Satipatthanasutta Nissaya

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S pf mG oH;k aqmifEikd yf gonf/
r*Fvm-armifatmifjrifh
(23-11-51)
r[mowdy|meokwfygXfedó, 3
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yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© £rar0 um,H O'¨H yg'wvmç ta"m auorw¬umç wpy&d,EÅH yl&H
ememyum&ó tokpad em ypöa0u©wd ..... tw¬d £ro®ð uma, auom avmrm ecg 'EÅm wapm? rHoH ESm½k t|d
t|drOd HÆ 0uú?H [',H ,ueH udavmruH yd[uH yyægoH? tEÅH tEÅ*P k H O'&d,H u&DoH rw¬v*k ?ø ydwHå aorSH ykaAÁm
avm[dwH aoa'g ara'g? tók 0om acaVm odCmF edum vodum rkwEå /dÅ ao,sxmyd bdua© 0 Obawmrkcg
ykawmVd yl&m emem0d[w d ó "nó? ao,sxd'H .... omvDeH 0d[eD H rk*g¾ eH rmomeH wdvmeH w@KvmeH/ wareH
pu©Krm yk&ad om rkOw
dö mG ypöa0u©,s .... £ar omvDç £ar 0d[çD £ar rk*g¾ ç £ar rmomç £ar wdvmç £ar
w@Kvmwd/ {0ar0 acg bdua© 0 bduK© £rar0 um,H O'¨H yg'wvmç ta"m auorw¬umç wpy&d,EÅH yl&H
ememyum&ó tokpad em ypöa0u©wd .... tw¬d £ro®ð uma, auom- ay-rkwEå /dÅ £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma,
um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? A[d'g¨ 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? tZÑwåA[d'g¨ 0g uma, um,mEkyóD
0d[&wd/ ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd? 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd? ork',0,"r®mEkyóD
0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd? tw¬d uma,mwd 0g yeó owd ypöKy|dwm a[mwd? ,m0a'0 ÓPrwåm,
y#dówdrwåm,/ tedóad wm p 0d[&wd? e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK© uma,
um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
y#dulvreodum&yAÁH ed|dwH/
1-um,mEkyóem 4-y#dulvreodum&ydkif;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / yke p? wzefvnf;/ ty&H? wyg;aom ½Iyu kH m;/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ O'Ḧ yg'wvm?
ajcz0g;jyifrS txufü ½Sad om/ ta"m auorw¬um? qHyifzsm;rS atmufü Ä½Sad om/ wpy&d,EÅ?H ab;ywf0ef;usif
tm;jzifh ta&yg;tqH;k ½Sdaom/ yl&H ememyum&ó tokpad em? trsKd;rsKd;aom ½G½H mS bG,jf zifh jynfv h suf ½Sdaom/
£rar0 um,H? (rdr\ d ½kyftaygif;) þudk,fudkyifvQif/ ypöa0u©wd? pl;pdkufí ½I-qifjcif\/ £roð® uma,? þ
ud,k x f üJ / tw¬?d ½SMd uaom t&m0w¬KwdYk rmS / auom-qHyifwYdk / avmrm-arG;ñSi;f wkYd / ecg-vufonf; ajconf;wkYd /
'EÅm-oGm;wkYd / wapm-ta&/ rHoH-tom;/ ESm½k-taMum/ t|d-t½kd;/ t|drdOÆH-½k;d wGi;f jcifq/D 0uú-H tñIdY/ [',H-
ESv;kH / ,ueH-tonf;/ udavmruH-tajr§;/ yd[uH-tzsOf;/ yyægoH-tqkwf/ tEÅH-tlr/ tEÅ*kPH-tlodrf/
O'&d,-H tpmopf/ u&Do-H tpma[mif;-usiBf uD;/ rw¬vk*-ø OD;aESmuf/ ydw-Hå onf;ajc/ aorS-H ovdy/f ykaAÁm-
jynfyyk /f avm[dw-H aoG;/ aoa'g-acR;/ ara'g-tqDcJ/ tók-rsuf&nf/ 0om-qDMunf/ acaVm-wHaxG;/
odCmF edum-ESy/f vodum-tap;/ rkwåH-usifi,f/ £wd? þ½GH½SmbG,frsm;om ½SdMuonf[k pl;pdkufí ½I-qifjcif\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / ao,sxmyd? Oyrmtm;jzif/h Obawmrkcg? txufEiS ahf tmuf ESpzf ufv;kH wGif tayguf
½Sad om/ ykawmVd? tdwo f nf/ emem0d[w d ó "nó? trsKd;rsKd;aom pyg;jzif/h yl&m? jynfv h suf½o dS nf/ tó?
jzpf&m\/ ao,sxd'?H tb,fpyg;rsKd;wkYd jzifh jynfo h enf;[lr/l omvDe?H oav;ac: pyg;EkwYdk jzif¤h if;/ 0d[eD ?H
aumufMurf;ac: pyg;Murf;wkYd jzif¤h if;/ rk*g¾ eH? yJaemufwYdk jzif¤h if;/ rmomeH? yJBuD;wkYd jzif¤h if;/ wdvmeH? ESr;f wkYd jzif¤h if;/
w@KvmeH? qefwYdk jzif¤h if;/ yl&m tó? jynfv h suf½&dS m\/ wareH rkOw dö mG ? xdpk yg;rsKd;tdwuf akd jzí/ pu©Krm
yk&ad om? rsufpjd rifaom a,musfm;onf/ £ar omvD? þonfwYdk um; oav;pyg;EkwYdk wnf;/ £ar 0d[?D þonf
wkYd um; aumufMurf; pyg;Murf;wkYd wnf;/ £ar rk*g¾ ? þonfwYdk um; yJaemufwYdk wnf;/ £ar rmom? þonf
wkYd um; yJBuD;wkYd wnf;/ £ar wdvm? þonfwYdk um; ESr;f wkYd wnf;/ £ar w@Kvm? þonfwYdk um; qefwYdk wnf;/
£wd? þodYk / ypöa0u©,s? pl;pdu k íf Munf½h q I ifjcif&m\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / {0ar0 acg? pyg;rsKd;rsm;udk cGjJ cm;í þ½IyEkH iS hf tvm;wlpmG yifvQif/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/
O'¨H yg'wvm? ajcz0g;jyifrS txufü½Sad om ay/ rkw?Hå usifi,f/ £wd? þ½G½H mS bG,rf sm;om ½SMd uonf[k pl;pdu k í
f
½Iqifjcif\/ £wd? þqdt k yfNyD;aomenf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g uma,? rdr\ d ½kyftaygif; udk,fürlvnf;/ /(þrSpí
£&d,myxydik ;f teufEiS w hf Nl yD/ tw¬d uma,mwd 0g yeóü ..... ]]tw¬d uma,mwd? qHyif arG;n§i;f paom
½GH½SmbG,f ½kyftaygif;rQom ½Sdonf[k .....}} þodkY jyifí qdkav/ þrQom xl;awmhonf)/
y#dulvreodum&yAÁH? ½GH½SmbG,f[k ESvHk;oGif;yHk

tydkif;onf? ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
1-um,mEkyóem 5-"mwkreodum&yAÁ
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© £rar0 um,H ,xmXdwH ,xmyPd[w d H "mwkaom ypöa0u©w?d tw¬d £ro®ð
uma, yx0D"mwk tmayg"mwk awaZm"mwk 0ga,m"mwlw?d ao,sxmyd bdua© 0 'au©m a*gCmwaum 0g
a*gCmwuaEÅ0goD 0g *g0ð 0"dwmG pwkr[myax Advaom 0dbZdwmG edoad Eém tó/ {0ar0 acg bdua© 0 bduK©
£rar0 um,H ,xmXdwH ,xmyPd[w d H "mwkaom ypöa0u©w?d tw¬d £ro®ð uma, yx0D"mwk tmayg"mwk
awaZm"mwk 0ga,m"mwlw/d £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ ay/ e p udOdö avmau
Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK© uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
"mwkreodum&yAÁH ed|dwH/
1-um,mEkyóem 5-"mwkreodum&ydkif;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / yke p? wzefvnf;/ ty&H? wyg;aom ½Iyu kH m;/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ £rar0 um,H?
(rdr\
d ½kyt
f aygif;) þud, k uf ykd ifvQif/ ,xmXdwH ,xmyPd[w d ?H wnfNrJ xm;NrJ twdik ;f yifvQif/ "mwkaom?
owå0gaumif toufaumif r[kwaf om "mwfoabm taetm;jzif/h ypöa0u©w?d pl;pdu k í
f ½Iqifjcif\/ £ro®ð
uma,? þud, k xf üJ / tw¬?d ½SMd uaom "mwfoabmrsm;rSm/ yx0D"mwk? cufrm Murf;wrf;aom (yx0Dac:) trmcH
"mwfu wrsKd;/ tmayg"mwk? ,kpd ;D zGYJ w, G t
f yfaom (tmaygac:) t&nf"mwfuwrsKd;/ awaZm"mwk? ylaEG;at;
vsuf &ifu h suf El;nHah paom (awaZmac:) tcd;k taiGY"mwfu wrsKd;/ 0ga,m"mwk? awmifw h if; a½GY½mS ;aom
(0ga,mac:) av"mwfu wrsKd;/ £wd? þ"mwf oabmrsm;om ½SMd uonf[k pl;pdu k íf ½I-qifjcif\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / ao,sxmyd? Oyrmtm;jzif/h 'au©m? uRrf;usifvrd m® aom/ a*gCmwaum 0g? EGm;owf
orm;jzpfap/ a*gCmwuaEÅ0goD 0g? EGm;owform;\ wynfjh zpfap/ *g0ð0"dwmG ? EGm;udo k wfNyD;í/ pwkr[myax?
vrf;av;cGü/ Advaom 0dbZdwmG ? tom;wkYd ukd tyHt k yHt
k m;jzifh cGjJ cm;vsuf/ edoad Eém tó? xdik af e&m\/ 0g?
tom;yHrk Quo kd m awGYjrifum xkid af e&m\/ bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / {0ar0 acg? tom;yHw k Ykd ûyNyD;aomtcgü EGm;aumif
udrk jrifç tom;yHrk Quko d m awGYjrifonfEiS hf tvm;wlpmG yifvQif/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ £rar0 um,H? (rdr\ d
½kytf aygif;) þud, k u
f ykd ifvQif/ ,xmXdwH ,xmyPdw?H wnfNrJ xm;NrJ twdik ;f yifvQif/ "mwkaom? owå0gaumif
toufaumif r[kwaf om "mwfoabm taetm;jzif/h ypöa0u©w?d pl;pdu k í
f ½Iqifjcif\/ tw¬d £ro®ð uma,?
þud, k xf üJ ½SMd uaom "mwfoabmwkYd rmS / yx0D"mwk? trmcH"mwfuwrsKd;/ tmayg"mwk? t&nf"mwfuwrsKd;/
awaZm"mwk? tcd;k taiGY"mwfuwrsKd;/ 0ga,m"mwk? av"mwfuwrsKd;/ £wd? þ"mwfoabmrsm;om ½SMd uonf[k
pl;pdu
k íf ½Iqifjcif\/ /£wd? þqdt k yfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g uma,? rdr\ d ½kyftaygif;udk,fürlvnf;/
(£&d,m yxydik ;f teufEiS w hf Nl yD/ /tw¬d uma,mwd 0g yeó-ü ]]tw¬d uma,mwd? "mwfav;yg; taygif;rQom
½So
d nf[}k } þodYk jyifíqdak v/ þrQom xl;awmhonf)/
"mwkreodum&yAÁH? "mwfoabm[k ESvHk;oGif;yHk

tydkif;onf/ ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
1-um,mEkyóem 6-e0od0xduyAÁ
1-yXrydkif;
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© ao,sxmyd yaó,s o&D&H od0xdum, q×dwH {um[rwH 0g 'G[ D rwH 0g
wD[rwH 0g O'¨KrmwuH 0dev D uH 0dyAk u
Á ZmwH? aom £rar0 um,H OyoH[&wdç ]]t,rÜd acg uma,m {0H"ar®m
{0Hbm0D {0HtewDawm}}wd/ £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ ay/ e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/
{0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK© uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
1-yXrydkif;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / yke p? wzefvnf;/ ty&H? wyg;aom ½Iyu kH m;/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ od0xdum,
q×dwH? okomefü pGefYypfxm;tyfaom/ {um[rwH 0g? aoí 1-&uf vGefNyD;aomfvnf; zj pfaom/ 'G[ D rwH 0g?
aoí 2-&ufveG Nf yD;aomfvnf; jzpfaom/ wD[rwH 0g? aoí 3-&uf vGeNf yD;aomfvnf; jzpfaom/ O'¨KrmwuH?
zl;zl;a&mifaom/ 0dev
D uH? rlvtqif;ysufí ñdrk nf;vsuf½adS om/ 0dyAk u Á ZmwH? jynfwpdpk kd pD;,dv k suf½adS om/ o&D&?H
olaoaumifu/kd ao,sxmyd yaó,s? awGYjrif&m ouJo h Ykd / aom? xd&k [ef;onf/ £rar0 um,H? (rdr\ d
½kytf aygif;) þuk,d u f ykd ifvQif/ OyoH[&wd? EIid ;f qorI qifjcif½\ I / t,rÜd acg uma,m? ig\ þ½kyfudk,fonf
vnf;/ {0H"ar®m? þolaoaumifvykd if zl;zl;a&mifjcif; ponfoabm½Sad cs\/ {0Hbm0D? þolaoaumifvydk if zl;zl;
a&mifaom taumifyyk pf onfrcRwf jzpf&rnfomwnf;/ {0HtewDawm? þolaoaumifvykd if zl;zl;a&mifjcif;paom
oabmudk rvGeEf ikd yf gwum;/ £wd? þodYk EIid ;f qorI qifjcif½\ I / £wd? þqdt k yfNyD;aomenf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g
uma,? rdr\ d ½kytf aygif; ud, k üf rlvnf;/ (£&d,myxydik ;f ESiw hf Nl yD/ tw¬d uma,mwd? zl;zl;a&mifaom
olaoaumif ponfjzpfEikd af om ½kyt f aygif;rQom ½So d nf[k .... þrQom jyifq&kd ef xl;awmhonf)/
1-od0xdu yXrydkif; NyD;\/
2-'kwd,ydkif;
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0g cZÆrmeHç od*gF av[d 0g cZÆrmeHç 0d0ad "[d 0g ygPuZmaw[d cZÆrmeH/ aom £rar0 um,H OyoH[&wdç
]]t,rÜd acg uma,m {0H"ar®m {0Hbm0D {0HtewDawm}}wd/ £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ ay/
e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK© uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
2-'kwd,ydkif;
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0g cZÆrmeH? pGew f Ydk cJpm;tyfonfrv l nf; jzpfaom/ *daZÑ[d 0g cZÆrmeH? vif;wwdYk cJpm;tyfonfrv l nf;jzpfaom/
uauF[d 0g cZÆrmeH? bHyk wD;iSuw f Ydk cJpm;tyfonfrv
l nf; jzpfaom/ okeac[d 0g cZÆrmeH? acG;wkYd cJpm;tyfonf
rlvnf;jzpfaom/ Asa*¢[d 0g cZÆrmeH? usm;wkYd cJpm;tyfonf rlvnf; jzpfaom/ 'Dy[ D d 0g cZÆrmeH? usm;opfwYdk
cJpm;tyfonf rlvnf;jzpfaom/ od*gF av[d 0g cZÆrmeH? ajracG;wkYd cJpm;tyfonf rlvnf;jzpfaom/ 0d0ad "[d 0g
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yaó,s? awGYjrif&mouJo h Ydk / aom? xd&k [ef;onf/ £rar0 um,H? (rdr\ d ½kytf aygif;) þud, k af umifuykd ifvQif/
OyoH[&wd? EdiI ;f qorI qifjcif½\ I / t,rÜd acg uma,m? ig\ þ½kyu f , kd o
f nfvnf;/ {0H"r®m? þolaoaumif
vdyk if usD;pGepf aom owå0gtrsKd;rsKd;wkYd cJpm;cH&rnfh oabm½Sad cs\/ {0Hbm0D? þolaoaumifvykd if usD;pGef paom
owå0gtrsKd;rsKd;wkYd cJpm;cH&onf rcRwf jzpfrnfomwnf;/ {0HtewDawm? þolaoaumifvykd if usD;pGef paom
owå0gtrsKd;rsKd;wdYk cJpm;cH&rnfh oabmudk rvGeEf ikd yf gwum;/ £wd? þodYk EIid ;f qorI qifjcif½\ I / £wd? þ
qdtk yfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g uma,? rdr\ d ½kyftaygif;udk,fürlvnf;/ /(£&d,myxydik ;f ESihf wlNyD/ /
tw¬d uma,mwd? usD;pGepf aom owå0gtrsKd;rsKd;wkYd cJpm;cH&rnfh ½kyt f aygif;rQom ½So d nf[k ..... þrQom jyifq&dk ef
xl;awmhonf)/ /
2-od0xdu 'kwd,ydkif; NyD;\/

3-wwd,ydkif;
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© ao,sxmyd yaó,s o&D&H od0xdum, q×dwH t|duocFvu d H o-rHoavm
[dwH ESm½korÁE/Ḧ aom £rar0 um,H OyoH[&wdç ]]t,rÜd acg uma,m {0H"ar®m {0Hbm0D {0HtewDawm}}wd/
£wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ ay/ e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK©
3-wwd,ydkif;
q×dwH? okomefü pGefYypfxm;tyfaom/ o-rHoavm[dw?H tom;ç taoG;ç t<uif; tusefwYdk EiS w hf uG/ ESm½korÁE?Ḧ
taMumwkYd jzifh zGYJ NrJyif zGYJ w, G v f suf½adS om/ t|duocFvu d H o&D&?H t½k;d pk olaoaumifu/kd ao,sxmyd yaó,s?
awGYjrif&mouJo h Ydk / aom? xd&k [ef;onf/ £rar0 um,H? (rdr\ d ½kyt f aygif;) þud, k u
f ykd ifvQif/ OyoH[&wd?
EdiI ;f qorI qifjcif½\ I / t,rÜd acg uma,m? ig\? þ½kyu f , kd o f nfvnf;/ {0H"ar®m? þolaoaumif uJo h Ydk yif
t½k;d pk jzpfjcif;oabm ½Sad cs\/ {0Hbm0D? þ olaoaumifuo hJ Ydk yif t½k;d pk jzpf&rnfomwnf;/ {0HtewDawm? þ
olaoaumifuo hJ Ydk yif t½k;d pkjzpfjcif; oabmudk rvGeEf ikd yf gwum;/ £wd? þokYd EIid ;f qorI qifjcif½\ I / £wd? þ
qdt k yfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g uma,? rdr\ d ½kyt f aygif;ud, k üf rlvnf;/ /(£&d,m yxydik ;f ESihf wlNyD/ /
tw¬d uma,mwd? t½k;d pkjzpfrnfh ½kyt f aygif;rQom ½So
d nf[k ..... þrQom jyifq&kd ef xl;awmhonf)/
3-od0xdu wwd,ydkif; NyD;\/
1-um,mEkyóem 9-e0odxduyAÁ
4-pwkw¬ydkif;
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© ao,sxmyd yaó,s o&D&H od0xdum, q×dwH t|duocFvu d H edro
H avm[d
wru©w
d H ESm½korÁE/Ḧ aom £rar0 um,H OyoH[&wdç ]]t,rÜd acg uma,m {0H"ar®m {0Hbm0D {0Hte
wDawm}}wd/ £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma,/ ay/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK© uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
4-pwkw¬ydkif;
q×dw?H okomefü pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom/ edro H avm[dwru©wd ?H tom;uif;í aoG;<uif;rQjzifh vl;uyfvsuf/
ESm½korÁE?Ḧ taMumwkYd jzifh zGYJ NrJzYJG w,
G v
f suf½adS om/ t|duocFvu d H o&D&?H t½k;d pk olaoaumifu/kd ao,sxmyd
yaó,s? awGYjrif&mouJo h Ydk / aom? xd&k [ef;onf/ /(od0xdu wwd,ydik ;f ESihf wlNyD)/
4-od0xdu pwkw¬ydkif; NyD;\/

1-um,mEkyóem 10-e0od0xuyAÁ
5-yOörydkif;
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© ao,sxmyd yaó,s o&D&H od0xdum, q×dwH t|duocFvu d H ty*wrH
oavm[dwH ESm½korÁE/Ḧ aom £rar0 um,H OyoH[&wdç ]]t,rÜd acg uma,m {0H"ar®m {0Hbm0D {0Hte
wDawm}}wd/ £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ ay/ e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg
bdua© 0 bduK© uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
5-yOörydkif;
q×dw?H okomefü pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom/ ty*wrHoavm[dw?H tom; taoG; vH;k 0uuf;vsuf/ ESm½korÁE/Ḧ taMum
wkYd jzifh zGYJ NrJ zGYJ w,
G v
f suf½adS om/ t|duocFvud H o&D&?H t½k;d pk olaoaumifu/kd ao,sxmyd yaó,s? awGYjrif&m
ouJo h Ykd / aom? xd&k [ef;onf/ /(od0xdu - wwd,ydik ;f ESiwhf Nl yD)/
5-od0xdu yOörydkif; NyD;\/
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orm[dwH 0g pdw?Hå Oypm&orm"dç tyÜemorm"djzifh wnfMunfaom pdwu f rkd v

l nf;/ orm[dwH pdwEå ?dÅ
wnfMunfaom pdw[ f í l / yZmemwd? od\/ torm[dwH 0g pdw?Hå Oypm&orm"dç tyÜemorm"djzifh
rwnfMunfaom pdwu
f rkd vl nf;/ torm[dwH pdwEå ?dÅ rwnfMunfaom pdw[
f í
l / yZmemwd? od\/
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f kd rlvnf;/
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k Hå pdwEå ?dÅ vTwaf om pdw[ f í
l / yZmemwd? od\/ t0drw k Hå 0g pdw?Hå w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ tvdt
k m;jzifh udavomrS
rvGwaf om pdwu f rkd v
l nf;/ t0drw
k Hå pdwEå ?dÅ rvGwaf om pdw[ f íl / yZmemwd? od\/
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d pdwüf rlvnf;/ pdwmå EkyóD 0d[&wd? BuHord pI w
d f
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BuHord I pdwo
f abmrQ[k ½Ijrifvsufae\/ tZÑwå A[d'¨g 0g pdawå? &Hcg rdrd\pdwüf &Hcg olwyg;\ pdwüf rlvnf;/
pdwmå EkyóD 0d[&wd? BuHord I pdwo
f abmrQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf ae\/
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0d[&wd? ae\/ pdwo å ?ð® BuHord pI wd üf / 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g? ysufaMumif;w&m;ESihf ysufroI abmudk ½Ijrifvsuf
rlvnf;/ 0d[&wd? ae\/ pdwo å ?ð® BuHord pI w
d üf / ork',0,"r®mEkyóD 0g? jzpfaMumif; ysuaf Mumif; w&m;ESihf
jzpfryI sufrI oabmudk ½Ijrifvsuf rlvnf;/ 0d[&wd? ae\/
0g ye? owdxifykH wenf;um;/ tw¬d pdwE¬ ?dÅ BuHord I pdwrf Qom ½So d nf[/k tó owd? xd&k [ef;\
trSw&f rI owdonf/ ypöKy|dwm a[mwd? a½S;½Ixif\/ om owd? xko d Ykd xifaom owdonf/ ,m0a'0
ÓPrwåm,? tqifq h ift
h m;jzifh todÓPf wd;k yGg;½kH tvdYk igS omwnf;/ ,m0a'0 y#dówdrwåm,? tqifq h ifh
tm;jzifh wzef trSw&f rI wk;d yGg;½kH tvdYk igS omwnf;/
aom bduK© ? xko
d Ykd trSw&f vsuf odjrifaeaom &[ef;onf/ tedóad wm p 0d[&wd? wPSm'd|jd zifh
rrSrD wG,rf í
l vnf; aeonfrnf\/ avmau? Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;[laom avmuxJü/ udO?dö wpHw k ckaom ½kyçf
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J nf; rpGv
J rf;awmhNyD/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ {0rÜd acg? þ qdt k yfcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifv
h nf;/ pdawå? BuHord -I
pdwüf / pdwmå EkyóD? BuHord I pdwo
f abmrQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd? ae\/
pdwåmEkyóem? pdwfudk½IrI pdwåmEkyóemonf/

ed|dwm? NyD;NyD/
eda'ó0g& 4-"r®mEkyóem 1-eD0&PyAÁ
uxOö ye bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ £" bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd
yOöok eD0&aPok/
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tZÑwåH umrpäEH́ tw¬d ar tZÑwåH umrpäaE´mwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH umrpäEH́ ew¬d ar tZÑwåH umrpäaE´mwd
yZmemwd/ ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é umrpäEó ´ OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é umrpäEó ´ y[meH
a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Deó umrpäEó ´ tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH Asmyg'H tw¬d ar tZÑwåH Asmyga'gwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH Asmyg'H ew¬d ar tZÑwåH
Asmyga'gwd yZmemwd/ ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é Asmyg'ó OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é
Asmyg'ó y[meH a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Deó Asmyg'ó tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö
yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH xderd'Ḧ tw¬d ar tZÑwåH xderd'E¨ dÅ yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH xderd'Ḧ ew¬d ar tZÑwåH
xderd'E¨ dÅ yZmemwd/ ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é xderd'ó ¨ OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é xderd'ó¨
y[meH a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Deó xderd'ó ¨ tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH O'¨pu ö u

k Kú pöH tw¬d ar tZÑwåH O'¨pu
ö u
k Kú pöEdÅ yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH O'¨pu
ö u
k Kú pöH ew¬d
ar tZÑwåH O'¨pu ö uk Kú pöEdÅ yZmemwd/ ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é O'¨pu ö u k Kú pöó OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm
p OyÜEó
é O'¨pu ö uk Kú pöó y[meH a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Deó O'¨pu ö u
k Kú pöó tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g
a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH 0dpdudpäH tw¬d ar tZÑwåH 0dpud pd mä wd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH 0dpu
d pd Hä ew¬d ar tZÑwåH
0dpu
d pd mä wd yZmemwd/ ,xm p tEkyEÜ mé , 0dpu d pd mä , OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEmé ,
0dpu
d pd mä , y[meH a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Dem, 0dpu d pd mä , tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö
yZmemwd/
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"ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd/ ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g "ar®ok 0d[&wd? 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g "ar®ok 0d[&wd?
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eD0&PyAÁH ed|dwH/
eda'ó0g& 4-"r®mEkyóem 1-eD0&Pydkif;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ "ar®o?k owå0gaumifç toufaumif r[kwaf om emrf ½kyf
oabmw&m;wkYd ü/ uxOö? tb,foYkd vQif/ "r®mEkyóD? oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd ye? aeoenf;
[lru
l m;/ bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / £" bduK© ? þomoemawmfu &[ef;onf/ 0g? þomoemawmfü tm;xkwf
aeaom yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ yOöok eD0&aPok? eD0&P ig;yg;[luek af om/ "ar®o?k oabmw&m;wkYd ü/ "r®mEkyóD?
oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd? aeay\/
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tb,foYkd vQif/ "r®mEkyóD? oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd ye? aeygoenf; [lru l m;/
yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ tZÑwå?H ud, f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ oEÅH 0g umrpäE?H́ ½Sad om umrqEúv
k w kd nf;/ 0g? umrqE´½v
dS Qif jzpfvQif
vnf;/ ar? ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k w

f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ umrpäaE´m tw¬w D ?d umrpäE´ ½Sod nfjzpfonf[/k yZmemwd? od\/
tZÑwå?H ud,k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ toEÅH 0g umrpäE?H́ r½Sad om umrpäEu ´ vkd nf;/ 0g? umrpäEr´ ½Sv
d Qifvnf;/ ar? ig\/
tZÑwå?H ud,
k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ umrpäaE´m ew¬w D ?d umrpäE´ r½S[
d /k yZmemwd? od\/
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ tEkyEÜ ó

é umrpäEó ´ ? rlvu rjzpfao;aom umrpäE\
´ / OyÜga'g? ,cktopf jzpfay:
vmjcif;onf/ ,xm? ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö?
ta,medaom reodum&[laom xdt k aMumif;udv
k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ OyÜEó

é umrpäEó ´ ? jzpfay:aeaom umrpäEu
´ /kd y[meH? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh
y,fjcif;onf/ ,xm? a,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö?
a,medaom reodum&[laom xkt d aMumif;udv
k nf;/ yZmemwd? od \/
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Deó umrpäEó´ ? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom umrpäE\

´ / tm,wð
tEkyÜga'g? aemiftcgü wzef pifppf rjzpfay:Edik jf cif;onf/ ,xm? t&d,mr*f [laom tMuiftaMumif;aMumif/h
a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdtk aMumif;udv k nf;? yZmemwd? od\/
tZÑwå?H ud, k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ oEÅH 0g Asmyg'H? ½Sad om Asmyg'udv k nf;? 0g? Asmyg'½Sv
d Qif- jzpfvQifvnf;/
ar? ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k w f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ Asmyga'g tw¬w D ?d Asmyg' ½So
d nf-jzpfonf[/k yZmemwd? od\/ tZÑwåH?
ud,
k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ toEÅH 0g Asmyg'H? r½Sad om Asmyg'udv k nf;/ 0g? Asmyg'r½Sv
d Qifvnf;/ ar? ig\/ tZÑwåH?
ud,
k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ Asmyga'g ew¬w D ?d Asmyg'r½S[
d /k yZmemwd? od\/

é ? rlvu rjzpfao;aom Asmyg'\/ OyÜga'g? ,ck topf jzpfay:vmjcif;onf/
,xm? ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\ / wOö? ta,medaom
reodum& [laom xkt d aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/

é Asmyg'ó? jzpfay:aeaom Asmyg'ud/k y[meH? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh
y,fjcif;onf/ ,xm? a,medaom reodum& [laom tMuiftaMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? a,medaom
reodum&[laom xkt d aMumif;udv
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Deó Asmyg'ó? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom Asmyg'\/ tm,wð
tEkygÜ a'g? aemiftcgü wzefpifppf rjzpfay:Edik jf cif;onf/ ,xm? t&d,mr*f[al om tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h
a[mwd? jzpf\ / wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdt k aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
tZÑwå?H ud,k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ oEÅH 0g xderd'?Ḧ ½Sad om xderd'u ¨ v

kd nf;/ 0g? xderd'½¨ v
dS Qif-jzpfvQifvnf;/ ar?
ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ xderd'Ḧ tw¬w D ?d xderd'¨ ½Sod nf-jzpfonf[/k yZmemwd? od\/ tZÑwåH?
ud,
k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ toEÅH 0g xderd'?Ḧ r½Sad om xderd'u ¨ v
kd nf;/ 0g? xderd'¨ r½Sv
d Qifvnf;/ ar? ig\/ tZÑwåH?
ud,
k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ xderd'Ḧ ew¬w D ?d xderd'¨ r½S[
d /k yZmemwd? od\/

é xderd'ó
¨ ? rlvu rjzpfao;aom xderd'\
¨ / OyÜga'g? ,cktopfjzpf
ay:vmjcif;onf/ ,xm? ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö?
ta,medaom reodum&[laom xkt d aMumif;udv
é xderd'ó
¨ ? jzpfay:aeaom xderd'u
¨ /kd y[meH? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh
y,fjcif;onf/ ,xm? a,medaom reodum& [laom tMuiftaMumif;aMumih/f a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? a,medaom
reodum&[laom xdt k aMumif;udv
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Deó xderd'ó

