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Women owned businesses are highly increasing in the economies of almost all countries.
The hidden entrepreneurial potentials of women have gradually been changing with the
growing sensitivity to the role and economic status in the society. Skill, knowledge and
adaptability in business are the main reasons for women to emerge into business
ventures.‘Women Entrepreneur’ is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her
personal needs and become economically independent. A strong desire to do something
positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing
values in both family and social life. With the advent of media, women are aware of their
own traits, rights and also the work situations. The glass ceilings are shattered and
women are found indulged in every line of business from pappad to power cables. The
challenges and opportunities provided to the women of digital era are growing rapidly
that the job seekers are turning into job creators. They are flourishing as designers,
interior decorators, exporters, publishers, garment manufacturers and still exploring new
avenues of economic participation.In India, although women constitute the majority of
the total population, the entrepreneurial world is still a male dominated one. Women in
advanced nations are recognized and are more prominent in the business world. But the
Indian women entrepreneurs are facing some major constraints like –
d) Motivational factors – Self motivation can be realized through a mind set for a
successful business, attitude to take up risk and behavior towards the business society by
shouldering the social responsibilities. Other factors are family support, Government
policies, financial assistance from public and private institutions and also the
environment suitable for women to establish business units.
f) Awareness about the financial assistance – Various institutions in the financial sector
extend their maximum support in the form of incentives, loans, schemes etc. Even then
every woman entrepreneur may not be aware of all the assistance provided by the
institutions. So the sincere efforts taken towards women entrepreneurs may not reach the
entrepreneurs in rural and backward areas.
g) Exposed to the training programs - Training programs and workshops for every type of
entrepreneur is available through the social and welfare associations, based on duration,
skill and the purpose of the training program. Such programs are really useful to new,
rural and young entrepreneurs who want to set up a small and medium scale unit on their
own.
h) Identifying the available resources – Women are hesitant to find out the access to cater
their needs in the financial and marketing areas. In spite of the mushrooming growth of
associations, institutions, and the schemes from the government side, women are not
enterprising and dynamic to optimize the resources in the form of reserves, assets
mankind or business volunteers.
• Eco-friendly technology
• Bio-technology
• IT enabled enterprises
• Event Management
• Tourism industry
• Telecommunication
• Plastic materials
• Vermiculture
• Mineral water
• Sericulture
• Floriculture
Naina Lal Kidwai is an Indian businesswoman. She is currently the Group General
Manager and Country Head of the HSBC Group in India.
Early life
Kidwai has a Bachelors degree in Economics from Delhi University and an MBA from
Harvard Business School (graduated 1982). She was the first Indian woman to graduate
from Harvard Business School
Career
From 1982-1994 she worked at ANZ Grindlays, where her assignments included Head of
the Investment Bank , Head of Global NRI Services and Head of the Western India,
Retail Bank. During 1994-2002, she worked at Morgan Stanley as Vice Chairman of JM
Morgan Stanley and Head of the Investment Bank in India. At HSBC she has held
positions as Chief Executive Officer and Deputy Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Bank
in India and Managing Director and Managing Director of HSBC Securities and Capital
Markets India Private Limited. She became the group's country head in 2009.
Her other positions include being a non-executive director on the board of Nestle SA,
Chairman, City of London's Advisory Council for India, Global Advisor, Harvard
Business School. She is on the Governing Board of NCAER, Audit Advisory Board of
the Comproller and Auditor General of India, and on the National Executive Committee
of CII and FICCI. Her interests include microfinance and livelihood creation for rural
women and environment. Naina, also supports the world's largest youth driven
organization - AIESEC as a National Advisory Board Member to AIESEC India.
Kidwai has repeatedly ranked in the Fortune global list of Top Women in Business, 12th
in the Wall Street Journal 2006 Global Listing of Women to Watch ad listed by Time
Magazine as one of their 15 Global Influentials 2002. In 2007, She received the Padma
Shri, for her work in the promotion of Trade and Industry.
Personal life
Naina is married to Rashid Kidwai, who runs the NGO, Grassroot Trading Network for
Women.
