Lucas Alzate

Daniel Gonzalez
Cesar Sierra
Camilo Rubiano

The techniques of manufacturing the dam of the deer's throat against the
technological changes of today.

In the following document, will be exposed the different techniques of manufacturing

dams and their differences in terms of the dam of the deer's throat. This dam has a
wingspan, 11 meters high and 9 meters thick, its location in a substantially flat area,
its manufacturing technique, the marsh it generated, etc. they make it a very atypical
element in the irrigation architecture of Andalusia. In addition to making its
description, we propose to discuss to what extent the purpose of this structure was
really different from what was done at the time, and if it is therefore a technological
change of this structure.
In its origin, it must have been 21 meters long, although now it has not been possible
to measure what is left by the steep slope and the existing thick vegetation. In the
front that presents next to the river it has a thickness of 11 meters, and a conserved
height of 10.60 meters. This last dimension differs slightly from those indicated by
Juan Manuel Almendra, to which we have referred, possibly as a result of the loss
of mass, in height. When it comes to describing and assessing this construction, it
is necessary to distinguish between what we can consider engineering principles
and constructive technique. With regard to the first, it can be thought that the builder
had very primary knowledge, as evidenced by the fact that on the right side the
structure was attached to the cut of the rock, which undoubtedly weakened it.
Technically, the problem was solved at the time, a solution found for example in
walled enclosures, which consists of the 'carving' of the rock, either in 'staircase' or
by 'teeth', in such a way that it provides more grip to the structure, however, here it
was not used. On the other hand, the deterioration that presents downstream, with
large fragments detached, suggests that it was not staggered, or tiled. On the other
hand, missing the screen that closed the river, so it is not possible to know if it was
a straight wall, or concave, although its thickness points to the first. All this meant
that the structure was not very resistant to strong impulses, such as those that
torrential water could cause at some moments, which probably caused its rupture,
and the progressive loss of the sector of the wall that closed the river has continued
until the present.
At the beginning, the dam could have two objectives, on the one hand, we must
assume that the main one was to generate a wide irrigation circuit. On the other, it
was possibly a element, which was to show the power of its constructor, in front of
the advance of the almohades.
The dam caused a considerable increase in water accumulated in that area.
According to the calculations made, taking into account the current topography,
water had to climb about 2 meters before finding his natural outlet, which is located
at the foot of the hill on the right side (north). That accumulation was, on the other
hand, the lagoon area covered approximately 18.8 hectares.
The new technology now works with the improvement of the geomechanical
conditions of the foundation rock, and a consolidation mat is made, consisting of
drilling and injected with cement-sand grout in a ratio of 0.8: 1 in the area of the
curtain. , being at a depth of 10 meters in the area of the channel, work of capture
and plug of diverted work and at a depth of 5 meters on the slopes, with a staggered
arrangement of 5 x 5 meters in the channel, 6 x 6 meters on slopes and 2.5 x 2.5
meters in the stopper of the conduit of the diversion work. The injected pressure was
1 kg / cm2 on hillsides; in the remaining areas of the work, it was 1 to 2 kg / cm2 to
avoid fracturing the rock mass.
Additionally, a waterproof screen is applied by means of an injected line in the hillside
area and another three in the channel area with cement-sand grout ratio 0.8: 1, at a
depth of 50 m from contact with the rock. In the following way, a dam is made with a
stable structure and resistant to strong thrusts, which cause ruptures in the
structures.
It is in this case where we realize the restoration that should be made to this dam
because instead of covering the rock, the rock was cut and in this case, it is
generated that the structure loses stability and leads to this the structure must be
restructured because it is not very resistant to strong thrusts.

Bibliografía

-http://www.imcyc.com/revistacyt/index.php/contenido/infraestructura/43-la-presa-el-realito

-https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/60819/6/Lucentum_35_16.pdf