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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the research design, the target population and sampling

procedures, the research instrument, the data collection and the data processing, and

statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This study is a descriptive relational type of research which used a one - shot

survey design. In this study, the personal profile of the respondents, the indigents and

LGU sponsored members in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment,

average family monthly income, and distance from the Health Center are described. Their

knowledge about the benefits and privileges in the Primary Care Benefit 1 (PCB1)

Package, their attitude towards the package and their utilization of it were measured and

analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between the respondent’s personal profile, their

knowledge, attitude and utilization were determined.

Study Population and Sampling

The target population of this study consisted of the enlisted and profiled indigents

and LGU sponsored members in Iloilo City. Excluded from the survey were the senile

and cognitively impaired individuals. There are nine (9) District Health Centers in Iloilo

City from where the respondents were drawn. Stratified Random Sampling was employed

to determine the sample of this study. The list of profiled and enlisted members was

obtained from each District Health Center, and also from the Philhealth Master List. Both

data were compared to check for accuracy. The total population of indigents and LGU
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sponsored program member in Iloilo City was 48,337 persons which comprised of the

enlisted and profiled members from different District Health Centers in Iloilo City. Using

the following sampling formula, the total sample size for this study is 397.

n = __N_
1+N (e) 2

Where: n = Sample Size,

N = Population Size and

(e) = margin of error at 0.05

The total sample size was then allocated to the different District Health Centers.

The sample per district health center was drawn using systematic sampling with a random

start. Every 10th name was picked from the list until the desired number of respondents

was reached.

Proportionate Allocation of Respondents according to the District Health Centers

District Health Centers Population Sample Size


Arevalo 7601 62
Bo. Obrero 5259 43
Jaro I 2197 18
Jaro II 7495 62
Lapaz 2224 18
Mandurriao 7737 64
Molo 6314 52
Sto. Rosario 7037 58
Tanza 2473 20
TOTAL 48, 337 397
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Instrumentation of the Study

Data were collected using a structured interview schedule, constructed based on

the specific objectives composed of four parts. The first part gathered data on the socio-

demographic profile of the respondents such age, sex, civil status, educational attainment,

average monthly family income and distance of their residence from the Health Center.

The second part contains questions on knowledge of the respondents about the benefits

and privileges and how they could avail of the services under the PCB 1 Package. It was

composed of ten questions answerable by true or false. The third part determined the

attitude of the respondents towards the PCB 1 Package. It was composed of a ten items

answerable by a 4 point scale of “strongly disagree”, “disagree”, “agree”, and “strongly

agree”. The fourth part determined the respondents’ extent of utilization of the benefits

and privileges under the PCB 1 Package. It was composed of 13 questions. The

respondents were given the choice of “yes” and “no” with screening questions for the

utilization.

Validity of the Questionnaire

The questionnaire underwent content validation and was submitted to a panel of

experts in the field of research, for accuracy, simplicity and clarity. Revisions were made

according to their suggestions, recommendations and comments before the conduct of the

actual survey. The questionnaire was translated to Ilonggo for the appropriate usage,

clarity, meaning and ease of use. Inconsistencies in the translation and different

understandings of concepts were discussed until a consensus was reached.


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Reliability of the Questionnaire

The knowledge questionnaire, the attitude questionnaire and the utilization

questionnaire were tested for reliability by pre-testing them among the indigent and LGU

sponsored members (five percent of the sample size) from different backgrounds who

were not part of the study. A test-retest method was utilized to determine the reliability of

the questionnaires. A corresponding tabulated result of Correlation Coefficient revealed a

value of 0.901 for the knowledge questionnaire, 0.724 for the attitude questionnaire and

0.821 for utilization questionnaire. These results were then presented to a statistician

whose recommendations were incorporated in the final copy of the questionnaire. The

values indicated that the questionnaire were reliable and could be used in the study.

Ethical Consideration

A letter was addressed to the PhilHealth Regional Vice President, the City Mayor

and the Medical Health Officer of every District Health Center, requesting for permission

to conduct the study in the locality. A letter of consent and confidentiality was attached to

each questionnaire. The purpose and objective of the study were explained to the

respondents and they were assured of the confidentiality of the data they provide which

will be strictly used for the purpose of this study only.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher trained three assistant researchers together with the staff

recommended by the each District Health Center since they know the respondents and the

location of their homes. They were given an orientation on how to conduct an interview

and simulated an interview process. They were also given the right to appoint an
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authorized representative if they wish. They were informed that their participation was

voluntary and they could stop the interview at any time they wish. They were also given

ample time to respond to the interview. All responses were reviewed after each set of

questionnaire was received. Inconsistencies were clarified with the respondents, after

which, the questionnaires were scored and the data were tabulated.

Statistical Treatment and Data Analysis

The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software program was used to analyze

the data. A statistician was consulted before the implementation of the survey and data

analysis.

Descriptive statistics included the use of frequency counts and percentages to

present data about the personal profile such as age, sex, civil status, educational

attainment, average monthly family income and distance from District Health Center of

the respondents, as well their distribution according to level of knowledge, attitude and

their extent of utilization of their benefits and privileges under the Primary Care Benefit 1

(PCB1) Package. The inferential statistics employed to determine the relationship

between age, educational attainment, average monthly family income, place of residence

from the District Health Center and the level of knowledge as well as to the attitudes

towards benefits and privileges of PCB 1 Package was Gamma, for sex and civil status in

relationship to the level of knowledge as well also to the attitudes towards Primary Care

Benefit 1 (PCB1) Package Cramer’s V was utilized.

For the relationship between age, educational attainment, average monthly family

income, distance from the District Health Center in relation to their utilization Gamma
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was used. Moreover, the relationship between sex and civil status in relation to their

utilization of their benefits and privileges Cramer’s V was used. Gamma was employed

to determine the relationship between level of knowledge and attitude, level of

knowledge and extent of utilization, attitude and extent of utilization and between level of

knowledge and extent of utilization when attitude is controlled.

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