Design Of Anchor Block 1

SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks

1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.10 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.80 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.00 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.81 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete  25.00 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material  78.5 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil   20.00 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.00 0.558505 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.0000125 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.00 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.65 m
12 Surge Head 3.30 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.95 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.67 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0
Downstream penstock angle wrt
16
horizontal  14
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.5941195 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.9310438 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19
Support piers f 0.25
20 Distance between two Support Piers 5 m
21 No. of Support Piers 9
22 Uphill ground slope i 0 0
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.3335377 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24
downstream Anchor block L1d 57.255 m
Half the distance from anchor block to
25
upstream anchor block L1u 0 m
Distance between two consecutive
26 support piers downstream of anchor
block L2d 6 m
Distance between two consecutive
27
support piers upstream of anchor block L2u 0 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
28
Downstream Expansion Joint L4d 29 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
29
upstream Expansion Joint L4u 0 m
S.N Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 0 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 362.501 KN
F1 362.501 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0 KN
2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0
3
Support Pier F2d 0
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 128.462 KN
acts along
F4 KN bisector of
bend
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5 F4u 0 KN
pipe
F4d 11.183 KN
F4 11.183 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 F5 0 KN
anchor block in absence of expansion joint
Expansion
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80 KN Joint is
present

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 21.431

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change
9 F8 0.576 KN
in direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0 KN

Force due to soil pressure upstream of the

11 F10 62.538 KN
flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.6276 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill
1 0.5 m
face
2 width of block w 3 m
3 Length of block L 3 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.5 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2 m
Height of Bend Location from Bottom of
9 hb 1.5 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.5520833 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F1d 362.501 -87.697 -87.697 362.501 362.501
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 128.462 15.656 15.656 -127.505 -127.505
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 11.184 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
joint just d/s of block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 2.376 -2.376 19.354 -19.354
Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.431 21.431 0.000 0.000
F7d 21.431 -20.794 -20.794 -5.185 -5.185
F8 0.576 0.070 0.070 -0.572 -0.572
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.628 0.000 0.000 541.628 541.628
SUM 1229.751 -6.420 -11.172 790.221 751.513
Horizontal force at bend
-68.958 -73.711
Vertical force at bend
248.593 209.886

Safety against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1286.516 1201.972 KNm
d 1.628 1.599 m
e 0.128 0.099 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 110.288 100.102 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

safety against sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
 -6.420 -11.172 KN
V 395.110 375.757 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 2
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.10 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.80 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.00 mm
4 Unit weight of water   9.81 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete  c 25.00 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.5 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.00 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.00 0.55851 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.0000125 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.00 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.65 m
12 Surge Head 3.30 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.95 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.64 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  14
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  11
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.59412 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931044 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 f 0.25
Support piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0
22 Uphill ground slope i 14 0.24435
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.378643 h1-h2 1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d 18.974 m
downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u 20.773 m
upstream anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support
26 L2d 0 m
piers downstream of anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support
27 L2u 5 m
piers upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d 29 m
Downstream Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 L4u 29 m
upstream Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 131.5209 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 121.5337 KN
F1 253.0546 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 7.914173 KN
2
Pier per support pier F2d 0 KN

Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0

3
Pier
F2d 0
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 -27.5931 KN
acts along
F4 KN bisector of
bend
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5 F4u 11.18392 KN
pipe
F4d 8.820998 KN
F4 20.00492 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor Expansion
6 F5 0 KN
block in absence of expansion joint Joint is
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80 KN present

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 20.02523

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.43107
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 -0.123727 KN
direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0 KN

11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 68.88663 KN

12 Weight of Block Wb 540.9827 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.5 m
2 width of block w 3 m
3 Length of block L 3 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.5 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2 m

9 hb 1.5 m
Height of bent location from bottom of block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.55208333 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 131.521 -31.818 -31.818 127.614 127.614
F1d 121.534 -23.190 -23.190 121.534 121.534
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -27.593 -5.972 -5.972 26.939 26.939
F4u 11.184 10.852 10.852 2.706 2.706
F4d0, expansion
F4d 8.821 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive
expansion,
F6 80.000 -0.907 0.907 -4.089 4.089
Negative
contraction
F7u 20.025 19.430 19.430 4.845 4.845
F7d 21.431 -21.037 -21.037 -4.089 -4.089
F8 -0.124 -0.027 -0.027 0.121 0.121
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 68.887 66.840 66.840 16.665 16.665
Wb 540.983 0.000 0.000 540.983 540.983
SUM 976.668 14.172 15.985 833.227 841.406
Horizontal force at bend -52.668 -50.855
Vertical force at bend 275.580 283.758

