CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION
 AIM OF THE PROJECT
 APPARATUS
 APPLICATION
 CONCLUSION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION

This project is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the free energy

provided by nature in the form of solar energy. In this project we utilized the
solar energy to run a car. Solar cars are a special type of electric vehicle that
only get their power from the sun. They use solar cells on the surface of the car
to produce electricity and the electricity makes a motor turn, and that turns
the wheels.

Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) panels convert the sun's rays into

electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells using the photons of light
from the sun. Solar photovoltaic cells consist of a positive and a negative
film of silicon placed under a thin slice of glass. As the photons of the
sunlight beat down upon these cells, they knock the electrons off the
silicon. The negatively-charged free electrons are preferentially attracted
to one side of the silicon cell, which creates an electric voltage that can
be collected and channeled. This current is gathered by wiring the
individual solar panels together in series to form a solar photovoltaic
array.
 AIM OF THE PROJECT

To understand the solar energy and it’s usage in our daily life.

APPARATUS

 Solar Array
 Electric Motor
 Speed Controller
 Battery
 Wheel
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR CAR
Solar cars harness energy from the sun by
converting it into electricity. Photovoltaic cells
are the components in solar panels that
convert the sun's energy to electricity. They're
made up of semiconductors, usually silicon,
that absorb the light. The sun’s energy frees
electrons in the semiconductors, creating a
flow of electrons. That flow generates
electricity that powers the battery and the
specialized motor in solar cars.
.
 ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR CAR

With the fuel options getting limited, there will be time when
the world will have to look for other fuel options. That is the
reason why we are seeing different automakers working on
alternative fuel.
1. Eco-friendly and Quiet: Solar-powered vehicles have zero
emission level, as they don’t utilize non-renewable resources
and burn fuel. The electric motors generate electricity that
doesn't emit any greenhouse gases or any other pollutants.
These cars are quieter than the vehicles powered by
conventional fuels, which don't cause noise pollution as well.
2.Energy Availability: Solar cars derive their power from the
sun, indirectly, that always shines and provides endless
energy. The efficient solar panels can produce and store more
horsepower for the vehicle.
3.No Fuel Costs: Unlike the conventionally fueled vehicles,
solar vehicles have no fuel costs and a low cost of
maintenance.
4.Driving Comfort: Having aluminum and lightweight
components, the solar-powered cars run faster and more
smoothly than petrol and diesel engine vehicles.
 SOLAR PLATE

Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate
electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-
based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells. The structural (load carrying)
member of a module can either be the top layer or the back layer. Cells must
also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are
rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on thin-film cells are also available. The cells
must be connected electrically in series, one to another.

A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and it is its output
interface. Externally, most of photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors type to
facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the system. Also, USB
power interface can be used.

Module electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output

voltage or in parallel to provide a desired current capability (amperes). The
conducting wires that take the current off the modules may contain silver,
copper or other non-magnetic conductive transition metals. Bypass diodes may
be incorporated or used externally, in case of partial module shading, to
maximize the output of module sections still illuminated.
Some special solar PV modules include concentrators in which light is focused
by lenses or mirrors onto smaller cells. This enables the use of cells with a high
cost per unit area (such as gallium arsenide) in a cost-effective way.

Solar panels also use metal frames consisting of racking components, brackets,
reflector shapes, and troughs to better support the panel structure.
 MOTORS

Motor is an device which convetrs elecrical energy into mechanical energy.

The principle of electric motor is when a current carrying conductor is placed in

a magnetic field it experiences a force. In case of dc motor we have field
windings on stator and armature on the rotor. The field and the armature are
connected to the dc supply. The field winding generates a constant dc flux. The
armature conductor which carries current experiences force and the direction
of this force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule. Thus the motor starts rotating.
 Neccessity of solar car
 It will create any pollution
 It will save non-renewable fuels like petrol,diesel etc.
 It will provide 100% efficiency
 It has low maintenance cost
 CONCLUSION

The making of solar car made us realize that

it is very practical to make a solar car and
also use in our daily life.

On successful implementation of solar car,

the problem of global warming will reduce
to great extent.
 Acknowledgement

 Head, Department of Physics

 Moses J. Kartha sir for guidance
 Friends for support and
encouragement
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