¨ ? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom xderd'\
¨ / tm,wð
tEkygÜ a'g? aemiftcgü wzef pifppf rjzpfay:Edik jf cif;onf/ ,xm? t&d,mr*f[al om tMuiftaMumif;aMumih/f
a[mwd? jzpf \/ wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdt k aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
tZÑwå?H ud,
k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ oEÅH 0g O'¨pu ö uk Kú pö?H ½Sad om O'¨pu ö u
k Kú pöuv kd nf;/ 0g? O'¨pu ö uk Kú pö ½Sv
d Qif-
jzpfvQivf nf;/ ar? ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ O'¨pu ö uk Kú pöH tw¬w D ?d O'¨pu ö u k Kú pö ½So
d nf-jzpfonf[/k
yZmemwd? od\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ toEÅH 0g O'¨pu ö u k Kú pö?H r½Sad om O'¨pu ö u
k Kú pöuv kd nf;/ 0g? O'¨pu ö uk Kú pö
r½SdvQif-rjzpfvQiv
f nf;/ ar? ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ O'¨pu ö u k Kú pöH ew¬w D ?d O'¨pu ö uk Kú pö r½S[d /k
yZmemwd? od\/

é O'¨puö u
k Kú pöó? rlvu rjzpfao;aom O'¨pu
ö u
k Kú pö\/ OyÜga'g? ,cktopfjzpf
ay:vmjcif;onf/ ,xm? ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö?
ta,medaom reodum&[laom xkt d aMumif;udvk nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
p? xkdYjyifvnf;/ OyÜEéó O'¨puö kuúKpöó? jzpfay:aeaom O'¨pu

ö kuúKpöudk/ y[meH? w'*Fç 0u
d r© eÇ y[mef
tm;jzifh y,fjcif;onf/ ,xm? a,medaom reodum& [laom tMuiftaMumif;aMumih/f a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö?
a,medaom reodum&[laom xdt k aMumif;udv
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Deó O'¨pu

ö u
k Kú pöó? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom O'¨pu
ö u
k Kú pö\/
tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g? aemiftcgü wzef pifppf rjzpfay:Edik jf cif;onf/ ,xm? t&d,mr*f[al om tMuiftaMumif;
aMumih/f a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdt k aMumif;udvk nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
tZÑwå?H ud,
k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ oEÅH 0g 0dpu d pd ?Hä ½Sad om 0dpu d pd mä udv
k nf;/ 0g? 0dpu
d pd äm½SdvQif-jzpfvQifvnf;/
ar? ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud,
k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ 0dpu
d pd mä tw¬w D ?d 0dpu d pd mä ½So
d nf-jzpfonf[/k yZmemwd? od\/
tZÑwå?H ud,
k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ toEÅH 0g 0dpud pd ?Hä r½Sad om 0dpu d pd mä udv
k nf;/ 0g? 0dpu
d pd mä r½Sv
d Qifvnf;/ ar?
ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud,
k wf iG ;f oEÅmefü/ 0dpu
d pd mä ew¬w
D ?d 0dpu d pd mä r½S[
d /k yZmemwd? od\/
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ tEkyEÜ mé , 0dpu

d pd mä ,? rlvu rjzpfao;aom 0dpu
d pd mä \/ OyÜga'g? ,cktopfjzpfay:vm
jcif;onf/ ,xm? ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö?
ta,medaom reodum&[laom xkt d aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ OyÜEmé , 0dpu

d pd mä ,? jzpfay:aeaom 0dpu
d pd mä ud/k y[meH? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh
reodum&[laom xdt k aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Dem, 0dpu

d pd mä ,? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom 0dpu
d pd mä \/ tm,wð
tEkygÜ a'g? aemiftcgü wzef pifppf rjzpfay:Edik jf cif;onf/ ,xm? t&d,mr*f[al om tMuiftaMumif;aMumih/f
a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdt k aMumif;udv
£wd? þqkt d yfNyD;aomenf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g "ar®o?k rdr\

d eD0&P w&m;wkYd ürlvnf;/ "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd?
oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsufae\/ A[d'g¨ 0g "ar®o?k tjyifyjzpfaom olwyg;\ eD0&P w&m;wkYd ürlvnf;/
"r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd? oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsufae\/ tZÑwåA[d'g¨ 0g "ar®o?k &Hcg rdr\ d eD0&P w&m;wkYd ü
&Hcg olwyg;\ eD0&Pw&m;wkYd ürlvnf;/ "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd? oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf ae\/
"ar®o?k eD0&Pw&m;wkYd ü/ ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g? jzpfaMumif;w&m;ESihf jzpfro

I abmudk ½Ijrifvsufrv
l nf;/
0d[&wd? ae\/ "ar®o?k eD0&Pw&m;wkYd ü/ 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g? ysufaMumif;w&m;ESihf ysufro I abmudk ½Ijrifvsuf
rlvnf;/ 0d[&wd? ae\/ "ar®o?k eD0&Pw&m;wkYd ü/ ork',0,"r®mEkyóD 0g? jzpfaMumif;ç ysufaMumif;w&m;ESihf
jzpfrçI ysufro
l nf;/ 0d[&wd? ae\/
0g ye? owdxifykH wenf;um;/ "r®m? owå0gaumif toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ

wkYd onfomvQif/ tw¬w D ?d ½SMd uonf[í l / tó owd? xk&d [ef;\ trSw&f rI owdonf/ ypöKy|dwm a[mwd?
a½S;½Ixif\/ om owd? xdo k Ykd xifaom owdonf/ ,m0a'0 ÓPrwåm,? tqifq h ifth m;jzifh todÓPf wk;d yGg;
½kt
H vdYk igS omwnf;? ,m0a'0 y#dówdrwåm,? tqifq h ift
h m;jzifh wzeftrSw&f rI wk;d yGg;½kH tvdYk igS omwnf;/
aom bduK© ? xdo

k Ykd trSw&f vsuf odjrifaeaom &[ef;onf/ tedóad wm p? wPSm'd|jd zifh rrSrD wG,rf íl
vnf;/ 0d[&wd? aeonf rnf\/ avmau? Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;wnf;[laom avmuxJü/ udO?dö wpHw k ckaom½kyçf
a0'emç onmç ocFg&ç 0dnmPfurkd Q/ e p Oyg'd,wd? igaumifç ighOpöm[k 'd|d wPSmwkYd jzifh pGv J nf; rpGv J rf;
awmhNyD/ bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ yOöok eD0&aPok "ar®o?k ig;yg;ukeaf om eD0&P rnfuek af om
w&m;wkYd ü/ {0rÜd acg? þqdt k yfcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifv
h nf;/ "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumif toufaumif r[kwaf om
oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd? ae\/
eD0&PyAÁH? eD0&PwkdYudk ½IyHktydkif;onf/

ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
4-"r®mEkyóem 2-cEÿAÁ
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd yOöok Oyg'geu©aEö/k uxOö ye bdua© 0 bduK©
"ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd yOöok Oyg'geu©aEö/k £" bdua© 0 bduK© £wd ½ly?H £wd ½lyó ork'a,m? £wd
½lyó tw¬*aF rm/ £wd a0'em? £wd a0'em, ork'a,m? £wd a0'em, tw¬*aF rm/ £wd onm? £wd
onm, ork'a,m? £wd onm, tw¬*aF rm/ £wd ocFg&m? £wd ocFg&meH ork'a,m? £wd ocFg&meH
tw¬*aF rm/ £wd 0dnmPH? £wd 0dnmPó ork'a,m? £wd 0dnmPó tw¬*aF rmwd/ £wd tZÑwåH 0g "ar®ok
"r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd? A[d'g¨ 0g "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd? tZÑwåA[d'g¨ 0g "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd/
ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g "ar®ok 0d[&wd? 0,"r®mEkyóD 0g "ar®ok 0d[&wd? ork',0,"r®mEkyóD 0g "ar®ok
0d[&wd/ tw¬d "r®mwd 0g yeó owd ypöKy|dwm a[mwd/ ,m0a'0 ÓPrwåm, y#dówdrwåm,? tedóad wm
p 0d[&wd? e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd yOöok
Oyg'geu©aEök/
cEÿAÁH ed|dwH/
4-"r®mEkyóem 2-cE¨mydkif;

kH m;/ &[ef;onf/ yOöo?k ig;yg;ukeaf om/
Oyg'geu©aEö?k Oyg'geu©Em¨ rnfuek af om/ "ar®o?k w&m;wkYd ü/ "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumifç toufaumif
r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ ae\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ yOöok Oyg'geu©aEök "ar®o?k ig;yg;ukeaf om Oyg'geu©Em¨

w&m;wkYd ü/ uxOö? tb,foYkd vQif/ "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumifç toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k
½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd ye? aeygoenf; [lru l m;/
yk*d¾Kvfonf/ (£wd? þodYk / yZmemwd? od\/) £wd? þonfum;/ ½lyH? ½kyfaywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ ½lyó?
½kyf\/ ork'a,m? jzpfaMumif; w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? jzpfjcif;oabmaywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ ½lyó? ½ky\ f /
tw¬*aF rm? csKyfaMumif; w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? csKyfjcif; oabmaywnf;/ /£wd? þonfum;/ a0'em? a0'em
aywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ a0'em,? a0'em\/ ork'a,m? jzpfaMumif; w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? jzpfjcif;oabm
aywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ a0'em,? a0'em\/ tw¬*aF rm? csKyfaMumif;w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? csKyfjcif;oabm
aywnf;/ /£wd? þonfum;/ onm? onmaywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ onm,? onm\/ ork'a,m?
jzpfaMumif;w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? jzpfjcif;oabmaywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ onm,? onm\/ tw¬*aF rm?
csKyfaMumif;w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? csKyfjcif;oabmaywnf;/ /£wd? þonfum;/ ocFg&m? ocFg&wkYd aywnf;/
£wd? þonfum;/ ocFg&meH? ocFg&wkYd \/ ork'a,m? jzpfaMumif;w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? jzpfjcif;oabm aywnf;/
£wd? þonfum;/ ocFg&meH? ocFg&wkYd \/ tw¬*aF rm? csKyfaMumif;w&m; aywnf;/ 0g? csKyfjcif; oabmaywnf;/
/£wd? þonfum;/ 0dnmPH? 0dnmPfaywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ 0dnmPó? 0dnmPf\/ ork'a,m?
jzpfaMumif;w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? jzpfjcif; oabmaywnf;/ £wd? þonfum;/ 0dnmPó? 0dnmPf\/ tw¬*aF rm?
csKyfaMumif;w&m;aywnf;/ 0g? csKyfjcif;oabm aywnf;/ £wd? þodYk / (yZmemwd? od\/)
£wd? þqktd yfNyD;aomenf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g "ar®o?k rdr\ d Oyg'geu©Em¨ w&m;wkYd ürlvnf;/ "r®mEkyóD?
owå0gaumifç toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd? ae\/ (eD0&Pydik ;f ESihf enf;rSí D
qkad v/ eD0&Pw&m;wkYd ü-[k ½S&d mwGif Oyg'geu©Em¨ w&m;wkYd ü[k jyifq½kd rHk Qom xl;awmhonf/)
cEÿAÁH? cE¨m-tpkwkdYudk ½IyHktydkif;onf/

ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
4-"r®mEkyóem 3-tm,weyAÁ
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd qok tZÑwåu d Am[da&ok tm,waeok/ uxOö ye
bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd qok tZÑwåu d Am[da&ok tm,waeok/ £" bdua© 0 bduK© pu©KOö
yZmemwd? ½lay p yZmemwd/ ,Oö w'kb,H y#dpö OyÜZw Æ d oHa,mZeH? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó
é oHa,m
Zeó OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é oHa,mZeó y[meH a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p
y[Deó oHa,mZeó tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
aomwOö yZmemwd? oa'´ p yZmemwd? ,Oö w'k,,H y#dpö OyÜZw

Æ d oHa,mZeH? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p
tEkyEÜ ó
é oHa,mZeó OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é oHa,mZeó y[meH a[mwd? wOö
yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Deó oHa,mZeó tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
CmeOö yZmemwd? *aE¨ p yZmemwd/ ,Oö w'kb,H y#dpö OyÜZw

Æ d oHa,mZeH? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p/
ay/ wOö yZmemwd/
Zd0OS ö yZmemwd? &ao p yZmemwd/ ,Oö w'kb,H y#dpö OyÜZw

Æ d oHa,mZeH? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p/ ay/
tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
um,Oö yZmemwd? azm|aAÁ p yZmemwd/ ,Oö w'kb,H y#dpö OyÜZw

Æ d oHa,mZeH? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm
p/ ay/ wOö yZmemwd/
reOö yZmemwd? "ar® p yZmemwd/ ,Oö w'kb,H y#dpö OyÜZw

Æ d oHa,mZeH? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p
tEkyEÜ ó
é oHa,mZeó OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é oHa,mZeó y[meH a[mwd? wOö
yZmemwd/ ,xm p y[Deó oHa,mZeó tm,wð tEkygÜ a'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
ÓPrwåm, y#dówdrwåm,? tedóad wm p 0d[&wd? e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK©
"ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd qok tZÑwåud Am[da&ok tm,waeok/
tm,weyAÁH ed|dwH/
4-"r®mEkyóem 3-tm,weydkif;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / yke p? wzefvnf;/ ty&H? wyg;aom ½Iyu kH m;/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ qok? ajcmufyg;
ukeaf om/ tZÑwåu d Am[da&ok? twGi;f oEÅmefç tyoEÅmefü jzpfuek af om/ tm,waeok? tm,wernfuek af om/
"ar®o?k w&m;wkYd ü/ "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumifç toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd?
ae\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ qok tZÑwåu

d Am[da&ok tm,waeok "ar®o?k ajcmufyg;
ukeaf om twGi;f ç tytm,wew&m;wkYd ü/ uxOö? tb,foYkd vQif/ "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumifç toufaumif
r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsu/f 0d[&wd ye? aeygoenf; [lru l m;/
yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ pu©KOö? pu©Kyom' [kac:aom rsufp½d yk u f v
kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/½lay p? tqif;½kyfwkdYudkvnf;/
yZmemwd? od\/ w'kb,H? rsufpEd iS t DS / ,Oö oHa,mZeH? tMuif q,fyg;aom
hf qif; xkEd pS yf g;ud/k y#dp?ö pGrJ í
oHa,mZOfonfvnf;/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ wOö? xkjd zpfay:aom oHa,mZOfuv kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/

é oHa,mZeó? rjzpfao;aom oHa,mZOf\/ OyÜga'g? jzpfay:jcif;onf/
,xm? ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuiftaMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? ta,medaom reodum&
[laom xkt
d aMumif;udvk nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/

é oHa,mZeó? jzpfay:aeaom oHa,mZOfu/kd y[meH? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Deó oHa,mZeó? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom oHa,mZOf\/

aMumih/f a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdt
k aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
aomwOö? aomwyom'[k ac:aom em;½kyu f v

kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ oa'´ p? toH½kyfwkdYudkvnf;/
yZmemwd? od\/ w'kb,H y#dp?ö em;ESit hf oH xdEk pS yf g;udk pGrJ í
DS / ,Oö oHa,mZeH? tMuif q,fyg;aom oHa,mZOf
onfvnf;/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ wOö? xdjk zpfay:aom oHa,mZOfuv kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ (,xm p-ponfü
wlNyD/ a½S;enf;yif qdak v)/
CmeOö? Cmeyom'[k ac:aom ESmacgif; ½kyu f v kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ *aE¨ p? teHY½kyfwkdYudkvnf;/
yZmemwd? od\/ w'kb,H y#dp?ö ESmacgif;ESit
hf eHY xdEk pS yf g;udk pGrJ í
DS / ,Oö oHa,mZeH? tMuif q,fyg;aom
oHa,mZOfonfvnf;/ OyÜZw
Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ wOö? xdjk zpfay:aom oHa,mZOfuv kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ (,xm p-
ponfü wlNyD)/
Zd0gS Oö? Zd0gS yom'[k ac:aom vQm½kyu f v

kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ &ao p? t&om½kyf wkYd uv kd nf;/
yZmemwd? od\/ w'kb,H y#dp?ö vQmESit hf &om xdEk pS yf g;udk pGrJ í
oHa,mZOfonfvnf;/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ wOö? xdjk zpfay:aom oHa,mZOfuv kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ (,xm p-
ponfü wlNyD)/
um,Oö? u,yom'[k ac:aom ud, k ½f yk u

f v
kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ azm|aAÁ p? tawGY½yk f wkYd uvkd nf;/
yZmemwd? od\/ w'kb,H y#dp?ö ud, k Ef iS thf awGY xdEk pS yf g;udk pGrJ í
oHa,mZOfonfvnf;/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ wOö? xdjk zpfay:aom oHa,mZOfuv kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ (,xm p-
ponfü a½S;enf;twdik ;f yif)/
reOö? rem,we[k ac:aom pdwu f vkd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ "ar® p? "r®m,we[k ac:aom oabm
tm½kw
H Ydk uv
kd nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/ w'kb,H y#dp?ö pdwEf iS o
hf abmtm½kH xdEk pS yf g;udk pGrJ í
DS / ,Oö oHa,mZeH? tMuif
q,fyg;aom oHa,mZOfonfvnf;/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ wOö? xdjk zpfay:aom oHa,mZOfuv kd nf;/ yZmemwd?
od\/

é oHa,mZeó? rjzpfao;aom oHa,mZOf\/ OyÜga'g? jzpfjcif;onf/ ,xm?
ta,medaom reodum& [laom tMuif taMumif;aMumif/h a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? ta,medaom reodum&
[laom xkt
d aMumif;udvk nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/

é oHa,mZeó? jzpfay:aeaom oHa,mZOfu/kd y[meH? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh
p? xkYd jyifvnf;/ y[Deó oHa,mZeó? w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ y[meftm;jzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom oHa,mZOf\/

aMumih/f a[mwd? jzpf\/ wOö? t&d,mr*f[al om xdt
k aMumif;udv k nf;/ yZmemwd? od\/
£wd? þqktd yfNyD;aomenf;jzif/h tZÑwåH 0g "ar®o?k rdr\
d tm,wew&m;wdYk ürlvnf;/ "r®mEkyóD?
owå0gaumifç toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd? ae\/
(eD0&Pydik ;f ESihf teufjyefykH enf;wlNyD/ eD0&Pw&m;wkYd ü-[k ½S&d mwGif tm,we w&m;wkYd ü-[k jyifí qdk½kH
rQom xl;awmhonf)/
tm,weyAÁH? tm,weudk ½IyHktydkif;onf/

ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
4-"r®mEkyóem 4-aAmZÑ*FyAÁ
yke py&H bdua© 0 bduK© "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd owåok aAmZÑa*Fo/k uxOö ye bdua© 0 bduK©
"ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd owåok aAmZÑa*Fo/k £" bdua© 0 bduK© oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH owdoarÁmZÑ*ø twåd ar
tZÑwåH owdoarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH owdoarÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH owdoarÁmZÑa*Fgwd
yZmemwd/
,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é owdoarÁmZÑ*Fó OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó
é
owdoarÁmZÑ*Fó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH "r®m0dp,oarÁmZÑ*ø tw¬d ar tZÑwåH "r®m0dp,oarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH
"r®0pd ,oarÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH "r®0pd ,oarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd? ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é "r®0pd ,oarÁmZÑ*Fó
OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é "r®0pd ,oarÁmZÑ*Fgó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö
yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH 0D&,d oarÁmZÑ*ø tw¬d ar tZÑwåH 0D&, d oarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH
0D&,
d oarÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH 0D&,
d oarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd? ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é 0D&,d oarÁmZÑ*Fó OyÜga'g
a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é 0D&,
d oarÁmZÑ*Fgó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH yDwod arÁmZÑ*ø tw¬d ar tZÑwåH yDwo d arÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH
yDwo
d arÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH yDwo
d arÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd? ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é yDwo
d arÁmZÑ*Fó OyÜga'g
a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é yDwo d arÁmZÑ*Fgó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH yó'd̈oarÁmZÑ*ø tw¬d ar tZÑwåH yó'd̈oarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH

yó'd̈oarÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH yó'd̈oarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd? ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó
é yó'd̈oarÁmZÑ*Fó OyÜga'g
a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é yó'd̈oarÁmZÑ*Fgó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH orm"doarÁmZÑ*ø tw¬d ar tZÑwåH orm"doarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH

orm"doarÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH orm"doarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd? ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó
é orm"doarÁmZÑ*Fó OyÜga'g
a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é orm"doarÁmZÑ*Fgó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/
oEÅH 0g tZÑwåH Oayu©moarÁmZÑ*ø tw¬d ar tZÑwåH Oayu©moarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd/ toEÅH 0g tZÑwåH

Oayu©moarÁmZÑ*ø ew¬d ar tZÑwåH Oayu©moarÁmZÑa*Fgwd yZmemwd? ,xm p tEkyEÜ ó é Oayu©moarÁmZÑ*Fó
OyÜga'g a[mwd? wOö yZmemwd/ ,xm p OyÜEó é Oayu©moarÁmZÑ*Fgó bm0em, yg&dy&l D a[mwd? wOö
yZmemwd/
ÓPrw¬m, y#dówdrwåm,? tedóad wm p 0d[&wd? e p udOdö avmau Oyg'd,wd/ {0rÜd acg bdua© 0 bduK©
"ar®ok "r®mEkyóD 0d[&wd owåok aAmZÑa*Fok/
aAmZÑ*FyAÁH ed|dwH/
4-"r®mEkyóem 4-aAmZÑifydkif;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / yke p? wzefvnf;/ ty&H? wyg;aom ½Iyu kH m;/ bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ owåo?k ckepfyg;
ukeaf om/ aAmZÑa*Fo?k (opöm 4-yg;udk odaMumif;jzpfí) aAmZÑif rnfuek af om/ "ar®ok "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumifç
toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/ 0d[&wd? ae\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / bduK© ? &[ef;onf/ owåok aAmZÑifa*Fok "ar®o?k ckepfyg;ukeaf om aAmZÑifw&m;wkYd ü/

uxOö? tb,foYkd vQif/ "r®mEkyóD? owå0gaumifç toufaumif r[kwaf om oabmw&m;rQ[k ½Ijrifvsuf/
0d[&wd ye? aeygoenf; [lru l m;/
yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ tZÑwå?H ud, k w f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ oEÅH 0g owdoarÁmZÑ*ø? ½Sad om owdoarÁmZÑifuv kd nf;/ 0g? owd
oarÁmZÑif ½Sv
d Qif -jzpfvQivf nf;/ ar? ig\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k w f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ owdoarÁmZÑa*Fg tw¬w D ?d owdoarÁmZÑif
½Sdonf-jzpfonf[/k yZmemwd? od\/ tZÑwå?H ud, k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefü/ toEÅH 0g owdoarÁmZÑ*ø? r½Sad om owd
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tMuif &ifah &mfjcif;wnf/ ,H c@dp?Hö tMuifomG ;usKd;jcif;onf/ ,H ygvdp?Hö tMuifqjH zLjcif;onf/ ,m 0vdwpå wm?
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þqdt k yfcNhJ yD;aom oabmud/k Z&m? tdjk cif;[lí/ 0kpwö ?d qdt
k yf\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / r&PH? aojcif;onf/ uwrOö? tb,fygenf; [lru l m;/ awoH awoH owåmeH? xdx k kd
owå0gwkYd \/ wrSm wrSm owåeu d m,m? xdx k kd owå0g taygif;xJü/ ,m pkw?d tMuif a½GYavsmjcif;onf/ ,m
p0ewm? tMuif a½GYavsmaom tjcif;t&monf/ a,m ab'g? tMuif ysufjcif;onf/ ,H tEÅ&"meH? tMuifu, G f
aysmufjcif;onf/ ,H rpöK r&PH? tMuifaoqH;k jcif;onf/ ,m umvH ud&, d m? tMuifaojcif;udk ûyjcif;onf/
cE¨mwkYd \/ a,m aba'g? tMuifysufjcif;onf/ uaV0&ó? ud, k af umifu/kd a,m edau©ayg? tMuifypfcsjcif;onf/
ZD0w
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bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / £'H? þqdt k yfcNhJ yD;aom oabmud/k r&PH? aojcif;[lí/ 0kpw ö ?d qdt
k yf\/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / aomaum? pd;k &dryf al qG;jcif;onf/ uwarm p? tb,fygenf; [lru l m;/ bdua© 0?
&[ef;wkYd / tnw&nwa&e? wyg;yg;aom/ Asoaee? aqGrsKd; ysufp;D jcif; Opömysufp;D jcif; a&m*gESyd pf ufjcif;
oDvysupf ;D jcif; t,lysupf ;D jcif;-[laom ysufp;D rIEiS /hf orEém*wó? awGYêuHvsuf jynfph akH om ol\¤if;/ tnw&
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a,m aomaum? tMuifp;kd &dryf al qG;jcif;onf/ ,m aompem? tMuif pd;k &drf ylaqG;jcif; trlt&monf/ ,H
aompdwwå?H tMuif pd;k &drf ylaqG;onf\ tjzpfonf/ a,m taEÅmaomaum? tMuiftwGi;f ü ylaqG;jcif;onf/
a,m taEÅmy&daomaum? tMuiftwGi;f ü wvIu d vf u dI f jyif;pGm ylaqG;jcif;onf/ tw¬?d ½S\
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&[ef;wkYd / tnw&nwa&e? wyg;yg;aom/ Asoaee? ysufp;D rIEiS /hf orEém*wó? awGYêuHvsuf jynfph akH om ol\
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udk ajymqdí k jrnfwrf;onf\ tjzpfonf/ tw¬d? ½Sd\/ bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / t,H? þqdt k yfcahJ om oabmud/k
y&da'a0g/ ikad <u;jrnfwrf;jcif;[lí/ 0kpwö ?d qdt
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'ku?H© tMuifu, kd x
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l /
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&[ef;wkYd ? ,H apwoduH 'ku?H© tMuif pdwx f üJ jzpfaom qif;&Jonf/ ,H apwoduH tomwH? tMuif pdwx f üJ
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f / a, 0g ye aw? tMuif yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd onfrv l nf;/ tó?
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k \ l / tew¬umrm? tusKd;rJuh kd vdv
k m;ukeo f nf/ t[dwumrm? tpD;tyGg;rJu h kd vdv k m;ukeo f nf/ tzmoku
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(2) ½lyg avmau? o'´g avmau? *E¨mavmau? &om avmau? azm|AÁm avmau? "r®mavmau yd,½lyH
omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZrÆ mem OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬ ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(3) pu©K0dnmPH avmau? aomw0dnmPH avmau? Cme0dnmPH avmau? Zd0gS 0dnmPH avmau?
um,0dnmPH avmau? raem0dnmPH avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZrÆ mem OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬
ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(4) pu©Koræaóm avmau? aomworæaóm avmau? Cmeoræaóm avmau? Zd0gS oræaóm

avmau? um,oræaóm avmau? raemoræaóm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZrÆ mem
OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬ ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(5) pu©KoræóZm a0'em avmau? aomworæaóZm a0'em avmau? CmeoræaóZm a0'em

avmau? Zd0gS oræaóZm a0'em avmau? um,oræaóZm a0'em avmau? raemoræaóZm a0'em avmau
yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZrÆ mem OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬ ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(6) ½lyonm avmau? o'ónm avmau? *Eönm avmau? &oonm avmau? azm|AÁonm
avmau? "r®onm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZeÆ m OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬ ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(7) ½lyoaOöwem avmau? o'óaOöwem avmau? *EöaOöwem avmau? &ooaOöwem avmau?

azm|AÁoaOöwem avmau? "r®oaOöwem avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZeÆ m OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬
ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(8) ½lywPSm avmau? o'´wPSm avmau? *E¨wPSm avmau? wPSm avmau? azm|AÁwPSm
avmau? "r®wPSm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZeÆ m OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬ ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(9) ½ly0dwauúm avmau? o'´0wd auúm avmau? *E¨0w

d auúm avmau? &o0dwauúm avmau?
azm|AÁ0w
d auúm avmau? "r®0wd auúm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZeÆ m OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬
ed0o
d rmem ed0o
d wd/
(10) ½ly0dpma&m avmau? o'´0pd ma&m avmau? *E¨0pd ma&m avmau? &o0dpma&m avmau?
azm|AÁ0pd ma&m avmau? "r®0pd ma&m avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm OyÜZeÆ m OyÜZw
Æ ?d {w¬ ed0o
d rmem
ed0o
d wd/
£'H 0kpöwd bdu©a0 'ku©ork'a,m t&d,opöH/

ork',opöc@H ed|dwH/
2-ork',opömtcPf;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / 'kum© ork'a,m? qif;&JjzpfaMumif; rnfaom/ t&d,opö?H t&d,mwkYd odtyfaom

trSew
f &m;onf/ uwrOö? tb,fygenf; [lru l m;/
,m,H wPSm? tMuif qmavmifrI wPSmonf/ aygaemAÇ0u d m? wzef b0opfukd jzpfapwwf\/ eED́&m*
o[*wm? ESpo f uf wyfpaJG om oabmvnf; jzpf\/ wMw wMw? awGYwikd ;f êuHwikd ;f aom xdx k kd twåabm
xdxk tkd m½küH / tbdeEd́e?D ESpo
f ufvufcH aysmfv;J aysmfpw
H wf\/ ao,sxd'?H þwPSmu tb,fenf;[lru l m;/
umrwPSm? umr*kPüf qmavmifwyfruf ESpo f ufrI (umrwPSm) ¤if;/ b0wPSm? b0ü qmavmifwyfruf
ESpof ufrI (b0wPSm)¤if;/ 0db0wPSm? b0uif;jywfjcif;ü qmavmifwyfruf ESpo f ufrI (0db0wPSm) ¤if;/
(t,H? þwPSm oHk;yg;yifwnf;/)
bdu©a0? &[ef;wkdY/ om acg yaeom wPSm? xdo k ;kH yg;aom wPSmonf/ OyÜZrÆ mem? jzpfvwfaomf? uw¬
OyÜZwÆ ?d tb,fü jzpfygoenf;/ ed0o d rmem? ude;f vwfaomf/ uw¬ ed0o d wd? tb,fü ude;f ygoenf; [lrul m;/
avmau? ocFg&avmuü/ ,H yd,½lyH omw½ly?H tMuif cspfz, G o
f abmç om,bG,o f abmonf/ tw¬?d ½S\ d /
{om wPSm? xdo k ;kH yg;aom wPSmonf/ OyÜZrÆ mem? jzpfvwfaomf/ {w¬? þcspfz, G çf om,mbG,f oabmü/
OyÜZw
Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ ed0o d rmem? ude;f vwfaomf/ {w¬? þcspfz, G çf om,mbG,f oabmü/ ed0od wd? ude;f \/
avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ yd,½lyH omw½ly?H cspfz,

G o
f abmç om,mbG,o
f abmonf/ udO?ö tb,fyg
enf; [lru
l m;/
(1) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ pu©K? rsufpo d nf/ yd,½lyH omw½ly?H cspfz,