Safety against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
overturning
Allowable
0.500
eccentricity(ea)
M 1367.507 1386.583 KNm
d 1.641 1.648 m
e 0.141 0.148 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 118.729 121.151 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety against sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 14.172 15.985 KN
mV 416.614 420.703 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 3
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.592 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  11.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  28.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and Support
19 f 0.250
piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 5.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 4.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 11.000 0.192
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.360 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to downstream
24 L1d 14.434 m
Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to upstream
25 L1u 18.974 m
anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support piers
26 L2d 5.000 m
downstream of anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support piers
27 L2u 0.000 m
upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to Downstream
28 L4d 29.000 m
Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 L4u 29.000 m
Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN

Component of wt. of pipe & water perpendicular F1u 121.534 KN

1
to pipe F1d 83.160 KN
F1 204.693 KN

Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000 KN

2
Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000
3
Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 155.806 KN

F4 KN
acts along
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe F4u 8.821 KN bisector of
F4d 21.703 KN bend

F4 30.524 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor Expansion
6 F5 0.000 KN
block in absence of expansion joint Joint is
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN present

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 20.322

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 0.699 KN
direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN

11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 66.265 KN

12 Weight of Block Wb 539.805 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 121.534 -23.190 -23.190 119.301 119.301
F1d 83.160 -39.041 -39.041 83.160 83.160
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 155.806 52.009 52.009 -146.869 -146.869
F4u 8.821 8.659 8.659 1.683 1.683
F4d0,
expansion joint
F4d 21.703 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive
expansion,
F6 80.000 7.894 -7.894 22.293 -22.293
Negative
contraction
F7u 20.322 19.949 19.949 3.878 3.878
F7d 21.431 -18.923 -18.923 -10.061 -10.061
F8 0.699 0.233 0.233 -0.659 -0.659
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 66.265 65.048 65.048 12.644 12.644
Wb 539.805 0.000 0.000 539.805 539.805
SUM 1119.546 72.639 56.850 625.175 580.589
Horizontal force at bend 7.591 -8.198
Vertical force at bend 72.726 28.140

Safety Against Overturning Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1048.867 936.012 KNm
d 1.678 1.612 m
e 0.178 0.112 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing capacity Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable bearing pressure(Pa) 200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays

Pbase 94.154 78.983 KN/m2

check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety against sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 72.639 56.850 KN
V 312.587 290.294 KN
check H < µSV SH < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 4
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /oc
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
3
14 Volume of Block V 21.542 m
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  28.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  2.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 Support piers f 0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2 1

Half the distance from anchor block to

24 downstream Anchor block L1d 18.390 m
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 upstream anchor block L1u 14.434 m
Distance between two consecutive support
26 piers downstream of anchor block L2d 5.000 m
Distance between two consecutive support
27 piers upstream of anchor block L2u 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 Downstream Expansion Joint L4d 29.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 upstream Expansion Joint L4u 29.000 m
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN

Component of wt. of pipe & water perp to F1u 83.160 KN

1
pipe F1d 119.925 KN
F1 203.084 KN

Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000 KN

2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000 KN
3
Support Pier F2d 0.000 KN
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 -237.121 KN
F4 0.000 KN acts along
F4u 21.703 KN bisector of bend
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5
pipe F4d 1.613 KN
F4 23.317 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 F5 0.000 KN Expansion Joint
anchor block in absence of expansion joint
is present
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 18.703

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change
9 F8 -1.063 KN
in direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN

Force due to soil pressure upstream of the

11 F10 62.538 KN
flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 538.553 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill
1 0.500 m
face
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
Height of bent location from bottom of
9 hb 1.500 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 83.160 -39.041 -39.041 73.426 73.426
F1d 119.925 -4.185 -4.185 119.925 119.925
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -237.121 -61.371 -61.371 229.041 229.041
F4u 21.703 19.163 19.163 10.189 10.189
F4d0,
expansion
F4d 1.613 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
joint just d/s
of block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive
expansion,
F6 80.000 -9.315 9.315 -34.766 34.766
Negative
contraction
F7u 18.703 16.514 16.514 8.780 8.780
F7d 21.431 -21.418 -21.418 -0.748 -0.748
F8 -1.063 -0.275 -0.275 1.027 1.027
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 538.553 0.000 0.000 538.553 538.553
SUM 709.443 -37.391 -18.761 945.428 1014.959
Horizontal force at bend -99.930 -81.299
Vertical force at bend 406.874 476.406

Safety Against Overturning Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1551.849 1718.858 KNm
d 1.641 1.694 m
e 0.141 0.194 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check On Bearing Capacity Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

