Sie sind auf Seite 1von 9

Examples

Navier-Stokes Equations
Navier-Stokes Equations
Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in the
narrow gap between two infinite parallel plates. The top plate is moving
at a speed V and the bottom plate is stationary. The distance between
these two plates is h, and gravity acts in the negative z-direction (into the
page).

There is no applied pressure other than hydrostatic pressure due to


gravity. This flow is called Couette flow. Calculate the velocity and
estimate the shear force per unit area acting on the bottom plate.
Navier-Stokes Equations
Assumptions:
1. The plates are infinite in x and z.
2. The flow is steady, i.e. any derivative to time is zero.
3. The flow is parallel (we assume the y-component of the velocity is
zero).
4. The fluid is incompressible and Newtonian with constant properties.
5. The flow is laminar.

6. Pressure P = constant with respect to x. There is no applied pressure


gradient pushing the flow in the x-direction. The flow establishes it
due to viscous stresses caused by the moving upper plate.
7. The velocity field is purely two-dimensional.
8. Gravity acts in the negative z-direction.

𝑔 = −𝑔𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑥 = 𝑔𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑧 = −𝑔
Navier-Stokes Equations
The boundary conditions come from imposing the no-slip condition.
• At the bottom plate (at y = 0),
x   y  z  0
• At the top plate (at y = h),
 x   and  y   z  0
Start with the incompressible continuity equation in Cartesian
coordinates:

Assumption 4:
Incompressible fluid

     v x v y v z 
 vx  vy  vz        0
t x y z  x y z 
Assumption 2:
Steady flow
Navier-Stokes Equations
The incompressible continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates:

 v x v y v z 
      0
 x y z 
Assumption 4:
Incompressible fluid
Assumption 7:
Two-dimensional
v x v y v z
  0
x y z

Assumption 3:
Parallel flow
v y
0
x
Navier-Stokes Equations
v x
0
x

This means that the velocity is not a function of x, i.e. the flow is the same
at any x-location (fully developed).

Assumption 1 states that the plates are infinite in length. Assumption 2


indicates that the velocity is not a function of time and assumption 7
indicates that it is only two dimensional (x and y directions), so at most
the velocity is a function of y.
   ( y)
Navier-Stokes Equations
Simplify the x-momentum equation as far as possible. The numbers
indicates the applicable assumption.
Continuity Continuity

 v x v x v x v x  P   2vx  2vx  2vx 


   vx  vy  vz   g x     2  2  2 
 t x y z  x  x y z 

2 3 7 8 6 7

 2vx
0 Integrate twice to solve
y 2

with C1 and C2 constants


 x  C1 y  C2
of integration.
Navier-Stokes Equations
The continuity equation has already been "solved":

vx    ( y)
0
x

Apply the boundary conditions to solve for the integration constants:

No-slip boundary condition:  x  C1  0  C2  0 C2  0

𝑣𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑣𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = ℎ  x  C1  h  0  V C1  V


h

y
x  V
h
Navier-Stokes Equations
The velocity field reveals a simple linear velocity profile from vx = 0 at the
bottom plate to vx = V at the top plate.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen