Prospects of Floriculture in Punjab

Dr. Malik Abid Mahmood

 Contents

1. Overview of Floriculture Industry

1.1 Main sub-sectors of Floriculture
2. World Scenario
3. Floriculture in Punjab
4. Challenges faced by Flower Industry
5. Opportunities
6. Major flowers grown in Punjab
7. Flower Markets in Punjab
8. Average Business Volume of Floriculture in Punjab
8.1 Saggian Flower Market
8.2 Pattoki Flower Market
8.3 Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market
9. Cost of Production & Income Statement of Cut Flowers
9.1 Cut Roses
9.2 SurkhaGulab
9.3 Motia
9.4 Carnation
9.5 Gerbera
9.6 Lilium
9.7 Marigold
9.8 Gladiolus
9.9 Tuberose
9.10 Statice
10. Collaboration with Netherlands
List of Plates
Plate 1: Dutch Flower Auction Clock at Aalsmeer
Plate 2: Marketing Channel of Cut Flowers in Netherlands
Plate 3: Area under Floriculture in Punjab
Plate 4: Gladiolus, Marigold, Tuberose, Cut Rose
Plate 5: Saggian, Pattoki, TheengMor&Tibba Sultan pur Flower Markets
Plate 6: Cut Flowers Supply Chain in Punjab
List of tables
Table 1: World Cut Flower Export Analysis
Table 2: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2014
Table 3: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2014
Table 4: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2015
Table 5: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2015
Table 6: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2016
Table 7: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2016
Table 8: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2017
Table 9: Saggian Flower Market Volume 2017
Table 10: Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2014
Table 11: Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2015
Table 12: Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2016
Table 13: Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2017
Table 14: Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2014
Table 15: Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2015
Table 16: Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2016
Table 17: Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2017
Table 18: Crop Wise Supply, Demand and Gap between Demand & Supply Analysis
Table 19: Local Production, Demand and Import Comparison
1. Overview of Floriculture Industry
All over the world floriculture is experiencing rapid changes. Globalization and its effects
on income generation have all contributed too much increase in per capita consumption of
flowers. Noticeable feature of global floriculture is the development and expansion of
floriculture in nontraditional areas. Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Japan have strong tradition
for growing and consumption of flowers. New floriculture production centers are developing in
Latin America, Africa and also in Asia to meet the demand of consuming countries and also to
expand domestic market. Emergence of new centers has made floriculture sector more
competitive.
1.1 Main sub-sectors of Floriculture:

1. Cut flowers
2. Loose flowers
3. Cut foliage
4. Potted plants
5. Bedding plants
6. Essential oils

The main representatives of cut flowers are Rose, Chrysanthemum, Tulip, and carnation. Cut
flowers and potted plants have an almost 80 % share of world trade in ornamental plant products.
Consumption of cut flowers is concentrated in three main regions, Western Europe, North
America and Japan. At present, USA having about one third of consumption has the largest share
of consumption, followed by Germany, Italy and France.

2. World Scenario
The value of world import/ export is increasing every year. Europe is the biggest market
for the import of floriculture products. The largest exporter of floriculture products is by far the
Netherlands with about 60 % share of international export. Next to Netherlands, Columbia,
Israel, Kenya and Ecuador are the biggest exporters. The total value of export of floriculture
products is 50 billion dollars (source: International Horticultural Producers Association (AIPH)).
 Total area under floriculture crops throughout the world is about 3 lac hectares. In the
plant nursery sector the first country in terms of area is China, with little less than 59,527 ha. In
Europe the leading countries in terms of area are Italy and Germany. The “European” area,
according to the AIPH definition is 44,444 ha, 90% of which is concentrated in the EU 12, with a
production worth € 9 billion.

The Netherlands is the largest exporter of cut flowers in the world and plays a dominant
role in the international trade of floriculture products and accounts for 60 % of cut flowers
production and 40 % potted plants production. About 80% of all flower bulbs traded worldwide
come from the Netherlands, the majority of which are tulips. Mostly flowers are grown under
glass. Many kinds of flowers are grown in Netherlands like Roses, Chrysanthemum, Tulips,
Lilies, Carnations, Gerberas, Freesia, Alstroemeria, Anthurium, Iris, Gladiolus etc.