2
Allowable bearing pressure(Pa) 200.000 KN/m stiff clays
Pbase 134.760 156.422 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H -37.391 -18.761 KN
V 472.714 507.480 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 5
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.654 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  2.000
Downstream penstock angle wrt
16
horizontal  18.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19
Support piers f 0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 7.000 0.122
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.344 h1-h2 1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24
downstream Anchor block L1d 35.102 m
Half the distance from anchor block to
25
upstream anchor block L1u 18.390 m
Distance between two consecutive
26
support piers downstream of anchor block
L2d 0.000 m
Distance between two consecutive
27
support piers upstream of anchor block L2u 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
28
Downstream Expansion Joint L4d 29.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
29
upstream Expansion Joint L4u 29.000 m
S.N Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water perp to F1u 119.925 KN
1
`pipe
F1d 217.836 KN
F1 337.761 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000 KN
2
Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000
3
Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 146.702 KN
acts along
F4 KN bisector of
bend
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5
pipe F4u 1.613 KN
F4d 14.286 KN
F4 15.899 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor Expansion
6 F5 0.000 KN
block in absence of expansion joint Joint is
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN present

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 21.228

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 0.658 KN
direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN

11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 63.981 KN

12 Weight of Block Wb 541.339 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 119.925 -4.185 -4.185 119.852 119.852
F1d 217.836 -67.315 -67.315 217.836 217.836
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 146.702 25.475 25.475 -144.474 -144.474
F4u 1.613 1.612 1.612 0.056 0.056

F4d0, expansion
F4d 14.286 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block

F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Positive
expansion,
F6 80.000 3.867 -3.867 21.929 -21.929
Negative
contraction
F7u 21.228 21.215 21.215 0.741 0.741
F7d 21.431 -20.382 -20.382 -6.623 -6.623
F8 0.658 0.114 0.114 -0.648 -0.648
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 63.981 63.504 63.504 7.797 7.797
Wb 541.339 0.000 0.000 541.339 541.339
SUM 1228.999 23.905 16.171 757.807 713.948
Horizontal force at bend -39.599 -47.333
Vertical force at bend 208.670 164.811

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1251.065 1151.747 KNm
d 1.651 1.613 m
e 0.151 0.113 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check On Bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 109.613 97.289 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 23.905 16.171 KN
V 378.903 356.974 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 6
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.00 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.578 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  18.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  24.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 f 0.250
Support piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 5.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 9.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 23.000 0.401
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.494 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d 20.275 m
downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u 35.102 m
upstream anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support
26 L2d 5.000 m
piers downstream of anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support
27 L2u 0.000 m
piers upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d 29.000 m
Downstream Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 L4u 29.000 m
upstream Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1

Component of wt. of pipe & water perp to F1u 217.836 KN

1
pipe F1d 120.860 KN
F1 338.696 KN

Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000 KN

2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000
3
Support Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 55.167 KN
F4 KN
F4u 14.286 KN acts along
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5 bisector of
pipe F4d 18.803 KN bend
F4 33.089 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 F5 0.000 KN
anchor block in absence of expansion joint
Expansion
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN Joint is
present

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 19.635

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change
9 F8 0.247 KN
in direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN

Force due to soil pressure upstream of the

11 F10 85.294 KN
flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 539.445 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill
1 0.500 m
face
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
Height of bent location from bottom of
9 hb 1.500 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 217.836 -67.315 -67.315 207.174 207.174
F1d 120.860 -49.158 -49.158 120.860 120.860
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 55.167 19.770 19.770 -51.503 -51.503
F4u 14.286 13.586 13.586 4.415 4.415
F4d0, expansion
F4d 18.803 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive
expansion,
F6 80.000 3.001 -3.001 7.818 -7.818
Negative
contraction
F7u 19.635 18.674 18.674 6.068 6.068
F7d 21.431 -19.578 -19.578 -8.717 -8.717
F8 0.247 0.089 0.089 -0.231 -0.231
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 85.294 78.514 78.514 33.327 33.327
Wb 539.445 0.000 0.000 539.445 539.445
SUM 1173.005 -2.417 -8.419 858.655 843.020
Horizontal force at bend -80.931 -86.933
Vertical force at bend 285.883 270.248

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1353.062 1312.789 KNm
d 1.576 1.557 m
e 0.076 0.057 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 109.868 104.393 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H -2.417 -8.419 KN
V 429.328 421.510 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 7
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.582 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  24.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  1.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 f 0.250
Support piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 9.000 0.157
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.351 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d 63.295 m
downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u 20.275 m
upstream anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support
26 L2d 0.000 m
piers downstream of anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support
27 L2u 5.000 m
piers upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d 29.000 m
Downstream Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 L4u 29.000 m
Expansion Joint
SN Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 120.860 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 412.947 KN
F1 533.807 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 7.451 KN
2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000
3
Support Pier F2d 0.000
-
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 KN
210.154
acts along
F4 KN bisector of
bend
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5 F4u 18.803 KN
pipe
F4d 0.807 KN
F4 19.610 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 F5 0.000 KN
anchor block in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 19.067

8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 -0.942 KN
direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN

Force due to soil pressure upstream of the

11 F10 64.970 KN
flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 539.551 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
Height of bent location from bottom of
9 hb 1.500 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 120.860 -49.158 -49.158 110.411 110.411
F1d 412.947 -7.207 -7.207 412.947 412.947
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -210.154 -45.486 -45.486 205.172 205.172
F4u 18.803 17.178 17.178 7.648 7.648
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.807 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 -6.904 6.904 -31.143 31.143
Negative contraction
F7u 19.067 17.419 17.419 7.755 7.755
F7d 21.431 -21.428 -21.428 -0.374 -0.374
F8 -0.942 -0.204 -0.204 0.920 0.920
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 64.970 64.171 64.171 10.164 10.164
Wb 539.551 0.000 0.000 539.551 539.551
SUM 1067.342 -31.619 -17.811 1263.052 1325.337
Horizontal force at bend -95.790 -81.982
Vertical force at bend 713.337 775.623

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 2173.893 2319.177 KNm
d 1.721 1.750 m
e 0.221 0.250 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 202.409 220.853 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa UNSAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H -31.619 -17.811 KN
V 631.526 662.669 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 8
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
Internal Diameter of each Penstock
2 d 0.800 m
pipe
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water   9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
Coefficient of Linear Expansion of
9 a 0.000 /oc
Pipe
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.651 m3
Upstream penstock angle wrt
15  1.000
horizontal
Downstream penstock angle wrt
16  19.000
horizontal
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe
19 f 0.250
and Support piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 1.000 0.017
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d 4.916 m
downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u 63.295 m
upstream anchor block
Distance between two consecutive
26 support piers downstream of anchor L2d 0.000 m
block
Distance between two consecutive
27 L2u 0.000 m
support piers upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d 9.830 m
Downstream Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 L4u 29.000 m
upstream Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 412.947 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 30.328 KN
F1 443.276 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000 KN
2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000
3
Support Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 164.897 KN
F4 KN
F4u 0.807 KN acts along
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5 bisector of
pipe F4d 5.102 KN bend
F4 5.909 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 anchor block in absence of expansion F5 0.000 KN
joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of F7u 21.330

8 KN
Pipe within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change
9 F8 0.739 KN
in direction of moving water

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN

Force due to soil pressure upstream of the

11 F10 62.567 KN
flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.271 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill
1 0.500 m
face
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
Height of bent location from bottom of
9 hb 1.500 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 412.947 -7.207 -7.207 412.884 412.884
F1d 30.328 -9.874 -9.874 30.328 30.328
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 164.897 28.634 28.634 -162.392 -162.392
F4u 0.807 0.807 0.807 0.014 0.014
F4d0, expansion
F4d 5.102 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 4.346 -4.346 24.649 -24.649 Negative
contraction
F7u 21.330 21.326 21.326 0.372 0.372
F7d 21.431 -20.263 -20.263 -6.977 -6.977
F8 0.739 0.128 0.128 -0.728 -0.728
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.567 62.557 62.557 1.092 1.092
Wb 541.271 0.000 0.000 541.271 541.271
SUM 1341.419 80.455 71.762 840.513 791.214
Horizontal force at bend 17.898 9.205
Vertical force at bend 298.151 248.852

Safety Against Overturning Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1515.376 1403.740 KNm
d 1.803 1.774 m
e 0.303 0.274 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing capacity Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable bearing pressure(Pa) 200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
2
Pbase 149.969 136.117 KN/m
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 80.455 71.762 KN
V 420.256 395.607 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 9
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.621 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  19.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and Support
19
piers f 0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to downstream
24 m
Anchor block L1d 10.240
Half the distance from anchor block to upstream
25 m
anchor block L1u 4.916
Distance between two consecutive support piers
26 m
downstream of anchor block L2d 0.000
Distance between two consecutive support piers
27 m
upstream of anchor block L2u 0.000
Distance between Anchor Block to Downstream
28 m
Expansion Joint L4d 0.000
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 m
Expansion Joint L4u 0.000
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1
Component of wt. of pipe & water perpendicular to F1u 30.330 KN
1
pipe F1d KN
66.818
F1 97.148 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support Pier F2u 0.000 KN
2
per support pier F2d 0.000 KN

3 Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support Pier F2u 0.000

F2d 0.000
-
4 Hydrostatic force on bends KN
F3 173.977
F4 KN
KN acts along
F4u 0.000
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor block
6 F5 0.000 KN
in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe within F7u 21.431

8 KN
Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 KN
direction of moving water -0.780

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe KN

F9 0.000
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 62.538 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 540.521 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 30.330 -9.875 -9.875 28.678 28.678
F1d 66.818 0.000 0.000 66.818 66.818
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -173.977 -28.714 -28.714 171.591 171.591
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive
expansion,
F6 80.000 -4.359 4.359 -26.045 26.045
Negative
contraction
F7u 21.431 20.263 20.263 6.977 6.977
F7d 21.431 -21.431 -21.431 0.000 0.000
F8 -0.780 -0.129 -0.129 0.769 0.769
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 540.521 0.000 0.000 540.521 540.521
SUM 648.313 18.295 27.012 789.308 841.399
Horizontal force at bend -44.244 -35.527
Vertical force at bend 248.787 300.878