G of abmç om,mbG,f
oabm aywnf;/ {om wPSm? xdo k ;kH yg;aom wPSmonf/ OyÜZrÆ mem? jzpfvwfaomf/ {w¬? rsufpw d nf;[laom
þcspzf ,
G f om,mbG,f oabmü/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpfay:\/ ed0o
d rmem? ude;f vwfaomf/ {w¬? rsufpw
d nf; [laom
þcspfb, G f om,mbG,f oabmü/ ed0o d wd? ude;f \/ avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ aomwH? em;onf ...../ CmeH?
ESmacgif;onf ..../ Zd0Sg/ vQmonf ...../ uma,m? udk,fonf ...../ raem? ESvHk;onf ..... (pu©K-yk'rf mS vdyk if
tjynfth pHk qdak v)/
(2) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ ½lyg? tqif;wkdYonf ..../ o'´g? toHwkdYonf ..../ *E¨m? teHYwkdYonf ..../
&om t&omwkdYonf ...../ azm|AÁm? tawGYwkdYonf ..../ "r®m? oabmwkdYonf ..../
(3) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ pu©K0dnmPH? jriford I pu©K 0dnmPfonf ..../ aomw0dnmPH? Mum;odrI
aomw0dnmPfonf ..../ Cme0dnmPH? eHodrI Cme 0dnmPfonf/ Zd0Sg0dnmPH? pm;odrI Zd0Sg0dnmPfonf ..../
um, 0dnmPH? xdord I um,0dnmPfonf ...../ raem0dnmPH? BuHord I raem0dnmPfonf/
(4) avmau? ü/ pu©Koræaóm? jrifawGYro I nf ..../ aomworæaóm? Mum;awGYro I nf .../

Cmeoræaóm? pm;awGYro
I nf ..../ um,oræaóm? xdawGYrIonf ..../ raemoræaóm? BuHawGYrIonf ..../
(5) avmau? ü/ pu©KoræóZm a0'em? jrifawGYraI Mumifh jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ aomw oræóZm
a0'em? Mum;awGYraI Mumifjzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ CmeoræóZm a0'em? eHawGYraI Mumifh jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf
..../ Zd0gS oræóZm a0'em? pm;awGYraI Mumifjh zpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ um,oræóZm a0'em? xdawGYraI Mumifh
jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ raemoræóZm a0'em? BuHawGYraI Mumifh jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../
(6) avmau? ü/ ½lyonm? tqif;ü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../ o'ónm? toHü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../
*Eönm? teHYü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../ &o onm? t&omü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../ azm|AÁonm? tawGYü
rSwfom;rIonf ..../ "r®onm? oabmü rSwfom;rIonf ..../
(7) avmau? ü/ ½lyooaOöwem? tqif;ü aphaqmf wdu k w

f eG ;f rIonf ..../ o'óaOöwem? toHü aphaqmf
wdkufwGef;rIonf ..../ *EöaOöwem? teHYü aphaqmfwu kd w
f eG ;f rIonf ..../ &ooaOöwem? t&omü aphaqmf
wdu
k w
f eG ;f rIonf ..../ azm|AÁoaOöwem? tawGYü aphaqmfwukd w
f eG ;f rIonf ..../ "r®oaOöwem? oabmü aphaqmf
rIonf ..../
(8) avmau? ü/ ½lywPSm? tqif;ü qmavmifro I nf ..../ o'´wPSm? toHü qmavmifrIonf ..../
*E¨wPSm? teHYü qmavmifro I nf ..../ &owPSm? t&omü qmavmifro I nf ..../ azm|AÁwPSm? tawGYü
qmavmifrIonf ..../ "r®wPSm? oabmü qmavmifrIonf ..../
(9) avmau? ü/ ½ly0dwauúm? tqif;ü BuHro

I nf ..../ o'´0wd auúm? toHü BuHroI nf ..../ *E¨0wd auúm?
teHYü BuHro
I nf ..../ &o0dwauúm? t&omü BuHro
I nf ..../ azm|AÁ0w
d auúm? tawGYü BuHroI nf ..../ "r®0wd auúm?
oabmtm½kHü BuHrIonf ..../
(10) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ ½ly0dpma&m? tqif;ü pOf;pm;rIonf ..../ o'´0pd ma&m? toHü
pOf;pm;rIonf ..../ *E¨0dpma&m? teHYü pOf;pm;rIonf ..../ &o0dpma&m? t&omü pOf;pm;rIonf ..../ azm|AÁ0pd ma&m?
tawGYü pOf;pm;rIonf ..../ "r®0pd ma&m? oabmtm½küH pOf;pm;rIonf/ yd,½lyH omw½ly?H cspfz, G o
f abmç
om,mbG,f oabmaywnf;/ {om wPSm? xdo k ;kH yg;aom wPSmonf/ OyÜZrÆ mem? jzpfvwfaomf/ {w¬? oabm
tm½kuH kd pOf;pm;rI[al om þcspfz, G çf om,mbG,f oabmü/ OyÜZw Æ ?d jzpf\/ ed0o d rmem? ude;f vwfaomf/ {w¬?
oabmtm½ku H kd pOf;pm;rI [laom þcspfz,
G f om,mbG,f oabmü/ ed0o d wd? ude;f \/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / £'H? þwPSmud/k 'kuo
© rk'a,m t&d,opö?H qif;&JjzpfaMumif; rnfaom t&d,opöm
[lí/ 0kpw
ö d? qdktyf\/
ork',opöc@H? ork',opöm tcPf;onf/

ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
3-eda&m"opöc@
uwrOö bdua© 0 'kue© ad &ma"m t&d,opö?H a,m wóma,0 wPSm, taoo0d&m*eda&ma"m pma*g
y#deóa*¾g rkwdå temva,m/
om acg yeom bdua© 0 wPSm uw¬ y[D,rmem y[D,wd? uw¬ ed½Zk Ñrmem ed½Zk Ñwd? ,H avmau
yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½Zk Ñrmem ed½Zk Ñwd/ udOö avmau yd,½lyH
omw½lyH¿.....
(1) pu©K avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½Zk Ñrmem ed½Zk Ñwd?
aomwH avmau? CmeH avmau? Zd0gS avmau? uma,m avmau? raem avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om
wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½Zk Ñrmem ed½Zk Ñwd/
(2) ½lyg avmau? o'´g avmau? *E¨mavmau? &om avmau? azm|AÁm avmau? "r®mavmau yd,½lyH
omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½Zk Ñrmem ed½Zk Ñwd/
(3) pu©K0dnmPH avmau? aomw0dnmPH avmau? Cme0dnmPH avmau? Zd0gS 0dnmPH avmau?
um,0dnmPH avmau? raem0dnmPH avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬
ed½kZÑrmem ed½kZÑwd//
(4) pu©Koræaóm avmau? aomworæaóm avmau? Cmeoræaóm avmau? Zd0gS oræaóm
avmau? um,oræaóm avmau? raemoræaóm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem
y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½kZÑrmem ed½kZÑwd//
(5) pu©KoræóZm a0'em avmau? aomworæaóZm a0'em avmau? CmeoræaóZm a0'em

avmau? Zd0gS oræaóZm a0'em avmau? um,oræaóZm a0'em avmau? raemoræaóZm a0'em avmau
yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½kZÑrmem ed½kZÑwd//
(6) ½lyonm avmau? o'ónm avmau? *Eönm avmau? &oonm avmau? azm|AÁonm
avmau? "r®onm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½Zk Ñrmem ed½Zk Ñwd//
(7) ½lyoaOöwem avmau? o'óaOöwem avmau? *EöaOöwem avmau? &ooaOöwem avmau?

azm|AÁoaOöwem avmau? "r®oaOöwem avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬
(8) ½lywPSm avmau? o'´wPSm avmau? *E¨wPSm avmau? wPSm avmau? azm|AÁwPSm
avmau? "r®wPSm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬ ed½kZÑrmem ed½kZÑwd//
(9) ½ly0dwauúm avmau? o'´0wd auúm avmau? *E¨0w d auúm avmau? &o0dwauúm avmau?
azm|AÁ0wd auúm avmau? "r®0w
d auúm avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬
(10) ½ly0dpma&m avmau? o'´0pd ma&m avmau? *E¨0pd ma&m avmau? &o0dpma&m avmau?
azm|AÁ0pd ma&m avmau? "r®0pd ma&m avmau yd,½lyH omw½ly?H {aw¬om wPSm y[D,rmem y[D,wd? {w¬
£'H 0kpöwd bdu©a0 'ku©eda&ma"m t&d,opöH/

eda&m"opöc@H ed|dwH/
3-eda&m"opöm tcPf;
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / 'kue© ad &ma"m? qif;&J\ csKyfNidr;f &mrnfaom/ t&d,opö?H t&d,mwkYd odtyfaom
trSew
f &m;onf/ uwrOö? tb,fygenf; [lru l m;/
wóma,0 wPSm,? ork',opömrnfaom xdw k PSm\ yifvQi/f a,m taoo0d&m*eda&ma"m? tMuif

t<uif;rJh ysujf y,fjcif; csKyfjcif; oabmonf/ 0g? t<uif;rJh ysujf y,f&m csKyf&moabmonf/ a,m pma*g?
tMuifpeG Yf jcif;-pGeYf &m oabmonf/ a,m y#deó d a*¾g? tMuif vGwv
f w
G pf eG Yf jcif; vGwv
f w
G f pGeYf &m oabmonf/
,m rkw?då tMuifvw T jf cif; vTw&f moabmonf/ a,m temva,m? tMuif rNiduyf rwG,w f mjcif;-rNiduyf
rwG,w
f m&m oabmonf/ tw¬?d ½S\ d / £'H? þoabmyifwnf;/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / om acg yaeom wPSm? xdk wPSmonf/ y[D,rmem? y,ftyfonf ½Sad omf/ 0g?
uif;aysmufvwfaomf/ uw¬? tb,fü/ y[D,wd? y,ftyfygoenf;/ 0g? uif;aysmufygoenf;/ ed½Zk Ñrmem?
csKyfonf½adS omf/ uw¬? tb,fü/ ed½Zk Ñwd? csKyfygoenf; [lru l m;/ avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ ,H yd,½lyH
omw½ly?H tMuifcspfz, G f oabmç om,mbG,o f abmonf/ tw¬?d ½S\ d / {om wPSm? xdkwPSmonf/
y[D,rmem? y,ftyfonf ½Sad omf/ {w¬? þcspfz, G çf om,mbG,f oabmü/ y[D,wd? y,ftyf\/ ed½kZÑrmem?
csKyfonf ½Sad omf/ {w¬? þcspfz,
G çf om,mbG,f oabmü/ ed½Zk Ñwd? csKyf\/
avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ yd,½lyH omw½ly?H cspfz,

G o
f abmç om,mbG,f oabmonf/ udO?ö
tb,fygenf; [lru
l m;/
(1) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ pu©K? rsufpo d nf/ yd,½lyH omw½ly?H cspfz, G o

f abmç om,mbG,f
oabm aywnf;/ {om wPSm? xdw k PSmonf/ y[D,rmem? y,ftyfonf½adS omf/ {w¬? rsufpw d nf;[laom
þcspfz, G f om,mbG,f oabmü/ y[D,wd? y,ftyf\/ ed½Zk Ñrmem? csKyfonf½adS omf/ {w¬? rsufpw d nf; [laom
þcspfb, G çf om,mbG,f oabmü/ ed½Zk Ñwd? csKyf\/ avmau? ocFg& avmuxJü/ aomwH? em;onf ...../ CmeH?
ESmacgif;onf ..../ Zd0Sg? vQmonf ...../ uma,m? udk,fonf ...../ raem? ESvHk;onf ...../
(2) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ ½lyg? tqif;wkdYonf ..../ o'´g? toHwkdYonf ..../ *E¨m? teHYwkdYonf ..../
&om t&omwkdYonf ...../ azm|AÁm? tawGYwkdYonf ..../ "r®m? oabmwkdYonf ..../
(3) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ pu©K0dnmPH? jriford I pu©K 0dnmPfonf ..../ aomw0dnmPH? Mum;odrI
aomw0dnmPfonf ..../ Cme0dnmPH? eHodrI Cme 0dnmPfonf/ Zd0Sg0dnmPH? pm;odrI Zd0Sg0dnmPfonf ..../
um, 0dnmPH? xdord I um,0dnmPfonf ...../ raem0dnmPH? BuHord I raem0dnmPfonf/
(4) avmau? ü/ pu©Koræaóm? jrifawGYro I nf ..../ aomworæaóm? Mum;awGYrIonf .../

Cmeoræaóm? eHawGYrIonf ...../ Zd0SgorÆaóm/ pm;awGYrIonf ..../ um,oræaóm? xdawGYrIonf ..../
raemoræaóm? BuHawGYrIonf ..../
(5) avmau? ü/ pu©KoræóZm a0'em? jrifawGYraI Mumifh jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ aomworæóZm
a0'em? Mum;awGYraI Mumifjzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ CmeoræóZm a0'em? eHawGYraI Mumifh jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf
..../ Zd0gS oræóZm a0'em? pm;awGYraI Mumifjh zpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ um,oræóZm a0'em? xdawGYraI Mumifh
jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../ raemoræóZm a0'em? BuHawGYraI Mumifh jzpfaom cHpm;rIonf ..../
(6) avmau? ü/ ½lyonm? tqif;ü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../ o'ónm? toHü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../
*Eönm? teHYü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../ &o onm? t&omü rSwo f m;rIonf ..../ azm|AÁonm? tawGYü
rSwfom;rIonf ..../ "r®onm? oabmü rSwfom;rIonf ..../
(7) avmau? ü/ ½lyooaOöwem? tqif;ü aphaqmf wdu k w

f eG ;f rIonf ..../ o'óaOöwem? toHü
aphaqmfwu
kd w
f eG ;f rIonf ..../ *EöaOöwem? teHYü aphaqmfwu
kd w
f eG ;f rIonf ..../ &ooaOöwem? t&omü aphaqmf
wdu
k wf eG ;f rIonf ..../ azm|AÁoaOöwem? tawGYü aphaqmfwu
kd w
f eG ;f rIonf ..../ "r®oaOöwem? oabmü aphaqmf
wdu
k w
f eG f;rIonf ..../
(8) avmau? ü/ ½lywPSm? tqif;ü qmavmifrIonf ..../ o'´wPSm? toHü qmavmifrIonf ..../
*E¨wPSm? teHYü qmavmifro I nf ..../ &owPSm? t&omü qmavmifro
I nf ..../ azm|AÁwPSm? tawGYü
qmavmifrIonf ..../ "r®wPSm? oabmü qmavmifrIonf ..../
(9) avmau? ü/ ½ly0dwauúm? tqif;ü BuHro

I nf ..../ o'´0w d auúm? toHü BuHro
I nf ..../ *E¨0wd auúm?
teHYü BuHro
I nf ..../ &o0dwauúm? t&omü BuHro
I nf ..../ azm|AÁ0w
d auúm? tawGYü BuHroI nf ..../ "r®0w
d auúm?
oabmtm½kHü BuHrIonf ..../
(10) avmau? ocFg&avmuxJü/ ½ly0dpma&m? tqif;ü pOf;pm;rIonf ..../ o'´0dpma&m? toHü

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ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
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opöyAÁH? opömudk ½IyHktydkif;onf/

ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
tmedoHouxm
a,m [d aumpd bdua© 0 £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae {0H bma0,s owå 0ómed? wó 'GEd Hé zvmeH
tnw&H zvH yg#ducø 'da|0 "ar® tnmç owd 0g Oyg'daoao tem*grdwm/
wd|EÅK bdua© 0 owå 0ómed? a,m [d aumpd bdua© 0 £ar pw¬ma&m owdy|mae {0H bma0,s q
0ómed? yOö 0ómed? pwåmed 0ómed? wDPd 0ómed? a'G 0ómed? {uH 0óH/
wd|wk bdua© 0 {uH 0óH? a,m [d aumpd bdua© 0 £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae {0H bma0,s owå
rmomed? wó 'dEG Hé zvmeH tnw&H zvH yg#ducø 'da|0 "ar® tnmç owd 0g Oyg'daoao tem*grdwm/
wd|wk bdua© 0 owå rmomed? a,m [d aumpd bdua© 0 £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae {0H bma0,s q
rmomed? yOö rmomed? pwåm&d rmomed? wDPd rmomed? a'G rmomed? {uH rmoH? t¹krmoH/ y/
wd|wk bdua© 0 t¹krmaom? a,m [d aumpd bdua© 0 £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae {0H bma0,s owåm[H?
wó 'dEG Hé zvmeH tnw&H zvH yg#ducø 'da|0 "ar® tnmç owd 0g Oyg'daoao tem*grdwmwd/
tusKd;tmedoifjy rdefYcGef;awmf
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / a,m [d aumpd? trSwrf ½Sd wpHw k a,mufaom yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ 0g? wpHw k a,mufaom
&[ef;a,musfm;ç &[ef;rde;f rç Oygouma,musfm;ç Oygodum rde;f rjzpfaom yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ £ar pwåma&m
owdy|mae? þav;yg;aom owdy|mefwYdk u/kd {0H? tmemyge paom 21-ydik ;f wdYk ü þa[mjytyfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h
owå 0ómed? ckepfEpS w f Ydk ywfv;kH / bma0,s? jzpfap-yGg;apjim;tHh/ ({0H owd? þodkY yGg;apygvQif/) wó? xdkyGg;
apol (&[ef;a,musfm;ç &[ef;rde;f rç Oygouma,musfm;ç Oygodumrde;f rjzpfaom yk*Kd¾ vf)tm;/ 'da|0 "ar®?
rsufarSmuf twåabm-,ckb0üyifvQif/ tnm 0g? t&[wåzv kd f jzpfap/ owd Oyg'daoao? Oyg'geft<uif;
tusef ½Sdao;vQif/ tem*grdwm 0g? tem*grdzdkvfjzpfap/ 'GdEéH zvmeH? þ 2-yg;aom zdv k w
f Ydk wiG /f tnw&H zvH?
wyg;yg;aom zdv k u
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ay\/
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k a,mufaom &[ef;ç &[ef;
rde;f rç Oygoumç Oygodumronf/ £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae? þav;yg;aom owdy|mefwYdk u/kd {0H? þ
a[mjytyfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h q 0ómed? 6-ESpfwkdY ywfvHk; ...../ yOö 0ómed? 5-ESpfwkdYywfvHk; ..../ pwåm&d 0ómed?
4-ESpfwkdYywfvHk; ...../ wDPd 0ómed? 3-ESpfwkdYywfvHk; ..../ a'G 0ómed? 2-ESpfwkdYywfvHk; ..../ {uH 0óH?
wESpyf wfv;kH / bma0,s? jzpfap-yGg;apjim;tH/h ({0H owd? þodYk yGg;apvQif/) wó? xdyk gG ;apoltm; (enf;wlyif)/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / {uH 0óH wd|wk? wESpo

f nf wnfygapOD;-aeygapOD;/ 0g? wESpw
f w
kd mudk xm;vdu
k f
ygOD;awmh/ bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / a,m [d aumpd? trSwrf ½Sd wpHw
k a,mufaom &[ef;ç &[ef;rde;f rç Oygoumç
Oygodumronf/ £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae? þav;yg;aom owdy|mefwYdk u/kd {0H? þa[mjytyfNyD;aom
enf;jzif/h owå rmomed? ckepfvwkYd ywfv;kH / bma0,s? jzpfap-yGg;apjim;tH/h ({0H owd? þodYk yGg;apygvQif/)
wó .... (enf;wlNyD)/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / owå rmomed wd|EÅK? ckepfvwkYd onf wnfMuygapOD;-aeMuygapOD;/ 0g? ckepfv
qdwk mudk xm;vdu k yf gOD;awmh/ bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / a,m [d aumpd? trSwrf ½Sd wpHw
k a,mufaom &[ef;ç &[ef;
rde;f rç Oygoumç Oygodumronf/ £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae? þav;yg;aom owdy|mefwYdk u/kd {0H? þa[mjy
tyfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h q rmomed? 6-vwkYd ywfv;kH / yOö rmomed? 5-vwkYd ywfv;kH / pwåm&d rmomed? 4-vwdYk
ywfvHk;/ wDPd rmomed? 3-vwkdYywfvHk;/ a'G rmomed? 2-vwdYk ywfv;kH / {uH rmoH? wvywfv;kH / t¹krmoH? vcGJ
(15-&uf) ywfv;kH / bma0,s? jzpfap-yGg;ap jim;tH/h ({0H owd? þodYk yGg;apvQif/) wó .... (enf;wlNyD)/
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / t¹krmaom? vcGoJ nf/ wd|wk? wnfygapOD;-aeygapOD;/ 0g? vcGyJ gG ;ap&rnf qdw k mudk
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Oygoumç Oygodumrjzpfaom yk*dK¾ vfonf/ £ar pwåma&m owdy|mae? þav;yg;aom owdy|mefwYdk u/kd {0H?
,cka[mjytyfNyD;aom enf;jzif/h owåm[H? ckepf&ufywfv;kH / bma0,s? jzpfap-yGg;ap jim;tH/h ({0H owd? þodYk
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k w
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vdvk m;tyfay\/ £wd? þwGif w&yfNyD;\/
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d m,? ,'d'H pwåma&m owdy|memwd £wd ,H wH 0kw?Hå
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0drkpðö olwd/)
r[mowdy|meokwåH ed|dwH/
a'oemawmf\ ed*;kH csKyfrdefYcGef;awmf
bdua© 0? &[ef;wkYd / pwåma&m? av;yg;ukeaf om/ ,'d'-H a, £ar owdy|mem? pGNJ rJaom trSw&f rI-owd
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{um,aem ra*¾gwd? wckwnf;aomvrf; waMumif;wnf;aom vrf;[lí/ £wd? þodYk ? ,H wH? tMuifw&m;
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a'oemawmfjrwf tNyD;owfownf;/
£'H? þ r[mowdy|meokwf a'oem pum;awmfu/kd b*0g? bke;f awmfBuD;aom bk&m;ocifonf/

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f suf/ tbdeE´L?H om"kac:vsuf
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tyfaomaMumifh a0,smu&P rnfaom þr[mowdy|meokwf w&m;awmfBuD;ud/k bnrmae? a[mMum;awmf
rltyfpOf/ wð orwåmeH bduK© o[ómeH? oH;k aomif;rQavmufuek af om &[ef;awmfwYdk \/ pdwmå ed? pdww f Ykd onf/
tEkyg'g,? wpHw k ckurkd Q igaumiftae ighOpömtaejzifh rpGv

J rf;ukeb
f /J tmoa0[d? tmoa0gw&m;wkYd r/S 0drpk ðö ok?
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r[mowdy|meokwåH? r[mowdy|me
okwfawmfBuD;onf? ed|dwH? NyD;NyD/
edosed*Hk;
(1) ESpaf xmifah v;&m? ud;k q,frmS ? pGe;f vmoHck ak usmf/

(2) omoemESp?f ouú&mZf? a&mufvpf tcgawmf/
(3) waxmifo h ;kH &m? qJw h jzm? jrefrm ESptf ac:/
(4) uqkeq f wk v f wf? w&ufrw S ?f NyD;vwfþusrf;awmf/
(5) qJoh ;kH ckwiG ?f jznfjh yifqif? pufwif ESyd Nf yD;aomf/
(6) owdy|mef? r*fvrf;rSe?f oGm;&ef ñTejf yazmf/
(7) vrf;rSef oGm;Mu? edAmÁ ef&? 'ku© Nidr;f apaomf/
r[mowdy|meokwf edosed*Hk; NyD;NyD/
aemufqufwGJ
þowdy|mefygXfeo d s pmrsuEf mS 69-70-wkYd ü 0rf;Adu k \f azmif;jcif; ydejf cif;ESiw
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t&tm;jzif¤h if; ,loifah omaMumifh jyqdjk cif; jzpfonf/
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I kd OD;wnfí pGypf x
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I ykd if y"me
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azm|AÁm,weç azm|AÁ"mwfç 0ga,m"mwfç 'kuo © pömwkYd onf rkcs0dyóem ½Ityfaomw&m;ç ½Iaumif;aom
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f
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f nf}}[k ½Ivsuf ¤if;awmifw
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f efpmG odjcif;onf-
½lyH bdua© 0 a,medaom reod ua&mx? ½lygedpw

ö Oö ,xmblwH
orEkyóx-
&[ef;wkYd ? ½kyu
f kd oifah vsmfreS u f efpmG ESv;kH oGi;f Mu ½IMuukeaf vmh? ½ky\
f
rNrJjcif;udv
k nf; [kww f ikd ;f rSepf mG ½IMuukeaf vmh/ (oH 2-42)/
tedpaö n0 bdua© 0 bduK© ½lyH tedpEö dÅ yówd? omó a[mwd

or®m'd|-d
&[ef;wkYd ? &[ef;onf rNrJonfomvQif jzpfaom ½kyu f kd rNrJ[k ½Ijrif\?

xd&k [ef;\ xd½k jI rifjcif;onf or®m'd|d - tjrifreS af ywnf;/ (oH 2-42)/
þodkY tp½Sdaom cEö,H w k f a'oemygVdawmfwYdk EiS v
hf nf; nDñw
G \
f ? r[mowdy|meokwv
f m cE¨"r®m
Ekyóemüvnf; twGi;f 0if\/ xkYd jyif -
azm|aAÁ bdua© 0 a,medaom reodua&mx? azm|AÁmedpw

ö Oö ,xm
blwH orEkyóx -
&[ef;wkYd ? awGYx&d aom tm½kw H Ydk ukd oifah vsmf rSeu

f efpmG ESv;kH oGi;f Mu
½IMuukeaf vmh? awGYx&d aom tm½kw H Ydk \ rNrJjcif;udv k nf; [kww f ikd ;f rSepf mG ½IMu
ukeaf vmh/ (oH 2-355)/
tedapöa,0 bdua© 0 bduK© azm|aAÁ tedpmö wd yówd? omó a[mwd

or®m'd|d -
&[ef;wkYd ? &[ef;onf rNrJonfomvQif jzpfuek af om awGYx&d aom tm½kH

wdYk ukd rNrJuek [
f k ½Ijrif\? xk&d [ef;\ xk½d jI rifjcif;onf or®m'd|-d tjrifreS f
aywnf; (oH 2-355)/
azm|aAÁ tbdZmeH y&dZmeH 0d&mZ,H yZ[H baAÁm 'kuu

© ,
© m, -
&[ef;wkYd ? awGYx&d aom tm½kw H Ydk ukd a½S;½Iov

d Qif ydik ;f jcm;odvQif wyfruf
jy,fapvQif y,fpeG Yf vQif qif;&Juek jf cif;iSg (qif;&Juek &f m t&[wåzv kd ef Ad mÁ efukd
rsuaf rSmufûyjcif;iSg) xdu
k af y\/ (oH 2-250)/
azm|aAÁ tedpaö wm Zmeawm yóawm t0dZmÆ y[D,wd? 0dZmÆ OyÜZw

Æ -d
awGYx&d aom tm½kw H Ydk ukd rNrJ[k odjrifaom oltm; t0dZmÆ udk y,ftyf\/
(t0dZmÆ aysmufuif;\)? 0dZmÆ ÓPf jzpfay:\/ (oH 2-259)/
þodYk tp½Sad om oVm,weoH,w k f a'oemygVdawmfwYdk EiS v

hf nf; nDñw
G \
f ? r[mowdy|meokwv
f m
tm,we "r®mEkyóemüvnf; twGi;f 0if\/ xkYd jyif -
,m ap0 acg ye tZÑwu

då m 0ga,m"mwk ,m p Am[d&m 0ga,m"mwk?
0ga,m"mwka&a0om? wH ]]aewH rr? aeaom[ro®?d e araom twåm}}wd
{0arwH ,xmblwH or®ynÜ m, '|AÁH -
tMuif ud,k w
f iG ;f 0ga,m "mwfonf¤if;? tMuif ud, k yf 0ga,m"mwf
onf¤if; ½Sd\/ ,if; 2-rsKd;vH;k onf 0ga,m"mwfcsnf;omwnf;/ ,if; 0ga,m
"mwfukd ]]þonfum; ighOpöm r[kw?f þonfum; igr[kw?f þonfum;
ig\twår[kw}f }[k þodYk trSeo f ad om ynmjzifh [kww
f ikd ;f rSepf mG ½Ijriftyf\/
(r 2-85? r 3-285)
þodYk tp½Sad om "mwka'oem ygVdawmfwYdk EiS v

hf nf; nDñwG \
f ? r[mowdy|meokwv f m "mwk reodum&
um,mEkyóemüvnf; twGi;f 0if\/ xkYd jyif 0rf;Adu k \ f awmifwh if; vIy½f mS ;rI 0ga,m½kyo
f nf ½kyOf yg'geu©Em¨
'kuo
© pömw&m; jzpfaomaMumifh -
uwrOö bdua© 0 'kuH© t&d,opö?H yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ wdó 0peD,H -
&[ef;wkYd ? 'ku© t&d,opöm[lonf tb,fenf;? Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;

[lí ajzqdt
k yf\/ (oH 3-373)/
'kuH© bdua© 0 t&d,opöH y&dan,sH -
&[ef;wkYd ? 'ku© t&d,opömudk ydik ;f jcm;odtyf\/ (oH 3-382)/
þodYk tp½Sad om opöa'oem ygVdawmfwYdk EiS v

hf nf; nDñw
G \
f / r[mowdy|meokwv
f m t&d,opö"r®m
Ekyóemüvnf; twGi;f 0if\/
txufyg om"u ygVdwYdk jzifh 0rf;Adu k \

f azmif;rI yderf [ I k ac:aom awmifw h if; vIy½f mS ;rIukd ½ItyfaMumif;
vnf; xif½mS ;\/ xdak zmif;rI yderf u I kd ½Ijcif;jzifh rSeuf efpmG odjrifaom or®m'd|çd 0dZmÆ ÓPf jzpfay:í rdpmä 'd|d
t0dZmÆ wkYd ukd y,fEidk af Mumif;ç r*fzv
kd ef Ad mÁ efoYkd vnf; qdu
k af &mufEikd af Mumif;vnf; xif½mS ;\/
oDv0wm0kaom aum|du bduK© em yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ tedpaö wm

