1.

Define the following concepts:

- What is an electromagnetic wave?
It is the simultaneous disturbance of electric and magnetic fields in the same region (James
C. Maxwell was the one who discovered electromagnetic waves). They are those waves that
do not need a material means to spread. They include, among others, visible light and radio,
television and telephony waves.

- What is the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave?

All propagate in vacuum at a constant speed, very high (300 0000 km / s) but not infinite.
Thanks to this we can observe the light emitted by a distant star so long ago that perhaps that
star has already disappeared. Or find out about an event that occurs thousands of kilometers
almost at the moment of occurrence.

- What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave?

A wave can be classified in two ways and the first is to consider the direction of propagation
of the vibration. If the vibration occurs perpendicular to the direction of propagation, we
speak of transverse waves (such as those of the sea or electromagnetic waves). If the
vibration occurs in the same direction as the propagation, we are talking about longitudinal
waves (like sound waves). The second classification requires taking into consideration the
means by which the waves propagate. The latter can be a physical medium (as for waves that
extend in a fluid) or a vacuum (as for light waves and radio waves). In any case, the wave is
always defined by the speed of propagation (v), by the length (lambda) and by the frequency
(nu). The wavelength is indicated in meters and is defined as the distance between two points
of maximum (peaks) or two points of minimum (valleys).

- Do electromagnetic waves have reflection and refraction properties?

Yes, electromagnetic waves have the properties of reflection and refraction, they also
possess the property of polarization.

REFLECTION

The reflection is the change of direction of a magnetic wave that when being in contact with
the surface of separation between two changing media, in such a way that it returns to the
initial medium. Common examples are the reflection of light, sound and waves in water.
Light is a form of energy.
 REFRACTION

Refraction is the change of direction that a wave experiences when passing from one
material medium to another. It only occurs if the wave strikes obliquely on the separation
surface of the two media and if they have different refractive indices.

- Consult about electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability.

ELECTRICAL PERMITTIVITY
It is a physical constant that describes how an electric field affects and is affected by a
medium. The permittivity of the vacuum𝜀0 is 8.8541878176𝑥10 − 12 𝐶 2 / 𝑁 × 𝑚2
The permittivity is determined by the tendency of a material to polarize before the application
of an electric field and thus partially annuls the internal field of the material. It is directly
related to electrical susceptibility.

MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY
The magnetic permeability tells us how easily the magnetic field crosses the matter, that is,
whether it is a good conductor or not of the magnetic field.
Permeability is a magnetic characteristic of matter (for example air, cardboard, aluminum,
iron). The permeability will be low in vacuum and is high in materials such as iron.

2. After having consulted about electric permittivity, what is the relationship between
absolute and relative electrical permittivity? How are these symbolized?

The permittivity of a material is normally given in relation to the vacuum, called relative
permittivity,𝜀𝑟 (also called dielectric constant in some cases). Absolute permittivity is
calculated by multiplying the relative permittivity by that of vacuum:

𝜀 = 𝜀𝑟 𝜀0 = (1 + 𝜒𝑒 )𝜀0
 𝜒𝑒 Is the electrical susceptibility of the material.

3. Can the conductivity of a material medium be altered by the

frequency of the signal applied to it?