Table 1: World Cut Flower Export Analysis

Sr.No. Country Export (%)

1 Netherlands 43
2 Germany 1

3 Italy 1

4 Belgium 1

5 China 1

6 Malaysia 1

7 Ethiopia 9

8 Ecuador 9

9 Kenya 11

10 Colombia 15

11 ROW(Rest of the World) 8

(Source: Research.rabobank.com)

Netherlands is also the biggest importer of floriculture products but these products are re-
exported. Flowers are imported by Netherland from Israel, Kenya, Colombia, Germany, France,
Ecuador, Zambia, Tanzania, Malawi, Uganda, Ethiopia, Australia& Costa Rica. There are about
12000 retail outlets in the country and the flowers are sold through Florists, Flower stalls, Super
markets, Garden centres etc. Almost all flowers are sold through auctions and there is no whole
sale market in the country. The largest flower auction centre in the country and also in the world
is ‘Aalsmeer Flower Auction’.

Flowers from all over the world (Europe, Ecuador, Colombia, Ethiopia, Kenya, etc.) are
traded on a daily basis at Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Aalsmeer sets the world price for flowers
and plants. This happens by bringing supply and demand together by means of the auction clock.
Each day, 19 million flowers and two million plants are sold through 13 clocks at
'BloemenveilingAalsmeer'. It takes place within an area of almost one million m2. Quality and
standards of flowers are exceptionally high in the country. The essential requirements for new
suppliers are continuity of supply throughout the export season and consistent quality standards.

Plate 1: Dutch Flower Auction Clock at Aalsmeer

 Plate 2: Marketing Channel of Cut Flowers in Netherlands

 Push strategy (supply driven) ----- Clock auction (70%)

 Pull strategy (demand driven)----- Mediation(30%)
3. Floriculture in Punjab
Pakistan is bestowed with diverse agro-ecological conditions. Different commercial
flowers can successfully be grown in different ecological zones of Pakistan. Cold winter months
curtail flower production on competitive basis because of high cost of production in Europe.
During these months the climate of Punjab offers a great opportunity to get advantage of this gap
by the export of flowers. Moreover it will cater for our domestic needs which are presently
imported thereby involving high expenditure in the form of foreign exchange.

In Punjab, cultivation of cut flowers is concentrated in peri-urban areas of big cities.

Pattokiis acting as hub for the production of ornamental plantsunrseries. Potted plants & cut
flowers are being supplied to different parts of the country from here. Other main areas under
flower cultivation are Saggian, TheengMor, Tibba Sultan Pur. Turf business concentrated in Ali
PurChatta area of Gujranwala.
 12000
10800

10000

8000
Area (Acre)

6000
5000

4000

1875
2000 1500
1000 900
500
25 100
0
Total Area Nursery Surkha Gulab Cut Rose Tube Rose Gladiolus Marigold Statice Mosmi Gul-e-
Daowdi

Flowers

Plate 3: Area under Floriculture in Punjab

4. Challenges faced by Flower Industry:
• Non-availability of infrastructure
• Poor postharvest handling Facilities
• Unavailability of disease free germplasm
• Production of low quality products due to lack of technical knowledge
• Unavailability of quality germplasm
5. Opportunities:
 Diverse agro-ecological conditions in Punjab.
 Availability of cheap labor.
 Exploring international markets niches for the export of Gladiolus, Tuberose and
SurkhaGulab petals.
 Exploitation of Dubai flower center being close proximity to Pakistan which not only
itself accepts different grades of floriculture products but also reduces the freight
charges.
 Identifying and exporting of indigenous flora.
  Introduction of dry flower technology can enhance the price value of dry flowers
especially the ‘Gruss-an-Teplitz’ which is being sold as raw and fetching less potential
price.
 Linkage with European market can be helpful to use marketing opportunities during
the months from November to April when the cost of production is high due to very
low temperature.
 Availing the opportunities for exporting Nursery plants especially to Middle East
countries
 Employment opportunity.
6. Major flowers grown in Punjab
 Surkhagulab
 Cut Rose
 Gladiolus
 Marigold
 Tuberose
 Statice
 MosmiGul-e-Daowdi