'kua© wm/ y/ tewåawm a,medaom reod umwAÁm/ XmeH acg yaewH
tm0kaom 0dZw Æ d ,H oDv0g bduK© £ar yOöKyg'geu©aE¨ tedpaö wm 'kua© wm/
y/ tewåawm a,medaom reod ua&maEÅm aomwmywåzd vH opäu d a&,s/ y/
ou'g*grdzvH opäu d a&,s/ y/ tem*grdzvH opäud a&,s/ y/ t&[wåzvH
opäu d a&,s/ (oH 2-136)
igh½iS f aum|du? oDvESihf jynfph akH om &[ef;onf Oy'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;

wkYd ukd tedpö 'ku/© y/ tewå[k enf;vrf;rSepf mG ESv;kH oGi;f tyf ½Ityf\/ igh½Sif
aum|du? oDvESihf jynfph akH om &[ef;onf þOyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;wkYd ukd tedpö
'ku/© y/ tewå[k enf;vrf;rSepf mG ESv;kH oGi;f vQif ½IvQif aomwmywåzd v kd u f kd
rsufarSmufûyEdik &f ef taMumif;½Sad y\/ y/ aomwmyefonf ou'g*grdzv kd u f kd
rsufarSmufûyEdik &f ef? ou'g*grfonf tem*grdzv kd u
f kd rsufarSmufûyEdik &f ef?
tem*grfonf t&[wåzv kd u
f kd rsufarSmufûyEdik &f ef taMumif;½Sad yonf/ (jrefrm
jyef)
txufyg oDv0EÅow k jf zifh Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;udk rSepf mG ½IvQif aomwmyef ou'g*grf tem*grf &[EÅm
jzpfEikd af Mumif; xif½mS ;jy\/ azmif;rI yderf o I nf ½kyOf yg'geduE© m¨ ü yg0ifaom 0ga,m½kyaf ywnf;/ odYk jzpfí xdk
azmif;rI yderf I 0ga,m½kyu f kd ½Ijcif;jzifh aomwmyefvnf; jzpfEikd af Mumif;? ou'g*grf tem*grf &[EÅmvnf; jzpfEikd f
aMumif; tvGeyf if xif½mS ;vSayawmh\/
,xm ,xm 0g yeó uma,m yPd[ad wm a[mwd? wxm wxm eH

yZmemwd -
½kyu
f ,
dk o
f nf tMuif tMuif tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaevQif xdx
k dk
tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xd½k yk u
f ,
kd u
f kd od\-[laom -
þowdy|meokwf ygVdawmfü ]],xm ,xm-tMuiftMuif tjcif;t&mç wxm wxm-xdx k dk tjcif;t&m}}
[laom pum;wkYd onfvnf; azmif;rI yderf EI iS w
hf uG ud,
k tf rlt&m tvH;k pHu k kd jyEdik Mf uonfomwnf;? rjyEdik o f nf
r[kwaf y/ xdu
k , kd tf rlt&m tvH;k pHo
k nfvnf; ,ckxw k jf ycJNh yD;aom okwyf gVdawmfwYdk t&tm;jzif¤h if;? tvm;wl
tjcm;okwfygVdawmfwkdYt&tm;jzifh¤if; 0dyóem ½Ityf ½Iaumif;aom ½kyw f &m;csn;f omvQif jzpfayonf? xdk ud, k f
trlt&m ½kywf Ykd wiG f 0dyóem r½Iaumif;aom ½kyrf nfonf wpHw k ckrQ r½Sad cs/ odYk jzpfí azmif;rI yderf EI iS w
hf uG
tao;pdwf ud, k t f rlt&m [lorQudk þ ]],xm ,xm 0g yeó}} paom 0gusü xnfo h iG ;f í jyjcif;onf
rnfonfh ygVdawmfEiS rhf Q rqefYusifonfjh yif ½kyu

f ½kd &I efjyaom ygVdawmftm;vH;k ESihf wom;wnf; nDapjcif;
tusKd;vnf; ½Sd\/ þ £&d,myxyAÁü ½Ioifah om ½kyw f &m;tm;vH;k jynfph jkH cif; tusKd;vnf; ½S\
d /
xdYk jyif jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tvdak wmfrmS vnf; ½Ioifah om ½kyef mrf[o l rQü pGr;f Edik yf gu tedpö 'ku© tewå[k
½Ijcif;udo
k m vdv k m;awmfr\l ? ½IEikd yf gvsuf r½IbJ >cif;csefxm;jcif;udk tvdak wmf r½Sad y/ xkYd aMumifh þ £&d,myx
yAÁü ½Ioifah om ½kyw f &m;tm;vH;k t<uif;rJh jynfph akH p&ef jrwfpmG bk&m; tvdak wmfEiS t
hf nD oGi;f jycJjh cif; jzpfayonf/
igwdYk omvQif þodYk oGi;f jyonfr[kwaf o;? aus;Zl;½Sif v,fwq D &awmf bk&m;BuD;onfvnf; tewå
'DyeDusrf; pmrsufEmS (5)ü atmufygtwdik ;f oGi;f jyawmfrcl ahJ vNyD/
v,fwD q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ oGif;jyyHk
,xm ,xm 0g yeó uma,m yPd[ad wm a[mwd? wxm wxm eH

yZmemwd -
[laom ygXfjzifu h m; ]]jyqdck NhJ yD;aom £&d,mykxBf uD; av;yg;twGi;f ü

jzpfaom ud, k t
f *Fg tpdwt f aygif;wkYd \ vIyjf cif; ½Sm;jcif; xm;jcif; odjk cif;csjD cif;
<ujcif; tp½Sad om ud, k t f rlt&m tpkukd ûyaomtcgüvnf; ûyaeustwdik ;f
trSww f rJh rûy&m? rnfoYdk ûyrnf[k xdu k ,
kd t
f *Fgudk tm½kûH yíom ûy&rnf}} [laom
tpDt&ifukd jyawmfrlonf/
vd&k if;tcsKyfum; um,*wmowd qdo k nfEiS t

hf nD rdrcd E¨mud,
k rf S
vTw&f m tyodYk rdrpd w d u
f kd xGuí
f rvGiyhf g;&atmif owdjzifh csKyfxed ;f rI
aywnf;/ þodYk £&d,mykxBf uD; £&d,mykxif ,fwYdk ü ûyaeustwdik ;f trSww f rJh
rûyaprlí tvH;k pHk taphti odí odí pdwx f w J iG f xifjrifí xifjrifíomvQif
ûyrdonfukd toar®m[orÜZn qdo k wnf;/
t|uxmwkYd ü jyaom £&d,myx tpDt&if toar®m[ orÜZn

tpDt&ifwYdk onfum; eufeaJ om ÓPfynm½Sad om yk*Kd¾ vfwYdk EiS o
hf m oihaf vsmf
aom tpDt&ifwYdk aywnf;/ (tewå'yD eD-5)/
txufyg pum;&yfwYdk rmS tao;pdwf ud, k t

f rlt&mwkYd ukd ,xm ,xm 0g yeó-0gusü aus;Zl;½Sif
v,fwD q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;\ oGi;f jycsuf jzpfayonf/ xdpk um;&yfxrJ S aemufq;kH tyd'k w f iG f t|uxmü jyqdk
csurf sm;udv k nf; a0befxm;aomaMumifh v,fwq D &mawmfb&k m;BuD;onf xdpk um;&yfwYdkukd a&;pOfu t|uxm
#DumwkYd uvkd nf; aocsmpGm Munf½h NI yD;rS ygVdawmf\ teuft"dygÜ ,fukd tjynft h pHk &apEdik af om taumif;qH;k
teufukd a½G;cs,fí a&;om;cJo h nf[k rSw, f o l ifah yonf/ qdik &f m t|uxm#DumwkYd ukd rxkwjf yjcif;rSmrl
usr;f rav;apvdak omaMumif¤h if;? t|uxm #DumtzGiw hf Ykdukd tus,f ra0befvakd omaMumif¤h if; rjycJjh cif;om
jzpf&m\/ t|uxm #DumwkYd ukd xdecf sefvadk omaMumifh rjycJo h nf[íl um; rjypfrmS ;oifah y? igwkYd vnf; xkYd twlyif
usrf;rav;apvdak omaMumif¤h if;? t|uxm #DumwkYd ukd tus,f ra0befvadk omaMumif¤h if; þedosESm 69-70wkYd ü
qdik &f mt|uxm #DumtzGiw hf Ydkukd rjycJjh cif; jzpfayonf/ ,ckru l m; y&0g'Dy*k Kd¾ vfwOD;u pGypf x JG m;aomaMumifh
qdik &f m t|uxm #DumwkYd uv kd nf; þt&mü xkwí f jyaytH/h
t|uxmtzGifh
,xm ,xm 0g yeó/ y/ yZmemwDwd oAÁo*Fg[du0pearwH/ £'H

0kwHå a[mwd-a,e a,e 0g tmuma&eó uma,m Xdawm a[mwd? awe
awe eH yZmemwd/ *remuma&e XdwH *päww D d yZmemwd? XmeedoZÆmo,em
uma&e XdwH o,maemrSw
D d yZmemwDw/d ('D-| 2-358? r-| 1-257)/
,xm ,xm 0g yeó/ y/ yZmemwd [laom þpum;onf tvH;k pHu k kd
odr;f ,laom pum;aywnf;/ þodYk aom teufukd qdv k akd y\-wenf;um;
tMuif tMuif tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xd&k [ef;\ ud, k o
f nf wnfonfjzpft?hH xdx
k dk
tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xdu k ,kd u
f kd od\/ oGm;aom tjcif;t&mjzifh wnfaom
ud,
k u f kd oGm;onf[k od\/ &yf-xdik -f avsmif;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh
wnfaom ud, k uf kd avsmif;onf[k od\-þodYk aywnf;/ (jrefrmjyef)
oAÁo*Fg[du0peEÅd oaAÁorÜd pwkEHé £&d,myxmeH {uZÑH o*FPSe

0apeH? ykaAÁ 0dokH 0dokH £&d,myxmeH 0kww
å må £'H aeoH {uZÑH *a[wGm 0peEÅd
taw¬m? yk&rd ea,m 0g £&d,myxyÜ"maem 0kawåmwd ww¬ uma,m tyÜ"maem
tEkeyd gæ 'Dwd £" um,H y"meHç tyÜ"meOö £&d,myxH tEkeyd gæ 'ð uwGm 'aówHk
'kuwd,ea,m 0kawåmwd {0arÜw¬ 'GEd Hé e,meH 0daoaom a0'dwaAÁm/ ('D #D 2-
306/ r #D 1-353)/
tvH;k pHu k kd odr;f ,laom pum;[lonfrmS tvH;k pHv k nf; jzpfuek af om

£&d,mykxf 4-yg;wkYd ukd waygif;wnf; odr;f ,laom pum;wnf;/ £&d,mykxf
wkYd ukd a½S;ü toD;toD; qdt k yfcahJ omaMumifh þ (,xm ,xm paom pum;)
onf ¤if;wkYd ukd waygif;wnf; ,líqdak om pum;wnf;/ wenf;um; (*päaEÅm 0g
*pämrDwd yZmemwd) paom a½S;enf;udk £&d,mykxv f Qif jy"mef;onfukd ûyí
a[mtyf\/ xkYd aMumifh xdek nf;ü um,onf rjy"mef; tpOfvu kd í
f yg0ifNyD;pD;
\/ (aemufvu kd jf zpf\)? odYk jzpfí þt&mü um,udk y"meûyí¤if;? £&d,mykxf
udk tpOfvu kd í
f yg0ifNyD;pD;aom (aemufvu kd )f tyÜ"meûyí¤if; jyjcif;iSg (,xm
,xm 0g yeó-paom) 'kw, d enf;udk a[mtyfonf[k þt&mü enf; 2-yg;
wkYd \ txl;udk þodYk rv l nf; odtyf\/ (jrefrmjyef)/
txufyg ygVd t|uxmwkYd ü teuf t"dygÜ ,f,yl kH ,lenf;rSm (1) #DumyXrtzGiu

hf kd rlwnfí ,lenf;/ (2)
#Dum 'kw,
d tzGiu
hf kd rlwnfí ,lenf;tm;jzifh 2-rsK;d uGjJ ym;\/
#DumyXrtzGifht& ,lenf;
xdw
k iG f (1) #Dum yXrtzGit hf vdt k m;jzifh oAÁo*Fg[du0pe[laom yk'üf oAÁ-t& ud, k tf rlt&mtvH;k pHu
k kd
rqdvk ?kd £&d,mykxf tvH;k pHu k okd m qdv k o kd nf/ odYk jzpfí wxm wxm a,e a,e tmuma&e? tMuiftMuif
tjcif;t&m[laom pum;ç ,xm ,xm awe awe tmuma&e-xdx k t
kd jcif;t&m [laom pum;wkYd jzifh
uk,
d t f rlt&m tvH;k pHu k kd r,l&? £&d,mykxwf 4-yg; trlt&m tvH;k pHu k okd m ,l&rnf/ xd£ k &d,mykxf 4-yg;udyk if
*remuma&e Xdw/H y/ o,maemrSw D d yZmemwDw-d [laom pum;jzifh tjynft h pHk o½kyx
f wk jf yonf? xdx
k uf
ydv
k eG íf r,l&[k qdv k \kd / tb,fuo hJ Ydk enf;[lrl pdwHå OyÜEHé a[mwd ½lyg&r®PH 0g/ y/ "r®m&r®PH 0g ,H ,H 0g
yem&AÇ [laom "r®o*FPyD gVdawmf\ tzGit hf |omvdeüD -
,H ,H 0g yem&AÇmwd {w¬ t,H a,mZema[|m 0kawåok ½lyg&r®Pm'Dok

½lyg&r®PH 0g tm&AÇ tm&r®PH uwGmwd taw¬m/ o'´g&r®PH 0g/ y/ "r®m&r®PH
0g tm&AÇ OyÜEHé a[mwd/ (ESm 149)
,H ,H 0g yem&AÇ-[laom þygXfü þqdv k wHrh mS ,SOpf yfyakH ywnf;-

atmuf (a½S;)ü qdktyfcJhNyD;ukefaom ½lyg½kHponfwkdYwGif ½lyg½kHudk jzpfap pGJrSDí
tm½kHûyí[k qdkvdk\/ o'´g½kHudk jzpfap tm½kHûyí/ y/ "r®m½kHudkjzpfap tm½kHûyí
pdwo
f nf jzpfay:\/ (jrefrmjyef) [laom -
þtzGiu hf o
hJ Ydk yif ,ltyf\/ qdkvdkonfrSm a½S;ü ½lyg½kHpaom tm½kH 6-yg;udk tm½kûH yí pdwjf zpfonf[k
qdck NhJ yD;aemuf ,if;\ tjcm;rJüh wqufwnf;yif qufvufí qkad om (,H ,H 0g yem&AÇ) [laom pum;jzifh
teufydk teufxl;r&? a½S;ü qdktyfcJhNyD;aom tm½kH 6-yg;xJrS trSwfr½Sd tpOfr½Sd wyg;yg;udk tm½kHûyí pdwfjzpf
onf [laom teufuo kd m ,l&ouJo
h Ydk þ,xm ,xm 0g yeó ponfüvnf; a½S;ü qdck NhJ yD; £&d,mykxf 4-yg;
xJu trSwrf ½Sd tpOfr½Sd wyg;yg;aom £&d,mykxjf zifh wnfaom ud, k u
f kd od&rnf-[k qdv
k \ kd / þum; #Dum
yXr tzGiu hf kd rlwnfí ,lyakH ywnf;/
tqdyk g y&0g'Dy*k Kd¾ vfonf txufyg #DumrS yXrtzGit hf & ,lenf;udo k mvQif twnfûyí þedos ESm 69-
70ü oGi;f jyyHu
k kd &if&h ifo
h ;D oD; &uf&ufpufpuf y,fzsupf yG pf x JG m;\/ trSet f m;jzifq h vkd Qif azmif;rI yderf I paom
tao;pdwf ud, k tf rlt&mwkYu d kd xd#k u
D mtzGihf yXrenf; tvdt k m;jzifh ,xm ,xm 0g yeó 0gusü r0if[k qdEk ikd f
apumrl "mwkreodum&a'oemç cEä'oemtp½Sad om &maygif;rsm;pGmaom tjcm;okweå f a'oemawmfwYkdü
twGi;f 0ifaeonfom jzpfaomaMumifh xdo k Ykd wzufowf rpGypf JG ry,fzsuo f ifyh g? xdYk jyif xd#k u
D müyif yXrenf;udk
tm;r&í aemufxyf qdx k m;aom 'kw, d enf; tvdt k m;jzifrh l xdt k ao;pdwf ud, k tf rlt&mwkYd onfvnf; ,xm
,xm 0g yeó-paom xd0k gusü 0ifoifah o;onf omwnf;? 0ifoifyh u kH kd ½Si;f jyOD;tH/h
#Dum 'kwd,tzGifht& ,lenf;

(2) #Dum 'kw, d tzGiühf ]]um,H y"meH tyÜ"meOö £&d,myxH tEkeyd gæ 'ð uwGm 'aówHk 'kw, d ea,m
0kawåm}} [laom pum;jzifh ,xm ,xm 0g yeó paom 'kw, d enf; a'oemü ]]um,udyk if y"meûyí jyonf?
£&d,mykxu f rkd l aemufvukd f tyÜ"meûyí jyonf}}[k qdx k m;aomaMumifh oAÁo*Fg[du0pe yk'rf S oAÁ-tvH;k pH\ k
t&udv k nf; y"meûytyfaom um,\trlt&m [lorQudk ,ltyf\? tyÜ"mejzpfaom £&d,mykxf 4-yg;rQudo k m
,ltyfonf r[kwaf y/ þodYk tvH;k pHak om ud, k t
f rlt&mwkYd ukd ,lvu kd o
f nf ½Sad omf xdu k ,
kd t
f rlt&mwkYd EiS hf
pyfqdkifaom £&d,mykxf 4-yg;wkYd onfvnf; aemufvu kd f taetm;jzifh tvdv k ykd g0ifomG ;uke\
f / Oyrm-xdik af epOf
]],xm ,xmç wxm wxm-t&}} wnfNidraf ejcif; a½SYoYkd ,dr;f jcif; aemufoYkd jyefjcif; auG;jcif; qefYjcif; vIy½f mS ;
jcif; azmif;jcif; ydejf cif; ponfwYdkukd ½IíodvQif xdik jf cif; £&d,mykxBf uD;udv k nf;? tyÜ"metm;jzifh odonfyif
rnfavawmh\/ oGm;aepOf &yfaepOf avsmif;aepOf wkYd üvnf; xdx k kd ud,
k t
f rlt&m [lorQudk ½Ií odvQif oGm;jcif;
&yfjcif; avsmif;jcif; £&d,mykxw f Ydkuv kd nf; tyÜ"metm;jzifh odonfyif rnfavawmh\/ þodkY udk,ftrlt&m
wckcu k kd y"meûyí od&mü tvdv k ykd g0ifNyD;pD;oGm;aom £&d,mykxBf uD;wkYd ukd #Dumü tEkeyd gæ 'D-[k rdeYf qx kd m;av
onf/ þonfum; 0g-wenf;um;-[k jyqkad om #DumtzGihf 'kw, d enf;t& ]],xm ,xm 0g yeó}} paom
0gusü teuft"dygÜ ,f ,lykH ,lenf;aywnf;/
odYk jzpfvQif t|uxmü £&d,mykxBf uD; 4-yg;jzifh wnfaeyHu k o kd m jyí tao;pdwf ud, k t
f rlt&mwkYd jzifh
wnfaeyHu k kd tb,fah Mumifh rjyygoenf;[lrl .... xif½mS ;jy"mef;aom £&d,mykxBf uD; 4-yg;jzifh wnfaeyHu k kd
jyvdu k v
f Qif rjy"mef;aom tao;pdwf ud, k t
f rlt&mwkYd jzifh wnfaeyHuk vkd nf; odEikd af omaMumifh ¤if;wkYd ukd o½kyt
f m;
jzifh xkwí f rjycJo h nf[k rSwt
f yf\/ þodYk ud, k t f rlt&m omrnudk odapvdak omaMumifyh if þokw\ f tzGihf
t|uxmwkYd ü ,xm ,xm-yk'u f kd ]]a,e a,e tmuma&e-tMuif tMuif tjcif;t&mjzif}h }[k omrnom
zGijhf yawmfral yonf/ tu,fí £&d,mykxf trlt&m 0daooudo k m tvd½k ydS grl þt&mü ,H ,H 0g yem&AÇ-
[laom yk'\ f tzGihf t|omvdet D |uxmwkYd ü uJo h Ydk ]]£'H 0kwHå a[mwd-a[|m 0kawåok £&d,myaxok a,e
a,e 0g tmuma&e-þodYk aom teufukd qdv k akd y\-wenf;um; atmufü (a½S;ü) qdck NhJ yD;aom £&d,mykxf
av;yg;wdYk wiG f tMuif tMuif tjcif;t&mjzif}h }[k ed'g¨ &P 0daooeyk'Ef iS w hf uG wdwu d sus jyqdck ahJ v&m\/
rSeaf y\/ "r®o*FPyD gVdawmfü -

,o®ð ora, umrm0p&H ukovH pdwHå OyÜEHé a[mwd/ y/ ½lyg&r®PH 0g

o'´g&r®PH 0g *E¨m&r®PH 0g &om&r®PH 0g azm|AÁm&r®PH 0g "r®m&r®PH 0g ,H
,H 0g yem&AÇ-
tMuif tcgü umrm0p& ukodkvfpdwfonf ½lyg½kHudk jzpfap? o'´g½ku H kd

jzpfap? *E¨m½ku
H jkd zpfap? &om½ku
H kd jzpfap? azm|AÁm½ku
H kd jzpfap? "r®m½ku
H kd jzpfap?
wenf;tm;jzifrh l trSwrf ½Sad om tMuif tMuif tm½kH wckcu k kd tm½kûH yí
jzpfay:\-[lí
pdwu f kd tm½kjH zifh owfrw S í

f jy&mwGif pdw\ f tm½kHonf ½lyg½kHtp "r®m½kHtqHk; 6-rsKd;om ½Sad omaMumifh
"r®m&r®PH 0g wdkifatmifaom pum;jzifhyif tm½kH 6-yg;vH;k jynfph o kH mG ;NyDjzpfí ]],H ,H 0g yem&AÇ-trSwfr½Sdaom
tMuif tMuif tm½kw H ckcu k kd tm½kûH yí}} [laom aemufq,
G pf um;&yfü tm½kt H opfjzifh owfrw
S zf ,
G f r½Sad wmhNyD/
odYk jzpfí xdyk gVdawmf\ tzGihf t|omvdeD t|uxmü -
,H ,H 0g yem&AÇmwd {w¬ t,H a,mZema[|m 0kawåok ½lyg&r®Pm'Dok

½lyg&r®PH 0g tm&AÇ/ y/ "r®m&r®PH 0g tm&AÇ OyÜEéH a[mwd -
wenf;tm;jzifrh l trSwrf ½Sad om tMuif tMuif tm½kw H ckcuk kd tm½kûH yí

[laom ygXfü þqdv k wHoh nfum; ,SOpf yfyakH ywnf;-atmufü (a½S;½lyg&r®PH 0g
ponfü) qdkcJhNyD;aom ½lyg½kH ponfwkdYwGif ½lyg½kHudk jzpfap tm½kHûyí/ y/ "r®m½kH
udk jzpfap tm½kûH yí (pdwo
f nf) jzpfay:\-[k zGijhf yxm;\/
k zGiühf a[|m 0kawåok ½lyg&r®P'Do-k [laom ed'g¨ &P 0daooeyk'u

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&o ypöKy|mef y'|mef 4-rsKd;vH;k jzifh tjynft
h pHk jyxm;onfukd awGY&\/
½lyu©Em¨ ½kyw
f &m; odr;f qnf;yHu k v
kd nf; r[mbkwf "mwfBuD; 4-yg;rSpí xdYk twlyif vu©Pm &o
ypöKy|mef y'|mef 4-rsKd;vH;k jzifh tjynft
h pHk jyxm;onfukd awGY&\/ xkw
d iG f "mwfav;yg;udk þodYk jyxm;\/
blw½lyH pwkA"dÁ H yx0D"mwk tmayg"mwk awaZm"mwk

0ga,m"mwlw?d wmoH vu©P&oypöKy|memed pwk"mwk0
0w¬mae 0kwmå ed/ y'|meawm ye wm oAÁmyd t0aoo"mwkwå
,y'|mem/ (0do'k rd¨ *f 2-73)/
blw½kyo f nf yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf awaZm"mwf

0ga,m"mwf[í l 4-yg; tjym;½Sd\/ ¤if;wkdY\ vu©Pm &o
ypöKy|mefwYdkukd pwk"mwk 00w¬mefü jyqdck NhJ yD? rjycJ&h ao;aom
y'|meftm;jzifrh ul m; xd"k mwf 4-yg;vH;k wkYd yif <uif;aom "mwf
3-yg;vQif eD;aom taMumif; y'|mef ½Su d ek \ f / (jrefrmjyef)/
txufyg 0do'k rd¨ *fjzifh "mwf 4-yg;udk vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mefwYdk jzifh ½I&ef tpDt&ifonf pwk"mwk0
0w¬mefü jycJo
h nft
h wdik ;f yif [lí¤if;? y'|meftm;jzifrh u
l m; rdrrd S <uif;aom tjcm;"mwf 3-yg;[laom y'|mefjzifh
½I&rnf [lí¤if; qdkvdk\/ xkYd aMumifh pwk"mwk00w¬mefü jycJah om ½IykH tpDt&ifuv kd nf; Munf&h ayvdrrhf nf?
Munfv
h Qif atmufygtwdik ;f awGY&ayvdrrhf nf/
vu©Pm'dawmwd yx0D"mwk uð vu©Pm uð &om
uð ypöKy|memwd {0H pwaómyd "mwka,m tm0aZÆwmG
yx0D"mwk uu©Vwåvu©Pm ywd|me&om orÜ#pd eä ypöKy|mem?
tmayg"mwk y*¢&Pvu©Pm jAL[e&om o*F[ypöKy|mem?
awaZm"mwk OPSwv å u©Pm y&dygpe&om r'´0gEky'Ü geypöK
y|mem? 0ga,m"mwk 0dwr¬ eÇ vu©Pm ork'&D P&om
tbde[D m&ypöKy|memwd {0H vu©P'dawm reod umwAÁm/
(pwk"mwk00w¬meftzGihf 0do'k rd¨ *f 1-362)/
vu©Pm ponftm;jzifh [l&mü yx0D"mwfonf

tb,f vu©Pm½So d enf;? tb,f &o ½So d enf;? tb,f
ypöKy|mef ½So d enf;-[k þodkYaomenf;jzifh "mwf 4-yg;vH;k wkYd ukd
qifjcifNyD;vQiçf yx0D"mwfonf cufrmjcif; vu©Pm ½S\ d ?
wnf&mudpö ½S\ d ? cHvifjh cif; ypöKy|mef½\ dS / tmayg"mwfonf
,dpk ;D jcif; vu©Pm½S\ d ? yGg;apjcif;udp½ö \ dS ? aygif;pkjcif;
ypöKy|mef ½S\ d / awaZm"mwfonf yljcif;vu©Pm ½S\ d ? &ifu
h suf
apjcif; udpö ½S\ d ? El;nHjh cif;udk ay;jcif; ypöKy|mef ½S\ d / 0ga,m
"mwfonf axmufuefjcif; vu©Pm½S\ d ? vIyjf cif; vIyaf pjcif;
(wGe;f jcif;) udp&ö o½S\ d ? (blw½kyt f aygif;ud)k a½S;½Iaqmifjcif;
ypöKy|mef ½S\ d -[lí þodYk vu©Pm ponftm;jzifh ESv;kH
oGif;tyf ½Ityf ukef\/ (jrefrmjyef)/
,ckxwk jf ycJah om r[m#DumESiw hf uG 0do'k rd¨ *fpum;&yfwYkd jzifh emrfw&m;wkYd u¤kd if;? ½kyw
f &m;wkYd u¤kd if;
vu©Pm &owkYd jzifh ½ItyfouJo h Ydk yif ypöKy|mefjzifv
h nf; ½Ityf ½Iaumif;aMumif; tvGeyf if xif½mS ;vSay\? xkYd jyif
y'|mefjzifv
h nf; ½Iaumif;aMumif; xif½mS ;\/
atmufyg t|uxm #DumwkYd jzifrh u

l m; ½kyw
f &m;udk ypöKy|mefjzifh ½Ityf ½Iaumif;aMumif; omíyif
xif½mS ;ao;\/
£wd ½lyEÅd £'H ½lyHç {wåuH ½lyHç £awm O'Ḧ ½lyH

ew¬w
D d ½kyeÜ obm0aOö0 blwyk g'g,ab'H ½lyOö tm'ð uwGm
vu©P&oypöKy|mey'|me0aoe te0aoo½lyy&d*a¾ [m
0kawåm/ (okwf r[m0g t|uxm 53? oH,kwf t|uxm 2-
44)/
£wd ½lyH [laom pum;jzifh ]]þonfum; ½kyw f nf;?

