282
13.4.3 Wiring above hazardous areas …………………………………..…………..282
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 13.4.4 Equipment above hazardous areas …………………………………………..282

13.5 Residential storage garages 298

13.5.1 Non-hazardous location………………………………………………………282
13.5.2 Hazardous location …………………………………………………………….283
13.5.3 Wiring ……………………………………………………………………..…. 283

13.6 Bulk storage plants …………………………………………………………..………. 283

13.6.1 Hazardous areas ……………………………………………………………….283
13.6.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas …………………………………..285
13.6.3 Wiring and equipment above hazardous areas ……………………………….285

13.7 Finishing processes ………………………………………………………………….285

13.7.1 Hazardous locations …………………………………………………………285
13.7.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas ……………………….………….286
13.7.3 Wiring and equipment above hazardous areas ……………………………… 288

13.8 Aircraft hangars ……………………………………………………………………… 288

13.8.1 Hazardous areas……………………………………………………………….288
13.8.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas ………………………………… 288
13.8.3 Wiring not within hazardous area…………………………………………… 288
13.8.4 Equipment not within hazardous areas ……………………………..………. 289

SECTION 14 PATIENT CARE AREAS

14.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………..290
14.2 Nonnative references ……………………………………………………………….290
14.3 Definitions …………………………………..………………………………….…….290
14.4 Circuits in basic care areas …………………………………………………………….292
14.4.1 Branch circuits ……………………………………………………………….292
14.4.2 Bonding to earth in basic-care areas …………………………………………….292
14.4.3 Socket outlets in basic-care areas ……………………………………………….293

14.5 Circuits in intermediate and critical-care areas ……………………………………….294

14.5.1 Branch circuits ……………………………………………………………….294
14.5.2 Bonding to earth in intermediate and critical-care areas ……………………. 294
14.5.3 Receptacles in intermediate-and critical-care areas …………………………….294
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 14.6 Isolated systems …………………………………………………………………….…. 294
14.6.1 Sources of supply ……………………………………………………………… 294
14.6.2 Single-phase isolated circuits …………………………………………………. 295
14.6.3 Three-phase isolated systems ………………………………………………….295

14.7 Essential electrical systems …………………………………………………………….296

14.7.1 Circuits in essential electrical systems ………………………………………….296

14.8 Transfer switches ………………………………………………………………………. 296

14.9 Emergency supply ………………………………………………………………...…….297

SECTION 15 INSTALLATION OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

15.1 Scope ……………………………………………………….……………………..…. 298

15.2 Normative references ………………………………………………………………….298
15.3 Interior lighting equipment …………………………………………………………….298
15.3.1 General ………………………………………………………………………. 298
15.3.2 Location of lighting equipment ……………………………………………….299
15.3.3 Installation of lighting equipment …………………………………………….300
15.3.4 Wiring of lighting equipment ………………………………………………….302
15.3.5 Earthing of-lighting equipment ……………………………………………….304
15.3.6 Electric-discharge lighting systems operating at 1000V or less ……………..304

15.4 Outdoor lighting equipment ………………………………………………………….305

15.4.1 General………………………………………………………..……………….305
15.4.2 Permanent outdoor floodlighting installation ……………….………………..305
15.4.3 Exposed wiring for permanent outdoor lighting ………….……………….…307

Annex A (Normative) …………………………………….…………………………….….310

SECTION 16 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AND FIRE. PUMPS

16.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….319

16.2 Normative references …………………….………………………………………….319
16.3 Definitions ………………………………………………..……………………..….319
16.4 Design consideration ……………………………………………………………….320
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 16.4.1 General ………………………………………………………………….….320
16.4.2 Circuit design ……………………………………………………………….321
16.4.3 Manual call points ………………………………………………………….322
16.4.4 Selection of fire detectors ………………………………………………….323
16.4.5 Sitting of detectors ………………………………………………………….324
16.4.6 Sitting of heat sensitive (point) detectors…………………………………….325
16.4.7 Vibration combined with rapid temperature change ………………………….. 326
16.4.8 Sitting of heat-sensitive (line) detectors……………………………………….327
16.4.9 Sitting of smoke-sensitive detectors ……………………………………………327
16.4.10 Audible and visual alarms ………………………………………………….327