Shahnaz Husain
Shahnaz Husain (born in Pakistan) hails from a traditional royal Muslim family
background. She married at the age of 15 and has a son, Sameer. She is the Chairperson
of the Shahnaz Hussain Group, a leading Indian company dealing with beauty and anti-
ageing products. She also manages Shahnaz Husain's Beauty Institutes offering courses
such as diploma and post-graduate diploma in skin and beauty therapy as well as a
number of short-term vocational courses.
Shahnaz Husain did her schooling in an Irish convent. After her marriage, she went off to
Iran with her husband. She became interested in cosmetology. She soon realized the
harmful effects of chemical cosmetics and turned her attention to herbals and Ayurveda.
She also began writing about them. She returned with her husband to India and started a
small parlour in South Delhi. Shahnaz Herbals soon created a niche for itself worldwide
with exclusive clinics and 400 franchise salons.
Shahnaz Husain was pioneer in the field of Ayurvedic and herbal cosmetics. The
products of Shahnaz Husain Group are sold through such prestigious stores as Harrods
and Selfridges in London, Galleries Lafayette in Paris, Bloomingdales in New York, the
Seibu chain in Japan, and La Rinascente in Milan. Her clients include such names as
Princess Diana, Madonna, the Clintons and Cherie Blair.
Shahnaz Husain received such awards as Padma Shree (2006); The Arch of Europe Gold
Star for Quality; The 2000 Millennium Medal of Honor, and Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana
Award. She was voted the Woman of the Year by the Success magazine in 1996.
VINITABALI
Vinita Bali was appointed Managing Director on 31st May 2006. Vinita joined as Chief
Executive Officer of the Company in January 2005. She received her Bachelor's Degree
in Economics from LSR at the University of Delhi and her MBA at the Jamnalal Bajaj
Institute of Management Studies at Bombay University. She pursued postgraduate studies
in Business and Economics at Michigan State University on a scholarship from The
Rotary Foundation, and was selected to work as a Graduate Intern at the United Nations
headquarters in New York.
She started her career with Voltas Ltd.-a Tata Group company focusing on consumer
products, where she launched Rasna soft-drink concentrate. In 1980, Vinita joined
Cadbury India, where she had a successful career in roles of increasing responsibility, not
just in India, but also in the UK, Nigeria and South Africa. Vinita also served on the
Boards of Cadbury Nigeria and Cadbury South Africa.
The Coca-Cola Company chose her as its worldwide Marketing Director in 1994 where
she was responsible for the worldwide strategy for Coke, and was one of the key players
in doubling its historical growth rate. In 1997 she took over as Vice President of
Marketing for Latin America, and in 1999 relocated to Chile as President of the Andean
Division with sales in excess of USD 1 Billion. In 2001, she was made a corporate officer
of The Coca-Cola Company and appointed Vice President of Corporate Strategy
reporting to the Chairman.
After an eventful nine-year association with Coke, Vinita joined her mentor at Coke,
Sergio Zyman at the Zyman Group in July 2003 as a Managing Principal and Head of the
Business Strategy practice in the company's Atlanta office. As a member of the
company's Board of Managers, Vinita shared responsibility for developing and managing
Zyman Group's consulting business.
Lalita D. Gupte
Lalita D. Gupte, Joint Managing Director of ICICI Bank (India’s second largest
commercial bank), until October 31, 2006, is an important figure in India’s banking and
financial services sector.[1] An INSEAD alumnus, Gupte was listed by the Fortune “as
one of the fifty most powerful women in international business.” She is currently the
Chairperson on the Board of ICICI Venture and a board member of Nokia
Corporation.On 22nd June, 2010 she was appointed as member of Alstom’s Board of
directors
Career
Contributions
Her contributions have been widely recognized, and the awards conferred on her include
the following:
• The twenty First Century for Banking Finance and Banking award (1997) by
Ladies Wing of the Indian Merchants’ Chamber[4]
• The Women Achievers Award (2001) from the Women graduates’ Association.
• Women of the Year Award (2002) by the International Women’s’ Association.
Mrs. Fields wanted to open a chocolate chip cookie bakeshop and store. On August
16, 1977, Mrs. Fields Chocolate Chippery opened its doors to the public in Palo Alto,
California. Twenty-plus years later, Debbi Fields' role had expanded from managing one
shop to supervising operations, brand name management, public relations and product
development of her company's 600+ company-owned and franchise stores in the United
States of ten Nations.