þrQavmufum; ½kyw f nf;? þxuftvGef ½kyo f nf r½Sad wmh
NyD}}[k azmufjyefjcif; oabmud¤k if;ç blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyf tjym;
½Sdaom ½kyfudk¤if; tpûyí vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mef y'|mef wkYd \
tpGr;f tm;jzifh t<uif;rJh tvH;k pHak om ½kyu
f kd odr;f qnf;jcif;udk
jyawmfr\ l / (jrefrmjyef)/
ww¬ vu©PH emr wó wó ½ly0daooó

tenom"m&aPm obma0g? &aom waó0 twåaem zvH
ywd ypö,bma0g? ypöKy|meH wó y&rw¬awm 0dZrÆ mewåm
,mxm0awm ÓPó a*gp&bma0g? y'|meH tmoEéum&PH?
aweó ypö,m,wå0w k w
då m 'ódwm/ (r[m0g t|uxm\
tzGi#hf u
D m-53)/
k iG f vu©Pm rnfonfrmS xdx

xdw k dk (yx0D paom)
½kyftxl;\ (tmaygpaom) wyg;aom ½kyw f Ydk EiS hf rqufqaH om
(uu©Vwå paom) oabm&if;aywnf;/ &o rnfonfrmS rdrd
tusKd;udk pGJí xkd½kyf\ aus;Zl;ûywwfonf\ tjzpfaywnf;/
ypöKy|mef rnfonfrmS xd½k yk \ f y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif½Sm;½Sdonf\
tjzpfaMumifh [kww f ikd ;f rSepf mG ÓPf\usufpm;&m tm½k\ H tjzpf
aywnf;/ y'|mef rnfonfrmS eD;pGmaom taMumif;aywnf;/
¤if;jzifh xd½k yk \
f taMumif;ESihf pyfaom jzpfjcif; ½So d nf\
tjzpfukd jytyf\/ (¤if;#Dum\ jrefrmjyef)/
vu©P&oypöKy|me y'|me0aoemwd uu©|wåm'd

vu©P0aoe oE¨m&Pm'd&o0aoe orÜ#pd eä m'dypöKy|m
e0aoe blwwå,m'dy'|me0aoe p/ (oH,w
k #f u
D m 1-58)/
vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mef y'|mef wkYd \ tpGr;f tm;jzifh
[lonfrmS cufrmjcif; tp½Sad om vu©Pm\ tpGr;f tm;jzif¤h if;?
aumif;pGmaqmifxm;jcif; tp½Sad om &o\ tpGr;f tm;jzif¤h if;?
cHvifjh cif; tp½Sad om ypöKy|mef\ tpGr;f tm;jzif¤h if;? <uif;aom
blw½kyf 3-yg;taygif; tp½Sdaom y'|mef\ tpGr;f tm;jzif¤h if;
(t<uif;rJh ½kyu f kd odr;f qnf;jcif;udk jyqdt
k yfonf-[k qdvk \ kd )/
(oH,w k #f u
D m\ jrefrmjyef)/
txufyg okwrf [m0g t|uxm#Dumç oH,w k f t|uxm #DumwkYd onf ½kyf½IyHkudk jyaom £wd ½lyH-
[laom ygVdawmf\ tzGirhf sm; jzpfMuayonf/ xdk oH0aPÖwAÁ ygVdawmfonfvnf; bk&m;tavmif;awmftm;
emr½ly y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfjzpfyu kH kd jyaom pum;&yf jzpfayonf/ þodYk ½kyo f ufouf ½Iyu kH kd wdwu d sus zGijhf yxm;aom
aMumifh ½kyuf kd ypöKy|mefjzifh ½Iaumif;aMumif;rSm tvGeYf tvGeyf if xif½mS ;vSay\/ xkYd twlyif y'|mefjzifh ½Iaumif;
aMumif;vnf; xif½mS ;onfomwnf;/ a0'em paom emrfcE¨mwkYd ü vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mef y'|mefwYdkjzifh
½lyu
kH v
kd nf; xdt k |uxm#DumwkYd ü tvm;wlyif zGijhf yxm;vsuf½\ dS / xkYd aMumifh emrfuv kd nf; y'|mefjzifh ½Iaumif;
aMumif; tvGeyf if xif½mS ;vSay\/
þt&mü xkwjf ycJah om okwrf [m0g t|uxmç oH,w k f t|uxmwkYd wiG f te0aoo½lyy&d*a¾ [m-
t<uif;rJ½h yk u
f kd odr;f qnf;jcif; (te0aooa0'em-onmocFg&0dnmPy&d*a¾ [m-t<uif;rJh a0'emonm ocFg&
0dnmPfwYdk ukd odr;f qnf;jcif;-þyk'rf mS rl þü xkwjf yrxm;ç usrf;&if;ü ½Syd gonf) [lí ½kyef mrf odr;f qnf;jcif;
udok m wdwu d sus jyqdxk m;ay\/ ypö,y&d*a¾ [m-taMumif;udk odr;f qnf;jcif; [líum; rqdak y/ xkYd aMumifh
]]y'|mefjzifh odr;f qnf;jcif;rSm ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfEiS hf qdik yf gonf}}[k qifjcifay;bG,u
f m; r½Sad wmhayNyD/ odkYaomf
xkYd xufomí ½Si;f vif;ap&ef #Dumausmf usrf;ûyq&m\ q&mBuD; jzpfawmfral om t½Sio f m&dywk &å m rax&fjrwf
pD&ifonfh om&w¬'yD eD #Dumudv k nf; xkwjf yygOD;tH/h
oAÁH awblruH emr½lyH ]]£'H ½lyHç {wåuH ½lyHç e

£awm bda,sm? £'H emrHç {wåuH emrHç e £awm bda,sm}}wd
blwyk g'g,ab'H ½lyçH zóm'dab'H emrOö vu©P&o
ypöKy|mey'|meawm 00w¬aywd? ur®m0dZmÆ 'duOöó ypö,H
y&d*P¾ mS wd? t,H Ówy&dnm/ (om&w¬ 2-20)/
]]þonfum; ½kyf? þrQavmufum; ½kyf? þxuftvGef

r½SNd yD? þonfum; emrf? þrQavmufum; emrf? þxuftvGef
r½SdNyD}}[k blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyf tjym;½Sdaom ½kyfudk¤if;? zó
ponf tjym;½Sad om emrfu¤kd if; (þ) tvH;k pHak om bHo k ;kH yg;ü
jzpfaom emrf½yk t f aygif;udk vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mef y'|mef
tm;jzifh ydik ;f jcm;\? xdek mrf½yk \
f uH t0dZÆm tp½Sdaom
taMumif;udv k nf; odr;f qnf;\? þ(ydik ;f jcm;jcif;ç odr;f qnf;
jcif;)onf Ówy&dnmaywnf;/ (jrefrmjyef)/
txufyg #Dumü emr½ly/H y/ 00w¬aywd-[laom a½S;pum;jzifh emr½ly y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfukd jy\? ur®m0dZmÆ
'duOöó ypö,H y&d*P ¾ mS wd-[laom aemufpum;jzifh ypö, y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfukd jy\/ þodYk toD;toD; cGjJ cm;jyxm;
aomaMumifh ]]y'|mefjzifh ½Ijcif;udk ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓPfEiS hf qdik yf gonf}}[k qdb
k ,
G u
f m; vH;k 0 r½Sad wmhonfomwnf;/
xkYd jyif #Dumausmq
f &m\ q&mBuD;jzpfaom t½Sio f m&dywk &å m rax&fjrwfBuD;uyif ]]emr½ly/H y/ y'|meawm
00w¬aywd-emrf½yk u f kd y'|mefjzifh ydik ;f jcm;\}} [lí twdtvif; jyqdx k m;aomaMumifh #Dumausmfü¤if;? oû*Ø[#f u D m
a[mif;ü¤if; y'|meftzGihf rygaomaMumifh tbd"r®wo ¬ *F[usrf;ü y'|meyk'f rygoifh [lívnf; rqdo k ifNh yD/
xdYk xuf a½S;usí xdYk xufcikd vf akH om om"uudk tvd½k v

dS Qif om&w¬'yD eD#u D m q&mawmfuyif tmp&d,
"r®ygvaw¬&[k tav;tjrwfûyí ñTejf y&aom t½Si"f r®ygvrax&f pD&ifco hJ nfh £wd0w
k t
f |uxm eHygwf 50-rSm
Munfyh gavOD;/ xdt k |uxmüvnf; þom&w¬'yD eDEiS hf tvm;wlyif qdx k m;ygonf/ txl;rSm ]]ur®m0dZmÆ 'duOöó
ypö,H y&d*P ¾ mS wd}} t&mü ]]wó t0dZmÆ 'duOö ypö,H y&d*P¾ mS wd}}[k ½Sad ejcif;rQom xl;onf/ odYk aomf teufrmS
rxl;NyD/ xkYd aMumifh xdyk gXfukd þü xkwrf jyawmhNyD/
þodYk ½kyu
f kd ypöKy|mefjzifh ½IyukH ¤kd if;? emrf½yk f 2-yg;vH;k udk y'|mefjzif½h yI u
kH ¤kd if; yg|dt|uxm #DumwkYd ü
tvGex f if½mS ;pGm jyqdx k m;aomaMumifh ]]½kyu f kd ypöKy|mefjzifh r½Iaumif;}} [lí¤if;? ]]emr½ly y&d*[ ¾ ÓPf t&mü
emrfEiS ½hf yk u
f kd y'|mefjzifh r½Iaumif;}} [lí¤if; ypfy,fajymqdak om olonf okwrf [m0g ygVdt|uxm#Dumç
oH,w k yf gVdt|uxm#Dumç 0do'k rd¨ *ft|uxm#Dumç £wd0w k t
f |uxmç om&w¬'yD eD #DumBuD;wkYd ukd y,fzsuf&m
a&muf\/ trSeu f kd trSm;jzpfatmif trSm;udk trSejf zpfatmif ,kw, då w
k må BuHaqmifí ajymojzifh ynm½Sd
olawmfaumif;wkYd \ pdwEf v f yI af pwwfonfh 0dw@0g' ½Sad omaMumifh 0dw@0g'D yk*Kd¾ vftjzpfoYkd vnf;
S ;kH udk wkev
a&muf\/
0ga,m\ ypöKy|mefvnf; y&rwfyif
ypöKy|meH wó y&rw¬awm 0dZrÆ mewåm

,mxm0awm ÓPó a*gp&bma0g -
ypöKy|mef rnfonfrmS xd½k yk \

f y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif½mS ;½Sjd cif;aMumifh [kww
f ikd ;f rSepf mG ÓPf\ usupf m;&m
tm½kt
H jzpfaywnf;/ (okwrf [m0g#Dum 53)/
txufyg #Dumü ]]y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif½mS ;½Sad omaMumifh [kww f ikd ;f rSepf mG ÓPf\ usufpm;&m tm½kjH zpf
onf}}[k txift½Sm;qdx k m;aomaMumifh 0ga,m"mwf\ tbde[
D m&ypöKy|mefuv kd nf; y&rw¬tm;jzifh xif½mS ;
½Sad om [kww
f ikd ;f rSepf mG ÓPfü xifay:vmaom y&rw¬ w&m;[líom odtyf\? 0dw@0g'D wkYd qo kd uJo
h Ykd ynwf
[líum; rodtyf rrSwt f yfonfomwnf;/
y&rw¬w&m; jzpf½rHk Qom r[kwaf o;? ½Iv&kd if; "mwftppfvnf; jzpfao;aMumif;udk atmufyg r[m#Dumjzifh
odtyf\/
y'|meH yaew¬ tn"r®wm, e O'¨#-H r'|mefuu

kd m; ½Iv&kd if;"mwfrS wjcm;wyg; tvGww
f &m; jzpfjcif;
aMumifh þvu©Pm'dawm t& ½Ienf;ü ( t|uxmq&m) rxkwf jytyfay/ (r[m#Dum 1-449)/
0do'k rd¨ *fü vu©Pm'dawmt& ½Ienf;udk tus,fjy&mwGif "mwfav;yg;wkYd ukd vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mefwYdkjzifh
½Iyu kH o
kd m jy\/ y'|mefjzifh ½Iyu kH u kd m; rjyay? xko
d Ykd y'|mefjzifh ½IyukH kd rjyjcif;rSm tb,fah Mumifyh genf;[k ar;bG,f
½Sad omaMumifh r[m#Dumü txufygtwdik ;f ajz½Si;f jyayonf/ qdv k o kd nfrmS yx0Dpaom "mwfwyg; wyg;\
y'|mefonf rdrrd <S uif;aom tjcm;"mwf 3-yg;yif jzpfonf? odYk jzpfí yx0D"mwfukd ½Ivo kd rl mS yx0D\ y'|mef
jzpfaom tmayg awaZm 0ga,mwkYd onf ½Iv&kd if; yx0D"mwfrS wjcm;wyg; tvGww f &m;omvQif jzpfuek \ f /
xkYd twlyif tmaygudk ½Ivo kd rl mS yx0D awaZm 0ga,mwkYd onf¤if;ç awaZmudk ½Ivo kd rl mS yx0D tmayg 0ga,m
wkYd onf¤if;ç 0ga,mudk ½Ivo kd rl mS yx0D tmayg awaZmwkYd onf¤if; ½Iv&kd if;"mwfrS wjcm;wyg; tvGww f &m;
wkYd omvQif jzpfuek \ f / xkYd aMumifh ½Iv&kd if;"mwfuo kd m wnfw h nfrh wfrwf½&I ef jyaom þvu©Pm'dawmt&
½Ienf;ü ½Iv&kd if; w&m;ud, k jf zpfaom vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mefwYdk uo kd m jyonf? ½Iv&kd if;"mwfrS wjcm;wyg;
tvGww f &m;jzpfaom (<uif;aom "mwf 3-yg; [laom) y'|mefuu kd m; rjy[k qdv k \kd /
þ#Dumü toD; toD;aom "mwfwyg; wyg;\ y'|mefjzpfaom tjcm;"mwf 3-yg;udk tn"r®-½Ivdk&if;

"mwfrS wjcm;wyg; tvGww f &m;[k qko
d jzifh vu©Pm'dawmt& ½Ienf;ü jyxm;aom vu©Pm &o ypöKy|mefwYdk
udu
k m; ½Ivakd om "mwfrS wjcm;wyg; tvGww f &m; tn"r®r[kw?f ½Iv&kd if; y&rw¬ "mwfw&m;yif jzpfonf?
xkYd aMumifh ¤if;wkYd ukd vu©Pm'dawmt& ½Ienf;ü jyonf[í l vnf; qd&k ma&muf\/ okYd jzpfí 0ga,m"mwf\
vu©PmESihf &owkYd onf y&rwf0ga,m tppfjzpfouJo h Ykd 0ga,m"mwf\ tbde[ D m& ypöKy|mefuv
kd nf; y&rwf
0ga,mtppf yif[k NrJNrHpmG rSw, f t
l yfay\/
xdt
k bde[ D m& ypöKy|mefonf ½Ityf ½Iaumif;aom ½Iv&kd if;jzpfaom y&rwf0ga,m tppfjzpfaomaMumifh
½Ityf ½Ioifah om 0ga,mrS tvGwf tusKd;quf zv ypöKy|mefvnf; r[kw?f ½Iaom 0dyóemÓPftm; a½S;½I
xifay:vmaom tmum&ypöKy|mef omvQif jzpfonf/ atmufyg #Dumjzifh NrJNrHpmG qH;k jzwftyf\/
orÜ#pd eä muma&e ÓPó ypöKywd|wDwd orÜ#pd eä ypöK
y|mem-
o[Zmwfw&m;udk cHvifah om tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh

ÓPftm; a½S;½I xifwwfaomaMumifh orÜ#pd eä ypöKy|me rnf\/
(r[m#Dum 1-449)/
txufyg r[m#Dumonf yx0D"mwf\ orÜ#pd eä ypöKy|meyk'u f kd zGijhf yaom pum;jzpfonf/ xdpk um;jzifh
<uif;aom tmayg awaZm 0ga,m"mwfwYdk \ ypöKy|mefwYkdvnf; Oy|memum& ypöKy|mefcsn;f yif jzpfaMumif; odap
ygonf/ xkYd aMumifyh if ¤if;"mwf 3-yg;wkdY\ t&mü ypöKy|meyk'u
f kd xyfí rzGifhjybJ ½Sdavonf/
þrQjzifh 0ga,m"mwf\ tbde[ D m& ypöKy|mefonf ynwfvnf; r[kw?f tusK;d quf zvypöKy|mefvnf;
r[kw?f tmum&ypöKy|mef y&rwf0ga,myif jzpfaMumif;? xkYd aMumifyh if¤if; tbde[
D m&ypöKy|mefjzifv
h nf; 0ga,m
"mwfukd 0dyóem ½Ityf ½Iaumif;aMumif; NrJNrHpmG rSw,
f El ikd af vmufayNyD/
txl; owdûyapvdo k nfrmS -,ck igwkYd ½Si;f jyaom aemufqufwüJG 0dyóem ½Iaumif;aom w&m;udk
½Iaumif;aMumif; ½Si;f vif;jyjcif;ESihf igwkYd tm; pGypf v
JG monfukd ajz½Si;f jcif;rQom yg0ifonf? olwyg;wkYd \ vkyif ef;
pOfukd y,fazsmufjcif;vnf; ryg? olwyg;wkYd tm; xdyg;epfemap&ef ykwcf wf pGypf jJG cif;vnf;ryg? oefY½iS ;f aom
apwemjzifh ½k;d om;pGm ajz½Si;f xm;onfukd txl;owdûyMuapvdk yg\/
þwGif owdy|mefygXfedosü aemufqufwGJ

½Sif;vif;csuf NyD;\/
1326-ckepf/
r[mowdy|meokwf ygXfedó, (rSwfcsufrsm;) 61
rSwfcsuf
Ä
a,ae0-[k t0"m&P teuf½Sdaom {0-o'´gjzifh uefYowfí qk&d mü rS&D mom"u rsm;rSm ....
{um,eH Zmwdc,EÅ 'óD?

r*¾H yZmemwd [dwmEkurÜ/D
{awe ra*¾e w&ð ok ykaAÁ?
w&dóEÅd a, p w&EÅd MoCH/ .... [laom
owdy|me oH,wk yf gVdawmfç
{um,e ra*¾g 0kpw

ö d ykAb
Á m* owdy|me ra*¾g/
{ao0 ra*¾g ew¬anm 'óeó 0do'k ,

d̈ m .... [k owdy|meokwf t|uxmü xkwjf ytyfaom
okwfygVdawmfrsm;ESifh .....
£rdem0 ra*¾e? ay? taeum or®morÁK'¨gç taeuowm yapöuAka'¨gç

*PeyxH 0Dw0d wåm t&d,om0um pmwd £ar owåm oaAÁ pdw-å rav
y0ga[wGm y&r0do'k ð¨ ywåm ..... [laom þokw\
f tzGit
hf |uxmwkYd yifwnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Äuk½lok-[k A[k0pk jf zifh qdjk cif;rSm e,fy,f\ ydik ½f iS f rif;om;trsm;udk iJí

h ygVd o'´genf;t& qdxk m;jcif;
rQomwnf;/ uk½w k ikd ;f jynfum; rsm;onfr[kw?f wjynfwnf;omwnf;/ þodYk aom t&mü A[k0pk jf zifh qk&d efñeT jf y
aom jrefrm o'´genf;vnf; r½Sad cs/ xkYd aMumifh ]]uk½w k ikd ;f jynfü}} [lí {u0kpjf zifoh m jyefvu
kd o
f nf/ uk½el yH 'k \
f
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£E´,d jynfxwJ iG f taemufajrmufyikd ;f ü wnf½adS om a'vDûrdYe,f yifwnf;/
xkpd Oftcgu uk½jk ynfol jynfom;wdYk onf OwkoyÜg, ponfEiS hf jynfph o kH jzifh ud,k pf w
d f cefYusef;Muí
eufeaJ om w&m;wkYd ukd emcHrw S o
f m;&ef pGr;f Edik Mf uaomaMumif¤h if;? atmufwef;pm; aus;uRef wkYd rpS í &[ef; ½Sif vl
tajrmuftjrm;yif owdy|mefw&m;udk a[majymavh-tm;xkwaf vh ½SMd uaomaMumif¤h if;? þokwu f kd uk½wk ikd ;f ü
a[mawmfro l nf[k t|uxmü qd\ k / þtqdkrSm 21-ydik ;f aom yAÁwYdkjzifh jynfph u kH s,0f ef;pGm a[maom yXrqH;k
tBudru f okd m &nf½, G o f nf jzpf&m\/ taMumif;rlum; .... owdy|mef w&m;udk a[majymavh-tm;xkwaf vh ½SdMu
aomaMumifh uk½w k ikd ;f ü a[monf[q k adk om olYpum;xJüyif xdx k ufa½S;usaom umvuvnf; a[mbl; embl;NyD
[laom teufxif½mS ;onft h jyif? owdy|me oH,w k üf wyg;aom Xmersm;rSmvnf; a[maMumif;udk jyqdx k m;aom
aMumifah ywnf;? odYk jzpfí xdYk xufa½S;usaom umvrsm;uvnf; þowdy|mefw&m;udk tusOf;tm;jzifh a[mcJb h ;l NyD
[lí¤if;? tjcm;wyg;aom Xmeaygif; rsm;pGmwkYd üvnf; tBudraf ygif;rsm;pGm xyfum xyfum a[mawmfral o;onf
[lí¤if; rSwftyf\/
rSwfcsuf
ÄxD;eef;rpku d o
f jzifh ûrdY[k rac:&aomfvnf; aps;qdik rf sm;ç aps;½krH sm;jzifh om,mpnfum;í ûrdYa,mifa,mif
½Sdaom ½GmBuD;udk ed*r-ed*;kH [k ac:onf/ ur®mo"r® ed*;kH ½GmBuD;ü aeonf[k qdak omfvnf; xd½k mG BuD;udk
qGr;f cH½mG ûyí? xd½k mG BuD;ESihf reD;ra0; awmtkyw
f ckü aeonf[k t|uxmü qd\ k /
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1/ owd-trSw&f rI + y|me = (um, a0'em pdw"å r®wYdkü) uyfí wnfonf-ouf0ifí rjywfjzpfonf-

pGNJ rJonf/ owdy|me = uyfí wnfaom trSw&f rI-ouf0ifí rjywfjzpfaom trSw&f rI pGNJ rJaom trSw&f rI/
wenf;um; ..... y|me = uyfí wnfr-I ouf0ifí rjywfjzpfrI - pGNJ rJr/I owdy|me = owduyfí wnfrI - owd
ouf0ifí rjywfjzpfrI - owdpNJG rJr/I
rSwfcsuf
2/ av;toacsFEiS hf urÇmwode;f twGi;f rSm yGiahf wmfrMl uaom or®morÁK'¨b&k m;rsm;? yapöuAk'g¨ rsm; t&d,m
om0ursm;onf þowdy|mefvrf;jzifh omvQif vH;k 0 pifMu,fjcif;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf[k qkad om t|uxm
pum;rSm? yHpk jH y ed'óe pum;rQomwnf;? odapvd&k if;tm;jzifrh u l m; - av;tacsFEiS hf urÇmwode;f twGi;f rSmjzpfap?
tjyifrmS jzpfap? rnfonfu h mvürqdk yGiNhf yD;ç yGiq hf çJ yGivhf wHjh zpfaom bk&m;yapöuAk'g¨ ç t&d,mom0uwdik ;f yif þ
owdy|mefvr;fjzifo h m vH;k 0pifMu,fjcif;odYk a&mufawmfrMl uonf[k tjynht f pHyk if odapvdak yonf/ xkad Mumifh ....
a½S;ü xkwjf ycJah om oH,w k yf gVdawmfwiG f .... {awe ra*¾e w&ð ok ykaAÁ? w&dóEÅd a, p w&EÅd MoCH[al om
pum;jzif?h urÇm tuefYtowf rxm;bJ umvoH;k yg;vH;k ü þowdy|mefvrf;jzifo h m MoCudk ausmv f eG o
f mG ;&
aMumif; azmfjyxm;avNyD/ xkYd jyif .... 'DCedum,fygxdu0*f orÜom'eD, okwüf vnf; umvoH;k yg;vH;k rSm bk&m;
[lorQwkYd onf (pwlok owdy|maeok okyw Ü |d w d pdwmå ) av;yg;aom owdy|mefwYdkü aumif;aumif; wnfwahH om
pdw½f u
dS ek v
f suf or®moarÁm"dÓPfoYkd a&mufawmfrMl uaMumif;udk twdtvif;yif rdeYf qx kd m;ayonf/ odYk jzpfí þü
owåmeH [laom omrefy'k jf zifh 0do'k o d¨ Ykd a&mufEikd o
f rQ tavmif;vsm owå0gtvH;k pHu k kd ,ltyf\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1/ {u = wckwnf;aom + t,e = vrf; - {um,e = wckwnf;aomvrf;/ udavompifMu,f&efç ....

edAmÁ efukd rsufarSmufûy&efç þowdy|meftusifh wvrf;wnf;aom ½So d nf? owdy|mefEiS hf uif;í tjcm;wyg;aom
vrf;r½Sad wmhNyD[k qdv k \
kd / þt&mü ({ura*¾gwd {aum {0 ra*¾g? e [d edAmÁ e*grdra*¾g tanm tw¬Dwd)
{um,e{ur*¾ [lonfrmS wckwnf;aom vrf;aywnf;? rSeaf y\ owdy|mefrw S yg; edAmÁ efoYkd oGm;aomvrf; r½Sd
awmhNyD[k odtyf\[lí zGiq hf akd om #Dumudk txl;owdûytyf\/ wenf;um; .... rZÑdredum,f rlvyPÖmo -
r[moD[em' okwüf uJo h Ykd {um,aem ra*¾g - [laom þyk'o f nf? wjcm;wyg;odYk vGrJ mS ; oGm;&ef vrf;cGJ vrf;rTm
r½Sad om taMumif;wnf;vrf;udk a[monf/ xdak Mumifh .... {u-wckwnf;aom + t,e-vrf;aMumif; = {um,e
r*¾-vrf;waMumif;wnf;om ½Sad omvrf;-waMumif;wnf;aomvrf;/ þowdy|mefvrf;jzifo h mG ;vQif vrf;qH;k aom
tcg edAmÁ efoYkd omvQif wnhw f nfrh wfrwf a&mufonf? edAmÁ efrS wjcm;wyg;odYk vGrJ mS ;í a&mufapEdik o f nfh vrf;cGJ
vrf;rTm r½Sad om ude;f aovrf;rawmfBuD;[k qdv k o
kd nf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
þ owdy|mefvrf;jzifh oEÅwd trwfBuD;uJo h Ydkyif aomuudv k nf; vGeaf jrmufEikd \ f / y#mpm&m ax&Dr
uJo
h Ykdyif y&da'0udv k nf; vGeaf jrmufEikd \
f / þt&mü w&m;empOfwiG f r*fzv kd o
f Ykd a&mufaom olrsm;rSm owdy|mef
enf;jzifh r½I&awmhbJ emMum;&aom w&m;udk oabmus½krH Qjzifyh if udpNö yD;onf[k xifrw S zf ,
G f ½Sí
d xko
d Ydk rxif
rSwof ifah Mumif;udk t|uxmü þodYk ½Si;f vif;jyxm;avNyD/ ½Si;f vif;yHkrSm ....
,H ykaAÁ wH 0daomao[d-paom *gxmudk emMum;&í oEÅwt d rwfBuD; &[EÅmjzpfomG ;onfrmS rSeaf y\/
xkYjd yif .... e oEÅd ykwmå wmPm, - paom *gxmudk emMum;&í y#mpm&m ax&Dr aomwmyef jzpfomG ;onf
rSmvnf; rSeyf gay\/ odYk aomfvnf; um,ç a0'emç pdwçå "r®[al om owdy|mef\ tm½kHav;yg;xJu wyg;yg;udkrQ
roH;k oyf-r½Irw l 0dyóemÓPfç r*fÓPfrsm;udk jzpfapEdik af om ynmbm0em rnfonf jzpf½;dk r½Sad cs? xkYd aMumifh
S rf í
oEÅwt d rwfBuD;ESihf y#mpm&m ax&DrwdYk onfvnf; owdy|mef\ tm½kHwyg;yg;udk ½IrSwfvsuf þ owdy|mef
vrf;jzifh omvQif aomuç y&da'0wkYd ukd vGeaf jrmufomG ;Muonf[k NrJNrHpmG rSwt
f yfaMumif;udk t|uxmü ½Si;f vif;
jyqdx k m;avNyD/
w&m;em&if; owdy|mef jzpfygG ;Edik yf rkH mS .... ,H ykaAÁ wH 0daomao[d - a½S;ocFg& taygif;rSm jzpfEikd af om
udavomawGukd ajcmufaoGUygap-[k qkad om þtyd'k jf zif?h a½S;ujrifb;l Mum;bl; awGYb;l odb;l orQwkYd ukd jyefí
atmufarhrw d ikd ;f &m* a'go paom udavom jzpfEikd o f nfu¤kd if;? xdu k ad vomrsm; rjzpfEikd af tmif ½Ityfonfu¤kd if;
jy\/ tb,fukd ½Ityfoenf;[lrl .... jzpfcu kd f ½kyef mrfukd rjywf½aI evQif? a½S;a[mif; tm½krH sm;udk rpOf;pm;rdawmhNyD?
rpOf;pm;rdvQif ¤if;wkYd ukd pGí J udavom rjzpfEikd af wmhNyD/ odYk jzpfí tm½kaH [mif;rsm;ü jyefvnfpOf;pm;vsuf
udavom rjzpfEikd af tmif jzpfcu kd f ½kyef mrfuv kd nf; rjywf½rI w S t
f yf\/ xkYdjyif .... tm½kHa[mif;rsm;udk jyefvnf
pOf;pm;rdygvQif? xdpk Of;pm;rIukd pl;pdu k í f rSwjf cif;jzifh qufvufí pOf;pm;rnfh udavomudk jywfpaJ pEdik \ f ? odYk jzpfí
jyefvnf pOf;pm;vsuf udavom qufvuf rjzpfygG ;Edik af tmif xdpk Of;pm;rIuv kd nf; jywfpo
J mG ;onfwikd af tmif ½Irw S f
tyf\/ oEÅwd trwfBuD;onf þteuf t"dygÜ ,fukd oabmaygufí olcspfjrwfE;kd tyfaom rde;f ri,fuav;ESihf
aexdik cf yhJ kH tajctaersm;udk pOf;pm;rdwidk ;f xdpk w d u
f kd ½Irw
S jf cif;jzif¤h if;? a½S;utajctaeudk jyefí rpOf;pm;rdatmif?
jzpfcu
kd f ½kyef mrfukd rjywf rSwjf cif;jzif¤h if;? w&m;empOfrmS yif owdy|mef w&m;udk yGg;aponf[k odtyf\/
ypäm aw rm[k udOeÆ H - aemif ocFg& taygif;rSm aMumifMh urI udavom rjzpfygapvif-h [k qdak om þ
tyd'k jf zifv h nf;? aemifa&;udk ajr§maf wG;rdwikd ;f pd;k &draf MumifMh urIç awmifw h rI paom udavom jzpfEikd o f nfu¤kd if;?
xduk ad vomrsm; rjzpfEikd af tmif ½Ityfonf ud¤k if; jy\/ tb,fukd ½Ityfoenf; [lru l m; .... aemifa&;udk
ajr§maf wG;cGirhf &atmif? jzpfcu kd f ½kyef mrfuv
kd nf; rjywf ½Irw S t f yf\/ aemifa&;udk awG;rdvQifvnf; xdpk w d uf ykd if
jywfpo J mG ;onfwikd af tmif ½IrwS t
f yf\/ oEÅwd trwfBuD;onf þteuft"dygÜ ,fukd oabmaygufí aemiftcgü
xdrk ed ;f ri,fuav;ESihf awGYvrkd I twlaevdrk pI aom &m*pdwu f ;l rsm;ç ]]b,fawmhrS awGY&rSm r[kwaf wmhygbl;?
igwa,mufwnf; ae&awmhrnf}} ponfjzifh vGr;f qGwf ylaqG;rI-aomu pdwu f ;l rsm; jzpfay:vmwdik ;f ? ¤if;wkYd ukd
rSwjf cif;jzif¤h if;? aemifa&;udk rawG;rdatmif? jzpfcu kd f ½kyef mrfukd rjywfrw S jf cif;jzif¤h if;? w&m;empOfrmS yif owdy|mef
w&m;udk yGg;aponf[k odtyf\/
raZÑ ap aem *a[óod - tv,fyikd ;f ½kyef mrf ypöKyÜef ocFg&rSm rpG, J yl grl-[k qdak om þtyd'k jf zifv
h nf;?
jrifqJ Mum;qJ paom ypöKyÜef ½kyef mrfü taumif;xifí rom,mEdik af tmif? igaumif owå0gaumifxifí rpGv J rf;
Edik af tmif? jzpfwikd ;f jzpfwikd ;f ½Irw S tf yfonfukd jy\/ oEÅwd trwfBuD;onf þteuf t"dygÜ ,fukd oabmaygufí
xdck Pü jzpfay:qJjzpfaom jrifrI Mum;rI pOf;pm;rI paom ½kyk ef mrf wkYd ukd rjywfrw S jf cif;jzifh w&m;empOfrmS yif
owdy|mefw&m;udk yGg;aponf[k odtyf\/ þt&mrSm ]]*gxmwyk'u f kd emaecduk u
f av;wGif þrQ rsm;jym;aom
½Irw S rf rI sm; jzpfEikd yf grnfavm}}[k awG;awm ,Hrk mS ;í raeavvif/h owdy|mef tvkyu f o kd m xdxad &mufa&muf
tm;xkwMf unfyh g/ orm"dÓPf awmfawmfoefvmaom tcgrSm þrQ rsm;jym;aom ½Irw S rf rI sm; wcPuav;
twGi;f rSmyif jzpfomG ;Edik yf u kH kd ud,
k wf idk yf if awGY&ygvdrrhf nf/
þodYk rjywf rSwaf ejcif;aMumifh twdwaf ½S;a[mif;rsm;udk pOf;pm;ívnf; udavomrjzpf&? tem*wf

aemifa&;udk ajr§maf wG;ívnf; udavomrjzpf&? ypöKyÜejf zpfaom jrifqJ Mum;qJ awGYqJ odqJ ½kyef mrfrsm;üvnf;
jzpfrI ysurf I rNrJrI ponfukd rsuaf rSmufoad eojzifh wPSm 'd|d paom udavom jzpfciG rhf &awmhNyD/ oEÅwt d rwf
BuD;onf þenf;jzifh rSww f ikd ;f rSww f ikd ;f udavomNidr;f í wxdik t
f wGi;f rSmyif av;yg;aom r*fÓPfrsm; tpOf
twdik ;f jzpfay:NyD;vQif t&[wåzv kd o
f Ykd qdu k af &mufomG ;avonf[k odtyfay\/ þodYk jzpfEikd o f nfudk &nfí
OyoaEÅm p&dóod - udavomrD; tNyD; Nidr;f at;oGm;vdrrhf nf-[k aemufq;kH tyd'k u f kd a[mawmfral yonf/
e oEÅd ykwmå wmPm,? e ydwm emyd AE¨0g/