16.5 Cables and wiring …………………………………………………………………….329

16.5.1 Cables………………………………………………………………………..329
16.5.2 Wiring method ……………………………………………………………….329

16.6 Equipment bonding …………………………………………………………………….330

16.6.1 Exposed non-current carrying metal part……………………………………….330
16.6.2 Bonding conductor ……………………………………………………….…….331

16.7 Power supply system ……………………………………………………………….….331

16.7.1 Operating voltage……………………………………………………………….331
16.7.2 Sources of power ……………………………………………………………….331
16.7.3 Current supply ……………………………………………………………….331

16.8 Fire pumps …………………………………………………………………………...332

16.8.1 Conductors ……………………………………………………………….….332
16.8.2 Wiring method ……………………………………………………………….332
16.8.3 Consumers’ service for fire pumps …………………………………………….332
16.8.4 Protection ………………………………………………………………..…….333

Annex A (Informative) ……………………………………………………………….…….334

Annex B (Informative) …………………………………………………………………….336

SECTION 17 SIGNS AND OUTLINE LIGHTING

17.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………….341
17.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….341
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 17.3 General requirements ……………………………………………………………….341
17.3.1 Construction ……………………………………………………………….341
17.3.2 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………….342
17.3.3 Rating of disconnecting means and control devices …………………………..342
17.3.4 Thermal protection…………………………………………………………….342
17.3.5 Branch. circuit capacity ……………………………………………………….342
17.3.6 Location ……………………………………………………………………..….342
17.3.7 Bonding ……………………………………………………………………..….342
17.3.8 Protection of sign leads …………………………………………………..…….343
17.3.9 Installation of conductors ……………………………………………………….343
17.3.10 Fuse holders and flashers …………………………………………………….343

17.4 High-voltage luminous discharge tube signs and outline Lighting …………………..343
17.4.1 Enclosure …………………………………………………………………..….343
17.4.2 Protection of uninsulated part ………………………………………………….344
17.4.3 Transformers ……………………………………………………………..…….344
17.4.4 High-voltage wiring methods ………………………………………………….345

SECTION 18 LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND SIMILAR EQUIPMENT

18.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….346

18.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….346
18.3 General ……………………………………………………………………..……….346
18.3.1 Voltage limitation …………………………………………………………. 346
18.3.2 Live parts enclosed…………………………………………………………….346

18.4 Conductors ……………………………………………………………………….…….347

18.4.1 Installation of conductors ……………………………………………………….347
18.4.2 Minimum size of conductors ………………………………………………….347
18.4.3 Motor circuit conductors …………………………………………………….347

18.5 Wiring …………………………………………………………………….………….348

18.5.1 Wiring methods ……………………………………………………………….348
18.5.2 Branch circuits for auxiliary systems ………………………………………….348

18.6 Installation of conductors ……………………………………………………………….348

18.6.1 Number of conductors in raceway …………………………………...………….348
xxvi
 18.6.2 Supports …………………………………………………………………..…….349
18.6.3 Different systems in one raceway or travelling cable …………………………. 349
18.6.4 Wiring in hoistway …………………………………………………..………….349
18.6.5 Electric equipment in garages and similar occupancies ……………………….349
18.6.6 Sidewalk lifts ……………………………………………….………………….349

18.7 Traveling cables …………………………………………………………………..….349

18.7.1 Suspension ………………………………………………………………..….349
18.7.2 Hazardous (classified) location ……………………………………………….350
18.7.3 Protection against damage …………………………………………………….350
18.7.4 Installation …………………………………………………………………….350

18.8 Disconnecting means and control ……………………………………………………….350

18.8.1 General …………………………………………………………………..…….350
18.8.2 Type ……………………………………………………………………..…….350
18.8.3 Location……………………………………………………………………….350
18.8.4 Phase protection……………………………………………………………….350

18.9 Overcurrent protection ……………………………………………………………….351

18.9.1 Control and operating circuits ………………………………………………….351
18.9.2 Motors ………………………………………………………………………….351

18.10 Machine room ……………………………………………………………….……….351

18.10.1 Guarding equipment ………………………………………………………….351
18.10.2 Clearance around control panels and disconnecting means ………………….351

18.11 Earthing…………………………………………………………………………..….352
18.11.1 Metal raceway attached to cars …………………………………………….352
18.11.2 Electric lifts ……………………………………………………………….352
18.11.3 Non-electric lifts …………………………………………………………….352
18.11.4 Method of bonding ………………………………………………………….352