Debbi Fields' personal values guide her role as a businesswoman. Her philosophy of
excellence, stated in her motto of "Good Enough Never Is," is mirrored in a company that
has earned a reputation for providing the best in product quality and superior customer
service. She attributes her greatest success to her ability to relate to her customers and
earn their lifelong loyalty.
With expansion on the horizon in 1989, Mrs. Fields, Inc. was among the first
companies to take advantage of dramatic computer technology advancements. Debbi
Fields led her company into the computer age, streamlining operations and production
schedules with a state-of-the-art computer system. Her program is used as a model for
business efficiency at Harvard Business School. It remains an example of successful
application of technology in business management.
Debbi Fields' business accomplishments and capabilities reach far beyond managing
Mrs. Fields, Inc. Today, she sits on the boards of Outback Steakhouse, WKNO (a public
radio and TV station), and The Orpheum Theater. She is in the process of co-authoring a
book called “Service Entropy”.
She is the author of two cookbooks published by Time-Life. The first, 100 Recipes
from the Kitchen of Debbi Fields has sold more than 1.8 million copies and was the first
cookbook to top The New York Times bestseller list. The second, I Love Chocolate
cookbook, published in 1994, has enjoyed tremendous success as well, posting sales of
over half a million copies. She hosted Great American Desserts, a weekly program that
aired nationally, on public television and is also the name of her third and newest book,
Debbi Fields Great American Desserts, published by Simon and Schuster.
Debbi is the mother of Jessica (23), Jenessa (21), Jennifer (19), Ashley (14), and
McKenzie (11). She resides in Memphis, Tennessee with her husband and family.
HOUSEWIFE
• Indian women give more emphasis to family ties and relationships. Married
women have to make a fine balance between business and home. More over the
business success is depends on the support the family members extended to
women in the business process and management. The interest of the family
members is a determinant factor in the realization of women folk business
aspirations.
• Women's family obligations also bar them from becoming successful
entrepreneurs in both developed and developing nations. "Having primary
responsibility for children, home and older dependent family members, few
women can devote all their time and energies to their business" (Starcher, 1996, p.
8).The financial institutions discourage women entrepreneurs on the belief that
they can at any time leave their business and become housewives again. The
result is that they are forced to rely on their own savings, and loan from relatives
and family friends.
• The greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs is that they are women. A kind of
patriarchal – male dominant social order is the building block to them in their way
towards business success. Male members think it a big risk financing the ventures
run by women.
• The male - female competition is another factor, which develop hurdles to women
entrepreneurs in the business management process. Despite the fact that women
entrepreneurs are good in keeping their service prompt and delivery in time, due
to lack of organisational skills compared to male entrepreneurs women have to
face constraints from competition. The confidence to travel across day and night
and even different regions and states are less found in women compared to male
entrepreneurs. This shows the low level freedom of expression and freedom of
mobility of the women entrepreneurs.
• Knowledge of latest technological changes, know how, and education level of the
person are significant factor that affect business. The literacy rate of women in
India is found at low level compared to male population. Many women in
developing nations lack the education needed to spur successful entrepreneurship.
They are ignorant of new technologies or unskilled in their use, and often unable
to do research and gain the necessary training (UNIDO, 1995b, p.1). Although
great advances are being made in technology, many women's illiteracy,
strucutural difficulties, and lack of access to technical training prevent the
technology from being beneficial or even available to females ("Women
Entrepreneurs in Poorest Countries," 2001). According to The Economist, this
lack of knowledge and the continuing treatment of women as second-class
citizens keeps them in a pervasive cycle of poverty ("The Female Poverty Trap,"
2001). The studies indicates that uneducated women donot have the knowledge of
measurement and basic accounting.
If you are wondering whether or not you are an entrepreneur “type” and if you
should start a small business, you should start with these tips to get your career off to a
good start.
1) Select a business that you love and know something about. Being passionate
about your business will help you make it during the challenges that all
entrepreneurs face.