tEÅauem"dyEéó? ew¬d ÓwDok wmPwm/
{wrw¬0oH ÚwGm? y@dawm oDvoH0ak wm/
edAmÁ e*reH r*¾?H cdyaÜ r0 0daom"a, ..../
[laom þ*gxm 2-yk'u f kd emMum;&í? y#mpm&m ax&Dr aomwmyef jzpfomG ;onf[k "r®y'ü qd\ k / xdkwGif yXr
*gxmjzifh ]]waeYusvQif ud, k w f ikd yf if aoab;qk;d BuD;ESihf awGY&OD;rnf? xkt d cgrSm om;o®;D rdb aqGrsKd;rsm;
rsufarSmufrmS ½Sjd im;aomfvJ aoab;rS rumuG,Ef ikd yf ?kH tm;rud;k avmufyu kH }kd } xifjrifapí owdoaH 0*ÓPfukd
jzpfay:aponf/ 'kw, d *gxmjzifh ]]olwyg;onf rdr\ d tm;ud;k &m rjzpfEikd yf ?kH tm;ud;k &mjzpfavmufatmif ûyusiv hf Qif
rdru
d ,kd o
f mvQif rdr\ d tm;ud;k &mjzpfEikd yf kH wkYd ukd odjrif oabmusaom yk*Kd¾ vfonf oDvESijhf ynfph í kH edAmÁ efvrf;udk
tjrefcsujf cif;yif ½Si;f vif;oifah Mumif;}} jyonf/ y#mpm&monfvnf; þteuft"dygÜ ,fukd oabmaygufí owd
a0*&NyD;vQif a½S;utûyrsKd;ç tajymrsKd;udk rûyawmhç rajymawmhNyD[k w&m;em&if;yif ESv;kH oGi;f aqmufwnfum
oDvü a½S;OD;pGm wnfí? edAmÁ e *reH r*¾-H \ t&-þowdy|mef enf;vrf;twdik ;f ½Irw S v

f suf wxdik t f wGi;f rSmyif
aomwmywåzd v kd o
f Ykd a&mufomG ; avonf[k odtyf\/ w&m;empOfwiG f r*fzv kd o
f Ykd a&mufomG ;Muaom yk*Kd¾ vfwikd ;f
þenf;csnf;yifwnf;? odYk jzpfí t|uxmü awyd £rd em0 ra*¾e - w&m;em&if; r*fzv dk o
f Ykd a&mufomG ;aom
xdyk *k Kd¾ vfwYdk onfvnf; þ owdy|mefvrf;jzifo h mvQif a&mufomG ;Muonf[k odtyfaMumif;udk ude;f ao uefYowfí
qH;k jzwfcsufcsxm;ayonf/ þt&mwGif #Dumü *gxmudk emNyD;aemuf pwkópöur®|mef; w&m;udv k nf; em&í
owdy|mefjzifyh if w&m;xl;&oGm;Muonf[k rdeYf q\ kd ? xdt
k qdv
k nf; oifjh rwfvaS y\/
y#mpm&monf aomwmywåzd v kd o
f Ykd a&mufí y&da'0udk vGeaf jrmuf oGm;onf[k qkad om þt|uxm
pum;üvnf; apm'embG,f ½Sad o;\/ tb,foYkd enf;[lrl .... y&da'0udk tem*grd r*fjzifo h m t<uif;rJh y,fEikd í
f ?
aomwmywård *fjzifh t<uif;rJh ry,fEikd af o;onf r[kwyf gavm[k apm'embG,½f \ dS / aomwmywård *fjzifh y&da'0\
taMumif;jzpfaom a'greópdwu f kd t<uif;rJh ry,fEikd af o;onfrmS rSeaf y\/ odYk aomfvnf; y#mpm&monf
ykAbÁ m* 0dyóemr*fEiS w hf uG aomwmywård *fjzifh jzpfay:qJ xdyk &da'0 a'greópdwu f kd y,fNyD;vQi?f rsm;rMumrDyif
txufr*fo;kH yg;odYk vnf; qdu k af &mufomG ;ayonf/ aomwmywård *foYkd a&mufonfrpS í y#mpm&m\ oEÅmefü xdk
y&da'0 a'greórsKd; wzefjzpfay:jcif; r½Sad wmhb?J tem*grdr*fjzifh t<uif;rJh vGeaf jrmufomG ;onfukd &nfí
qkod nf[k rSw, f ol ifah y\/ þodYk qEkd ikd jf cif;\ taMumif;,kwrdå mS .... rZÑdredum,f - rlvyPÖmo plVa0'v’ow k üf
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orÜZmaem owdrm - [laom pum;jzifh um,mEkyóDt& þvdk tjynft h pH½k rI wS &f ef wzef zGiv hf pS vf suf ñTejf y
onf[k odtyf\/
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[lrl ..... xif½mS ;aom ½kyt f rlt&mudk jycJah om enf;twdik ;f r½IjrifEikd v
f Qif xd½k yk t
f rlt&mü ]]tNrJwnfaeaom
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edó,ü qdx k m;ayonf/ rjywf½rI w
S í
f jzpfay:wdik ;f aom ½kyt
f rlt&mudk rNrJ qif;&J rvSy tewå[k aoaocsmcsm
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wifw h ,fonf? twåaumif igaumif [kwo f nf}}[k rxifjrif rpGv J rf;awmhNyD/ xkYd aMumifh edpö okc twå okb[k
pGv
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y,fazsmufyakH ywnf;/
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\/ þorx\ tpGr;f aMumifh pdwo f nf tvGeyf ifE;l nHh aysmah jymif;\? Mumav Mumav El;nHah vav jzpf\/
xkYd aMumifh r½Irw d hJ wjcm;wyg;aom ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwYdk üvnf; pOf;pm;BuHpnfvsuf avmbç
a'gowkYd onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh rjzpfEikd b f J Nidr;f aewwfuek \
f / r½Irw S bf J em;aecdu k rf mS vnf; Murf;wrf;aom
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aywnf;/
odkYjzpfí ]]½Irdaom tm½kHü udavom Nidr;f jcif;[laom w'*F0ed ,? r½Irad om tm½krH sm;üvnf; udavom
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f ikd ;f ½Irw
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ay\/ a0'emEkyóem ponfwYdk üvnf; enf;wlyif csJYíod&m\/ txl;rSm .... um,ü tokb[k ½Ijrif&ef a0'emç
pdwçå "r®wYdk ü tpOftwdik ;f 'ku©ç tedpçö tewå[k ½Ijrif&ef txl;ojzifh vdo k nf[k t|uxmü rdeYf q\ kd / omref
tm;jzifu h m; um,ç a0'emç pdwçå "r® tvH;k pHw k Ydk üyif tedpçö 'kuç© tewåç tokb[k ½Ijrif&efvo kd nfcsnf;
yifwnf;/
Oa'ó0g&ü tusOf;csKyfrSwfcsuf
NyD;NyD/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Äþtyd'k jf zifh tm;xkw&f ef toifjh yifqifrI - y&duu H kd jy\/ xkpd um;xJü awmç opfyifatmufç vlol
uif;qdwaf om ausmif;wkYd ukd a½G;cs,fí ñTejf yonfrmS tm;xkwcf gp yk*Kd¾ vfEiS t hf xl;oifah vsmaf omaMumifyh if jzpfay
onf/ orm"dÓPf&ifah eaom yk*Kd¾ vfrmS rlum; ae&m ra½G;yif tm;xkwEf ikd af y\/ xdak e&moH;k rsKd;wGiv f nf; qdwNf idrf
&monfomvQif vd&k if;aywnf;/ xkYd jyif xdik jf cif; - £&d,mykxf udo k m ñTejf yonfrmS vnf; tm;xkwcf gp yk*Kd¾ vf
twGuf txl;oifah vsmaf omaMumifyh if jzpfayonf/ aemufumvüvnf; £&d,mykxf 4-yg;vH;k rSmyif rjywf
tm;xkw&f \/ wifyv’iaf cGxikd &f ef ñTejf ycsurf mS vnf; Mum½Snpf mG xdik Ef ikd af p&ef jzpfayonf/ aemufumvüum;
wyg;aom xdik yf Hk xdik ef nf;wkYd jzifv
h nf; xdu
k v
f suf tm;xkw&f onfomwnf;/ txl;owdûy&efrmS xdik af om tcgü
ajcaxmufrsm;udk Muyfwnf;pGm zdny§ f acgufacGvsuf rxdik &f ? rzd rn§yyf J acsmifcspd mG omvQif xdik af e&rnf/ odYk rS
Mum½Snpf mG xdik Ef ikd í
f wpyfwnf; Mum½Snpf mG orm"dÓPfukd yGg;apEdik rf nf/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Äþtyd'k jf zifh tmemygemtm;xkwyf u kH kd tusOf;csKH;í jyonf/ ½ªwikd ;f ½Iu

d w
f ikd ;f trSw&f vsuf þenf;jzifh
tm;xkwaf eaom a,m*DrmS (1) 'DC-H tpcsDaom yXrenf;? (2) &óH-tpcsaD om 'kw, d enf;? (3) oAÁum,y#d
oHa0'D-tpcsDaom wwd,enf;? (4) yórÇ,-H tpcsDaom pwkw¬enf;tm;jzifh tus,fjyxm;aom 4-enf;vH;k t&
txl;odykH txl;jzpfykH tvH;k pHo
k nf tvdv
k ykd if tpOftwdik ;f jzpfay:vsuf NyD;pD;oGm;avawmh\/
rSev
f aS y\? 0ifouf xGuo f uf\ wdu k cf u
kd &f m ESmoD;zsm;ç EIwcf rf;wdYk ü owdjzifph ;l pdu k í
f 0ifwikd ;f
xGuw f ikd ;f rvpfrvyf&atmif 0ifw,f xGuw f ,f[k rjywfrw S af eaom a,m*Donf orm"dtawmftwef tm;½Sdvm
vQifyif ½Snf½Snf½ªrd½Idufrdonfudkvnf; oday\/ wdw k kd ½ªr½d udI rf o d nfuv kd nf; oday\/ xkYd xuf orm"dtm;aumif;
vmaomtcgü 0ifoufxu G of ufwYdk odraf rGYpmG wdu k cf ukd v
f suf jzpfay:vmprSpí rQifrQifuav; qH;k oGm;onf
wdkifatmif tpç tv,fç tqHk; tukefvHk;udyk if xif½mS ;yDopGm oday\/ þodYk odonfwikd af tmif pl;pl;pdu k pf u
kd f
½IrSwfae&rnfudk &nf½G,fí ]]oAÁum, y#doaH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © d - yóodómrDwd odu©wd}}[k
a[mawmfral yonf/ þpum;ü ]]0ifouf xGuo f ufwYdk \ tpç tv,fç tqHk; tukefvHk;udk xifxif½Sm;½Sm;BuD;
odatmif jyif;jyif;tm;xkwfí ½ª&½Iduf&rnf}} [líum; t,ltq rrSm;Muavvif/h yuwdtwdik ;f odraf rGUaeaom
tm½küH ½IEikd o f Ed ikd rf S orm"dÓPf tm;aumif; ayonf/ tm½ku H Murf;wrf;í xif½mS ;ay:jcif;rSm orm"dÓPfwYdk \
tpGrf;r[kwfyg? tm½kH\ tpGr;f om jzpfygonf/ bm0em\ "r®wmoabmtm;jzifq h vkd Qif orxa,m*DrmS jzpfap?
0dyóema,m*DrmS jzpfap orm"dÓPf &ifah vav 0ifoufxu G o f uf odraf rGYavavom jzpfNrJaywnf;/ orm"d
tvGet f m;aumif;aom tcgü 0ifoufxu G of uf vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f oGm;ouJo h Ydk vnf; jzpfwwf\/ odYk aomf vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f
onfum; r[kwaf y? ÓPftm;enf;í rodEikd jf cif;rQomwnf;/ qufvufí pl;pl;pdu k pf u
kd f ½Irw
S af evQif odraf rGYpmG
aom xdk 0ifoufxu G o
f ufü orxtvdt k m;jzifh y#dbm*edrw d x f ifvsuf Oypm&ç tyÜem orm"drsm;odYk a&mufEikd f
\/ 0dyóemtvdt k m;jzifh O',AÁ,ÓPfpaom 0dyóemÓPfrsm;odYk a&mufEikd \ f / þodYk ½keYf &if;aom 0ifouf
xGuo f ufrsm; csKyfNidr;f í odraf rGYpmG aom 0ifouf xGuo f ufrsm;ü orx0dyóemwkYd jzpfay:onfwikd af tmif¤if;? xdk
orx0dyóem tpGr;f jzifh r*fÓPfoYkd a&mufonf wdik af tmif¤if; rjywftm;xkwaf e&rnfukd &nf½, G íf ]]yórÇ,H
um,ocFg&H tóodómrDwd odu©wd? yóodómrDwd odu©wd}}[k a[mawmfral yonf/ þpum;üvnf;
]]0ifouf xGuo f ufukd atmifx h m;&rnf}} [líum; t,ltq rrSm;Muavvif/h
jycJo
h nfth wdik ;f ]0ifonf xGuof nf}[k rjywf rSwaf e½krH Qjzifh ½Sn½f n
S f ½I½u
dI o
f nfuv kd nf; odEikd çf wdw
k kd
½I½u
dI of nfuvkd J odEikd çf tp tv,f tqH;k tukev f ;kH udv
k nf; xif½mS ;pGm odEikd çf ½keYf &if;aom 0ifoufç
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þtydk'fudk tus,fjyaom pwkuú 4-enf;vH;k \ tusOf;csKyfpum; [k y#dorÇ'd gr*fç 0do'k rd̈ *fwYdk EiS t hf nD rSw&f m\/
txl;owdûy&ef-tómo-xGuo f uf? yómo-0ifouf-[laom teufonf jyef½;dk jyefpOf teuf

jzpfonf/ odYk &mwGif wwd,tBudr½f u dk rf S pí tóowd-0ifouf½\
ª ? yóowd-xGuo f uf½u dI \f -ponfjzifh
jyifvu
kd of nf/ xko d Ykd jyifaom teufonf a,m*D\ tm;xkwpf OfEiS ¤hf if;? okweå t
f |uxmwkYd EiS ¤hf if;? atmufyg
y#dorÇ'd gr*f ygVdawmfEiS ¤hf if; tnDyif jzpfonf/
tómom'drZÑy&da,momeH owd,m tEk*päawm tZÑwåH 0dau©y*wH pdwHå orm"dó y&dyaE¦m? yóm

om'drZÑy&da,momeH owd,m tEk*päawm A[d'g¨ 0dau©y*wH pdwHå orm"dó y&dyaE¦m - 0ifouf\ tp tv,f
tqH;k odYk owdjzifh tpOfvu
kd af om oltm; ud,
k w
f iG ;f ü ysHYviG jhf cif;odYk a&mufaom pdwo
f nf orm"d\ ab;&ef
aywnf;/ xGuo f uf\ tp tv,f tqH;k odYk owdjzifh tpOfvu kd af om oltm; tyü ysHYviG jhf cif;odYk a&mufaom
pdwo
f nf orm"d\ab;&efaywnf;/ (y#doH 163)
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
þtyd'k jf zifh tmemygemtm;xkwyf u kH kd tusOf;csKH;í jyonf/ ½ªwikd ;f ½Iu d w f ikd ;f trSw&f vsuf þenf;jzifh
tm;xkwaf eaom a,m*DrmS (1) 'DC-H tpcsDaom yXrenf;? (2) &óH-tpcsaD om 'kw, d enf;? (3) oAÁum,
y#doaH 0'D - tpcsDaom wwd,enf;? (4) yórÇ,H - tpcsDaom pwkwe¬ nf;tm;jzifh tus,fjyxm;aom 4-enf;
vH;k t& txl;odykH txl;jzpfykH tvH;k pHo
k nf tvdv k ykd if tpOftwdik ;f jzpfay:vsuf NyD;pD;oGm;avawmh\/
rSev
f aS y\? 0ifouf xGuo f uf\ wdu k cf u
kd &f m ESmoD;zsm;ç EIwcf rf;wdYk ü owdjzifph ;l pdu k í
f 0ifwikd ;f
xGuw f ikd ;f rvpfrvyf&atmif 0ifw,f xGuw f ,f[k rjywfrw S af eaom a,m*Donf orm"dtawmftwef tm;½Sv d m
vQifyif ½Snf½Snf½ªrd½Idurf o d nfuv kd nf; oday\/ wdw k kd ½ªr½d udI rf o d nfuv kd nf; oday\/ xkYd xuf orm"dtm;aumif;
vmaomtcgü 0ifoufxu G of ufwYdk odraf rGYpmG wdu k cf ukd v
f suf jzpfay:vmprSpí rQifrQifuav; qH;k oGm;onf
wdik af tmif tpç tv,fç tqH;k tukev f ;kH udyk if xif½mS ;yDopGm oday\/ þodYk odonfwikd af tmif pl;pl;pdu k pf ukd f
½IrSwfae&rnf udk &nf½G,fí ]]oAÁum, y#doaH 0'D tóodómrDwd oduw © -d yóodómrDwd odu©wd}}[k
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odatmif jyif;jyif; tm;xkwfí ½ª&½Iduf&rnf}} [líum; t,ltq rrSm;Muavvif/h yuwdtwdik ;f odraf rGUaeaom
tm½küH ½IEikd o f Ed ikd rf S orm"dÓPf tm;aumif;ayonf/ tm½ku H Murf;wrf;í xif½mS ;ay:jcif;rSm orm"dÓPfwYdk \
tpGrf;r[kwfyg? tm½kH\ tpGr;f om jzpfygonf/ bm0em\ "r®wmoabmtm;jzifq h vkd Qif orxa,m*DrmS jzpfap?
0dyóema,m*DrmS jzpfap orm"dÓPf &ifah vav 0ifoufxu G o f uf odraf rGYavavom jzpfNrJaywnf;/ orm"d
tvGet f m;aumif;aom tcgü 0ifoufxu G o f uf vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f oGm;ouJo h Ydk vnf; jzpfwwf\/ odYk aomf vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f
onfum; r[kwaf y? ÓPftm; enf;í rodEikd jf cif;rQomwnf;/ qufvufí pl;pl;pdu k pf u
kd f ½Irw
S af evQif odraf rGUpGm
aom xdk 0ifoufxu G o
f ufü orxtvdt k m;jzifh y#dbm*edrw d x f ifvsuf Oypm&ç tyÜem orm"drsm;odYk a&mufEikd f
\/ 0dyóemtvdt k m;jzifh O',AÁ,ÓPf paom 0dyóemÓPfrsm;odYk a&mufEikd \ f / þodYk ½keYf &if;aom 0ifouf
xGuo f ufrsm; csKyfNidr;f í odraf rGYpmG aom 0ifouf xGuo f ufrsm;ü orx0dyóemwkYd jzpfay:onfwikd af tmif¤if;? xdk
orx0dyóem tpGr;f jzifh r*fÓPfoYkd a&mufonfwikd af tmif¤if; rjywftm;xkwaf e&rnfukd &nf½, G íf ]]yórÇ,H
um,ocFg&H tóodómrDwd odu©wd? yóodómrDwd odu©wd}}-[k a[mawmfral yonf/ þpum;üvnf;
]]0ifouf xGuo f ufukd atmifx h m;&rnf}} [líum; t,ltq rrSm;Muavvif/h
jycJo
h nft h wdik ;f ]0ifonf xGuo f nf}[k rjywf rSwaf e½krH Qjzifh ½Sn½f n
S f ½I½u dI o f nfuvkd nf; odEikd çf wdw
k kd
½I½u
dI o
f nfuv kd J odEikd çf tp tv,f tqH;k tukev f ;kH udv
k nf; xif½mS ;pGm odEikd çf ½keYf &if;aom 0ifoufç xGuo f uf
rsm; Nidr;f oGm;onfuv kd nf; odEikd af omaMumifh ]]oawm0 tóowd? oawm0 yóowd}} [laom þtyd'k u f kd
tus,fjyaom pwkuú 4-enf;vH;k \ tusOf;csKyfpum; [k y#dorÇ'd gr*fç 0do'k rd̈ *fwYdk EiS t hf nD rSw&f m\/
txl;owdûy&ef - tómo - xGuo f uf? yómo - 0ifouf - [laom teufonf jyef½;dk jyefpOf teuf
jzpfonf/ odYk &mwGif wwd,tBudr½f u dk rf S pí tóowd-0ifouf½\ ª ? yóowd-xGuo f uf½u dI \f -ponfjzifh
jyifvu
kd of nf/ xko d Ykd jyifaom teufonf a,m*D\ tm;xkwpf OfEiS ¤hf if;? okweå tf |uxmwkYd EiS ¤hf if;? atmufyg
y#dorÇ'd gr*f ygVdawmfEiS ¤hf if; tnDyif jzpfonf/
tómom'drZÑy&da,momeH owd,m tEk*päawm tZÑwåH 0dau©y*wH pdwHå orm"dóy&dyaE¦m? yómom'd

rZÑy&da,momeH owd,m tEk*päawm A[d'g¨ 0dau©y*wH pdwHå orm"dó y&dyaE¦m - 0ifouf\ tp tv,f
tqH;k odYk owdjzifh tpOfvu
kd af om oltm; ud,
k w
f iG ;f ü ysYH viG jhf cif;odYk a&mufaom pdwo
f nf orm"d\ ab;&ef
aywnf;/ xGuo f uf\ tp tv,f tqH;k odYk owdjzifh tpOfvu kd af om oltm; tyü ysHYviG jhf cif;odYk a&mufaom
pdwof nf orm"d\ab;&efaywnf;/ (y#doH 163)
Ä
þt&mü y-Zmemwd-[k qdak omfv;J ½Sn½f n S q
f o
JG nf? wdw
k q kd oJG nfukd od½rHk Qomwnf;/ þyGwq f &JG mü
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rcsYJ oifah Mumif; owdjyKtyf\/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
1-rdr\
d 0ifouf xGuo f ufü ½Irw S íf oabmrSeu f kd od&aomtcgrSm ]]olwyg;oEÅmefü ½ª½u dI af eonfrmS
vnf; þvdo k abmrsKd; yif}}[k qifjcifr\
d / þodYk qifjcifonfuykd if olwyg;oEÅmef ½kyt f aygif;ü ½Ijrifonf[k
qdkonf/ olwyg; ½ª½Idufae[efudk wrif Munfíh ¤if;? pOf;pm;í¤if; ½I&ef ñTejf yonfum; r[kwaf y/
rSwfcsuf
2-w&Hwcgü rdr\ d 0ifouf xGuo f ufukd ½Irw

S af e&if;yif tMum;tMum;ü ]]olwyg; oEÅmefrmS vnf;
þvdk oabmrsKd;yif}}[k cP cP qifjcifr\
d / xdt
k cgü rdrçd olwyg; ESpOf ;D om;vH;k \ ½kyftaygif;ü ½Ijrifaeonf
rnf\/
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jzpfay:vsuf ½Sad yonf/ odYk jzpfí 0rf;Adu k pf aom ud, k çf ESmacgif;aygufç pdwf[laom þ 3-yg;onf ork',"r® -
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xGuo f uf jzpfaeonf[k oabm usç us oGm;vQif ork',"r®mEkyóD rnfaMumif;udk t|uxmü qd\ k / ESmoD;
zsm;paom xdcu kd &f mXmeü 0ifouf xGuo f ufwYdk tqifq h ifh xdcukd vf suf wydik ;f pD wydik ;f pD topf topfjzpfay:
jzpfay:vmonfukd ydik ;f ydik ;f jcm;jcm; odjrifaom a,m*Donfvnf; ork',"r®mEkyóD - jzpfrI oabmudk ½Ijrifol
rnfonfomwnf;/ xkYd jyif zm;zdv k nf; r½S?d ¤if;\EIwo f ;D vnf; r½S?d avxGuaf tmif qGrJ v I nf; r½Sv d Qif zm;zdrk S
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csKyfaMumif;-r½Sad Mumif; aywnf;[k oabm usç usoGm;vQif 0,"r®mEkyóD rnfaMumif;udk t|uxmü qd\ k /
ESmoD;zsm;paom Xmeü xdcu kd vf suf xdcu kd v f suf &dyuf eJ &dyu f eJ tqifq h ifh aysmufç aysmuf oGm;onfukd rSwq f J
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rSw&f m\/ tb,fhaMumifhenf; [lrl .... ]]0ifouf xGuo f uf ½kyf jzpfjcif;ysufjcif;r½Sb d J yuwdtwdik ;f yif tNrJ½adS e
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yxydik ;f ponfwYdk ü jzpfryI sufrw I Ydk uv
kd nf; t|uxmrSm jyqdx k m;onfomwnf;/ xko d Ykd jyqd&k mü o0H aPÖwAÁy'k rf mS
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taMumif;rlum; .... orxbm0emt&mü jkzpfaMumif; ysufaMumif;w&m;ç jzpfrI ysufrw I &m;wkYd ukd ½Ijrif&efvnf;
rvdak y? wPSm'd|jd zifrh rDS I pGv
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ay? 0dyóembm0em t&mü omvQif þtvH;k pHk NyD;pD;Edik af yonf/ þum; 0dyóemudk y"meûyonf[k odtyf
aMumif;rsm; aywnf;/
odYk jzpfí tmemygeydik ;f ü 0dyóemjzpfyu kH dk þodYk rSwt

f yf\/ tmemyge y#dbm*edrw d üf psmef 1-yg;udk
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tm½kH 0ifouf xGuo f ufujkd zpfap ½Irw S vf suf tjzpftysufukd ½Si;f vif;pGm odjrifjcif;jzifh 0dyóemÓPf tqifq h ifh
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edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufawGYjrifonf[k rSwt f yf\/ þonfum; .... aom psmem 0k|[dwGm tómoyómao 0g
y&d*P ¾ wS d psme*Fged 0g-paom t|uxmESifhtnD .... orx,medu yk*Kd¾ vftm; 0dyóem jzpfyakH ywnf;/
0dyóem ,medu yk*Kd¾ vfrmS rlum;.....ESmoD;zsm;ç EIwcf rf;wdYk ü 0ifouf xGuo f uf xdcu kd w
f ikd ;f xdcu kd w
f ikd ;f
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þodYk ½Si;f vif;vsuf bk&m; pum;awmfukd axmufcx H m;ay\/
umrH aomPod*gF vm'a,myd *päEmÅ *pämrmwd ZmeEÅ?d e yaewH {0½lyH

ZmeeH oE¨m, 0kw/Hå {0½lyOSd ZmeeH owåLyv'¨ð e yZ[wd? twåonH e O*¢ga#
wd? ur®|meH 0g owdy|mebm0em 0g e a[mwd/ £ró ye bduK© aem ZmeeH
owåLyv'¨ð yZ[wd? twåonH O*¢ga#wd? ur®|meaOö0 owdy|mebm0em p
a[mwd/ £'OSd aum *päw?d uó *reH? uð um&Pm *päww D d {0H orÜZmeeH
oE¨m, 0kw/Hå Xmem'Doyk d {ao0 ea,m/
aomPod*gF vm'a,myd? acG; ajracG; tp½Sad om tnHph m;? owå0gwkYd aomfrv S nf;/ *päEmÅ ? oGm;ukev f wf
aomf/ *pämrmwd? oGm;uke\ f [lí/ umrH ZmeEÅ?d odMuonfrmS rSev f aS y\/ /(þpum;jzifh 0dyóemÓPf rjzpfb;l
ao;í 0dyóem t&mü rodem;rvnfaom yk*Kd¾ vfwYkd \ txiftjrifukd wpdww f ydik ;f 0efcí H azmfjy\/ *&[m
teuf½Sdaom ydo'´gjzifh ]]0dyóem tvkyrf ½Sad om omref &[ef;½Siv f wl Ydk vnf; acG; ajracG; ponfwYdk uo hJ Ydk odEikd f
MuonfrmS qdb k ,
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[laom þbk&m;pum;awmfonf/ {0½lyH oE¨m,? omref&[ef; ½Siv f wl Ykd EiS w
hf uG acG; ajracG; tp½Sad om tnHph m;
owå0gwkYd \ (½Irw S jf cif;r½Sb d J tvdv k kd jzpfaeaom) þvdk tavhayguf todrsKd;udk &nf½G,fí/ e 0kwåH? a[mtyf
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r½Sb
d J tvdv k jkd zpfaeaom yuwdtodEiS hf ½Irw S v f suf½adS om a,m*D\todukd twlwyl if xifrw S v f suf txifrao;
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onH e O*¢ga#wd? twåaumif-igaumif[k xifrw S jf cif;udv
k J rcGg rEkww f wfacs? ur®|meH 0g? ur®|mef;onfaomf
¤if;? owdy|mebm0em 0g? owdy|mef bm0emonfaomf¤if;/ e a[mwd? wckcrk Q rjzpfacs/ ye? trSet f m;jzifh
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þa,m*D&[ef;\/ ZmeeH? todÓPfonf/ /(þtydk'fü y-o'´g rygaomfvnf; &nf½, G cf suftm;jzifh yZmeeudyk if
qdvk okd nf/ xkYd aMumifh ]]yZmemwd yZmeeH yk'w

f Ydk \ t&mü y-o'´grygbJ Zmemwd ZmeeH-[k qdEk ikd af Mumif;? xdo k Ykd
qd&k müvnf; &nf½, G cf suftm;jzifh teuf t"dygÜ ,frmS r,kwaf vsmah Mumif; odtyf\/ jrefrmjyef&müvnf; y-y'´g\
teufukd azsmufí yZmemwd-od\/ yZmeeH-todÓPf-[k jyefqEkd ikd af Mumif;? þodYk jyefq&kd müvnf; &nf½, G cf suf
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y,fwwfay\/ twåonHO*¢ga#wd? twåaumif-igaumif[k xifrw S jf cif;udv
k nf; cGgEkww
f wfay\/ ur®|meaOö0?
ur®|mef;tppfvnf; jzpfay\/ owdy|mebm0em p a[mwd? owdy|mef bm0emtppfvnf; jzpfay\/ [d? jzpfykH
um;/ £'H? oGm;vQif oGm;onf[k odonf-[laom þpum;awmfonf/ aum *päw?d b,fol oGm;oenf;/ uó
*reH? b,fo\ l oGm;rIenf;/ uð um&Pm *päw?d b,ftaMumif;aMumifh oGm;oenf;? £wd? þar;cGe;f 3-csuf
t&tm;jzifh/ {0H orÜZmeeH oE¨m,? þvdrk eS pf mG tjym;tm;jzifh odjcif;udk &nf½, G íf / 0kw?Hå a[mtyfaom pum;
aywnf;/ Xmem'Doyk ?d &yfjcif;paom £&d,mykxw f Ydküvnf;? {ao0 ea,m? þenf;yifwnf;/
txufyg t|uxmonf bk&m;pum; ygVdawmfukd y,fonfvnf; r[kwaf y? jznfph u G f jyifqifonfvnf;