18.12 Overspeed …………………………………………………………………..……….352

18.12.1 Overspeed protection ……………………………………………………….352
18.12.2 Motor-generator overspeed device ………………………………………….352

18.13 Emergency power ………………………………………………………….………….353

xxvii
 18.13.1 Supply ……………………………………………………………………….353
18.13.2 Disconnection ……………………………………………………………….353
18.13.3 Hydraulic lifts disconnecting means ………………………………………….353

18.14 Machine rooms and hoistway pits lighting and Auxiliary …………………………….353
18.14.1 Machine room ……………………………………………………………….353
18.14.2 Hoist pits …………………………………………………………………….353

SECTION 19 THEATRE INSTALLATION

19.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………….355
19.2 Normative references ……………………………………………..………………….355
19.3 Wiring method …………………………………………………………….………….355
19.4 Number of conductors in raceways …………………………..…………………….355
19.5 Aisle lights in moving pictures theatres ……………………………………………..356
19.6 Fixed Stage Switchboard …………………………..………….…………………….356
19.7 Fuses . …………………………..……………………………….………….……… 356
19.8 Over current Protection …………………………..…………….……………..…… 356
19.8 Dimmers …………………………..…………………………….………..………… 356
19.9 Control of Stage and Gallery Pockets …………………..……….……..……………357
19.10 Conductors …………………………..………………………….………….………357
19.11 Portable Switchboard On Stage …………………………..……………………… 357
19.11.1 Construction of Portable Switchboards …………………………..…………357
19.11.2 Supply for Portable Switchboard ……………………………..…………… 357

19.12 Fixed Stage Equipment …………………………..……………………………….. 358

19.12.1 Footlights …………………………..…………………………………….… 358
19.12.2 Metalwork …………………………..……………………………………… 358
19.12.3 Clearance at Terminals ………………………………………..…………… 358
19.12.4 Mechanical Protection ………………………………………....…………… 358
19.12.5 Suspended Fixtures ………………………………………………………… 358
19.12.6 Connections at Lampholders …………………………..…………………… 358
19.12.7 Ventilation for Mogul Lampholers …………………………..…..………… 359
19.12.8 Conductor Insulation for Field-Assembled Luminaires …………………… 359
19.12.9 Branch Circuit Overcurrent Protection …………………………..………… 359
xxviii
 19.12.10 Pendant Lights Rated More Than 100.0W ……………………………..… 359
19.12.11 Cables for Border Lights …………………………..…………….…… 359
19.12.12 Wiring to Arc Pockets …………………………..……………….…… 359
19.12.13 Socket Outlets and Plugs ………………………………....…………… 359
19.12.14 Curtain Motors …………………………..……………………….…… 360
19.12.15 Flue Damper Control ……………………………………..…………… 360
19.13 Portable Stage Equipment …………………………..…………………..……… 360
19.13.1 Fixtures on Scenery …………………………..………………………… 360
19.13.2 String or Festooned Lights ………………………………..…………… 360
19.13.3 Flexible Conductors from Portable Equipment ……………………… 361
19.13.4 Portable Equipment for Stage Effects …………………………..……… 361

SECTION 20 EMERGENCY SYSTEMS, UNIT EQUIPMENT, AND EXIT

SIGNS

20.1 SCOPE …………………………………………………………..…………………362

20.2 Normative Reference …………………………………………………………………362
20.3 General ……………………………………………….………………..……………362
20.3.1 Special terminology ………………………………..………………………362
20.3.2 Capacity ……………………………………………….……………………362
20.3.3Instruction ……………………………………………………………………362
20.3.4 Batteries Maintenance ………………………………………………………362
20.3.5 Arrangement of Lamps ………………………………………………………362
20.3.6 Method of Wiring ……………………………………………………………363
20.4 Emergency Systems ………………………………………………………………… 364
20.4.1 Types of Emergency power supply …………………………………………364
20.4.2 Protection of electrical conductors ………………………………………… 364
20.4.3 Control …………………………………………………………….……… 365
20.4.4 Over current Protection …………………………………………………… 365
20.4.5 Audible and Visual Trouble Signal Devices ………………….…………………… 365

xxix
 20.4.6 Remote lamps ……………………………………………………………………… 365
20.5 Unit Equipment …………………………………………………………………… 365
20.5.1 Mounting of equipment …………………………………………………… 366
20.5.2 Supply Connections ……………………………………………………… 366
20.5.3 Remote lamps ………………… ……………….………………………… 366
20.6 Exit Signs …………………………………………………………………………… 366