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 1322.258 1439.515 KNm
d 1.675 1.711 m
e 0.175 0.211 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing capacity Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 118.433 132.915 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 18.295 27.012 KN
V 394.654 420.700 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 10
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.10 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.80 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.00 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.81 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.00 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.5 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.00 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.00 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.0000125 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.00 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.65 m
12 Surge Head 3.30 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.95 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.67 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  11
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.59411951 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.93104383 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19
Support piers f 0.25
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0
22 Uphill ground slope i 0 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.33353772 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 m
downstream Anchor block L1d 4.171
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 m
upstream anchor block L1u 10.24
Distance between two consecutive support piers
26 m
downstream of anchor block L2d 0
Distance between two consecutive support piers
27 m
upstream of anchor block L2u 0
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 m
Downstream Expansion Joint L4d 0
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 m
Expansion Joint L4u 0
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1
Component of wt. of pipe & water perpendicular to F1u 66.818 KN
1
pipe F1d KN
26.716
F1 93.534 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support Pier per F2u 0.000 KN
2
support pier F2d 0.000 KN

3 Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support Pier F2u 0.000

F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 101.031 KN
F4 KN
KN acts along
F4u 0.000
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor block in
6 F5 0.000 KN
absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN

Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe within F7u 21.431

8 KN
Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in direction
9 F8 KN
of moving water 0.453

10 Force due to reduction in Pipe KN

F9 0.000
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 62.538 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.783 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 66.818 0.000 0.000 66.818 66.818
F1d 26.716 -5.098 -5.098 26.716 26.716
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 101.031 9.683 9.683 -100.566 -100.566
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 1.470 -1.470 15.265 -15.265 Negative
contraction
F7u 21.431 21.431 21.431 0.000 0.000
F7d 21.431 -21.037 -21.037 -4.089 -4.089
F8 0.453 0.043 0.043 -0.451 -0.451
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.783 0.000 0.000 541.783 541.783
SUM 922.202 69.031 66.091 545.476 514.947
Horizontal force at bend 6.493 3.553
Vertical force at bend 3.693 -26.837

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 910.132 844.664 KNm
d 1.669 1.640 m
e 0.169 0.140 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing capacity Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 81.035 73.271 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 69.031 66.091 KN
V 272.738 257.473 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 11
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
3
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m /s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.5599 stiff clays
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 / oc
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.653 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  11.000
Downstream penstock angle wrt
16  10.000
horizontal
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 f 0.250
Support piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d 41.617 m
downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u 4.171 m
upstream anchor block
Distance between two consecutive
26 support piers downstream of anchor L2d 0.000 m
block
Distance between two consecutive
27 L2u 0.000 m
support piers upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d 0.000 m
Downstream Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 L4u 0.000 m
upstream Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 26.716 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 267.432 KN
F1 294.149 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000 KN
2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000
3
Support Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 -9.199 KN
F4 KN
F4u 0.000 KN acts along
Component of wt of pipe acting
5 bisector of
parallel to pipe F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 anchor block in absence of expansion F5 0.000 KN
joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of F7u 21.431
8 KN
Pipe within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to
9 F8 -0.041 KN
change in direction of moving water
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
Force due to soil pressure upstream of
11 F10 62.538 KN
the flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.337 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

Penstock clear cover by anchor at
1 0.500 m
uphill face
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
Buried depth of block at downstream
7 h2 2.000 m
face
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
Height of bent location from bottom of
9 hb 1.500 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 26.716 -5.098 -5.098 26.226 26.226
F1d 267.432 -46.439 -46.439 267.432 267.432
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -9.199 -1.676 -1.676 9.045 9.045
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 -0.254 0.254 -1.373 1.373
Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.037 21.037 4.089 4.089
F7d 21.431 -21.105 -21.105 -3.721 -3.721
F8 -0.041 -0.008 -0.008 0.041 0.041
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.337 0.000 0.000 541.337 541.337
SUM 1011.646 8.995 9.504 843.075 845.820
Horizontal force at bend -53.543 -53.034
Vertical force at bend 301.738 304.484