Marigold Gladiolus
 Cut Rose Tuberose
Plate 4

These flowers have a lot of potential as agribusiness. Specially, SurkhaGulab locally

called Grugan )is the major loose flower of Punjab which is consumed fresh & dried. Presently it
is being dried traditionally in open. By this method flower color (anthocyanin and other
pigments) is lost & the product quality is deteriorated. Due to the reason it fetches low price.
Dehydration technology can be exploited for dehydration of promising colorful flowers in its
original color. This technology will be helpful to develop dry flower industry in our country not
only to provide employment but also to explore export potential for value addition.

Local production of flowers is catering our domestic needs. Only at special events there
is shortage of flowers which can be handled by providing cold storage facilities at Flower
Markets. Major flowers being imported by Pakistan are Lilium, Gerbera, Chrysanthemum &
Carnation but their quantity is very small. Total export of flowers from Punjab is about 100 tons
which is SurkhaGulab in dry form. Cut flower and cut foliage are not exported from Pakistan due
to the reason that the quality of flower is not upto the international standards.

Potohar plateau is located in the north of Punjab and west of Azad Kashmir.Attock,
Jhelum, Chakwal and Rawalpindi Districts constitute the Potohar Plateau. River Jhelum and River
Indus pass through this plateau. Agriculture is dependent on natural rainfall mainly. Off season
cultivation of Gladiolus is already practiced in soon valley. Potential floriculture crops like cut
Rose, Gerbera,Lilium, Strelitzia, Lisianthus and Carnation can successfully be cultivated in soon
valley. Rosa centifolia is another import floriculture crop that can be cultivated in Potohar region
for Oil extraction.
7. Flower Markets in Punjab:
In Punjab, Main Flower Markets are at Pattoki, Chunian, Saggian and Tibba Sultan Pur.
Pattoki&Saggian flower markets are known for cut flowers & cut foliage. Remaining two mainly
deal with surkhaGulab trade.

Saggian Flower Market Pattoki Flower Market

TheengMor Flower Market Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market

Plate 5
 Plate 6: Cut Flowers Supply Chain in Punjab

8.Average Business Volume of Floriculture in Punjab

8.1 Saggian Flower Market

Table 2Saggian Flower Market Volume 2014

2014 Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose
Volume( Rate/stick Volume( Rate/stick Volume(No.) Rate/stick
No.) (Rs.) No.) (Rs.) (Rs.)
Jul 15000 18 25000 3 32666 1

Aug 20000 25 50000 3 65675 0.9

Sep 50000 24 16000 5 91235 0.98

Oct 17000 30 18000 7 76454 1

Nov 28000 29 7000 6 66274 0.9

Dec 85000 21 6000 5 165353 1

Table 3 Saggian Flower Market Volume 2014
Rose Marigold
2014
Volume(Mond) Rate/kg (Rs.) Volume(Mond) Rate/kg (Rs.)
Jul 120 104 14 30
Aug 118 49 15 23
Sep 175 92 16 30
Oct 184 130 20 27
Nov 187 111 50 30
Dec 165 130 56 27

Table 4Saggian Flower Market Volume 2015

Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose
2015 Rate/ stick Rate/ stick Rate/ stick
Volume (No.) Volume (No.) Volume (No.)
(Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.)
Jan 63500 18 1600 2 95903 1
Feb 82000 20 1200 4 135000 2
Mar 92500 15 7200 2 138690 2
April 131920 11 2400 3 181276 1
May 99000 10 11000 3 149000 1
Jun 9000 10 61000 1 14000 1
Jul 16000 17 26000 1 32000 1.25
Aug 25000 28 56700 1 69000 1.3
Sep 69489 26 16990 4 99000 1.5
Oct 18361 30 17000 5 76000 1.16
Nov 28000 21 9800 6 66150 2
Dec 85000 15 11023 4 170000 2
Table 5Saggian Flower Market Volume 2015
Rose Marigold
2015 Rate/kg
Volume(Mond) Volume(Mond) Rate/kg (Rs.)
(Rs.)
Jan 75 228 38 20
Feb 112 143 62 29
Mar 162 81 55 26
April 170 70 31 25
May 102 71 15 24
Jun 60 58 17 21
Jul 125 100 15 27
Aug 111 55 16 22
Sep 200 80 17 26
Oct 180 115 21 27
Nov 170 120 21 26
Dec 167 116 21 27

