“Leachate Management and Reuse”

Project phase-I
Project report on

“LEACHATE MANGEMENT AND REUSE”

In the partial fulfilment of the requirement for Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering

Submitted by

Dnyaneshwar Rajendra Bhosale (B150460010)

Ganesh Dada Deshmukh (B150460020)

Gaurav Suhas Deshpande (B150460023)

Rushikesh Vasant Kale (B150460051)

Guided by

Prof. D.M Jade

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

G.H RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Savitribai Phule Pune University,Pune

2018-2019

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G.H RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING AND MANAGEMENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

(SAVITRIBAI PHIULE PUNE UNVERSITY)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the following students have satisfactorily carried out the first
semester B.E. project work “Leachate management and reuse”. This work is being
submitted in the partial fulfilment of the presented syllabus of Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune for the academic year 2018-2019(Sem-I).

Examination Seat No. Name of Student

B150460010 Dnyaneshwar Rajendra Bhosale

B150460020 Ganesh Dada Deshmukh

B150460023 Gaurav Suhas Deshpande

B150460051 Rushikesh Vasant Kale

Prof. D.M Jade Prof. Prashant Jogdand Dr. A.G Dahake

(Guide) (Project Co-ordinator) (H.O.D Civil)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is great pleasure for us to submit this seminar report on “Leachate Mangement

and Reuse”, as a part of curriculum for award of “Bachelor in Civil Engineering” with at
G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering & Management, Pune.
We would like to thank our H.O.D. Dr. A. G. Dahake for giving us this
opportunity to represent our Project Phase I report.
We are thankful to our seminar guide Prof. D.M. Jade, Lecturer in Civil
Engineering Department for his constant encouragement and able guidance. We are
thankful to Prof. Prashant Jogdand, Project Co-ordinator, Civil Engineering
Department, for their valuable support.
We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude towards those, who
have helped us in various ways, for preparing our project.

Pune
Date: 17/12/2018

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INDEX

Sr.No Content Page No

1. INTRODUCTION 7

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Problem Statement 8

1.3 Objectives 9

1.4 Scope of Project 9

1.5 Necessity of Project 9

1.6 Limitation of Study 9

1.7 Expected Outcome 9

2.LITERATURE REVIEW 10

2.1 Amra Serdarevic 10

2.2 C.Madera, Viviana Valencia-Zuluagathe 10

2.3Timothy G. Townsend 11

2.4Environmental Approvals / Environmental Stewardship 12

2.5 Bikash Adhikari 13

2.6 Sachin Jaiveersingh Yadav & Sunil Bhimrao Thakare 13

2.7 S. Baig, R. Jenny 14

2.8 Chi Kim Lim 15

2.9Bhavani S1, M.V Kanthi2 15

2.10 Dr. BP Naveen 16

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3. Methodology 17

3.1 Methodology 17

3.2 Flow chart 22

3.3Schedule of project 23

4. References 24

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LIST OF FIGURE Page No

Figure no. 1: Leachate Collection 7

Figure no.2 : Site visit 17

Figure no.3: Leachate treatment system 17

Figure no.4: Under drainage system 19

LIST OF TABLE
Table No.1: Properties of leachate 20

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction:
A Leachate is any liquid that in the course of passing through matter extracts
soluble or suspended solids or any other component of the material through which it has
passed.
Leachate is widely used term in the environment sciences where it has specific meaning of
a liquid that has dissolved or entrained environmentally harmful substances that may then
enter the environment harmful substances that may then enter the environment. It has
most commonly used in the context of land filling of putrescible or industrial waste.
In the narrow environment environment context leachate is therefore any liquid material
that drains from land or stockpiled material and contains significantly elevated derived
from the material that it has passed through.

Fig.1 Leachate Collection

Leachate from a landfill varies widely in composition depending on the age of the landfill
and the type of waste that it contains. It usually contains both dissolved and suspended

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material. The generation of leachate is caused principally by precipitation percolating

