Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SAFETY
Compiled and delivered
by,
1.INTRODUCTION
2.TYPES OF HAZARDS IN AN INDUSTRY
3.SAFETY ASPECTS IN THE PHARMA INDUSTRY
4.CONCLUSION
• BP AMOCO Refinery is on
1,200 acres with 30 refinery
units and is 71 years old.
• Planning Stage
• Design stage
• Construction
• Pre commissioning / Commissioning
• Operations stage
• Decommissioning and abandonment.
1 ARSENIC 1
2 LEAD 2
3 MERCURY 3
4 VINYL CHLORIDE 4
5 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 5
6 BENZENE 6
7 CADMIUM 8
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
8 7
HYDROCARBONS
9
25-Aug-15 BENZO(A)PYRENE
SATARA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SATARA. 9 30
10 BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE 10
2.TYPES OF HAZARDS
• Fire hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Electrical hazards
• Mechanical hazards and
• pharmaceutical hazards.
Fire:
The self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel which
produces heat and light.
FIRE SENSORS
Preventive measures
Prohibition of smoking in manufacturing areas.
Oxygen present in the inflammable atmosphere may
be ↓by dilution with gases such as nitrogen, co2,steam
or combination of these.
Hazardous operation should be isolated
Eliminating the ignition sources
Using fire resistant material in construction
Suitable emergency exits
Adequate venting
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Fire & explosion hazards
Automatic sprinklers
Equipment should design to meet the specifications &
code of recognized authorities, such as ISA, API
&ASME
The design & construction of pressure vessels &
storage tanks should follow API & ASME codes.
Inspection
Class A Class C
(Fe) (Zn, Cu)
Class B Class D
(Sr) (Hg, Pb)
Toxicity
25-Aug-15 SATARA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SATARA. 53
Foulkes EC., Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 223: 234-40, 2000.
Exposure to Heavy Metals
Breathing vapors
death
Treatment of Ethylene
Glycol Toxicities
The stomach should be emptied by lavage
if ingestion of ethylene glycol was within
the preceding hour.
metabolic acidosis should be corrected
with sodium bicarbonate intravenously
and hypocalcaemia corrected with calcium
gluconate
Haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may
be of value
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BENZENE
Benzene occurs as a volatile, colorless, highly
flammable liquid that dissolves easily in water.
Chronic
Long-term inhalation of benzene causes disorders in
the blood in humans. specifically affects bone
marrow causing aplastic anemia.
Excessive bleeding.
Chronic
Chronic inhalation or oral exposure to carbon
tetrachloride produces liver and kidney damage in
humans and animals.
Birth defects have not been observed in animals
exposed to carbon tetrachloride by inhalation or
ingestion.
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Asbestos
Circuit tester
Receptance wiring tester.
PREVENTION OF ELECTRCAL HAZARDS
Grounding of electrical equipments
Prevention of static electricity
Bending and grounding
Humidification
Antistatic materials
Ionizers and electrostatic neutralizers
Radioactive neutralizers and
Magnetic circuit breaker.
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Electrical hazards
Shocks
Sparking
Fire
Wiring faults
Preventive measures
Proper maintenance of wiring & equipment
High voltage equipment should be properly enclosed
Good house keeping
Water should not be used for dousing electric fire
Worker should avoid working in electric circuits or
equipment in wet clothing or shoes.
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SAFETY ASPECTS IN ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Air pollution
Sources
Automobiles
Industries
Domestic
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Preventive measures
i. Those suitable for removing particulate matter
a. Ventilation
Exhaust ventilation
Plenum ventilation
b. Air purifying equipment
ii. Those associated with removing gaseous pollutants
Water pollution
1. Types of water pollutants
Physical
Chemical
Physiological
108 Biological 25-Aug-15 SATARA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
SATARA.
Preventive measures
2. Problems of water pollution
3. Preventive measure
a. Control of water pollution
i. Physical treatment
Storage
Filtration
ii. Chemical treatment
iii. Biological treatment
b. Treatment of industrial waste
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Tertiary treatment
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SATARA.
Preventive measures
c. Thermal pollution
Effects
Damage to aquatic environment
Reduction in assimilative capacity of organic waste
An awareness program