SECTION 21 MOTION PICTURE STUDIOS, PROJECTION ROOMS, FILM

EXCHANGES AND FACTORY

21.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………………….367

21.2 Normative references ………………………………………………………………….367
21.3 General …………………………………………………………………………….….367
21.3.1 Wiring method ……………………………………………………………….367

21.4 Viewing, cutting and patching table fixture …………………………………………….368

21.5 Film-vaults and storage rooms ………………………………………………………….368
21.5.1 Equipment in film vaults and storage rooms ………………………………….368
21.5.2 Wiring method in film-vaults ………………………………………………….368
21.5.3 Lighting fixtures in film-vaults ……………………………………………….368
21.5.4 Film-vault circuits ……………………………………………………….…….369

21.6 Motion picture projection rooms …………………………………………..………….369

21.6.1 Lamps in projection rooms …………………………………………………….369
21.6.2 Arc lamp current supply ……………………………………………………….369
21.6.3 Ventilation ………………………………………………………………….….369

21.7 Motors and generators ……………………………………………………………..….369

SECTION 22 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING INSTALLATION

22.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………..…………..….370

22.2 Normative References ………………………………………………………………..….370
22.3 Special terminology …………………………………………………………………..….370
xxx
 22.5 Connections To Supply Circuit …………………………………………..…………..….371
22.6 Disconnecting Means ……………………………………………………..………..….371
22.7 Transformers and Capacitors ………………………………………………………..….371
22.8 Control …………………………………………………………………….………..….372
22.9 Ampacity of supply Conductors and Rating of Overcurrent Protection ……………..….372
22.10 Bonding ………………………………………………………………………..…..….372

SECTION 23 ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

23.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………..………. 373

23.2 Normative Reference ………………………………………………………..………. 373
23.3 General ………………………………………………………………………..………. 373
23.3.1 Special Terminology ………………………………………….…..………. 373
23.3.2 Use Of Approved Equipment …………………………………….………. 373
23.3.3 Circuits In Communication Cables ……………………………….………. 374
23.3.4 Hazardous Locations ………………………………….………….………. 374
23.3.5 Inspection By An Inspector …………………………..………….………. 374
23.3.6 Approved Transformers ………………………………………….………. 374
23.4 Protection ……………………………………………………………..….………. 374
23.4.1 Provision Of Primary Protectors ……………………………….………. 374
23.4.2 Primary Protector Requirements ……………….……………….………. 375
23.5 Protection For Communication Circuits In High-Voltage Stations ………….…. 375
23.6 Approved Transformers …………………………………………………….………. 375
23.7 Inside Conductors ………………………………………………………...………. 376
23.7.1 Conductors Arrangement ……………………………………….………. 376
23.7.2 Insulation …………………………………………………….….………. 376
23.7.3 Earthing Conductors With An Outer Metal Covering ……………….………. 376
23.7.4 Separation From Other Conductors …………………………………………. 376
23.7.5 Penetration Of A Fire Separation ………………………………….………. 377
23.7.6 Communication Cable In Hoistways …………………………….………. 377
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 23.7.7 Communication Conductors In Ducts And Plenum Chambers ….………. 377
23.7.8 Data Processing Systems ……………………………………..….………. 377
23.7.9 Conductors Under Raised Floors ………………………………….………. 377
23.7.10 Conductors In Concealed Installations ………………………….………. 377
23.7.11 Type Cfc Under-Carpet Wiring System …………………………………. 378
23.8 Equipment ………………………………….……………………………………..…. 378
23.8.1 Communication Equipment In Bathrooms ………………………………… 378
23.8.2 Equipment In Air Ducts, Plenums, Or Suspended Ceilings ……….………. 379
23.8.3 Exposed Equipment And Terminations …………………………….………. 379
23.8.4 Earth Circuits ……………………………………………………….………. 379
23.8.5 Communication Systems In Hospitals …………………………….………. 379
23.9 Outside Conductors ………………………………….………………………………. 379
23.9.1 Overhead Conductors On Poles ………………………………….………. 379
23.9.2 Overhead Conductors On Roofs ………………………………….………. 380
23.9.3 Circuits Requiring Primary Protectors ………………………….………. 380
23.9.4 Communication Conductors On Buildings ……………………….………. 380
23.9.5 Communication Conductors Entering Buildings …………………….………. 381
23.9.6 Lightning Conductors …………………………………………….….………. 381
23.9.7 Swimming Pools …………………………………………………….………. 381
23.10 Underground Circuits ……………………………………………………..….………. 381
23.10.1 Direct Buried Systems …………………………………………..….………. 381
23.10.2 Underground Raceway ………………………………….………….………. 382