Table 6Saggian Flower Market Volume 2016

Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose
2016 Volume Rate/ stick Volume Rate/ stick Volume Rate/ stick
(No.) (Rs.) (No.) (Rs.) (No.) (Rs.)
Jan 65000 19 1500 3 97403 1.65
Feb 83000 20 1000 4 136000 4.13
Mar 93500 14 8000 4 139690 3.77
April 132920 10 2500 3.57 182276 2
May 100000 10 10000 2 150000 1
Jun 10000 9 60000 2 15000 1
Jul 17000 21 28000 2.2 33000 1.25
Aug 26000 30 57000 1.3 70000 1.3
Sep 70489 25 18000 6 100000 1.093
Oct 19361 33 16000 9 77000 1.16
Nov 29000 32 10000 7.66 67150 2.71
Dec 86000 20 11000 3.85 171000 2.77
Table 7 Saggian Flower Market Volume 2016
Rose Petals Marigold
2016
Volume (Mond) Rate/ kg (Rs.) Volume (Mond) Rate/ kg (Rs.)
Jan 80 250 42 22
Feb 115 130 65 30
Mar 100 85 60 27
April 70 72 35 26
May 110 75 17 23
Jun 59 60 16 22
Jul 135 98 8 28
Aug 123 64 20 25
Sep 204 86 16 24
Oct 189 120 23 26
Nov 176 125 30 27
Dec 171 120 28 25

Table 8 Saggian Flower Market Volume 2017

Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose
2017 Volume Rate/stick Rate/stick Rate/stic
Volume (No.) Volume (No.)
(No.) (Rs.) (Rs.) k (Rs.)
Jul 16500 17 27000 2 38000 1.1
Aug 26000 25 57700 1 75000 1
Sep 70489 23 20000 3 105000 1
Oct 19361 20 17000 6 82000 1
Nov 29000 30 11000 5 72150 2.5
Dec 86000 20 8000 6 176000 2.6

Table 9 Saggian Flower Market Volume 2017

Rose Petals Marigold
2017
Volume (Mond) Rate/kg (Rs.) Volume (Mond) Rate/kg (Rs.)
Jan 90 200 40 28
Feb 120 120 60 25
Mar 100 90 63 24
 April 85 75 40 26
May 112 80 20 27
Jun 65 67 21 25

8.2 Pattoki Flower Market

Table 10 Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2014

Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose
2014 Volume Rate/stick Volume Rate/stick Volume Rate/stick
(No.) (Rs.) (No.) (Rs.) (No.) (Rs.)
Jul 1200 6 14312 2 30230 1
Aug 2000 5 11424 1.5 31000 0.7
Sep 60630 15 11823 4 200000 1
Oct 55880 16 14000 5 190000 0.9
Nov 128000 20 4510 8 178000 1.5
Dec 118204 21 4840 8 185000 3

Table 11 Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2015

Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose
2015 Volume Rate/stick Volume Rate/stick Volume Rate/stick
(No.) (Rs.) (No.) (Rs.) (No.) (Rs.)
Jan 154800 11 100 2 265514 2
Feb 178800 12 500 2 237940 2
Mar 119200 9 560 1 156880 3
April 45000 9 1000 1.3 81440 0.4
May 17000 8 1000 1.5 45440 0.7
Jun 13784 6 12500 2 37188 0.4
Jul 1785 6 13000 1 18714 0.5
Aug 975 7 15424 2 15785 0.6
Sep 67446 17 17000 4 216440 1
Oct 49452 21 14500 3 175940 1
Nov 146746 20 5000 6 182440 2
Dec 143689 25 4500 7 181940 2
Table 12 Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2016
Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose

2016 Rate/s
Volume Rate/stic Volume Volume
tick Rate/stick (Rs.)
(No.) k (Rs.) (No.) (No.)
(Rs.)
Jan 188291 11.72 1100 1.54 266174 1.26
Feb 149000 16.75 500 1.25 239000 5
Mar 126000 11.93 500 1.28 158000 3.01
April 59598 7 1000 1.5 83000 0.4
May 23566 11 1000 2 47000 0.63
Jun 15000 5.83 13500 2 50248 0.38
Jul 1500 5 16314 1.73 32274 0.7
Aug 1300 4.83 14424 1.74 31769 0.73
Sep 70630 23 20243 6.93 234000 0.94
Oct 51880 21.83 15000 3.4 191000 0.84
Nov 158000 25.66 4610 8.37 188000 1.39
Dec 158204 24.93 5000 9.47 187000 2.37

Table 13 Pattoki Flower Market Volume 2017

Gladiolus Tuberose Cut rose

2017 Rate/ Rate/

Volume Rate/ stick Volume Volume
stick stick
(No.) (Rs.) (No.) (No.)
(Rs.) (Rs.)
Jan 193291 10 150 5 266324 1
Feb 154000 17 100 4 239151 3
Mar 131000 13 100 6 158152 2
April 64598 9 100 5 83153 0.5
May 28566 8 500 5 47154 0.6
Jun 20000 5 3000 6 50403 0.3
8.3 Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market

Table 14 Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2014

SurkhaGulab
2014 Price/40 Kg(Rs.) Volume (Monds)

July 5900 80
Aug 1700 90
Sep 5400 120
Oct 1700 120
Nov 2500 150
Dec 2900 60

Table 15 Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2015

SurkhaGulab
2015 Price/40 Kg(Rs.) Volume (Monds)
Jan 3300 110
Feb 650 155
Mar 840 300
April 1280 225
May 1611 170
June 1220 90
July 6050 100
Aug 1800 160
Sep 10300 120
Oct 1440 120
Nov 2400 150
Dec 3190 80
Table 16 Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2016
SurkhaGulab
2016 Price/40 Kg(Rs.) Volume (Monds)
Jan 3200 100
Feb 600 150
Mar 800 280
April 1200 200
May 1600 175
June 1200 55
July 6000 80
Aug 1600 90
Sep 5000 120
Oct 1400 120
Nov 2400 150
Dec 2800 60

Table 17 Tibba Sultan Pur Flower Market Volume 2017

SurkhaGulab
2017 Price/40 Kg(Rs.) Volume (Monds)
Jan 3000 120
Feb 1000 170
Mar 1200 300
April 1500 250
May 2500 200
June 2000 130
Table 18 Crop Wise Supply, Demand and Gap between Demand & Supply Analysis
Demand/Day Gap
Flower Supply/Day (Nos.)
(Nos.) (Nos.)
Cut Rose 300,000 Sticks 375,000 Sticks 75,000 Sticks

Gladiolus 200,000 Sticks 250,000 Sticks 50,000 Sticks

Tuberose 30,000 Sticks 40,000 Sticks 10,000 Sticks

Lilium No local production 2500 sticks 2500 sticks

Chrysanthemum -do- 3500 sticks 3500 sticks

Gypsophilla -do- 2500 sticks 2500 sticks

Others -do- 4000 Sticks 4000 Sticks

Table 19 Local Production, Demand and Import Comparison

Production/Year Demand /Year Import During 2016
Type of Flower
(Million) (Million) (Million)
Cut Rose 109.500 Sticks 136.875 Sticks 27.375 Sticks
Gladiolus 73.000 Sticks 91.250 Sticks -
Tuberose 11.000 Sticks 14.600 Sticks -
Lilium No local production 0.913 sticks 0.913 sticks
Chrysanthemum -do- 1.280 sticks 1.280 sticks
Gypsophilla -do- 0.913 sticks 0.913 sticks

Others -do- 1.460 Sticks 1.460 Sticks

9. COST OF PRODUCTION AND INCOME STATEMENT FOR CUT FLOWERS

9.1 CUT-ROSES

1ST YEAR(Per Acre)

SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Cost of Plants 250000
4 Labour charges for planting in the field 10000
5 Fertilizer 15000
6 Hoeing 30000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 15000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 385000
9 Production per year 200000 Flowers
10 Price per flower 3
11 Total Income 600000
12 Net Profit 125000