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&[ef;½Siv f ul kd rqdx k m;bd? acG; ajracG;paom wd&pämefrsm;awmifrS 'Dvo kd Ed ikd Mf uonfyif r[kwyf gavm [lrl ....
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xl;jcm; uGjJ ym;aeygonf/ ½Sif;jyygOD;tHh .... ½IrSwrf I r½Sad om omref vly*k Kd¾ vfwYkd onf¤if;? acG; ajracG;paom
wd&pämefwYdk onf¤if; oGm;qJü oGm;csifaompdwEf iS hf a½GY½mS ;rI ½kyw f Ydk ukd jzpfwikd ;f jzpfwikd ;f vnf; aphaphpyfpyfoMd uonf
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½Sod nfuv kd nf; rsufarSmufawGYí odMuonf r[kwyf g? wa½GUrS wa½GUodYk ra&mufbJ tydik ;f tydik ;f jywfvsuf
csKyfaysmufomG ;Muonfuv kd nf; rsufarSmufawGUí odMuonf r[kwyf g/ trSet f m;jzifah omfum; .... acG; ajracG;
ponfwYdk EiS w hf uG xdo k mrefvw l Ydk onf oGm;p vSr;f p jzpfapç tv,fyikd ;f üjzpfapç tqH;k ydik ;f üjzpfap w&HwcgrQ
wcP uav;rQom odMuavonf/ trsm;tm;jzifrh u l m; .... rdru d , kd w f ikd f oGm;aeonfukd trSwrf &bJ wjcm;wyg;
udo k m pdwu f ;l a&mufvsuf pOf;pm;BuHpnfvsuf trSww f rJoh mG ;aeaom tcsed u f mvuom twdik ;f rod tvGerf sm;ae
avonf/ ud, k w f ikd f oGm;aeonfukd w&Hwcg trSw&f jyefvQifvnf; tNrJwrf; wnf½adS eaom igaumif taetm;
jzifo h m odMuavonf/ roGm;rDu ½Sad eaom pdwEf iS ½hf yk u f ,kd u f yif oGm;aeonf[k xifrw S Mf uonf/ oGm;wke;f u
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xifjrifjcif;udv k nf; ry,frEkwEf ikd ?f xdt k odrsKd;udk tm½kûH yvsuf olwYdk oEÅmefrmS wzefrw S o f rd I 0dyóem jzpfjcif;r½Sd
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pum;awmfonf acG; ajracG;ponfwYdk EiS w hf uG ½Irw S jf cif;r½Sad om omrefvyl *k Kd¾ vfwYdk \ xkt d odrsKd;udk &nf½, G af om
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h if; wGe;f uefrçI a½GYvsm;rItqifq h ifrh Qom ½So d nfukd
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S af e&if;yif xif½mS ;pGm odç odomG ;ay\/
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k pf w
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d mG ;jcif; trlt&mü tpd;k w& pDrcH efYcEJG ikd f
aomydik ½f iS u
f u kd m; rawGY&acs? oGm;vdak ompdwf tqifq h ifah Mumifh awmifwh if;-wGef;uefrIç a½GY½Sm;rI tqifhqifh
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....uó *reH [laom 'kw, d ar;cGe;f t& ajyvnfpmG odjcif;aywnf;/
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tqifqh ifjh zpfay:vmaom awmifw h if;-wGe;f uefrçI a½GY½mS ;rIrsm;udv
k nf; tqifq h ifrh w f &d \/ xkYd aMumifh ]]igoGm;
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h v
kd Qif oGm;vdak ompdwaf Mumifh wa½GU
wa½GUcsif; tqifq h ifh jzpfysufomG ;aom awmifw h if; wGe;f uefrçI a½GU½Sm;rItaygif;rQom ½So d nf}}[k ½Si;f vif;pGm
odavawmh\/ þtodonf....uð um&Pm *päwd-[kaom wwd, ar;cGe;f t& ajyvnfpmG odjcif;aywnf;/ þ
t&mü oEé|d mefus rSw, f El ikd af p&ef t|uxm tqdu k v
kd nf; xkwjf yOD;tHh/
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yk*v
¾ ó 0g *reH/ uð um&Pm *päww D d pdwu å &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e *päw/d wo®m {o {0H yZmemwd ....
*pämrDwd pdwHå OyÜZw
Æ ?d wH 0g,H Zaewd? 0ga,m 0dnwåð Zaewd/ pdwu å &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e ouvum,ó
yk&awm tbde[ D ma&m *reEÅd 0kpw ö /d Xmem'Doyk d {ao0 ea,m/ wMwmyd [d wd|mrd edo'D grd o,mrDwd pdwHå
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d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e uvum,ó aum#dawm
y|m, Oódwbma0g XmeEÅd 0kpw ö /d pdwu å &d ,d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e a[|drum,ó ordOeÆ H Oy&drum,ó
Oódwbma0g edoZÆmwd 0kpw ö /d pdwu å &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e ouvum,ó wd&, d awm yom&PH o,eEÅd
0kpwö Dwd/
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ovJ[al om ar;cGe;f ü/ pdwu å &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e? ûytyfaom awmifw h if; vIy½f mS ;rI (0ga,m"mwf)\ jyefYEYHS
vIy½f mS ;jcif;aMumif/h *päw?d oGm;ay\/ wo®m? xkYd aMumif/h {o? oGm;vQif oGm;onf[k ½Irw S af om þa,m*Donf/
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u/ 0dnwå?ð um,0dnmwf[ak c:aom wGe;f uefrI owåt d xl;ud/k Zaewd? jzpfay:ap\/ /(oGm;qJü ½Irw S af eaom
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udjk zpfaponf [l&mü wGe;f uefro I wåd txl;ESiw hf uG 0ga,m½kyjf zpfay:vmonfuo kd m jyvd&k if;aywnf;/ trSef
tm;jzifah omfum; 0ga,mESiw hf uG 0dnwf½yk o f nf pdwaf Mumifjh zpfaom pdwåZ½kyf omwnf;/ 0ga,maMumifjh zpfaom
0ga,mZ½kyf [líum; r½Sad y)/ pdwu å &d ,d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e? pdwu f ûytyfaom awmifw h if;vIy½f mS ;rI\ jyefYEHS
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ud/k *reEÅd 0kpw ö ?d oGm;jcif;[k ac:qdt k yf\/ Xmem'Doyk ?d &yfjcif;ponfwYdk üvnf;/ {ao0 ea,m? þenf;yif
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avsmif;rnf[k BuHaompdwo f nf/ OyÜZw Æ ?d a½S;OD;pGm jzpfay:\/ wH? &yfrnfç xdik rf nfç avsmifrnfBuHaom xdpk w d f
u/ 0g,H Zaewd? awmifw h if;rI vIy½f mS ;rIukd jzpfay:ap\/ 0ga,m? awmifw h if;vIy½f mS ;rIu/ 0dnwå?ð wGe;f uefrI
owåt d xl;ud/k Zaewd? jzpfap\/ (þt&mü wl&mygVdtcsKdYukd csKH;xm;onf)/ pdwu å &d , d 0ga,m-"mwk0yd gæ a&e?
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Oódwbma0g? atmuftpGe;f rSpí axmifaejcif;ud/k XmeEÅd 0kpw ö ?d &yfjcif;[kac:qdk tyf\/ pdwu å &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk
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,ó Oódwbma0g? atmufyikd ;f ud, k \ f acGaejcif;ç txufyikd ;f ud, k \ f axmifaejcif;ud/k edoZÆmwd 0kpw ö ?d
xdik jf cif;[k ac:qdt k yf\/ pdwu å &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk-0dygæ a&e? pdwu f ûytyfaom awmifw h if;rIç vIy½f mS ;rI\ jyefYEYHS
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kH rJ mS ]]wud,k v
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f ydik ;f acGí ud, k w
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pGm owdûytyf\)/
wó {0H Zmeawm {0H a[mwd .... oawåm *päwd oawåm wd|wDwd 0kpw ö /d tw¬awm ye aumpd oawåm
*päaEÅm 0g wd|aEÅm 0g ew¬/d ,xm ye ou#H *päwd ou#H wd|wDwd 0kpw ö ?d e p udOdö ou#H emr *päEHÅ 0g
wd|EÅH 0g tw¬/d pwåma&m ye a*gaP a,maZwGm aqurSd om&xdrdS ygaZaEÅ ou#H *päwd ou#H wd|wDwd
a0g[m&rw¬ar0 a[mwd/ {0ar0 ygZeD,a|e ou#H 0d, uma,m? a*gPm 0d, pdwZå 0gwm? om&xD 0d,
pdw/Hå *pömrDwd pdawå OyÜaEé 0ga,m"mwk 0dnwåð Ze,rmem OyÜZw
Æ ?d pdwuå &d ,
d 0ga,m"mwk0yd gæ a&e *rem'Ded
y0wåE?dÅ wawm ]]oawåm *päwd oawåm wd|wd? t[H *pämrd t[H wd|mrDwd a0g[m&rwåH a[mwD}}wd/
{0H Zmeawm? þqdck o hJ nfth wdik ;f ]]oGm;vdak ompdwf ponfaMumifjh zpfaom awmifw h if;vIy½f mS ;rI\ tpGr;f
jzifh oGm;rIponf jzpfaeonf}}[k oda,m/ wó? xdak ,m*Dtm;/ {0H a[mwd? þodYk aom qH;k jzwfr-I oabmusrI
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ajymqdt k yfayonf/ ye? odYk aomfvnf;/ tw¬awm? trSeo f abmtm;jzif/h *päaEÅm 0g wd|aEÅm 0g? oGm;wwfç
&yfwwf aom/ aumpd oawåm? wpHw k a,mufaom owå0grQ/ ew¬?d r½Sad cs/ ye? Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif/ ou#H *päwd
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tw¬?d r½Sd acs/ ye? trSet f m;jzifrh ul m;/ pwåm&m a*gaP a,maZwGm? av;aumifaom EGm;wkYd ukd ,SOw f yfí/
(£&d,mykxf 4-yg;ESiq hf ikd af om 0ga,m"mwf 4-yg;ESihf EIid ;f ,SO&f ef EGm;av;aumifukd jyonf[k ,loif\ h )/
/aqurSd om&xdrdS ygaZaEÅ? armif;ESiw f wfaom vSn;f orm;u armif;ESiv f Qif/ ou#H *päwd ou#H wd|wDw?d
vSn;f oGm;aeonfç vSn;f &yfaeonf[/k a0g[m&rwåar0? ajymqd½k rHk Qom/ a[mwd ,xm? jzpfouJo h Ykd / {0ar0?
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f / pdw?Hå oGm;vdçk &yfvçkd xdik v f çkd
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BuHaompdwf jzpfay: vQif (£wd-o'´gtm'd teuf½Sd\/) 0ga,m"mwk? awmifw h if;vIy½f mS ;rIonf/ 0dnwåð
Ze,rmem OyÜZw Æ ?d wGe;f ç aqmifç vIy½f mS ;aprIowåd txl;udyk g jzpfapvsuf jzpfay:vm\/
pdwuå &d ,
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awem[-em0g rmvkwa0a*e?
Zd,ma0a*e awZeH/
,xm ,mwd wxm uma,m?
,mwd 0gwm[awm t,H/
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å wk 0å aoed'/H
y,kwHå um,,EÅyH ?d ,mwd Xmwd edo'D wd/
aum emr {w¬ aom oawåm?

a,m 0dem a[wk-ypöa,/
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wda| 0g ,'d 0g 0aZwd/
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jzpfí/ ,mwd £0? oGm;ouJo h Ydk / £'H um,,EÅyH ?d þ ½kyu f ,kd w f nf;[laom ,EÅ&m;puf½ yk o
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wo®m {0H a[wkypö,0aoae0 y0wåmed *rem'Ded ov’au©aEÅm {o ]]*päaEÅm 0g

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h mvQif rjywfjzpfay:
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odtyf\/
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tjcif;t&mç oGm;aomtjcif;t&m ponfjzifh rjywfjzpfaeaom pdwEf iS ½hf yk w
f Ydk uykd if oGm;rIç &yfrçI xdik rf çI avsmif;rI[k
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rSw&f rnf}} [lí¤if;? ]]xkod Ykd rw
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e £w¬?D e yk&ad om? e twåm? e twåe,
d ?H em[H? e rr? e aumpd? e uópDwd
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h pHx
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k af zmf&ef ñTejf yonf/
rSwfcsuf
2-ork',"r®mEkyóD? 0,"r®mEkyóD? tedóad wm? e p udOdö Oyg'd,wd-[laomyk'rf sm;jzifh þy#duv l

ydik ;f üvnf; 0dyóemudo k m y"meûyía[maMumif; xif½mS ;vSay\/ taMumif;rlum;....orxoufoufjzifh tjzpf
tysufuv kd nf; rodrjrifEikd af cs? wPSmç 'd|dç trSD-tpGu J vkd nf; ruif;apEdik af cs? 0dyóemjzifo
h mvQif tjzpftysuf
udo k jd rifí trSt D pGu
J v kd nfuif;apEdik af yonf/ odYk jzpfí þ y#duv l ydik ;f üvnf; 0dyóemjzpfao;onf[k rSwt f yf
\/ tb,foYkd jzpfoenf;[lr.l ...qHyifarT;ñSi;f ponfjzifh ½Iaom (Oypm-tyÜem psmef) pdwrf sm;udk wzefrw S v f suf
qHyifarG;ñSi;f paom ½kyt f m½kEH iS w
hf uG xk½d aI om psmefpw d \ f tjzpftysufukd a,m*Donf xif½mS ;odjrifEikd af y\/
þodYk odjrifwikd ;f odjrifwikd ;f ½Irad om½kyt f m½küH ¤if;? ½Iaom psmefpw d üf ¤if; wPSm'd|d tpGtJ rSu
D if;\/ odkYjzpfí
qHyifarG;ñSi;f ponfjzifh ½Iaom psmefpw d Ef iS w
hf uG qHyif arG;ñSi;f paom tm½k½H yk \ f ay:vmrI aysmufomG ;rI[al om
tjzpftysuu f kd (rSww f ikd ;f rSww f ikd ;f ) odjrifomG ;jcif;udk yif ork',"r®mEkyóD ponfjzifh a[mawmfro l nf[íl ¤if;?
wPSm'd|t d pGt
J rSuD kd uif;apaom 0dyóemjzpfonf[í l ¤if; rSwtf yfay\/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
½Sdaom-[laom þ0daooeyk'rf sm;udk ]]þud,
k u
f }kd } [laom yk'Ef iS phf yfav/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
þay,smvjzifh a½S;rSm½SNd yD;aom teufrsm;twdik ;f tjynft
h pHx
k w
k af zmf&ef ñTejf yonf/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
1-qHyiftp usifi,ftqH;k ½Sad om 32-yHw k Ykd wiG f qHyifrS OD;aESmufwikd af tmif tyHk 20-onf cufrm
f aJ omaMumih?f (yx0D) trmcH"mwf rnf\/ þ"mwf 20-ESiahf wGYxad omtcgrSm ]]cufrmonf?
Murf;wrf;rI vGeu
Murf;wrf;onf? El;nHo h nf? acsmnufonf? (av;onfç ayghonf) xdyg;onf? wnfwo hH nf? cHvifo
h nf}}[k
od&\/ þodYk od&aom oabmonf y&rwf yx0Dtppfaywnf;/
rSwfcsuf
2-onf;ajcrS usifi,fwidk af tmif 12-yHo

k nf ,dpk ;D zGYJ w,
G rf I vGeu
f aJ omaMumifh (tmayg) t&nf"mwf
rnf\/ t&nf"mwfveG u f J aom þ"mwf 12-yg;ESihf awGYxad omtcgrSm ]]t&nfaysmfonf? ,dpk ;D onf? pD;usonf?
av;usonf? pdx
k idk ;f onf? yGaponf? ap;uyf onf? yl;wGo J nf? zGYJ w,G of nf? vH;k cJonf}}[k od&\/ þodkY
od&aom oabmonf y&rwf tmaygtppf aywnf;/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
1-(1) oEÅyeÜ tzsm;½Sdef tylaiGY? (2) Zd&P-tom;ta&udk tdrk if; &ifah &mfapaom yuwdu, kd af iGY? (3)
'g[-wud, k vf ;kH tjyif; ylavmifaom tylaiGY? (4) ygpu tpmudk aMuusufapaom tylaiGY[laom þ 4-rsKd;
onf ylaEG;rIveG u f aJ omaMumifh (awaZm) tcd;k taiGY"mwf rnf\/ þ"mwfav;yg;ESihf awGYx&d aomtcgrSm
]]ylonf? aEG;onf? at;onf? &ifu h sufaponf? El;nHo
h rd af rGYaponf? ayghwufaponf? ayghwufonf}}[k od\/
þodYk od&aom oabmonf y&rwf awaZmtppf aywnf;/
rSwfcsuf
2-(1) O'¨*rF -avcsOw f ufjcif; ponfjzifh txufoYkd qefaomav? (2) ta"m*r-atmufoYkd pkeaf omav?
(3) ukpo dä ,-0rf;Adu
k xf w
J iG f (tl\tjyifü) wnfaomav? (4) aum|mo, tlxüJ wnfaomav? (5) t*Fr*Fg
Ekom&D-t*FgBuD;i,fukd avQmufvsuf auG; qefY vIy½f mS ;rI ponfukd NyD;apaomav (6) tómo yómo-
0ifoufç xGuo f ufav-[laom þ 6-rsKd;onf awmifw f aJ omaMumifh (0ga,m) av"mwf
h if; vIy½f mS ;rI vGeu
rnf\/ þ "mwf 6-yg;ESihf awGYx&d aom tcgrSm ]]axmufuefonf? awmifw h if;onf? avsmhonf? wnfNidro
f nf?
vIy½f mS ;onf? a½GU½Sm;onf? qGo J nf? wGe;f onf}}[k od&\/ þodYk od&aom oabmonf y&rwf0ga,m tppf
aywnf;/
"mwkreodum&ü 0dyóem jzpfyu kH m; ..... qHyif tp 0ifoufç xGufouf tqHk;½Sdaom þ 42 yHkwkdYudk

½Ivsuf Oypmorm"dEiS hf jynfph akH om orx,medu yk*Kd¾ vfrmS xdo k rm"dpw d u
f ykd if wzef rSwo
f jzifh qHyifpaom
½kytf m½kEH iS w
hf uG ¤if;orm"dpwd \ f ay:rI aysmufrI - jzpfrI ysufru I kd xif½mS ; odjrifvsuf O',AÁ,ÓPf ponf
jzpfay:\/ þum; "mwkreodum&jzifh orx,medurSm 0dyóem jzpfykH aywnf;/ 0dyóem,medurSmrlum; .....
ud,k xf w
J iG f txift½Sm; awGYx&d mXmewkYd ü pl;pdu k íf rSwof jzifh "mwf 4-yg;udk vu©Pmç &o ponfjzifh ydik ;f jcm;
odjrifNyD;vQif xdord I rSwo f rd EI iS w
hf uG xd"k mwf 4-yg;\ jzpfrI ysufru I v
kd nf; xif½mS ;odjrifvsuf O',AÁ,ÓPf
ponf jzpfay:\/ þum; "mwkreodum&jzifh 0dyóem ,medurSm 0dyóemjzpfyakH ywnf;/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
þod0xduydik ;f wkYd üvnf; ork',"r®mEkyóD ponfjzifh 0dyóemjzpfyu kH kd jyxm;onfjh yif r[mod0
ax&fuvnf; tm'De0gEkyóem[k qdx k m;ay\/ odYk jzpfí od0xdu bm0emjzifh 0dyóemjzpfyu kH kd þodYk rSw,f l
oifah y\/ 'Gg& 6-yg;ü jzpfcu kd f ½kyef mrfwYdk ukd rjywf ½Irw S af eaom a,m*Donf xko d Ykd ½Irw S af e&if;yif rdrud ,kd f
aumifBuD; zl;zl;a&mifaom olaoaumif ponfvykd if jzpfaeonf[k xif&wwf\? wrif ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcifaom
aMumifvh nf; þuJo h Ykd xif&wwf\? xdt k cgrSm a,m*Donf xifjrif&aom xdk rdru d , kd af umifuykd if jrifw,f
jrifw,f ponfjzifh rSwv f suf ay:vmaom ud, k af umif\ aysmufaysmufomG ;jcif;udk xif½mS ;awGY&\/ þodkY
awGUjcif; odjcif;udyk if 0dyóem[k rSw, f o l ifah y\/ rSev f aS y\? þodYk ½Irw S &f mü zl;zl;a&mifaom olaoaumif[ef
ponfjzpfvsuf xifay:vmaom yHo k P²mef tm½krH mS wu,fjzpfysufaom y&rwf½yk f tppfr[kwjf im;aomfvnf;
trnfynwf tmumo ynwfponfuo hJ Ydk rS&D mtxnfj'Af vH;k 0uif;onfvnf; r[kwaf y? ½Irw S af eaom a,m*DrmS
wu,fyif jzpfysufomG ;onfh taetm;jzifv h nf; xif½mS ;ay\/ xkYd jyif xdyk o kH P²mefukd jrifoad eaom raem0dnmPf
pdwof nfum; y&rwfw&m;tppf yifwnf;? a,m*DrmS xdpk w d yf gyif jzpfysuo f mG ;onfukd awGYjrif&ay\/ xkYd aMumifh
ay:vmaom xd½k yk u f ,kd f yHo
k P²mefEiS w
hf uG xifjrifaom raem0dnmPfpw d \f ay:rIaysmufru I kd ]]awGYjrifjcif;onfyif
þod0xduydik ;f ü ork',"r®mEkyóem 0,"r®mEkyóem rnfonf}}[k rSw, f o l ifah yawmh\/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
a½S;edoswkYd ü cg;½kd;-[k qko
d nfrmS þ wifyg;½kd;udkyif &nf½G,f\/ cg;qpf½;dk onfum; yd||d u
d (ac:)
ausm½kd;ü yg0if\/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
wda&m0ó-wESpaf usmu f mvodYk + £u-a&mufonf = awa&m0ódu-wESpaf usmf umvodYk a&mufaom
t½k;d / þyk'jf zifh xko
d Ykd aom t½k;d a[mif;rsm;\ jzpf½;dk jzpfpOf tajctaeudk xif½mS ;ap\/
rSwfcsuft"dyÜg,f
Ä
þ ykOu Æ w
d yk'o
f nf 'kw, d yg&mZdu 0dew
D 0w¬Kü vmaom jrufyakH [m ykOu Æ w
d yk'çf plV0*¾ 0wåuE© u ¨
tm*EÅKu 0wfyikd ;f ü vmaom aoemoe tpkyakH [m ykOu Æ wd yk'rf sm;ESihf o'´gaetm;jzif¤h if;? o'´wt ¬ m;jzif¤h if;
twlwlyifwnf;/ yg&mZduPfedosü udw"mwfjzifh y'k Nf yD;yHu k kd jyxm;\/ odYk &mwGif *rdu0wfyikd ;f ü ]]pwlok ygom
aPok rOöH ynmaywGm raOö rOöH tma&maywGm yDaX yDXH tma&maywGm aoemoeH Oy&d ykOHÆ u&dwmG 'g½kb@H
rwåu d mb@H y#domarwGm 'Gg&0gwygeH xauwGm yuúrw d AÁ}H }[k c&D;oGm;rnfh &[ef;u aoemoe toH;k taqmif
rsm;udk tpktyHûk yí odr;f xm;cJah Mumif; jyqdx
k m;onf/ þodYk jyqdx k m;aom ygVdxw J iG f ykOHÆ u&dwmG [k u&"mwfjzifh
qdxk m;onfukd owdûytyf\/ þodYk *rdu&[ef;u ykOHÆ u&dwmG tpktyHûk yxm;cJah om aoemoeudyk if tm*EÅK
u0wfyikd ;f ü .... ]]oap 0d[ma&m Ou’mayg a[mwd? raOö 0g raOöm tma&mydawm a[mwd? yDaX 0g yDXH tma&mydwH
a[mwd? aoemoeH Oy&d ykOu Æ wd H a[mwd/ oap Oó[wd? aoma"waAÁm}}[k jyqdx k m;ayonf/
xkYd aMumifh ykOu Æ w d ü udwyk'o f nf u& + w = uwrS jzpfvmaMumif; xif½mS ;vSayawmh\/ 0pew¬ukd
tb,foYkd ûyoifo h enf;[lrl .... ykaOÆm uawm a,oEÅd ykOu Æ wmed? ykOu Æ wmeda,0 ykOu Æ w d med-[k ûyoifah y\?
wenf;um; ..... tblwwaAÇmü pDypön;f jzifNh yD;aom ykOu dÆ wyk'&f if;rS ykOu Æ wd jzpfvmonf[í l vnf; ,loifah o;
\/ xkwfjycJhaom om"uygVd 2-&yfwYdk wiG f ykOu Æ w d H wdPH psmaywd [laom yg&mZduPfygVdonfum; ,d;k ",m;rl
pmtkyüf rkOu ö wdPH psmaywd-[k ½Sd\/ /wenf;um; ..... 'kw, d uxde odum© yk'üf uPSuw d med (uPÖuw d med)
pD0&med - zm;O rnf;euf rIad wmifwufaom ouFe;f wkYd -[k vm\/ r[m0*¾ pD0&u©Eu ¨ ü yHou k w d med pD0&med -
zHrk eI Yf vl;ayaom ouFe;f wkYd [k vm\/ þyk'w f Ydk ukd uPSumed oOÆmwmed a,oH? yHou k m oOÆmwm a,oH-[k
0pew¬ ûyí wm&um'd*P dk ;f £w - ypön;f jzifh NyD;aptyfuek \ f / xdYk twlyif þykOu Æ wd med yk'u f v kd nf; wm&um'd
*kP d ;f £w-ypön;f jzifyh if NyD;aptyf\/ NyD;ap[efum; ..... ykaOÆm 0d, ykOu Æ ?H taygif;tpkEiS w hf pl mG yGww jzpfae
aom t&mudk ,lav/ ykOu Æ H oOÆmwH a,oEÅd ykOu Æ wd med t|dumed/ owårod0xduydik ;f ü vmaom vwfvwf
qwfqwf t½k;d rsm;uJo h Ydk uspfuspfvpfvpf r[kwaf wmhbJ pkaygif;xm;aom t½k;d rIeYf yrmP cyfyyG jG zpfaeaom
t½k;d rsm; aMurGvek ;D yg; jzpfaeaom t½k;d rsm;udk ,lav/ þteufonf txl;yif tw¬,kwåd ½Sday\/ taMumif;um;
..... þ od0xduyAÁü zl;zl;a&mifaom olaoaumifrpS í wydik ;f xufwydik ;f omvGeí f ysufp;D ,d, k iG ;f aeaom olao
aumifç t½k;d aumifrsm;udk jyvmcJ\ h / owårydik ;f ü azG;azG; jzLaeaom vwfvwf qwfqwf t½k;d rsm;udk jycJ\ h /
e0rydik ;f ü aMurGvsuf trIeYf trIeYf jzpfaeaom t½k;d rsm;udk yj vwHh/ xdk 2-ydik ;f wkYd \ tv,fü jyxm;aom þt|r
ydik ;f vm t½k;d rsm;onf owårydik ;f u t½k;d rsm;avmufvnf; rvwfqwfawmhbJ e0rydik ;f u t½k;d rsm;avmufvnf;
raqG;jrnfah o;bJ pkPu Ö - trIeYf trIeYf aMurGvk eD;yg; ysufp;D aeaom t½k;d rsm;omvQif jzpfoifah y\/ xkYd jyif
awa&m0ódumed [laom a[wkrEÅ0ad ooe yk'jf zifv h nf; wESpaf usmfí csKdY,iG ;f ysufp;D aeyHu k kd xif½mS ;jyvsuf
½Sday\/ xkYd aMumifh ykOu Æ w d med - taygif;tpkwrQ yGww jzpfíaeukeaf om - þteufuv kd nf; rSw, f o l ifah y\/
odYk aomf t|uxmü rzGio hf nfukd axmufvQifum; þrQavmuf teuf cufcjJ cif; r½Sw d ef&m/ odYk jzpfí tjcm;ygVdü
vnf; xif½mS ;½So d jzifh ay:vGiaf om teufuo kd m edosü rlwiftyfygonf/ rlwifxm;aom xdt k euf t&tm;jzifh
okomefü wESpaf usmfaom t½k;d rsm; ½Iyyf v G suf r½Sad p&ef wae&m&mü pkyx kH m;onfukd ñTejf yonf[k rSwt f yf\/ /
q&mawmf OD;Ak"\ f edosüum; .... ykOu Æ wd med ..... tpkz½dzk &JuaJG vukeNf yD;aom-[k jyefqx kd m;ay\/ upön;f usrf;ü
vmaom udwu yk'u f o hJ Ydk ud&"mwf + wypön;f jzifh udP-Ö 0dudPÖ\tpm; udw[k NyD;apvsuf ykaOÆm udawm
0duad PÖm a,oEÅd ykOu Æ w d meD-[k 0pew¬ûy&m\/ þteufonfvnf; wcJeuf uspfuspfvpfvpf pkaygif;aeaom
t½kd;rIefY taygif;\ uGyJ sufvsuf yGwwjzpfjcif;udk &nf½, G v f Qif þedosopf rSwcf sufü jyxm;aom teufEiS hf
tvm;wlyif jzpfayonf/ [drk mS wyHçk onfrmS wyHt k m;jzifh t½k;d pk t½k;d yHak wG wuGw J jym;pD jzpfaeonfuv kd nf; ,lEikd f
ao;\/ þodYk ,lvQifum; awa&m0ódumed [laom 0daooeyk'jf zifh bmud&k nf½, G o f enf;[k pl;prf; ½SmazG
&ayvdrOhf ;D rnf/ okwf ygVdawmfBuD;\ edoswYdküum; .... ykOu æ w d med? yd;k wkYd onf xd;k avukeNf yD;aom [k jyefqx kd m;
av\/ bkOu Æ #D medy'k uf kd awGUí þodYk jyefqo kd nf jzpf&m\/ ¤if;teufü wESpaf usmfaom t½k;d rsm;rSm yd;k pm;rI ½Sd-
r½Sdudkvnf; pl;prf;&m\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
ww¬? xdu k m,mEkyóem 14-ydik ;f wkYd wiG /f tmemygeyAÁ?H tmemygeydik ;f ¤if;/ y#duv l reodum&yAÁ?H y#d
ulvreodum&ydik ;f ¤if;/ £wd? þodYk / £rmed {0 a'G? þ 2-ydik ;f wkYd onfomvQif/ tyÜemur®|memed? tyÜempsmef\
ur®|mef;wkYd aywnf;/ 0g? tyÜempsmefukd &apwwfaom ur®|mef;wkYd aywnf;/ ye? xkrd w S yg;/ od0xdumeH tm'De0g
Ekyóem0aoe 0kww å må ? od0xdu 9-ydik ;f wkYd ukd tm'De0gEkyóem tvdt k m;jzifh a[mtyfaomaMumif/h
(þtaMumif;jy pum;jzifh odapvdo k nfrmS .... od0xdu 9-ydik ;f wkYd ü olaoaumif t½k;d pkaumif Oyrm yg0ifjim;
aomfvnf; ¤if;rSm OyrmrQomwnf;? wu,f½t I yfaom ur®|mef;um; r[kwaf o;ay? Oyar,s jzpfaom rdr\ d ud,k f
onfomvQif wu,f½t I yfaom ur®|mef;jzpfayonf/ odYk aomfvnf; o0dnmPujzpfaom rdr\ d ud,
k üf t0dnmP
u olaoaumifrmS uJo h Ydk tyÜempsmefuu kd m; r&Edik af y/ Oypm&orm"drQudok m &Edik af yonf/ xkYd aMumifh od0xdu 9-
ydik ;f wkYd ukd tyÜem ur®|mef; tjzpfjzifh a[monfr[kw?f tm'De0gEkyóemtjzpfjzifo h m a[monf[k r[moD0
rax&fu rdeYf qx kd m;ayonf/ xkYd aMumifh tyÜempsmefEiS hf rqdik [
f k odap\)/ /aoomed? tmemygeydik ;f ç y#duv l
reodum&ydik ;f wkYd rS <uif;ukeaf om/ 'Gg'omyd? um,mEkyóem 12-ydik ;f wkYd onfvnf;/ Oypm&ur®|memed {0?
Oypm&psmef\ ur®|mef; Oypm&psmefukd &apwwfaom ur®|mef;wkYd omvQiw f nf;/ « þü {0o'´gjzifh tyÜempsmefukd
&apwwfaom ur®|mef;um; r[kw[ f k odap\/ »
þt|uxmpum;jzifh ..... £&d,myxydik ;f ç orÜZnydik ;f "mwkreodum&ydik ;f ç od0xdu 9-ydik ;f [laom þ