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 820.079 759.783 KNm
d 0.973 0.898 M
e 0.169 0.140 M
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 125.245 120.350 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 8.995 9.504 KN
V 421.537 422.910 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 12
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
3
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m /s
Internal Diameter of each Penstock
2 d 0.800 m
pipe
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.5599 stiff clays
Coefficient of Linear Expansion of
9 a 0.000 /oc
Pipe
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.665 m3
Upstream penstock angle wrt
15  10.000
horizontal
Downstream penstock angle wrt
16  0.000
horizontal
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe
19 f 0.250
and Support piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block
24 L1d 82.442 m
to downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block
25 L1u 41.617 m
to upstream anchor block
Distance between two consecutive
26 support piers downstream of anchor L2d 0.000 m
block
Distance between two consecutive
27 support piers upstream of anchor L2u 0.000 m
block
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d 0.000 m
Downstream Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 L4u 0.000 m
upstream Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 267.432 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 537.948 KN
F1 805.380 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000 KN
2
Support Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on F2u 0.000
3
Support Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 -91.871 KN
F4 KN
F4u 0.000 KN acts along
Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to
5 bisector of
pipe F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by
6 F5 0.000 KN
anchor block in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of F7u 21.431
8 KN
Pipe within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change
9 F8 -0.412 KN
in direction of moving water
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
Force due to soil pressure upstream of the
11 F10 62.538 KN
flow
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.624 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill
1 0.500 m
face
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
Height of bent location from bottom of
9 hb 1.500 m
block
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 X-Component (KN)
Forces(KN) Y-Component (KN) 

Remarks
Expansio Contractio Contractio
Symbol Values Expansion
n n n
F1u 267.432 -46.439 -46.439 263.369 263.369
F1d 537.948 0.000 0.000 537.948 537.948
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -91.871 -8.007 -8.007 91.521 91.521
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 -1.215 1.215 -13.892 13.892 Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.105 21.105 3.721 3.721
F7d 21.431 -21.431 -21.431 0.000 0.000
F8 -0.412 -0.036 -0.036 0.410 0.410
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 83.384 83.384 83.384 0.000 0.000
Wb 735.374 0.000 0.000 735.374 735.374
1654.71
SUM 8 27.361 29.792 1618.452 1646.236
Horizontal force at bend -56.023 -53.592
Vertical force at bend 883.078 910.862

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable
0.500
eccentricity(ea)
M 833.731 776.318 KNm
d 0.515 0.472 m
e 0.169 0.140 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 198.125 165.876 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 27.361 29.792 KN
V 809.226 823.118 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 13
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /oc
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.678 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  6.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19
Support piers f 0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24
downstream Anchor block L1d 12.383 m
Half the distance from anchor block to
25
upstream anchor block L1u 82.442 m
Distance between two consecutive support
26
piers downstream of anchor block L2d 0.000 m
Distance between two consecutive support
27
piers upstream of anchor block L2u 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
28
Downstream Expansion Joint L4d 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29
Expansion Joint L4u 0.000 m
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 537.948 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 80.357 KN
F1 618.305 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000 KN
2
Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000
3
Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 55.167 KN
F4 KN
acts along
F4u 0.000 KN
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor
6 F5 0.000 KN
block in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 21.431
8
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431 KN
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8
direction of moving water 0.247 KN
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 62.538 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.956 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 537.948 0.000 0.000 537.948 537.948
F1d 80.357 -8.400 -8.400 80.357 80.357
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 55.167 2.887 2.887 -55.092 -55.092
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion joint
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 just d/s of block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 0.438 -0.438 8.362 -8.362 Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.431 21.431 0.000 0.000
F7d 21.431 -21.314 -21.314 -2.240 -2.240
F8 0.247 0.013 0.013 -0.247 -0.247
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.956 0.000 0.000 541.956 541.956
SUM 1401.076 57.595 56.718 1111.044 1094.319
Horizontal force at
bend -4.944 -5.820
Vertical force at bend 569.088 552.364

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable
eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 2024.036 1989.273 KNm
d 1.822 1.818 m
e 0.322 0.318 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
pressure(Pa) 200.000 KN/m2
Pbase 190.000 198.878 KN/m2 SAFE
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Sliding
µ 0.500
H 57.595 56.718 KN
V 555.522 547.160 KN SAFE
check SH < µSV SH < µSV

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 14
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.558505 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.675 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  6.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 f
Support piers 0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d m
downstream Anchor block 10.875
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u m
upstream anchor block 12.383
Distance between two consecutive support
26 L2d m
piers downstream of anchor block 0.000
Distance between two consecutive support
27 L2u m
piers upstream of anchor block 0.000
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d m
Downstream Expansion Joint 0.000
Distance between Anchor Block to
29 L4u m
upstream Expansion Joint 0.000
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water perpendicular F1u 80.358 KN
1
to pipe F1d 70.961 KN
F1 151.320 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000 KN
2
Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000
3
Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 -55.167 KN
F4 KN
F4u KN acts along
0.000
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor
6 F5 0.000 KN
block in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 21.431
8 KN
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 KN
direction of moving water -0.247
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 62.538 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.884 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 80.358 -8.400 -8.400 79.918 79.918
F1d 70.961 0.000 0.000 70.961 70.961
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -55.167 -2.887 -2.887 55.092 55.092
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion joint
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
just d/s of block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 -0.438 0.438 -8.362 8.362
Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.314 21.314 2.240 2.240
F7d 21.431 -21.431 -21.431 0.000 0.000
F8 -0.247 -0.013 -0.013 0.247 0.247
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.884 0.000 0.000 541.884 541.884
SUM 823.189 50.683 51.559 741.980 758.704
Horizontal force at
-11.856 -10.979
bend
Vertical force at bend 200.096 216.821

