CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. The Important of CJR

This CJR is important or students in fulfilling one of the sixth demands of KKNI’s task
imposed on campus.

B. The Purpose of CJR

1. To increase students insight and knowledge.
2. To train the students in a critical thinking.
3. To train students in finding information on the topics that have been given.

C. The Benefit of CJR

This CJR writing is useful to provide short information from the various explanations and
discussions contained in the article used as this CJR material.

D. Journal Identity
1. Title of Article : Pendekatan Pragmatik Dalam Mendukung Kemampuan
Lisan
2. Name of Journal : Al-Turas
3. Edition :1
4. Author : Saefudin
5. Year : 2013
6. Link : https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jurnal-humaniora/article/view/628

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 CHAPTER II

SUMMARY

A. Backgroud

The purpose of the communication is to get messages from others in a clear and
unambiguous. Perform communication requires effort from the sender or the recipient. Process
communication can be interrupted with an error message, so that eventually the misinterpreted
by the recipient. When these disorders are not detected, this can lead to confusion, wasted effort
and missed opportunity.In Fact, Communication will succeed if both parties understand the same
information as a result of the communication. So, it can be assumed that the approach that can
create situations of learning a second language (foreign), particularly in the oral communication
ability was in the form of pragmatic. This paper tried to discuss the reasons why there is value in
learning pragmatic explicitly in second language learners (L2) in the target language. The
importance of the issue in the the idea is very pragmatic consideration, included in determining
the contribution of the pragmatic in support of the ability to talk the students, how to prepare for
language learners in understanding the relationship of pragmatic and language function in normal
communication that can accepted, and the syntactic and semantic role in facilitating learning
pragmatics.

B. Description of The Contents

a. DefenitionOf Pragmatics

Pragmatics is the study of the meaning of the linguistic expressions in context. 5

Pragmatics has a very tight relationship with the use of language (language use) are functional.
Experts define a pragmatic the term differently. Yule, for example, mention the four definitions
pragmatics, namely (1) fields It examines the meaning of the speaker; (2) field which examines
the meaning according to context; (3) areas, exceeding the study on the meaning of the
diujarkan, review the meaning is communicated or terkomunikasikan by the speaker; and (4) a
field that examines the form of expression According to the social distance limitingparticipants

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involved in the conversation. Thomas calls the two kecen-in derungan divided into pragmatics
two parts, first, with the using the viewpoint of social, connect with pragmatics the meaning of
the speaker (speaker meaning); and second, by using the corner cognitive point of view, linking
pragmatics with speech interpretation (utterance interpretation). Next Thomas assuming that the
definition is a dynamic process involving negotiations between the speaker and the listener as
well as between the context of the utterance (physical, social, and linguistic) and potential
meanings that may befrom a speech utterance, define pragmatics as a field which examines the
meaning in interaction (meaning in interaction) Leech (Gunarwan) view pragmatics as a field of
study in the linguistic related to semantics. This relatedness he called semantisisme, that is
viewed as a pragmatic part of the semantics; Prag-matisisme i.e. see semantics as part from the
pragmatics; and komplementarisme, or see the semantics and pragmatics as two complementary
fields. The theory of pragmatics and pragmatic skills course, said Sudiati and Widyamarta can
provide will a variety of possible strategies in in berkominikasi, the ability to use the language of
instrumentality in thea wide variety of situations. Pragmatics is the study of ' learn to be able to
speakwith a tasty and easy, not only in the unofficial forum, but alsoin a formal forum 10 While
the goal of pragmatics is to optimize communication with language.

b. Development Of Pragmatics

In the historical perspective that pragmatic has grown in Europe in the 1940 's and
flourished in America since the 1970 's. Morris (1938) is considered a peletak tonggaknya pass
his views on semiotik. He divided science sign it into three branches: syntax, semantics, and
pragmatics. Then Halliday (1960) which seeks develop social theory about Language regarding
the language as social phenomena In America, the works of the philosopher Austin (1962) and
his disciple Searle (1969, 1975), many inspired the development of pragmatics. The work of
Austin is considered the pioneer of pragmatics entitled How to Do Things with Words (1962).
Ibid, Austin posited the idea about performative speech and konstatif. The idea of your
significant other is about acts of lokusi, ilokusi, perlokusi and ilokusi speech.

Some pragmatic thinker others, namely: Searle (1969) me-ngembangkan the thought of
Austin. He conceived the theory of acts said that are considered very important in the study of
pragmatics. Follow up said that does not limited number of that dikategorisasikan based on
meaning and function into five kinds, namely: representative, directive, expressive, declarative,

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Grice (1975) gave the theory about the principles of cooperation (cooperative principle) and
implikatur conversation (conversational implicature). According To Grace, the principle is the
principle of cooperation conversation guide participants to be able to conduct a conversation in
cooperative and be able to use the language effectively and efficiently. Prinsi It consists of four
thimble: quantity, relation, and manner. According to Gunarwan (1994:54), the theory of the
primacy of the principle of This cooperation lies in its potential as a theory of inference if that
can be drawn from the speech that thimble cooperation it.

c. Pragmatics And Semantics

Cruse says "Meaning makes little sense except in the context of communication: the
notion of communication therefore provides asgood a place the U.S. any to start an exploration
of meaning. "11 Therefore, when studying the language then expected learner is able to
understand the meaning of semantically lebihlebih in pragmatics. The word is derived from the
semantics Greece sema meaning sign or symbol (sign). "Semantics" is first used by a French
philologist named Michel Breal in 1883. The word semantics then agreed as the term used for
the field a linguistic study of linguistic signs with things that was tagged. Therefore, the word
semantics can be defined as the science of meaning or about the meaning, analysis of the
landscape, one of three languages: phonology, semantics, and are assigned grammatical (Chaer,
1994:2).In the meantime pragmatic specialty satkan attention on the use of languages in the
circle of speakers based on context

O ccasion speech. While the difference principle a second study of the meaning of the
seen below. a. Semantic meaning, namely the study of thethe meaning of the words and the
meaning of the sentence, While the study of pragmatics the meaning of speech, namely to what
speech It's done. b. If ask "what the meaning of semantics X? "then the pragmatics asked" What
you mean X? " c. Significance in the semantics specified by contexts, while the meaning in
pragmatics is determined by context, i.e. who is speaking.

d. Pragmatics And Language Function.

The field of "pragmatic" in Linguistics today started to get attention researchers and
linguists, including in Indonesia. These fields tend to examine the function of speech or language
function than the form or structure. With in other words, pragmatics are more likely to

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functionalism than to formalism. It complies with the understanding expressed by pragmatics
Levinson that pragmatics is the study of the use of language or the study of language and the
perspective of the fungsonal. That is, this study try to explain the aspects the structure of the
language with reference to influences and reasons for non 14 languages. The function of most
major languages is as a means of communication. In the communication, one intent or on the
function can be spoken with a variety on the form of speech. For example, a teacher that meant
telling his disciples to get a lime in the Office, he can choose one among speech-speech follows:

(1) Take me a chalk!

(2) No chalk here.(3) I need a chalk.

(4) Oh, this class has no chalk, right?

(5) There is no chalk, isn’t ther ?

(6) Why doesn’t one of you bring me achalk?

Thus for the purpose of "sent" so someone does an action can be expressed by using
imperative sentences such as speech (1), declarative sentences like speech (2-4), or interrogative
sentences such as speech (5-6). So, pragmatically, News of the sentence (declarative) and
sentences Ask (interrogative) next to serves to preach or inquirealso serves to enjoin (imperative
or directive).

