Soal Esai I

Berikut ini adalah laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan. Lengkapilah laporan

keuangan yang terdiri dari Neraca (Balance Sheet), Laporan Laba Rugi (Income
Statement), Laporan Perubahan Ekuitas (Changes in Owners Equity) dan Laporan
Aliran Kas (Cash Flow Statement), dengan mengisi jawaban mulai dari nomor 1-
23.

Balance Sheet
ASSETS 20X2 20X1 Changes

Cash 50.000 400.000 (350.000) 1

Accounts Receivable 500.000 200.000 300.000 2

Inventories 1.300.000 650.000 650.000 3

Total Current Assets 1.850.000 1.250.000 600.000 4

Gross Fixed Assets 1.500.000 500.000 1.000.000 5

Accumulated
Depreciation 250.000 150.000 100.000 6

Net Fixed assets 1.250.000 350.000 900.000 7

Total Assets 3.100.000 1.600.000 1.500.000 8

LIABILITES & EQUITY -

Accounts Payable 150.000 50.000 100.000 9

Notes Payable 750.000 300.000 450.000 10

Total Current Liabilities 900.000 350.000 550.000 11

Long-Term Debt 1.350.000 600.000 750.000 12

Common-stock and Paid
in Surplus 0
(200,000 shares
outstanding) 600.000 600.000 -

Retained Earnings 250.000 50.000 200.000 13

Total 3.100.000 1.600.000 1.500.000 14

Income Statement
20X2 20X1
Net Sales 5.000.000 3.000.000
Cost of Goods sold 3.500.000 2.000.000
Depreciation 100.000 100.000
Selling & Administrative Expense 200.000 100.000
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes 1.200.000 800.000
Interest Paid 200.000 50.000
Taxable Income 1.000.000 750.000
Taxes (30%) 300.000 225.000
Net Income 700.000 525.000
Dividends 500.000 125.000
Addition to Retained Earnings 200.000 400.000

Changes in Owners Equity

20X2

Retained Earnings, 20X1 50.000 15

Addition to Retained Earnings 200.000 16
Retained Earnings, 20X2 250.000 17

Cash Flow Statement

Cash Flow From Operating
Activities 20X2
Net Income 700.000
(+) Depreciation 100.000 18
(+) Account Receivable (300.000) 19
(+) Inventories (650.000) 20
(+) Account Payable 100.000 21
(+) Notes Payable 450.000 22
Cash Flow From Operating
Activities 400.000 23

Cash Flow From Investing

Activities
(+) Purchasing Fixed Assets (1.000.000) 24

Cash Flow From Financing

Activities
(+) Longterm Debt 750.000 25
(+) Dividend (500.000) 26
Cash Flow From Financing
Activities 250.000 27

Increase (Decrease) Cash (350.000) 28

Cash, 20X1 (beginning) 400.000 29

Cash, 20X2 (ending) 50.000 30

31. Why does net profit increase (700,000) but the final cash balance decreases?
Answer: In 20X2, net income increased to 700,000 but the final cash balance
decreased to 50,000 because of the transactions that affect operating,
investing and funding activities as follows:
a. Cash receipts for operating activities due to adjustments:
 Increase in accumulated depreciation by 100,000
 Increase in debt by 450,000
b. Cash expenses for operating activities due to adjustments:
 Increase in receivables by 300,000
 Increase in inventory by 650,000
c. Cash expenditure on investment activities
 Purchase of fixed assets of 1,000,000
d. Cash receipts for funding activities
 Long-term debt of 750,000
e. Cash expenses for funding activities
 Payment of a cash dividend of 500,000

32. If you own the company, will you be satisfied by seeing an increase in profit?
Answer: Not satisfied, because there was a significant decrease in cash
balance of 350,000, which was 400,000 in 20X2 to 50,000 in 20X2.

33. If you pay attention to what activities are the most cash out? Analysis of causes
and consequences.
Answer: Investment activity, namely for the purchase of fixed assets. The
reason a company purchases fixed assets is because the company aims to
maintain and expand its operations so that it is expected to increase and
maintain the company's revenue and future cash flows. This transaction /
activity resulted in an increase in the fixed assets account on the balance sheet
but decreased the cash balance significantly during the year.

34. Compare cash flows from operating activities with net income. What does it
mean if the cash flow of operating activities is still positive.
Answer: If the cash flow of operating activities is still positive, it means that
the income earned can still cover the expenses that arise. With a positive
operating cash flow, companies can make new investments, pay interest, pay
off debt, and pay dividends. Or in other words, a positive operating cash flow
is an indicator that from its operations, the company can generate sufficient
cash flow to pay dividends, pay off loans, invest new ones without relying on
external sources of funds.

35. Where are the sources of financing activities and what are the sources of
funding? Is it right for the company to distribute dividends in 20X2.
Answer: Funding sources can be from issuing shares, bonds, long-term debt,
or other sources of capital instruments. The funds are used for example to
distribute cash dividends to shareholders, repay loans, etc. Not right, because
even though the company earns a fairly high profit compared to the previous
year, it is not balanced with an increase in the cash balance even though the
operating cash flow is positive.
36. The company's profit in 20X2 increased (700,000), while the company's assets
increased by 1,500,000. Explain why an increase in assets is greater than the
profit earned.
Answer: Because of an increase in the value of inventory and investment /
purchase of fixed assets and the recognition of receivables and accumulated
depreciation.

37. With the existing balance sheet conditions, calculate the company's liquidity in
20X1 and 20X2. What is the comparison of the condition of a company's
liquidity between 20X1 and 20X2 (increase or decrease)? What is the solution
to be taken?
Answer: To find out the company's liquidity, Current Ratio (CR) can be used
as follows:

CR (20X1) = Current assets X 100%

Current liabilities

= 1,250,000 X 100% = 357.14% or 3.57 times

350,000

CR (20X2) = Current assets X 100%

Current liabilities

= 1,850,000 X 100% = 250.56% or 2.06 times

900,000

Company liquidity declined compared to the previous year.

The solution is to utilize the maximum assets as effectively and effectively as

possible so that no one is unemployed, it can also reduce the amount of debt.