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable
0.500
eccentricity(ea)
M 1275.573 1310.337 KNm
d 1.719 1.727 m
e 0.219 0.227 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 118.576 122.585 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Sliding
µ 0.500
H 50.683 51.559 KN
V 370.990 379.352 KN
check SH < µSV SH < µSV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 15
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.675 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  9.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and Support
19 f 0.250
piers
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d 5.091 m
downstream Anchor block
Half the distance from anchor block to upstream
25 L1u 10.875 m
anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support piers
26 L2d 0.000 m
downstream of anchor block
Distance between two consecutive support piers
27 L2u 0.000 m
upstream of anchor block
Distance between Anchor Block to Downstream
28 L4d 0.000 m
Expansion Joint
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 L4u 0.000 m
Expansion Joint
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1
Component of wt. of pipe & water perpendicular to F1u 70.961 KN
1
pipe F1d 32.811 KN
F1 103.772 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support Pier F2u 0.000 KN
2
per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
F2u 0.000
3 Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support Pier
F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 82.704 KN
F4 KN
F4u 0.000 KN acts along
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor block
6 F5 0.000 KN
in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe within F7u 21.431
8 KN
Expansion Joint F7d 21.431
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8 0.371 KN
direction of moving water
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 62.538 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.865 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 70.961 0.000 0.000 70.961 70.961
F1d 32.811 -5.133 -5.133 32.811 32.811
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 82.704 6.489 6.489 -82.449 -82.449
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion joint
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
just d/s of block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 0.985 -0.985 12.515 -12.515
Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.431 21.431 0.000 0.000
F7d 21.431 -21.167 -21.167 -3.353 -3.353
F8 0.371 0.029 0.029 -0.370 -0.370
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.865 0.000 0.000 541.865 541.865
SUM 914.112 65.172 63.202 571.980 546.951
Horizontal force at bend 2.634 0.664
Vertical force at bend 30.116 5.086

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable eccentricity(ea) 0.500
M 957.317 904.303 KNm
d 1.674 1.653 m
e 0.174 0.153 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 85.630 79.412 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 65.172 63.202 KN
V 285.990 273.475 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 16
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of eachPenstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 21.658 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  9.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  11.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m

Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and

19 f
Support piers
0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d
downstream Anchor block 28.926 m
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u
upstream anchor block 5.091 m
Distance between two consecutive support
26 L2d
piers downstream of anchor block 0.000 m
Distance between two consecutive support
27 L2u
piers upstream of anchor block 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d
Downstream Expansion Joint 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 L4u
Expansion Joint 0.000 m
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water perpendicular F1u 32.811 KN
1
to pipe F1d 185.279 KN
F1 218.090 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000 KN
2
Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000
3
Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 18.397 KN
F4 KN
F4u acts along
0.000 KN
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor
6 F5 0.000 KN
block in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe within F7u 21.431
8
Expansion Joint F7d 21.431 KN
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8
direction of moving water 0.082 KN
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 62.538 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 541.457 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 3.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 3.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 2.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 2.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.000 m
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 1.500 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 1.552 m
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 32.811 -5.133 -5.133 32.407 32.407
F1d 185.279 -35.353 -35.353 185.279 185.279
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 18.397 3.195 3.195 -18.117 -18.117
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 0.485 -0.485 2.750 -2.750 Negative
contraction
F7u 21.431 21.167 21.167 3.353 3.353
F7d 21.431 -21.037 -21.037 -4.089 -4.089
F8 0.082 0.014 0.014 -0.081 -0.081
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 62.538 62.538 62.538 0.000 0.000
Wb 541.457 0.000 0.000 541.457 541.457
SUM 963.426 25.876 24.907 742.958 737.458
Horizontal force at bend -36.662 -37.632
Vertical force at bend 201.501 196.001

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable
0.500
eccentricity(ea)
M 1240.510 1228.056 KNm
d 1.670 1.665 m
e 0.170 0.165 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 110.567 109.022 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 25.876 24.907 KN
V 371.479 368.729 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.