through the waste deposited in a landfill. Once in contact with decomposing solid waste,
the percolating water becomes contaminated, and if it then floes out of the waste material
it is termed Leachate. Additional leachate volume is produced this decomposition of
carbonaceous material producing methane, carbon dioxide and a complex mixture of
organic acids alcohols and simple sugars.
When water percolates through waste, it promotes and assists the process of
decomposition by bacteria and fungi. These processes in turn release by product of
decomposition and rapidly use up any available oxygen, creating an anoxic environment.
In actively decomposing waste, the temperature rises and the pH fails rapidly with the
result that many metal ions that are relatively insoluble at neutral pH become dissolved in
the developing leachate. The decomposition processes themselves releases more water,
which adds to the volume of the leachate. Leachate also reacts with materials that are
prone to decomposition themselves, such as fire ash, cement based building materials and
gypsum based materials changing the chemical composition. In the sites with large
building waste, especially those containing gypsum plaster, the reaction of leachate with
the gypsum can generate large volumes of hydrogen sulphide, which may be released in
the leachate and may also form a large component of the landfill gas.
The physical appearance of leachate when it emerges from a typical landfill site is a
strongly odour black, yellow or orange coloured cloudy liquid. The smell is acidic and
offensive and may be very pervasive because of hydrogen nitrogen and sulphur rich
organic species such as mercaptans.

1.2 Problem Statement:

Sanitary land filling is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes. An
important problem associated to landfills is the production of leachate.
1. Leachate channelling (combined treatment with domestic sewage, recycling).
2. Biological processing (aerobic and anaerobic).
3. Chemical/Physical treatment (flotation, coagulation/flocculation. Chemical
precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange and electrochemical treatment).
4. Membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultra filtration and reverse osmosis).

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1.3 Objectives :
1. Eliminate environmental impacts
2. Satisfy regulatory norms for leachate discharge.
3. To ensure that leachate should not enter in ground.
4. Disposing the leachate safely.

1.4 Scope of the project:

There are various opportunities in environmental engineering for treating the leachate.

1.5 Necessity of study :

1. Treating the leachate so, it will not cause problem to the environment.
2. Collecting the leachate before it will enter in the ground.
3. More important you don’t care about our environment; the more it will become
polluted with contaminants and toxins that have a harmful impact on our health.

1.6 Limitations of study :

1. Leachate can be treated in limited capacity.
2. Leachate can be treated in within a time otherwise more amount toxic contaminants
Increases.
3. Cost of leachate testing is slightly high.
4. Well knowledge about treatment works should be appointed.

1.7 Expected outcome:

Expected outcome will be treated leachate which is used in the context of landfilling of
putrescible or industrial waste also in watering outdoor plotted plan.

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CHAPTER 2

2. LITERATURE REVIEW.

2.1Amra Serdarevic(2018)
Discussed the conventional design criteria for sewage wastewater treatment is not
appropriate for landfill leachate treatment design. Main challenges for leachate treatment
are related to discharging limits and providing a stable treatment plant operation. The
system should be flexible for the different situation at the landfill and for quick
adjustments of treatment steps due to the changes in leachate quality. Main classification
of the technical solution and technology classification for leachate management and
treatment on the site or at the leachate treatment plant (LTP) could be divided into
following groups:
1. Leachate treatment on the site or transfer to the central wastewater treatment plant:
leachate lagooning and recirculation into the landfill body or at the surface, combined
leachate with the domestic sewage system and treatment at the wastewater treatment
plant.
2. Biological processes: different combinations of the aerobic and anaerobic pro-cesses,
3. Chemical and physical processes: chemical oxidation, adsorption on activated carbon,
chemical precipitation, coagulation, flocculation, air striping.
4. Membrane processes: reverse osmosis (RO), membrane combination with
bi-ological treatment (MBR), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF).
5. Thermal processes: evaporation.
`
2.2 C.Madera, Viviana Valencia-Zuluagathe (2011)
The main objective of the proposal is to evaluate at pilot-scale phytoremediation of the
leachate from Presidente Regional Landfill (Buga, Colombia), using sub-surface
constructed wetlands. To meet this objective, it has settled the following specific
objectives to develop:
1.To analyze the influence of the variation of vegetal species and support medium on the
SSCW performance for leachate treatment with reuse purposes.

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2.To analyze the rizosferic ecosystem generated inside the wetlands operated at different
vegetal species and support mediums.
3.To propose schemes for leachate reuse

To meet the research objectives, three phases has been raised:

Phase I: In this phase it will be made the recognizing of the researching place (Presidente
landfill) and a complete characterization of the leachates to be treated at the wetland units
with the aim of determine its polluting power and to set some design variables. The most
deep literature review will be done at this phase, including past experiences regarding the
treatment of these leachates and characterizations previously achieved. In this stage also
an inventory of native plants will be made in order to select the research plants.
Phase II: This phase include the design and the hydraulic check of the wetlands, the
inventory and purchase of the required materials for the implementation, and the
installation (construction), startup, testing and adjustments of the pilot units. The four
units will be operated at the same time in order to get a better statistical analysis
comparing the wetlands.
Phase III: After the four units are operating at the required conditions, all the
measurements will be made at this phase. To analyze the influence of the variation of
vegetal species and support medium on the SSCW performance, the parameters to be
measured as response variables are: Total Carbon Organic (TOC), Biological Oxygen
Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS),
Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Electric Conductivity (EC), Nitrogen Total
Kjeldahl (NTK), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (N-NH3), Nitrites (NO3-), Phosphates (P-PO4)
Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr+6).

2.3Timothy G. Townsend,(2015)
This report was to provide information useful to the Florida solid waste management
community with respect to the on-site management of leachate. A database of current
leachate treatment approaches at Florida landfills was updated. Leachate was sampled
from 14 lined landfills in Florida and characterized for their chemical profiles, particularly
as they relate to leachate treatment. This leachate analysis was complimented by an

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update of a database of Florida landfill leachate quality. Both evaluations included a

specific focus on the differences in leachate chemistry among different landfill types,
especially those containing different amounts of WTE ash. Observations from these
studies include the following.
1.While most landfill leachate continues to be disposed of at off-site wastewater treatment
facilities, an increased number of landfills manage their leachate on-site (22%). A notable
trend in on-site leachate management compared to the last study is an increased use of on-site
deep-well injection of leachate.
2. The database suggests that ash landfills have higher concentrations of barium, selenium,
calcium, sodium, chloride, TDS, and conductivity when compared to other landfill types.
3. The database also suggests that ash leachates tend to be lower in benzene, alkalinity, TOC,
and ammonia.
4. Leachate from ash landfills often has an unexpectedly high COD concentration; however,
the high concentration measurements are influenced by interferences and inorganic
contributors to COD based on TOC measurements.

2.4 Environmental Approvals / Environmental Stewardship(2016)

It tellsone of the simplest and most preferred ways to manage leachate is through lined
leachate evaporation ponds. The ponds are used to collect leachate in a cell by extracting
it from the waste containing landfill cell using a leachate collection system. These
leachate cells may be lined with a synthetic material or with a clay liner in order to
prevent the leachate from permeating the soils underneath. The liner system may also be
similar to the one used in the cell of the landfill.
A common practice in the leachate pond is to use floating aerators. This helps provide
some treatment and reduce odours by keeping the ponds from becoming anaerobic, and
may increase evaporation for volume reduction. The amount of yearly evaporation will
depend on temperature, precipitation and humidity. Sludge from the bottom of the pond
may need to be removed periodically and deposited within the landfill cell or other
approved location.
An effective method for leachate treatment is to recirculate the leachate back through the
landfill. This is done to provide leachate treatment within the waste, increase waste
settlement leading to more efficient use of land airspace, and to accelerate waste

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degradation. As well, this avoids leachate being transported to a WWTP for treatment and
disposal, and increases landfill gas generation rates for potential energy recovery.

2.5 Bikash Adhikari (2015)

Broadly, there are 3 aspects of physical process of landfill. Compaction, dissolution and
absorption are the steps involved in physical process of the fill. The process of settlement
and compression goes together. Similarly, dissolution and transport are closely associated
phenomena, although not to the same degree as compression and settlement. All
components of the buried fills are subjected to these three processes. Compaction is the
process that starts with the compression and size reduction of the particles by compacting
mechanism and it goes on after the waste is in place . The continuing compression is due
to the weight of the wastes and that of the soil cover (burden). Sifting of soil and other
fines are responsible for some consolidation. Settling of the completed fill is an end result
of compression. This settling is in addition to the settlement brought about by other
reactions (e.g., loss of mass due to chemical and biological decomposition).
The greater part of decomposition that occurs directly after the wastes are buried is
aerobic. It continues to be aerobic until all of the oxygen (O2) in the interstitial air has
been removed. The duration of the aerobic phase is quite brief and depends upon the
degree of compaction of the wastes, as well as the moisture content since the moisture
displaces air from the interstices. Microbes active during this phase include obligate as
well as some facultative aerobes. Because the ultimate end products of biological aerobic
decomposition are “ash”, CO2 and H2O, adverse environmental impact during the aerobic
phase is minimal. Although intermediate breakdown products may be released, their
amounts and contribution to pollution usually are small.