23.11 Earthing
23.11.1 Bonding Of Cable Sheath …………………………………..…….………. 382
23.11.2 Cable-Sheath Bonding Conductor ………………………………….………. 383
23.11.3 Earthing Electrode ……………………………………..………….………. 383
23.11.4 Earthing Electrode Connection ………………………………….………. 383
23.11.5 Bonding Of Electrodes ………………………….……………….………. 384

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SECTION 24 COMMUNITY ANTENNA INSTALLATION FOR RADIO AND
TELEVISION RECEPTION

24.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………..….385

24.2 Normative references…………………………………………………..…………….385
24.3 Technical requirements……………………………………………………………….386
24.3.1 Mechanical ………………………………………………………………. 386
24.3.2 Electrical ………………………………………………………….……….386

24.4 Equipment ………………………………………………………………………….….386

24.4.1 Community antenna distribution amplifiers and other power sources…………..386
24.4.2 Exposed equipment and terminations …………………………………………..386
24.4.3 Equipment earthing ….………………………………………………………….387

24.5 Community antenna distribution network …………………………………………….387

24.5.1 Conductor ……………………………………………………………….…….387
24.5.2 Voltage limitation ……………………………………………………………….387
24.5.3 Hazardous locations …………………………………………………….…….388
24.5.4 Supports ……………………………………………………………………….388
24.5.5 Earthing of outer conductive shield of a coaxial cable ……………………….388
24.5.6 Earthing conductor …………………………………………………………….388
24.5.7 Earthing electrode …………………………………………………………….389
24.5.8 Earthing electrode connection ……………………………………………….389

24.6 Conductors within buildings ………………………………………………………….389

24.6.1 Separation from other conductors …………………………………………….389
24.6.2 Conductors in a vertical shaft ……………………………………………….390
24.6.3 Penetration of a fire separation ……………………………………………….390
24.6.4 Community antenna distribution conductors in ducts and plenum Cambers ... 390
24.6.5 Raceways …………………………………………………………………..….390

24.7 Conductors outside of buildings ……………………………………………………….390

24.7.1 Overhead conductors on poles………………………………………………….390 .
24.7.2 Overhead conductors on roofs ……………………………………………..….390
24.7.3 Conductors on buildings………………………………………………….…….390
24.7.4 Conductors entering buildings ………………………………………………...391
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 24.7.5 Swimming pools ……………………………………………………………….391

24.8 Underground conductors ……………………………………………………………….391

24.8.1 Direct buried systems ……………………………….………………………….391
24.8.2 Underground raceway………………………………………………………….392
24.8.3 Underground block distribution ………………………………….…………….393

24.9 Lightning arresters for receiving stations ……………………………………………….393

24.9.1 Lightning arrester …………………………………………………………….393
24.9.2 Earthing conductor ……………………………………..…………………….393
24.9.3 Earthing electrode …………………………………………………………….394
24.10 Equipment in hospitals …………………………………………………………….394
24.11 Radio noise suppressors …………………………………………………………….394