In his book Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, Brown said that at the end of
the 19th century 20, precisely the year 1980 marked the emergence of a new wave of interest
against to learn a second language or are unfamiliar with using approach communicative. The
ultimate goal of this approach is able to communicate with native speakers. That became the
focus of attention in lesson are the skills of speaking and listening, writing for the purpose of
communication specifically, and reading the original text. And recognized that the underlying
movement This is the communicative language teaching the important principles of the theory
the behaviour of language (language behavior).

According To Halliday, there are at least seven languages, function as already mentioned
earlier, which generally run on the language, namely:

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 1) instrumental) function, using language to gain something.

2) regulatory Function, use to control the behavior of others.

3) function interaksional, use to create interactions with people another.

4) function personal, use a language for expressing feeling and meaning.

5) function Heuristics, using language to learn and find meaning.

6) function of the imaginative, using language to create an imaginative world.

7) representational Functions use the language to convey information.

Back on subject matter, that is in principle functions General language as described in the
top should be mastered by learners the language of the United Kingdom in Indonesia, forthe
language functions are designed for the needs of the level of the threshold (threshold level). For
as it says SUS. Dann that "international relations With Indonesia which the more extensive, high
school graduates should be equipped with BT's ability to the level of the threshold in order for
the horizon their knowledge more widely.

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 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS

A. Discussion of The Contents of The Journal

Based on the journal wrote the first major target of doing oral communication is how
speakers are able to understand the culture of the opponents of speech, in particular within the
framework of a way of thinking, living patterns, work ethic, as well as a belief in personal
religious beliefs, so in turn language speakers able to use the language of the in accordance with
the rules of the social yangberlaku. That is, when we're talking with others we should pay
attention to the setting or context of the talk which include; with whom, when, and where we
talk. Therefore, an analysis of conversation (conversation analysis) looking at the empirical
action speakers. In the period of time that is reasonably long, as coined by Yule (1996:6), the
study of language very overpowered by the tendency to explain his formal system based on
language, that is by lowering the system There is in mathematics and logic, and ignore the
unsurpengguna language. As recent studies in Linguistics, Pragmatics is the only level that also
parses human language as a user estimate. Although a similar study has focus with semantics, i.e.
the meaning, such as will be explained later, meaning that examined in contrast to pragmatics the
meaning that is examined in the semantics.

And from the second journal in view Zoest Semiotics is the study of sign (sign), the
proper functioning of mark, and the production of meaning. A sign is something for someone
means something else.everything that can be observed or the observable can be made called the
mark. Therefore, the sign is not limited to objects. The existence of the event, the absence of an
event, structure that is found in something a habit, all of this can be called a sign. A small flag, a
gesture hand, a Word, a silence, an eating habit, a symptom of the mode, a nervous gestures,
events memerahnya face, a certain fondness, layoutcertain stars, an attitude, a sprig of flowers of
white hair, the hair, the attitude of silence, stuttering, speak fast, walk limping, nanar, Marvel,
stared, fire, White, shape, sharp angles, speed, patience, infatuation, concerns, it was considered
a sign (Zoest in Roland, 1998:18).

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 B. Advantages and Disadvantages The Article Content of The Journal

From the aspect of the scope of the content of this article is very nice and neat. This
article is also very well equipped and a lot of his material yg related semiotik. and there are some
identities are incomplete and there is like his don't come.

From the aspect of grammar, the article is very easy to understand and very easy to
understand. and but there are sometimes his words there several times repeated and there is a
little bit hard in yg language understand

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 CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

One learning approach that is considered capable of realizing a conducive learning

situation; active, creative, effective and fun is a pragmatic approach. Pragmatics is the study of
the meaning of the linguistic expressions in context. Pragmatics has a very tight relationship with
the use of language (language use) are functional. Through a pragmatic approach, language
learners are invited to speak in real contexts and speech situations by applying the principles of
comprehensive language usage.

B. Suggestion

In order for readers to better understand this topic, we advise readers to search more from
other sources about the topic.

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