2nd YEAR
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Fertilizer 15000
3 Hoeing 30000
4 Harvesting Charges 5000
5 Pesticides 15000
6 Pruning Charges 15000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 130000
7 Production per year 300000 Flowers
8 Price per flower 3
9 Total Income 900000
NET PROFIT:- 770000
9.2 SURKHA GULAB

1ST YEAR(Per Acre)

SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Cost of Plants 50000
4 Labour charges for planting in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 15000
6 Hoeing 30000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 3000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 168000
9 Production per year 4000 Kg.
10 Price 50 / Kg.
11 Total Income 200000
12 Net Profit 32000

2nd YEAR
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Fertilizer 15000
3 Hoeing 30000
4 Harvesting Charges 5000
5 Pesticides 15000
6 Pruning Charges 15000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 130000
7 Production per year 8000 kg
8 Price per flower 50 / Kg
9 Total Income 400000
NET PROFIT:- 270000
9.3 MOTIA (Jasminumsambac)

1ST YEAR(Per Acre)

SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 5000
3 Cost of Plants 54450
4 Labour charges for planting in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 10000
6 Hoeing 5000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 1000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 135450
9 Production per year 4000 Kg.
10 Price 50 / Kg.
11 Total Income 200000
NET PROFIT:- 64550

2nd YEAR
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Fertilizer 10000
3 Hoeing 5000
4 Harvesting Charges 5000
5 Pesticides 1000
6 Fertilizer 10000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 81000
7 Production per year 6000 kg
8 Price per flower 50 / Kg
9 Total Income 300000
NET PROFIT:- 219000
9.4 CARNATION

(Per Kanal)
SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 6000
2 Land Preparation 2000
3 Cost of Plants 540000
4 Labour charges for planting in the field 2000
5 Fertilizer 3000
6 Hoeing 2000
7 Harvesting Charges 2000
8 Pesticides 5000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 562000
9 Production per year 25000 Flowers
10 Price 50 / Flower
11 Total Income 1250000
NET PROFIT:- 688000

9.5 GERBERA

(Per Kanal)
SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 6000
2 Land Preparation 2000
3 Cost of Plants 500000
4 Labour charges for planting in the field 2000
5 Fertilizer 3000
6 Hoeing 2000
7 Harvesting Charges 2000
8 Pesticides 5000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 522000
9 Production per year 50000 Flowers
10 Price 25 / Flower
11 Total Income 1250000
NET PROFIT:- 728000

Note: Gerbera plants give production for 3 years.

9.6 LILIUM

(Per Kanal)
SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 6000
2 Land Preparation 2000
3 Cost of Bulbs 326700
4 Labour charges for sowing bulbs in the field 2000
5 Fertilizer 2000
6 Hoeing 2000
7 Harvesting Charges 1000
8 Pesticides 1000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 342700
9 Production per year 5200 Flowers
10 Price 100 / Flower
11 Total Income 520000
NET PROFIT:- 177300

9.7 MARIGOLD

(Per Kanal)
SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Cost of Seed 50000
4 Labour charges for sowing seeds in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 15000
6 Hoeing 30000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 3000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 168000
9 Production per year 6000 Kgs.
10 Price 50 / Kg.
11 Total Income 300000
NET PROFIT:- 132000
9.8 GLADIOLUS

1ST(Per Acre)
SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Cost of Bulbs 350000
4 Labour charges for bulbs sowing in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 15000
6 Hoeing 20000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 15000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 470000
9 Production per year 60000 Flowers
10 Price per flower 15
11 Total Income 900000
12 Net Profit 430000

2nd YEAR
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Storage of seed 25000
4 Labour charges for bulbs sowing in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 15000
6 Hoeing 20000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 15000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 145000
9 Production per year 50000 Flowers
10 Price per flower 15
11 Total Income 750000
NET PROFIT:- 605000
9.9 TUBEROSE

1ST(Per Acre)
SR. EXPENDITURE / INCOME
ITEM / OPERATION
NO. (Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Cost of Bulbs 50000
4 Labour charges for bulbs sowing in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 15000
6 Hoeing 20000
7 Harvesting Charges 5000
8 Pesticides 5000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 160000
9 Production per year 200000 Flowers
10 Price per flower 1.5
11 Total Income 300000
NET PROFIT:- 140000

2nd YEAR
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 10000
3 Fertilizer 15000
4 Hoeing 20000
5 Harvesting Charges 5000
6 Pesticides 5000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 105000
7 Production per year 300000 Flowers
8 Price per flower 1.5
9 Total Income 450000
NET PROFIT:- 345000
9.10 STATICE

(Per Acre)
EXPENDITURE / INCOME
SR. NO. ITEM / OPERATION
(Rs.)
1 Lease of Land 50000
2 Land Preparation 5000
3 Cost of Seed 15000
4 Labour charges for sowing seeds in the field 5000
5 Fertilizer 10000
6 Hoeing 5000
7 Harvesting Charges 2000
8 Pesticides 1000
TOTAL EXPENDITURE:- 93000
9 Production per year 200000
10 Price 1 / Flower
11 Total Income 200000
NET PROFIT:- 107000

10. Collaboration with Netherlands:

Keeping in view the issues and opportunities in the field of floriculture in Punjab,
Netherlands expertise can be utilized for beneficial outcomes and for the development of
floriculture on sustainable bases to cater for limiting factors.
Main objective to utilize the know-how of Netherlands is “to develop comprehensive strategy for
export of floricultural commodities”.
Major areas of support by Netherlands include;
 Technology transfer and skill development:
Flowering period in plain areas is short due to temperature fluctuation which
restricts the growing of cut flowers during summer season. Year round supply is not
possible due to conventional methods of cultivation. This can be accomplished by
growing cut flowers, cut foliage plants and live plants under protected conditions by
using poly houses/green houses. Netherlands has expertise in the field of controlled
environment which can be utilized to boost floriculture industry to export level.
Production, quality and year round supply of cut flowers can be enhanced by the
introduction of polyhouses/green houses.
Capacity building and skill development of farmers can be improved by imparting
technical training through practical demonstration to meet international standards and
 dissemination of research findings to all stake holders. Netherlands expertise in the field
of research and training can be utilized for technology transfer.
 Certification of Floriculture Products:
Plant health is a very important issue in developed countries and there are strict
rules in order to avoid the spread of plant diseases. All exports must be accompanied by a
phyto-sanitary (plant health) certificate issued by the plant health authority of the
exporting country. There is no certified ornamental plant nursery or flower farm in
Punjab. Certification of floriculture commodities is necessary to boost export oriented
floriculture in Punjab.
 Establishment of Flower Auction Centers:
Severe constraints and irregularities exist in terms of poor marketing system of
floricultural products and lack of postharvest handling techniques of floricultural
products like moisture conditions during storage and transportation. Proper use of
marketing intelligence can act as a pull factor for bringing investment in this potential
sub-sector.
Netherlands having most modern and efficient Auction clock can provide its
expertise for creating market linkages to DFC and other international markets. By using
the specialties of Netherlands, these soft components can be utilized to develop
marketing channel on modern and scientific lines which will facilitate the growers to get
remunerative price of their produce. The expertise will also be helpful in establishing
agro logistics in the field of floriculture where a cool chain system can be established
right from field heat removal, reefer container transportation, storage at proper
temperature and transportation to the airport.
Breeding Expertise:
Netherlands has a global reputation in breeding, growing and marketing flowering
bulbs. Dutch plant breeders are at the heart of the world’s horticulture industry. Close
cooperation with propagators, growers, researchers and government agencies, together
with a strong focus on specialization, innovation and quality control; have given the
Dutch a leading position in creating huge numbers of new plant varieties. More than 40
percent of all flowers and plants grown worldwide are Dutch varieties. It is need of the
day to adopt breeding trends like Netherlands by inviting breeders having expertise of
breeding in floriculture. Moreover export of cut flowers is not possible without
addressing the breeder’s intellectual property rights formulated under the WTO. Breeding
companies of Netherlands already working in Pune, India can be encouraged to have the
joint venture for exploring the corporate type of farming in Pakistan where the labor rates
and the availability of different agro ecological regions can be exploited in the best
possible way.