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Electrical Technology
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(EEA2020)
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Home Assignment : Applications of DC
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Machines and Permanent Magnet DC Motor
3/4/2019
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Quazi Warish Ahmad
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17MEB474
GK0190
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A2MB
Serial No. 36
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Submitted To: Mr. Mohammad Ali

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Applications of DC Machines
In the present day world, the electrical energy is generated in bulk in the form of an
alternating current. Hence, the use of DC machines, i.e., DC generators and motors
are very limited. They are mainly used in supplying excitation of small and
medium range alternators. The Industrial Applications of DC are in Electrolytic
Processes, Welding processes and Variable speed motor drives.

Applications of DC Motor
Various dc motors have various applications. Some of the dc motors
with their Applications are given as follows:
Series Motors: The series DC motors are used where high starting
torque is required, and variations in speed are possible. It is a variable
speed motor. The speed is low at high torque at light or no load, the
motor speed attains dangerously high speed. The motor has a high
starting torque. Here are some of the industrial applications of dc series
motors:
1. Cranes
2. Elevators
3. Air Compressor
4. Vacuum Cleaner
5. Hair drier
6. Sewing machine
7. Electric traction
Shunt Motors: The shunt motors are used where constant speed is
required and starting conditions are not severe. It is a constant speed
motor where the speed is required to remain almost constant from no
load to full load. Here are some industrial applications of dc shunt
motors:
1. Lathes
2. Drills
3. Boring mills
4. Shapers
5. Spinning and weaving machines
6. Automotive windscreen
7. Wipers
8. Drills
9. Lift
10. Fans
11. Blowers
12. Centrifugal pumps
Compound Motors: The compound motors are used where higher
starting torque and fairly constant speed is required. Here are some of
the applications:
1. Reciprocating machines
2. Presses shears
3. Shears
4. Rolling mills
5. Heavy planners
6. Conveyors

PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR

CONSTRUCTION: A DC Motor whose poles are made of Permanent

Magnets is known as Permanent Magnet DC (PMDC) Motor. The
magnets are radically magnetized and are mounted on the inner
periphery of the cylindrical steel stator. The stator of the motor serves as
a return path for the magnetic flux. The rotor has a DC armature, with
commutator segments and brushes.
The cross-sectional view of the 2 pole PMDC motor is shown in the
figure below.

90

OPERATION: The Permanent Magnet DC motor generally operates on

6 V, 12 V or 24 Volts DC supply obtained from the batteries or
rectifiers. The interaction between the axial current carrying rotor
conductors and the magnetic flux produced by the permanent magnet
results in the generation of the torque.
The circuit diagram of the PMDC is shown below.
 V E

E=kɸN -------------------------------------(1)
The electromagnetic torque equation is given as-
ɽ = k ɸ Ia -------------------------------------(2)
In Permanent Magnet DC motor, the value of flux ϕ is constant.
Therefore, the above equation (1) and (2) becomes
E = k1 N ------------------------------------(3)
ɽe = k1 Ia ------------------------------------(4)
Considering the above circuit diagram the following equations are
expressed.
V = Ea + IaRa ------------------------------------(5)
Putting the value of E from the equation (3) in equation (5) we get
V = k1N + IaRa or
N = ( V – IaRa )/k1

Where k1 = k ϕ and is known as speed-voltage constant or torque

constant. Its value depends upon the number of field poles and armature
conductor.
The speed control of the PMDC motor cannot be controlled by using
flux control method as the flux remains constant in this type of motor.
Both speed and torque can be controlled by armature voltage control,
armature rheostat control, and chopper control methods. These motors
are used where the motor speed below the base speed is required as they
cannot be operated above the base speed.

Advantages of Permanent Magnet DC

Motor over normal DC Motors:
Following are the advantages of the PMDC Motor.
1. They are smaller in size.
2. For smaller rating Permanent Magnet reduces the manufacturing
cost and thus PMDC motors are cheaper.
3. As these motors do not require field windings, they do not have
field circuit copper losses. This increases their efficiency.

Disadvantages of Permanent Magnet DC

Motors:
1. Permanent magnets cannot produce a high flux density as that as
an externally supplied shunt field does. Therefore, a PMDC motor
has a lower induced torque per ampere-turns of armature current
then a shunt motor of the same rating.
2. There is a risk of demagnetization of the poles which may be
caused by large armature currents. Demagnetization can also occur
due to excessive heating and also when the motor is overloaded for
a long period of time.
3. The magnetic field of PMDC motor is present at all time, even
when the motor is not being used.
4. Extra ampere-turns cannot be added to reduce the armature
reaction.