Annex A (Informative) …………………………………………………………………….395

SECTION 25: SWIMMING POOLS, FOUNTAINS AND SIMILAR

INSTALLATIONS

25.1 Scope …………………………………………………………….…………………………….…………. 411

25.2 Normative Reference …………………………………………………………….…………………. 411
25.3 Special Terminology …………………………………………………………….…………………. 411
25.4 General …………………………………………………….………………………………………………. 412
25.4.1 Electrical Wiring Or Equipment In Pool Walls Or Water …………. 412
25.4.2 Overhead Wiring …………………………………………………….…………………. 412
25.4.3 Underearth Wiring …………………………………………………….…………………. 413
25.4.4 Bonding To Earth …………………………………………………….…………………. 413
25.4.5 Junction And Deck Boxes …………………………………………..………………. 414
25.4.6 Transformers And Transformer Enclosure ….………………………………. 414
25.4.7 Socket Outlets ……………………………………………………………..……………. 415
25.4.8 Luminaries And Lighting Equipment …………………………..……………. 415
25.5 Permanently Installed Swimming Pools …………………………………………………. 416
25.5.1 General ………………………………………………….………. 416
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 25.5.2 Conduit Type ………………………………………….……………. 416
25.5.3 Circuit Segregation …………………………………………………. 416
25.5.4 Drainage ……………………………………………………………. 416
25.6 Storable Swimming Pools ……………………………………………………………….…………. 416
25.6.1 Electrical Equipment …………………………………………………. 416
25.6.2 Pumps ……………………………………………………..……………. 417
25.7 Hydro-Massage Bath Tub ………………………………………………………………………………. 417
25.7.1 Protection ………………………………………………………………………………………. 417
25.7.2 Control ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 417
25.7.3 Other Electric Equipment …………………………….…………………………………. 417
25.8 Spas And Hot Tubs ………………………………………………………………………….…………. 418
25.8.1 Bonding To Earth …………………………………………………..……………………. 418

Annex A (Informative) ……………………………………………….………….420

SECTION 26: GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS

26.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….421

26.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….421
26.3 Definitions ………………………………………………………………………….421
26.4 Symbols ………………………………………………………………….………….424

Annex A - (Informative) ………………………………………………………………….431

Annex B - (Informative) ……………………………………….………………………….432

SECTION 27: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

27.1 Scope ……………………………………….……………………………………….433

27.2 Normative References ……………………………………………………………….433
27.3 Special Terminology ……………………………………………………………….433
27.4 Marking …………………..………………………………………………………….434
27.5 maximum Photovoltaic Source Circuit and Output Circuit Voltage ………………….434
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 27.6 Voltage drop …………………………………………………………………………….435
27.7 Ampere Rating of Photovoltaic Source Circuits ……………………………………….435
27.8 Overcurrent Protection for Apparatus and Conductors ………………….…….435
27.9 Photovoltaic dc arc-fault circuit protection …………………………………….435
27.10 Disconnecting means ……………………………………………………..…….436
27.11 Wiring Method …………………………………………………………..…….436
27.12 Attachment plugs and similar wiring devices …………………………..…….437
27.13 Module Connection Arrangement ………………………………..………..…….438
27.14 Interconnected System Connection ………………………………………..…….438
27.15 Solar photovoltaic systems earthing ……………………………….……..…….438
27.16 Power conditioning unit …………………………………………………..…….438

SECTION 28: RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

28.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………..…….439

28.2 Normative References …………………………………………………………..…….439
28.3 Special Terminology …………………………………………………………..…….439
28.4 General ………………………………………..………………………………..…….443
28.5 Overcurrent Protection …………………………………………………………..…….443
28.6 Disconnecting Means …………………………………………………………..…….444
28.7 Wiring method …………………………………………………………………..…….444
28.8 System Earthing …………………………………………..………………………….445
28.9 Ungrounded Renewable Energy Power Systems …………………………………….445
28.10 Earthing Electrodes and Earthing conductors …………………………………….446
28.11 Equipment bonding ……………………………………..………………………….446
28.11 Marking ………………………………………………………….………………….446
28.12 Warning notice and diagram ………………………………………….…………….447
28.13 Interconnections to other Circuits ………………………………………………….447
28.14 Interconnected system connection ………………………………………………….447
28.15 Loss of interactive system power ………………………………………………….447
28.16 Systems in excess of 750 V dc ………………………………………………….447

28.17 INVERTERS ……………………………………………………….…………….447

28.17.1 Maximum circuit loading ………………………………………………….447
28.17.2 Stand-alone systems ………………………………………………….448
28.17.3 Utility-interactive inverters mounted in locations that are not
readily accessible ………………………………………..…………….449
28.17.4 Connection to other sources
28.17.5 Ampacity of neutral conductor ……………………..…………………….449
28.17.6 Unbalanced interconnections ……………………………………………….450
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 28.17.7 Utility-interactive point of connection …………………………………….450