 Design Of Anchor Block 17
SN Description Symbol Value Unit Remarks
1 Discharge in Penstock Pipe Q 1.100 m3/s
2 Internal Diameter of each Penstock pipe d 0.800 m
3 Thickness of Penstock Pipe t 8.000 mm
4 Unit weight of water  9.810 KN/m3
5 Unit weight of Concrete c  25.000 KN/m3
6 Unit weight of Pipe material p 78.500 KN/m3
7 Unit weight of soil s 20.000 KN/m3
8 Soil Angle of Friction  32.000 0.559 stiff clays
o
9 Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Pipe a 0.000 /c
10 Young's modulus of Elasticity E 200000.000 N/mm2
11 Gross Head 103.650 m
12 Surge Head 3.300 m
13 Total Head htotal 106.950 m stiff clays
14 Volume of Block V 26.758 m3
15 Upstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  11.000
16 Downstream penstock angle wrt horizontal  0.000
17 Weight of Pipe Wp 1.594 KN/m
18 Weight of Water Ww 4.931 KN/m
Coefficient of Friction Between Pipe and
19 f
Support piers 0.250
20 Distance between two Support Piers 0.000 m
21 No. of Support Piers 0.000
22 Uphill ground slope i 0.000 0.000
23 Active soil pressure coefficient ka 0.334 h1-h2  1
Half the distance from anchor block to
24 L1d
downstream Anchor block 0.000 m
Half the distance from anchor block to
25 L1u
upstream anchor block 28.926 m
Distance between two consecutive support
26 L2d
piers downstream of anchor block 0.000 m
Distance between two consecutive support
27 L2u
piers upstream of anchor block 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to
28 L4d
Downstream Expansion Joint 0.000 m
Distance between Anchor Block to upstream
29 L4u
Expansion Joint 0.000 m
S.N. Applied Forces Calculation Symbol Value Unit Remarks
F1 KN
Component of wt. of pipe & water F1u 185.279 KN
1
perpendicular to pipe F1d 0.000 KN
F1 185.279 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000 KN
2
Pier per support pier F2d 0.000 KN
Frictional Force due to pipe sliding on Support F2u 0.000
3
Pier F2d 0.000
4 Hydrostatic force on bends F3 -101.031 KN
F4 KN
F4u acts along
0.000 KN
5 Component of wt of pipe acting parallel to pipe bisector of
F4d 0.000 KN bend
F4 0.000 KN
Thermally induced force restrained by anchor
6 F5 0.000 KN
block in absence of expansion joint
7 Frictional Force in Expansion Joint F6 80.000 KN
Hydrostatic Force on exposed ends of Pipe F7u 21.431
8
within Expansion Joint F7d 21.431 KN
Dynamic Force at the bend due to change in
9 F8
direction of moving water -0.453 KN
10 Force due to reduction in Pipe F9 0.000 KN
11 Force due to soil pressure upstream of the flow F10 122.575 KN
12 Weight of Block Wb 668.943 KN

S.N. Anchor block dimensions Symbol Value Unit

1 Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face 0.500 m
2 width of block w 3.000 m
3 Length of block L 4.000 m
4 Height of block at upstream end Hu 2.000 m
5 Height of block at downstream end Hd 3.000 m
6 Buried depth of block at upstream face h1 3.500 m
7 Buried depth of block at downstream face h2 3.000 m
8 Distance of bent from u/s face 2.600
9 Height of bent location from bottom of block hb 2.000 m
10 CG of block from u/s face 2.069
 Forces(KN) X-Component (KN)  Y-Component (KN) 
Remarks
Symbol Values Expansion Contraction Expansion Contraction
F1u 185.279 -35.353 -35.353 181.875 181.875
F1d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F2d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F3 -101.031 -9.683 -9.683 100.566 100.566
F4u 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F4d0, expansion
F4d 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 joint just d/s of
block
F5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Positive expansion,
F6 80.000 -1.470 1.470 -15.265 15.265
Negative contraction
F7u 21.431 21.037 21.037 4.089 4.089
F7d 21.431 -21.431 -21.431 0.000 0.000
F8 -0.453 -0.043 -0.043 0.451 0.451
F9 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
F10 122.575 122.575 122.575 0.000 0.000
Wb 668.943 0.000 0.000 668.943 668.943
SUM 998.175 75.632 78.571 940.659 971.188
Horizontal force at bend -46.943 -44.004
Vertical force at bend 271.716 302.246

Safety Against
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
Overturning
Allowable
0.667
eccentricity(ea)
M 2139.919 2225.175 KNm
d 2.275 2.291 m
e 0.275 0.291 m
check e < (ea) e < (ea) SAFE

Check on bearing
Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks
capacity
Allowable bearing
200.000 KN/m2 stiff clays
pressure(Pa)
Pbase 110.713 116.282 KN/m2
check Pbase < Pa Pbase < Pa SAFE

Safety Against Sliding Value Expansion Contraction Unit Remarks

µ 0.500
H 75.632 78.571 KN
V 470.329 485.594 KN
check H < µV H < µV SAFE

Hence the anchor block is stable.