2) Research the product or service. Go talk to people who are in the business you
are going into. If you feel uncomfortable asking questions as a potential
competitor, then pretend you are a client. You can also do research at the library.
Look in the business section and trade publications.
3) Assess the market. Is there a need for your product/service? What type of
customer base do you need to stay in business? You should decide on location. (A
side street with no walk-in traffic may not be the best location for your retail
shop.) Also consider what will make you unique from everyone else in town.
4) Consult with professionals. Find some individuals who either knows something
specific about your business, specialize in small businesses, or deal with women-
owned businesses. Also talk to accountants, attorneys, insurance consultants, and
bankers about your future.
5) Define the legal entity. Will your business be a sole proprietorship, partnership, or
corporation? Once you research the differences in liability, legal, tax, and
financing tell the county clerk’s office what you decide.
6) Protect yourself and your business. Different forms of insurance are necessary
depending on the business. Consult professionals.
7) Assess your finances. It’s a good idea to have some money put aside that will
carry you through the beginning phases. You can often borrow from
friends/family or get loans to get started.
8) Write a business plan. This includes a description of the business, financial
projections, clearly defines the product or service, and discusses the legal entity,
market, location, competition, management and personnel. There are many “How
to write a business plan” guides out there for you to use.
9) Network. Join professional organizations, attend industry related conferences and
meetings, and go to other meetings that are of interest to you. You will be
surprised where you meet clients!
10) Be positive, patient, and flexible. It takes a good amount of time to build a
business. Continue to have a positive outlook and don’t stop believing in yourself.
There has never been a successful business owner that hasn’t run into some
challenges!
. While gender was shown not to affect new venture performance when preferences,
motivation, and expectations were controlled for, the differences
observed among men’s and women’s new business ventures include the following:
• Men had more business experience prior to opening the business and higher
expectations.
• Women entrepreneurs had a larger average household size.
• The educational backgrounds of male and female entrepreneurs were similar.
• Women were less likely than men to purchase their business.
• Women were more likely to have positive revenues, but men were more likely to own
an employer firm.
• Female owners were more likely to prefer low risk/return businesses.
• Men spent slightly more time on their new ventures than women.
• Male owners were more likely to start a business to make money, had higher
expectations for their business, and did more research to identify business opportunities.
• Male entrepreneurs were more likely to found technologically intensive businesses,
businesses that lose their competitive advantage more quickly, and businesses that have a
less geographically localized customer base.
• Male owners spent more effort searching for business opportunities and this held up
when other factors were controlled for.
• Differences between women and men concerning venture size and hours are explained
by control variables such as prior start-up and industry experience.
• Researchers and policymakers need to understand that studies which do not take into
account the differing nature of men- and women-owned firms could result in misleading
results.
Table shows the distribution of industry sector in which the entrepreneurs started
their businesses.
The table shows that male entrepreneurs are significantly more likely than female
entrepreneurs to start
construction and manufacturing businesses, and significantly less likely than female
entrepreneurs to start
wholesale and retail trade businesses. These differences suggest the importance of
accounting for industry 23 sector when examining the effect of gender on
entrepreneurial activity. Uncontrolled, gender would capture some portion of the
differences in industry sector.
Table Industry Sector of the Start-ups of Male and Female Entrepreneurs.
Category N Mean (%) Standard Deviation (%) Significance
Agriculture All 674 3.74 18.98
Male 410 3.83 19.22
Female 263 3.59 18.64
Construction All 674 4.87 21.54 *
Male 410 6.61 24.87
Female 263 2.16 14.56
Manufacturing All 674 5.20 22.22 *
Male 410 6.71 25.05
Female 263 2.84 16.67
Transportation
&
Communication All 674 2.85 16.64
Male 410 3.58 18.60
Female 263 1.70 12.96
Wholesale Trade All 674 3.16 17.49 t
Male 410 2.28 14.95
Female 263 4.52 20.81
Retail Trade All 674 26.14 43.97 *
Male 410 23.46 42.43
Female 263 30.33 46.05
Finance, Real
Estate and
Insurance All 674 5.23 22.29
Male 410 5.14 22.11
Female 263 5.38 22.61
Services All 674 48.34 50.01
Male 410 47.78 50.01
Female 263 49.20 50.09