2.6 Sachin Jaiveersingh Yadav & Sunil BhimraoThakare(2018)

The article can be concluded that cow dung helps in improving the ecosystem of soil and
also helps in increasing the Ph of acidified soil and leachate as it help to increase the pH
of acidic water flowing through it, ultimately helps in treatment of polluted soil and to
increase the pH of acidic leachate. If pH of soil increases ultimately it will help in
increasing the pH of acidic leachate flowing through it. Hence it is helpful in treating the

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acidic leachate. It helps in supplying nutrients to polluted soil. The cow dung remediation
for polluted soil is not only beneficial to farmers whose soil got polluted with the help of
chemical pesticides but also beneficial to those people who want to live in harmony with
nature. It is an eco-friendly method of treatment which is cheaper one. Cow dung is used
for biogas manufacturing, plastering, sacred ceremonies, etc. Cow importance is also
mentioned in olden Vedic scriptures and hence cow should be protected in our society.
Now further work should be done in case of bioremediation by cow dung. Hence cow
dung is helpful in improving the ecosystem of soil.

2.7 S. Baig, R. Jenny(2015)

The study in article shows that broad knowledge of leachate organic matter composition
and stability related to available treatment methods effectiveness determines appropriate
treatment lines in order to meet regulatory requirements for discharge. The case studies
here reported display the suitability of biological process rightly combined with physio-
chemical ones for intermediate to aged landfill leachate treatment. With regardto
conventional parameters (COD, BOD5, TKN, SS) behaviour, relative efficiencies
ofcoagulation - flocculation, biological treatment and chemical precipitation areconnected
to the specific nature of affected contaminants. Subsequent to this commonpretreatments
line, final ozonation once achieves substantial mineralisation of residualorganic matter
without apparent reactivity limit.

2.8 Chi Kim Lim (2016)

A novel system consisting of ASBR and zeolite adsorption was proposed for the
treatment of landfill leachate, and achieved outstanding performance for advanced
ammoniacal nitrogen removal. This system was able to remove 96 % of ammoniacal
nitrogen and 43 % of COD that presence in leachate. In addition, the system also
demonstrated the removal of heavy metals (aluminium, plumbum, magnesium, etc.) found
in leachate. Summing up, this combined biological–physical treatment significantly
removing the contaminants that exist in leachate. This process is then feasible as an option
for leachate treatment.

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2.9Bhavani S1, M.V Kanthi2 (2017)

For the leachate treatement, the sample of leachate were collected and analyzed for its
characteristics such as BOD5@ 200C, COD, sulphates, Turbidity, Total solids, Total
dissolved solids, Total suspended solids, to estimate its pollution potential. It is estimated
that the sample of leachate contains high amount of organic and inorganic substance
beyond the permissible limits. Therefore the leachate has to undergo treatment to reduce
the pollutants before discharging in to receiving system. Fenton process is most effective
in degradation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter in landfill leachate.
The sample of leachate is collected from MSW disposal site at Turmurai and was treated
by fenton process using 5cm, 10cm and 15cm swarf depth. Fenton treatment at optimized
conditions (pH3, Flow rate at 4ml/min, reaction time 30min) removed 180mg/l of BOD,
470mg/l of COD, 750mg/l of TS, 440mg/l of TDS, 310mg/l of TSS, 70mg/l of sulphates,
16NTU of Turbidity, 28mg/l of BOD, 240 mg/l of COD, 470mg/l of TS,310mg/l of TDS,
160mg/l of TSS, 50mg/l of sulphates, 12NTU of turbidity and 210mg/l of BOD, 660mg/l
of COD, 550mg/l of TS, 220mg/l of TSS, 330mg/l of TDS, 13NTU of turbidity, 61mg/l of
sulphates for 5cm,10cm and 15cm swarf depth respectively. Removal of pollutants is high
for 10cm swarf when compared to 5cm and 15cm swarf depth. The obtained final
effluents characteristics shows that the treated leachate can be utilized to land for
irrigation purpose.

2.10 Dr. BP Naveen(2014)

Leachate sample of Mavallipura landfill has shown high concentration of organic
and inorganic constituents. Heavy metals concentration was in trace only indicating
that the waste dumped is predominantly municipal waste. The leachate is found to
have significantly high salinity and alkalinity as reflected in their values for
conductivity, TDS, alkalinity and pH. Hence the leachates were considered to contain
significant loads of contaminats to pose threat to the underlying ground water aquifer. The
BOD3/COD ratio suggested that the landfill leachate is medium aged leachate. Based on
the different chemical parameters in landfill and surrounding water bodies shows that the
effect of leachate is seen in the nearby water bodies. There is a tendency of leachate
migration to the soil and water resources. This can result in contamination of the soil,

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surface water and subsurface water resources. The growth of algae in the water bodies is
the confirmation of the leachate effect on the water bodies.

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Chapter 3
3.1 Methodology:
Stage 1) Visit to solid waste disposal plant

Basic information about leachate is collected through visit at solid waste treatment plant
which is located at Moshi, Pune.