28.18 STATIONARY FUEL CELL SYSTEMS …………………………………….451

28.18.1 Marking ……………………………………….……………………….451
28.18.2 Conductors ……………………………………………………..……….452
28.18.3 Overcurrent protection ………………………………………………….452
28.18.4 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………….452
28.18.5 Wiring methods ………………………………………..……………….452
28.18.6 Grounding and bonding ………………………………………………….452
28.18.7 Location of Fuel Cells ……………………………..…………………….453
28.18.8 Outdoor installations …………………………………………………….453
28.18.9 Indoor installations ……………………………….…………………….453
28.18.10 Electrical equipment ………………………………………………….453

28.19 SMALL WIND SYSTEMS …………………………………………………….454

28.19.1 Marking …………………………………………………….………….454
28.19.2 Maximum voltage …………………………………………………….454
28.19.3 Conductors ……………………………………………..……………….454
28.19.4 Wiring methods …………………………………………..……………….455
27.19.5 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors ……………………….455
28.19.6 Disconnecting means ……………………………………………………….456
28.19.7 Grounding and bonding …………………………………………………….457
28.19.8 Lightning protection systems ……………………………………………….458
28.19.9 Diversion load controllers ………………………………………………….458
28.19.10 Surge protective devices …………………………………….…………….458
28.19.11 Installation and service of a wind turbine …………………………………458

28.20 LARGE WIND SYSTEMS …………………………………………………….458

28.20.1 Marking ……………………………………………………………..….458
28.20.2 Conductors ……………………………………………………………….459
28.20.3 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors …………………….459
28.20.4 Disconnecting means ………………………………………….………….459
28.20.5 Grounding and bonding …………………………………….…………….460
28.20.6 Lightning protection systems ……………………………………………….460
28.20.7 System demarcation point ……………………………………………….460
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 28.21 MICRO-HYDROPOWER SYSTEMS ………………………………………….460
28.21.1 Marking ………………………………………………………………….460
28.21.2 Conductors ……………………………………………………..………….461
28.21.3 Wiring methods ……………………………………………..…………….461
28.21.4 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors …………………….461
28.21.5 Disconnecting means ………………………………..…………………….462
28.21.6 Stand-alone systems ……………………………………..……………….462
28.21.7 Grounding and bonding ……………………………..…………………….462

28.22 HYDROKINETIC POWER SYSTEMS ……………………………………….462

28.22.1 Marking ………………………………………………………………….462
28.22.2 Conductors …………………………………………………..………….462
28.22.3 Stand-alone systems ……………………………………………………….463
28.22.4 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors ……………………….463
28.22.5 Wiring methods …………………………………………………………….464
28.22.6 Disconnecting means ……………………………………………………….464
28.22.7 Grounding and bonding ………………………………………………….464

28.23 STORAGE BATTERIES …………………………………………………………….464

28.23.1 Installation …………………………………………………………….464
28.23.2 Current limiting …………………………………………………..…….465
28.23.3 Battery non-conductive cases and conductive racks …………………….465
28.23.4 Disconnection of series battery circuits …………………………………….465
28.23.5 Battery systems of more than 48 V ……………………………………….466
28.23.6 Battery interconnections …………………………….………………….466
28.23.7 Charge control …………………………….……………………………….466
28.23.8 Diversion charge controller …………………………….………………….467

SECTION 29: FIBER OPTIC CABLING

29.1 SCOPE …………………………………………….………………….………………….468
29.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCE ………………….………………….….………………….468
29.3 Special Terminology ……………………………….………………….………………….468
29.3 Types …………………………………………….………………….………………….468
29.4 Approvals …………………….…………………………..………..….………………….469
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 29.5 Acceptance of inspector …………………….………………..…….………………….469
29.6 Non-conductive optical fiber cables …………………….……………………………….469
29.7 Conductive optical fiber cable …………………….………………….………………….469
29.8 Hybrid cables ……………………………………….………………….………………….470
29.9 Penetration of a fire separation …………………….………………….………………….470
29.10 Optical fiber cables in a vertical shaft …………………….…………..……….……….471
29.11 Optical fiber cables in ducts and plenum chambers …………………..……….……….471
29.12 Earthing of entrance cables ………………….…………….…………..……….……….471

Appendices

APPENDIX 1: INSPECTION AND TESTING ………………………………………………….A-1

APPENDIX 2: FORMS OF COMPLETION AND INSPECTION CERTIFICATE ………………….A-9

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