FADING

in the tropical region

Pierre Thomas Alcatel-Lucent – WT _EMEA CTO
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31 Juillet 2015

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• This document illustrates the fading activity affecting a MW link
operated in the Tropical Region.
• The field measurement records are processed on Back-Office and
results are then compare to the link budget prediction.
• Two fading sequences shows the flat fading caused by rain and the
multipath fading caused by the reflection of the radiowaves on the
atmospheric boundary layer.
• The estimation of the geoclimatic factor based on the local
climatology study combine with the topography and geography
studies confirm the good accuracy of the link performance
predictions
• The Alcatel-Lucent MW link provides the link Performance and
Power measurements with high accuracy to perform such detailed
study.

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Link Budget Calculation results

Link is operated with 256QAM

TFM: Thermal fade margin is low (28.7 dB)
SDIF: Space Diversity Improvement factor depends on Antenna separation
distance on each site
The Space Diversity improves the Quality Performance by about x30

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Fading records (January 2014)
• Typical fading distribution = Probability (% of
time) that RSL is higher than X (dBm) • The set of Power measurements extends along 2 days
during the wet winter season
Pink: RSL at Main Receiver Input
• There are 2 significant fading periods (see next pages):
Blue: RSL at Diversity Receiver Input
one during rain event
Yellow: Max of [RSL_M ; RSL_D] @ t
another with high selective multipath activity
t= (timing stamp)

-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80

100.000%

KAKENGE_Dir#5.1 REMOTE
10_10h 23_24-01-2014
10.000%

RxR
RxRD
M-R/RD
1.000%

0.100%

SDIF [Space Diversity

0.010%
Improvement factor]
CURRENT VALUE: 30
LBC is in-line
0.001%

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Flat fading sequence
• January is in the rain season
• Fading due to rain is affecting the 4 Receivers (2 per site) nearly uniformed
(dispersion below 5 dB on average)

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 • The radiowaves transported by Main to Main (Go
Multipath fading sequence and Return) paths are affected by very similar
fading sequence with high selective fading
amplitude (> 30 dB)
• Multipath fading generated by the • The radiowaves transported by Main to Div (Go
Atmospheric layering after sunset and Return) paths are affected by decorrelated
fading events: low probability to have high
selective fading at same time as Main to Main

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Space Diversity Improvement Calculation

• The Space Diversity improves the resistance to the selective Multipath fading as
shown in the previous pages
• The ITU has proposed the approximate function of the SDIF Improvement:

• This equation is used to calculate the link budget Performance presented in the
previous page
• If we compute the equation, it comes SDIFSITE A = 30.1 and SDIFSITE B = 31.3
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