Fig 2: Site Visit

Fig 3:Lechate Treatment Plant

At starting of treatment plant solid waste is first sorted and then treated, then
disposed or dumped at dumping site and then leachate is collected through under drainage
system. Collected leachate is transported to leachate treatment plant.

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Stage 2) Collection of leachate

The best practice is to operate landfill sites on the basis of con-tainment to prevent
leachate polluting groundwater and also to avoid problems of landfill gas migration. Such
solutions allow accumulation of filtrate at the base of the landfill. Hence there is a need to
remove the leachate from the base of the site and to treat it in an environmentally
acceptable manner. Drainage system for collecting leachate must be arranged on the
landfill base and on the sloping areas. The leachate collecting system should include the
following components: drainage layer (blanket) constructed of either natural granular
material (sand, gravel) or synthetic drainage material (e.g. geonet or geocomposite),
perforated pipes for leachate col-lection, protective filter layer over the drainage blanket,
leachate monitoring points and leachate collection tank for equalization before its inflow
into the leachate treat-ment plant.

Fig. 4 Under-Drainage System for Leachate Collection

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Stage 3) To study the properties of leachate

Leachate mainly consists of trace metals, major elements, organic compounds

and microbiological components carrying both dissolved and suspended materials. The
typical composition of leachate from new and mature landfills includes:

• 5-day biochemical • pH
oxygen demand (BOD5)

• Total organic carbon • Total hardness as CaCO3

(TOC)

•Chemical oxygen demand • Calcium

(COD)

• Total suspended solids • Magnesium

(TSS)

•Nitrate • Potassium

•Total phosphorous • Sodium

• Alkalinity as CaCO3 • Chloride

• Total iron • Lead

Table 01. Properties of Leachate

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By performing above tests, according to result objectionable properties will found

out and accordingly suitable treatment method will be decided. As well as type and
quantity of organic matter such as cow dung is then studied.

Stage 4) Treating Leachate:

We will study above properties and decide the procedure to treat the
leachate, Like to do aeration due to which biological impurities will be removed, add cow
dung to remove lead, do sedimentation.

Treating by adding cow dung.

Treating by using culture.
Treating by using cow dung mixed soil layer.

Stage 5) Final Study of Leachate properties:

After purifying the leachate we will again find out properties

of leachate, to know whether leachate can be recycled or reuse.

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Flow Chart

Start

Selection of
topic

Literature Review

Visit and
Collection

Leachate Testing

Treating of
Leachate

Analyzing
properties

Comparison of
treating method

Output

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3.3 Schedule of Work

Activity \ Month
of 2018-19 July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19
Literature Review

Scope , Need ,
Objective And
Problem statement

Visit and leachate

collection

Leachate Testing

Treating of

leachate

Analyzing
properties

Comparison of
treating method

Discussion

Final Report
Writing

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References:

1. Arena,U., Mastellone, M.L., Camino, G & Boccaleri, E. 2006. An innovative

process for mass production of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by means of pyrolysis
of polyoefins. Polymer Degradation and stability, 91, 763-768
2. Mor, S., Ravindra, K., Dahiya, R. P. & Chandra, A. 2006. Leachate
Characterization and assessment of groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid
Waste Landfill Site. Environment Monitoring and assessment,118, 435-456.
3. Gupta, S., Mohan, K., Prasad , R., Gupta, S. & kunal, A. 1998. Soild waste
management in India: options and opportunites, Resources, Conservation and
recycling 24, 137-154.
4. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://wgbis.ces.iisc.er
net.in/energy/lake2014/theme7/T6_P3_Naveen.pdf
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content/uploads/2018/02/01-CE ved -Thakare.pdf&
6. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7890-0_11
7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228494057_Landfill_leachate_treatment
_one_of_the_bigger_and_underestimated_problems_of_the_urban_water_manage
ment_in_developing_countries
8. https://www.mft-koeln.de/applications-landfill-leachate-and-compost-water-
treatment?lang=en
9. https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/34323626_JG_Givaudan
10. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.dwa.gov.z
a/Documents/Policies WDD/Guidelines_for_LeachateControl.pdf&ved
11. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.essie.ufl.
edu/media/essieufledu/home/townsend/HC-On-Site-Leachate-Management-Final-
Draft-12-16-2016.pdf&ved

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12. https://www.google.co.in/url?q=https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/84
13/Rong.Li.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwipwJbL163fAhUWEn
IKHfCJD2kQFjAJegQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw3NPKkjgSwj6jE6JWgJTBOb

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