12-ydik ;f a'oemawmfEiS t hf nD tm;xkwaf eaom a,m*DrmS Oypm&psmef ac: Oypm&orm"djzpfay:vsuf pdw0å o d 'k d¨
pcef;vnf; NyD;pD;jynfph o
kH mG ;onf[k NrJNrHpmG qH;k jzwf&m\/ þt&mü 0dyóemcPduorm"duykd if Oypm&orm"d-[k
ac:qdx k m;ayonf/ tb,fah Mumifeh nf;[lrl .... eD0&PwkYd ukd Nidr;f apaom tpGr;f owåt d m;jzifh avmuDpsmef\
a½SYomG ;jzpfaom Oypm&orm"dEiS hf tvm;wlaomaMumif¤h if;? r*fzv kd f tyÜemwkYd \ Oypm&t&mü wnfaomaMumifh
¤if; jzpfayonf? xkYdjyif cPduorm"dukd rjyawmhbJ Oypm&ç tyÜem 2-rsK;d udo k m jyqdx k m;aom t|uxm pum;
[lorQwkYd üvnf; þt&müuJo h Ydk yif ¤if;cPduorm"dukd Oypm&orm"dü xnfo h iG ;f xm;onf[k rSwtf yf\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
csr;f omvQif - aumif;vQif ]]csrf;omonf aumif;onf}} [k od&efñeT jf yaom þ bk&m;pum;awmfüvnf;
rodem;rvnfow l Ydku txiftjrifao;bG,f ½Sday\/ xkYd aMumifh t|uxmü xdk rodem;rvnfow l Ydk\ txif
tjrifukd azmfjyNyD;vQif ajz½Si;f vsuf bk&m;pum;awmfukd axmufcx H m;avNyD/ t"dygÜ ,ftm;jzifh þodYk yifwnf;?
yufvuftyd w f wf½rHk Q uav; oli,frsm;awmifrS EdYk pYkd aecdu
k f ponfrmS ]]csrf;omw,f - aumif;w,f}} ponfjzifh
odMurnfyif r[kwyf gavm? odvQif þa,m*D\tod[m xdu k av;rsm;\ todEiS hf twlwyl if jzpf&monf r[kwf
ygavm[lr¿ l odMuonfum; rSeaf y\/ odkYaomf todcsif;um; rwlay? ajymif;jyef xl;jcm;vsuf uGjJ ym;aeay\/
xl;jcm;yHu k m; uav;oli,fjzpfap? ½Irw S rf I r½Sad om wwfov d rd m® ol vlBuD;yifjzpfap þyk*Kd¾ vftm;vH;k rSm odyckH sif;
twlwyl if/ olwYdk onf csrf;omrIukd jzpfay:vmwdik ;f vnf; odMuonfr[kw?f wjcm;wyg;udk BuHpnfvsuf tcsdef
ukeaf eMuonfomvQif rsm;uke\ f / w&HwcgrQ odMuaomfvnf; oabmw&m;wckrQ taetm;jzifh rodMu? ]]ig
csr;f omw,f? ig aumif;w,f}}[k igaumif taetm;jzifo h m odMu\/ tcdu k t
f wefYrQ jzpfysufomG ;onfh oabm
w&m;taetm;jzifv h nf; rodMu? ]],cifu ½Sad eaom iguyif ,ck csrf;omaeonf}}[k NrJonfh taetm;jzifo h m
xifjrifMu odMu\/ þvdk todrsKd;onfum; owå0gaumif igaumif[k xifrw S f pGv
J rf;jcif;udk ry,fEikd o
f nfjh yif
wd;k íawmifrS cdik Nf rJapao;\/ xkYd aMumifh þtodrsKd;onf ur®|mef;vnf;rrnf? owdy|mefbm0emvnf; rjzpfonf
omwnf;/ odYk jzpfí ]]csrf;omvQif csrf;omonf}}[k od&ef ñTejf yaom bk&m;pum;awmfonf uav;oli,fEiS w hf uG
½Irw I if;aom omrefy*k Kd¾ vfwYdk \ todrsKd;udk r&nf½,
S rf u G [
f k xif½mS ;odtyfay\/
rjywf½rI w S af eaom a,m*Donfum; csr;f omrIukd jzpfwikd ;f jzpfwidk ;f vnf; od\/ obm0 vu©Pmç &o
ponfwYdkjzifvh nf; oabmw&m; wckrQ[k od\/ a½SYaemuf rpyfbJ topftopf jzpfay:NyD; aysmufaysmuf
oGm;onfuv kd nf; rsufarSmufawGYvsuf od\/ xkt d cgü wqufwnf;-wckwnf;[k xifjriftyfaom oEÅwyd nwf
u ruG,rf zH;k Edik af omaMumifh ]]rNrJç qif;&Jç igaumifr[kwf}}[lívnf; ½Sif;vif;pGm od\/ xkYd aMumifh auma0',wd
-b,fol cHpm;ovnf;-cHpm;ol ½So d vm;[laom tar;ü ]]cHpm;olum; r½S?d topftopf jzpfysufaeaom cHpm;rI
oabm tqift h qifrh Qom ½So d nf}}[k ajyvnfpmG tod ½Si;f ay\/ xkYd jyif uó a0'em - b,fo\ l cHpm;rIvnf;
- cHpm;rI\ ydik ½f iS ½f o
dS vm; [laom tar;üvnf; ]]taMumif;tm;avsmfpmG topftopf tqifq h ifjh zpfaeaom cHpm;
rIrQom ½So d nf? xkcd pH m;rI\ ydkif½Sifum; r½Sd}} [lí ajyvnfpGm tod ½Si;f ay\/ xkYd jyif uð um&Pm a0'em- b,f
taMumif;aMumifh cHpm;rI jzpfovnf; [laom tar;üvnf; ..... ]]aumif;aom tm½kEH iS hf awGY&aomaMumifh csrf;omrI
jzpfay:onf}}[k ajyvnfpmG tod½iS ;f ay\/ þodYk ½Si;f vif;pGm odaom a,m*D\ orÜZOfÓPfu&kd nfí ]]csrf;om
vQif csrf;omonf}}[k od&ef a[mMum; ñTejf yawmfral yonf/ þt&mü ]]csrf;omw,f - aumif;w,f}} ponfjzifh
rSwo I a*gp&orÜZOfaywnf;/ þ a*gp&orÜZOf &ifhaomtcgü ar;cGef; 3-csufukd ajyvnfatmif ½Si;f vif;pGm
f rd u
odaom toar®m[ orÜZOfonf "r®e, d mrtwdik ;f tvdv
k ydk if jzpfay:vm\/ xkYd aMumifh t|uxmü .... 0w¬HK
tm&r®PH uwGm a0'em0 a0',wDwd ov’au©aEÅm {o .... ]]okcH a0'eH a0',mrDwd yZmemwD}}wd a0'dwaAÁm[k
oEé|d mefus qH;k jzwfxm;avNyD/
0w¬K?H csrf;omrIjzpfaMumif; tm½kaH umif;ud/k tm&r®PH uwGm? tm½kûH yí/ a0'em {0? cHpm;rIonf omvQif/
a0',wDw?d cHpm;onf[/k ov’au©aEÅm? rSwaf om/ {o? þa,m*Donf/ okcH a0'eH a0',mrDw?d csrf;omaom
cHpm;rIukd cHpm;onf-aumif;onf[/k yZmemwd? odonfrnfay\/ £wd a0'dwaAÁm? þodYk odtyf\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
tvd½k tdS yfç cspfciftyfç ESpo f uftyfaom vifr,m; om;o®;D ç t0wftpm;ç a½T aiGç tdr, f mç uRJç EGm;ç
qifç jrif;paom tjyify 0w¬Krsm;ud¤k if;? ud, k w
f iG ;f oEÅmefu rsufp½d yk f tqif;½kyf jrifrI csrf;omrI wwfod vdrm® rI
paom twGi;f 0w¬Krsm;ud¤k if; taMumif;ûyí 0rf;omjcif;onf omrdookc rnf\/ umr*kPf tpmESiphf yfqikd af om
csrf;om[k qdv k \ kd / ¤if;udkyif a*[ódwaomreó [lívnf; ac:\/ umr*kPf aetdru f kd rSaD om ½Tivf ef;
0rf;omrI[k qdv k \ kd / þokconf vSyaom tqif;udk taMumif;&if;ûyí vifr,m;paom umr*kP0f w¬Kudk tm½kH
ûyvsuf 0rf;omaomtcgü ½lyg½ku H rkd íDS jzpf\? om,mcsKNd rdeaf om pum;oH ponfukd taMumif;&if;ûyí vifr,m;
paom um*kP0f w¬Kudk tm½kûH yvsuf 0rf;omaomtcgü o'´g½kpH onfukd rSí D jzpf\? xko d Ydk aom umr*kP0f w¬K
rsm;ESihf ,ckavmavmq,f jynfph akH eonfukd ESv;kH oGi;f rdív f nf; 0rf;omwwf\? a½S;u jynfph ckH b hJ ;l onfukd qifjcif
atmufarhrí d vnf; 0rf;omwwf\? þodYk aom 0rf;omrIukd jzpfay:cdu k üf ]]0rf;omw,f - 0rf;omw,f}}[k
rSwv f suo f &d rnf[k qdv k akd y\/
rSwfcsuf
Ä
'G g & 6-yg;ü xifwdkif;aom tm½kH 6-yg;wkYd ukd rjywfrw S af eaom a,m*Donf orm"dÓPf &ifah omtcgü
xdk tm½kH 6-yg;wkdY\ jzpfryI sufru I kd rsufarSmufawGYjrifí tedpçö 'kuç© tewåvu©PmwkYd ukd odjrif\/ xdktcgü
rsufarSmufodjrif&aom ypöKyÜeftm½kHESifh EIdif;qí a½S;uawGYbl;aom twdwftm½kH 6-yg;wkYd u¤kd if;? awGYêuHqJ tm½kH
wkYd u¤kd if; ]]rNrJ? qif;&J? ajymif;vJ azmufjyefaom w&m;csn;f om}} [k odjrif qH;k jzwf\/ þodYk odjrifaom oltm;
rSwo f w d ikd ;f rSwo f w
d idk ;f 0rf;omrI jzpfay:wwf\/ þ0rf;omrIonf umr*kPt f pmESihf rpyfrqdik af omaMumifh ed&m
rdookc rnf\/ ¤if;udkyif aeu©ró ® wd aomreó [lívnf; ac:\/ 0dyóemudrk aDS om 0rf;omrI[k qdv k \
kd /
þodYk aom 0rf;omrIonf O',AÁ,ÓPf jzpfcgpü wm;qD;í r&Edik af tmif tvGet f uJjzpfay:wwf\/ ¤if;udk
jzpfwikd ;f jzpfwikd ;f ]]0rf;omw,f - 0rf;omw,f}}[k rSwv f suo f &d rnf[k qdv
k akd y\/ xkYd jyif bk&m;*kPpf onfukd
ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcifaom tcgü yDwad omreórsm; jzpfwwf\/ þ aomreórsm;vJ ed&mrdookc yifwnf;/
¤if;wkYd uv kd nf; rSwv f suf od&rnfomwnf;/ þodYk rSwo f jd cif;jzifh t&[wåzvkd w f ikd af tmif qdu k af &muf oGm;wwf
ay\/ xkdYaMumifh orÜZntzGifh t|uxmwkdYü .....
Ak'g¨ &r®PH oHCm&r®PH yDwð OyÜga'wGm wa'0 c,awm 0,awm or®oaEÅm t&[wåH ygykPmwd-[k
rdeYf qx
kd m;ayonf/
Ak'g¨ &r®PH yDw?ð bk&m;*kPv

f Qif tm½k½H adS om yDwud /kd oHCm&r®PH yDw?ð oHCmh*P k v
f Qif tm½kH½Sdaom yDwdudk/
OyÜga'wGm? jzpfapí/ wa'0? xdyk w D u
d ykd ifvQif/ c,awm 0,awm? ukeq f ;kH oGm;onf aysmufysufomG ;onf[/k
or®oaEÅm? ÓPfjzifh oH;k oyf - ½Ijrifaom olonf/ 0g? oH;k oyf½jI rifvsuf/ t&[wåH ygykPmwd? t&[wåzv dk o
f Ykd
a&mufwwf\/ (yDwo d nf aomreóESihf waygif;wnf; wGv J suo
f m jzpf\/ "r®m&r®PyDwd - oDvm&r®PyDwd -
pm*g&r®PyDwd ponfukd ½Ivsufvnf; enf;wlyif jzpfEikd o f nf[k rSwt f yf\)/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-vdvk m;tyfaom umr*kPf tm½kH 0w¬Krsm;ESihf a½S;uvnf; rjynfph çkH ,ckvnf; rjynfph akH omaMumif¤h if;?
ab;&ef tEÅ&m,f qif;&J'u k w© Ydk EiS hf a½S;uvnf; awGUcJ&h ç ,ckvnf; awGYae&aomaMumif¤h if;? ESv;kH romjcif;-
0rf;enf;jcif;onf omrdo'ku© rnf\? a*[ódw a'greó vnf; rnf\/ þodYk aom 0rf;enf;rI ESv;kH romrI
pdwnf pfrI vGr;f qGwf ylaqG;rI[ol rQudk jzpfwikd ;f jzpfwidk ;f ]]0rf;enf;w,f - 0rf;enf;w,f}} ponfjzifh rSwv
f suf
od&rnf[k qkv d akd y\/ þrSpí rSwcf suf t"dygÜ ,frsm;udk us,f0ef;pGm ra&;awmhNyD/ tus,ft"dygÜ ,fukd odvv kd Qif
0dyóem ½Ienf;usrf; tcPf; (4)rSm Munf½h yI gav/
rSwfcsuf
2-w&m;tm;xkwq f J a,m*Dtm; orm"dÓPf rwd;k wufaomtcgü 0rf;enf;rI jzpfwwf\? ¤if;onf

ed&mrdo'ku© rnf\? aeu©ró ® wd a'greóvnf; rnf\/ w&m;em&efç w&m;usih&f efç ½Si&f [ef;ûy&ef tcGirhf &Edik f
ojzifh jzpfaom 0rf;enf;jcif;rsm;onfvnf; aeu©ró
® w
d a'greó yifwnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
awGUêuHaeus umr*kPf 0w¬Krsm;ESiphf yfí vspfvsL½Iro I nf omrdot'kur© okc rnf\? a*[ódw
Oayu©m vnf; rnf\? tnmPkayu©mvnf; rnf\/ OyuúdavorS vGwfNyD;aom O',AÁ,ÓPfrSpí tm½kH 6-
yg;udk rSwwf idk ;f rSww
f ikd ;f odrI 0dyóemÓPfEiS hf wGv
J suf tv,ftvwf vspfvsL cHpm;rIonf jzpfay:wwf\/
¤if;onf ed&mrdo t'kur© okc rnf\? aeu©ró ® w d Oayu©mvnf; rnf\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
wyfrufom,maom pdwjf zpfvQif ¤if;pdwu f kd ]]wyfrufw,f om,mw,f oabmusw,f}} ponfjzifh
½IrSwftyf\/ þodYk pl;pdu
k í
f ½Irw
S af evQif wyfrufom,maom pdwt f pOfonf jywfpo
J mG ;vwH/h xdt k cgü wyfruf
jcif;r½Sd yuwdpifMu,faom pdwrf sm;om jzpfaevwH/h þpdwrf sm;udvk nf; ]]odw,f odw,f}} ponfjzifh ½Irw S t
f yf
\/ þodkY ½IrSwf&rnfudkyif&nfí o&m*H 0g pdwHå ponfukd a[mawmfral yonf/ xkYd aMumifh t|uxmü .... ,o®ð
,o®ð caP ,H ,H pdwHå y0wåw?d wH wH ov’au©aEÅm pdawå pdwmå EkyóD 0d[&wd ..... [k rdeYf qxkd m;avNyD/
,o®ð ,o®ð caP? tMuif tMuifcPü/ ,H,H pdw?Hå tMuiftMuif o&m*paom pdwo f nf/ y0wåw?d
jzpf\/ wHw?H xdxk ckd Püjzpfaom xdx k kd o&m*paom pdwu
f /kd ov’au©aEÅm? rSwaf eaom yk*Kd¾ vfonf/ pdawå
pdwmå EkyóD 0d[&wd? pdwüf pdw[
f k ½Iaeonf rnf\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
oa'gopdwf ponfukd ½IyrkH mS nf; enf;wlyif? 0dyóem ½Ienf;usrf;üvnf; Munfyh gavOD;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
r[*¾Kwfpw
d rf aS xmufí umrpdwu f kd oOwå&pdw[f ak c:onf/ ¤if;pdwrf aS xmufí r[*¾Kwfpw d u f kd tEkw&å
pdw[
f k ac:onf/ t½lypdwrf S axmufí umrpdwf ½Iypdww f Ydk ukd oOwå&pdw[
f k ac:onf/ ¤if;pdww
f Ykd rS axmufí
t½lypdwfudk tEkw&å pdw[ f k ac:onf/ tEkw&å [laom trnfonfum; trSerf ck stm;jzifh avmukw&å mpdw\ f
trnfaywnf;/ odYk aomfvnf; xdak vmukw&å mpdwo f nf 0dyóem ½Ityfaom w&m;r[kwaf y? xkYd aMumifh þowd
y|mef0yd óemt&mü avmukw&å mpdwu f kd tEkw&å [k rqdv
k akd y/
rSwfcsuf
Ä
cPduorm"djzifh wnfMunfaom 0dyóempdwu f kd þt&mü¤if;? Oypm&-tyÜem 2-rsK;d rQjyaom tjcm;
t|uxm #DumwkYd ü¤if; Oypm&orm"djzifh wnfMunfaompdwüf xnfoh iG ;f í rdeYf qMkd uav\/ aoomed 'Gg'omyd
Oypm&ur®|memae0-[k xkwjf ycJah om ,cif t|uxmpum;udk rSí
D odygav/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
psmefpw f k qd&k mü Oypm&psmefpw
d [ d u
f dkvnf; xnfhí,lyg/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
vdck sifEpS o
f ufrI wPSmavmb[lorQudk umrpäE[ ´ k qdvk \
kd / ¤if;udk jzpfay:vmwdik ;f rSwo
f jd cif;onf
tw¬d ar tZÑwåH umrpäaE´mwd yZmemwd-ESihf tnDaywnf;? þodYk 3-Budrf 2-Budrpf onf rSwjf cif;aMumifh
xdu
k mrpäE´ rjzpfawmhbJ jywfpo J mG ;onfuv
kd nf; awGY&\/ xktd cgü umrpäE´ r½Sad wmhNyD[k od&jcif;onf ew¬d ar
tZÑwåH umrpäaE´mudk yZmemwd-ESihf tnDaywnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
orx 0dyóemrS vGwfcdkufü 'Gg& 6-yg;rSm xifay:vmaom ½kyfemrf tm½kHrsm;udk edpçö okcç twåç okbç
taetm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f rdwwf\/ þESv;kH oGi;f rIonf ta,medaom reodum& aywnf;/ tukov kd f [lorQ\
aygufzmG ;&m rlvtaMumif;&if;aywnf;/ þumrpäE´ t&müum; okb[k ESv;kH oGi;f rdjcif;onf vd&k if;y"me
aywnf;/ rlvu rjzpfao;aom umrpäEo ´ nf roifph mG ESv;kH oGi;f rd BuHpnfrad om þta,medaom reodum&
aMumifyh if jzpfay:vmavonf/ a,m*Donf þta,medaom reodum&udv k nf; rsufarSmufxif½mS ; awGUvsuf
oday\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-a,medaom reodum& [lonfrmS tedpçö 'kuç© tewåç tokb taetm;jzifh ½Ijrifaom 0dyóemESihf
tokb[k ESv;kH oGi;f aom orxwkYd aywnf;/ rlvu roifph mG ESv;kH oGi;f rdonft h wGuf umrpäE´ jzpfaeqJwiG f
0dyóem ½Irjd cif;aMumifjh zpfap? tokb[k ESv;kH oGi;f rdjcif;aMumifh jzpfap xdu
k mrpäE´ rjzpfawmhbJ &yfpo J mG ;\?
w'*Fç 0dur© eÇ tmjzifh Nidr;f oGm;\/ xkYd aMumifh a,m*Donf ]]0dyóem½Irí d odYk r[kwf tokb[k ESv;kH oGi;f rdí
umrpäE´ Nidr;f oGm;ayonf}}[k 0dyóemESihf tokbreodum& [laom xdk a,medaom reodum& taMumif;udk
oday\/
rSwfcsuf
2-orxç 0dyóemwkYd jzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom umrpäE´ ac: wPSmavmb tvH;k pHo k nf t&[wÅr*fjzifh vH;k 0
csKyfNidr;f oGm;avonf/ &[EÅmjzpfNyD;aom yk*Kd¾ vfonf umrpäE´ vH;k 0csKyfNidrf;aMumif;jzpfaom þt&[wår*fuv kd nf;
rsuaf rSmufoo d nf[k qdv
k akd y\/ &[EÅm rjzpfao;aom a,m*Donfum; okwpdEmÅ wkYd jzifo h mvQif odEikd af yonf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
f ;kd rI pdwyf sufrI n§i;f qJ owfjzwfvrkd I zsufq;D vdrk I - a'go [lorQonf Asmyg' rnf\/
1-pdwq
rSwfcsuf
2-Asmyg'ac:aom pdwq f ;kd rI pdwyf sufro

I nf wpHw
k ckukd edpö okc twå okb[k - xifrw S v
f suf ]]pdwq
f ;kd
p&maumif;onf}}[k ESv;kH oGi;f rdjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmavonf/ odYk jzpfí ]]pdwq f ;dk p&m aumif;onf}}[k þESv;kH
oGi;f rIonf ta,medaom reodum&yifwnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
Asmyg'onf tem*grdr*fjzifh vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f \? xdrk *fukd tem*grf yk*Kd¾ vf rsuaf rSmuf odonf[k qdv
k \
kd /
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
xderd'\
¨ vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f aMumif;w&m;rSm t&[wår*faywnf;? ¤if;udk &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vf rsuaf rSmufoo
d nf[k
qdv
k \
kd /
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-O'¨po
ö nf t&[wår*fjzifh vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f \ ukuKú pöonf tem*grdr*fjzifh vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f \? &[EÅmESihf
tem*grfonf ¤if;t&d,m r*frsm;udk rsuaf rSmuf odonf[k qdvk \ kd /
rSwfcsuf
2-þtyd'k jf zifh 0dpud pd mä ruif;ao;aomolrmS jzpfay:vmaom 0dpu d pd mä udk ½Irw

S v f sufo&d ef ñTejf yay\?
0dpu d pd mä ruif;aomol [lonfrmS ykxZk Ofy*k Kd¾ vfomvQif jzpfayonf/ xkYd aMumifh ykxZk Ofjzpfap? aomwmyef
ou'g*grftem*grfjzpfap? þowdy|mefbm0emudk yGg;aptyfaMumif; tvGeyf if xif½mS ;vSay\/ þpum;jzifh
]]owdy|meftusifu h kd ykxZk Ofrsm; rusifah umif; t&d,mrsm;om usifah umif;onf}}[k qkad om tcsKdY yk*Kd¾ vfwYdk \ rdpmä
0g'udk okwo f ifvu kd yf gownf;/ xdt k csKdYy*k Kd¾ vfwYdk \ ,lqcsufrmS .... aomuy&da'0geH orwdurú m,ç 'ku©
a'greómeH tw¬*rF m, [laom ygXfu¤kd if;? 'da| 0g "ar® tnmç owd 0g Oyg'daoao tem*grdwm - [laom
ygXfu¤kd if; axmufí aomu y&da'0 'ku© a'reówkYd ukd aomwmywård *fjzifh ry,fEikd ?f tem*grdr*fç t&[wår*f
wkYd jzifo h m y,fEikd o
f nf? xkYd aMumifh owdy|mef tusio hf nf aomuponfukd vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f apEdik af om tem*grdr*fç
t&[wår*fwYdk \ twGuo f m jzpfonf[í l ¤if;? þowdy|mefukd yGg;apaomolonf tem*grfEiS hf &[EÅmomvQif
jzpfEikd o f nf? aomwmyef ou'g*grfum; rjzpfEikd [ f í l ¤if; ,lqajymqdak eMu\? tw¬d ar tZÑwåH 0dpu d pd mä wd
yZmemwd [laom þtyd'k u f kd owdrrlrí d t&rf;,lq ajymqdjk cif;rQomwnf;? jrwfpmG bk&m;\ &nf½G,fcsufrSm ....
þowdy|mefbm0em\ pGr;f &nf½o dS rQudk tjynftpHk azmfjyvdak yonf? owdy|mefbm0em\ pGr;f &nfrmS
tyg,fqif;&JrS vGw½f rHk Qyif ruay? avmuü tqk;d [lorQ tvH;k pHw k Ykd rv
S nf; aemufq;kH ü vGwaf jrmufapEdik af y\/
xkYd aMumifh aomuy&da'0geH orwdurú m, 'kua© 'greóeH tw¬*rF m,[k a[mawmfral yonf/ xkYd jyif aomwmyef
ou'g*grfavmufom jzpfapEdik o f nf r[kwaf y? &[EÅm wdik af tmifyif jzpfapEdik af yonf/ xdYk aMumifh 'da| 0g "ar®
tnmç owd 0g Oyg'daoao tem*grdwm-[k tjrifq h ;kH tqifx h ad tmif ñTejf yvsuf a[mawmfral yonf/ þodYk
a[mjcif;jzifh a½S;tzdYk u rkcsjzpfay:&rnfh 0dyóem tqifq h ifEh iS whf uG aomwmywård *fzv kd çf ou'g*grdr*fzv kd rf sm;
udv k nf; vufO;D yif a&mufEikd f &Edik o f nf [laom teuft"dygÜ ,fukd ajzmifrh wfaom todÓPf½o dS w
l ikd ;f odem;vnf
Edik af wmhonfomwnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
eD0&PwkYd \ jzpfaMumif;w&mum; ,cif jytyfNyD;aom ta,medaom reodum&yifwnf;? eD0&PwkYd \
ysuaf Mumif;ç csKyfaMumif; - rjzpfaMumif; w&m;um; ,cif jytyfNyD;aom a,medaom reodum&ESihf t&d,mr*fwYdk
yifwnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
(1) tm½kiH g;0? wyfpu JG ? umr oHa,mZOf/
(2) oH;k yg;b0? wyfpu JG ? b0 oHa,mZOf/
(3) trsufa'go? pdwpf ;dk u?? y#dC oHa,mZOf/
(4) ud, k o f mawmfv?S xifrw f ? rme oHa,mZOf/
S u
(5) ½kyef mrfub kd ?J igaumifp?JG ,lvJG 'd|yd if/
(6) w&m;rSew f ? qifjcifEidI ;f n§?d a0befMunf?h 0dpu
f iG ?f r,Hck sií d pd mä yif/
(7) opömrjrif? r*¾irf yg? avhusiu hf mjzif?h csr;f omNrJrnf? ,HMk unfq;kH jzwf?
,lqrSw?f oDvAÁwyif/
(8) ud, k x hf ufomud?k remvd?k ac:qdk £óyif/
(9) ud, k v f o kd rl sm;? aumif;pm;rnfr?S 0efwu kd ? rpä&,
d yif/
(10) opömav;wef? ajymif;jyefxifum? rodwm? t0dZÆm oHa,mZOf/
(11) 0#fqif;&Jr?S rvGw&f atmif? csnaf ESmifwwfpmG ? þq,fjzm?
tbd"r®moHa,mZOf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
'd|çd 0dpu
d pd mä ç oDvAÁwy&mrmoç £ómç rpä&, d [laom þoHa,mZOf ig;yg;onf aomwmywård *fjzifh
wzef rjzpfEikd af wmhbJ csKyfNidr;f \? xdak omwmywård *fukd aomwmyefonf rsuaf rSmufo\ d / ½keYf &if;aom umr&m*
ESihf oHa,mZOfwYdk onf ou'g*grdr*fjzifh vH;k 0 csKyfNidr;f uke\
f ? xdok u'g*grdr*fukd ou'g*grfonf rsufarSmuf
od\/ odraf rGUaom umr&m*ESihf y#dC oHa,mZOfwYdkonf tem*grdr*fjzifh vH;k 0csKyfNidr;f uke\ f ? xdt k em*grdr*fukd
tem*grfonf rsufarSmufo\ d / rmeç b0&m*ç t0dZmÆ [laom þoHa,mZOf oH;k yg;wkYd onf t&[wår*fjzifh vH;k 0
csKyfNidr;f \? xdt k &[wår*fukd &[EÅmonf rsuaf rSmufo\ d [k qdv
k o
kd nf/
(1) 'd-0d-oD-£? rpä&?d uif;\ aomwmyef/

(2) umr&m*? y#dC? uif;y tem*grf/
(3) b0 rmem? t0dZmÆ ? uif;uGm t&[H/
rSwfcsuf
Ä
þrem,weç "r®m,wewkYd ü 0dyóem\ t&mjzpfaomaMumifh avmuDcsn;f om ,lav/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
oH-aumif;pGmç ud, k w
f ikd /f aAm"d-odoçl odaMumif; w&m; taygif;? oH+aAm"d = oarÁm"d aumif;pGm odoçl
ud, k w
f ikd o
f o
d ?l ]]O',AÁ,ÓPfponfEiS hf jynfph akH om 0dyóena,m*Daywnf;}}/ wenf;um;-oarÁm"d- aumif;pGm
odaMumif;ç ud, k w f ikd o
f ad Mumif; jzpfaom aAm"dyu©, d w&m;taygif;/ t*F taMumif;ç tpdwt f ydik ;f / oarÁm"d+t*F
-oarÁmZÑ*F = aumif;pGm odo\ l taMumif;w&m;ç ud, k wf ikd o
f o
d \
l taMumif; = ]]O',AÁ,ÓPfrpS í 0dyóem
cPç r*fcPwkdYü opöm 4-yg;udk aumif;pGmodaMumif; w&m;ç ud, k w
f ikd o
f ad Mumif;w&m;}}[k qdv k \ kd / wenf;um;
.... oarÁmZÑ*F - aumif;pGm odaMumif;ç ud, k wf ikd f odaMumif;jzpfaom w&m;taygif;\ tpdwftydkif;/ ]]O',AÁ,
ÓPfrSpí 0dyóemcPç r*fcPwkdYü opöm 4-yg;udk aumif;pGm odaMumif;ç ud, k w
f ikd o
f ad Mumif; w&m;xJrmS tpdwf
tydik ;f wck}}[k qdv k \kd /
rSwfcsuf
Ä
trSw&f rIowduykd if odaMumif;jzpfí¤if;? odaMumif;w&m;xJrS wpdwjf zpfí¤if; owdoarÁmZÑif[kac:onf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-rSwrf uI dk jzpfaprnf rSwrf nf[k ESv;kH oGi;f jcif;onf¤if;? a½S;a½S;aom ½Irw

S rf rI sm;onf¤if; a,medaom
reodum&rnf\? xdEk pS yf g;aom reodum&aMumifh a,m*Dtm; trSw&f rI owdoarÁmZÑifonf jzpfay:ae\/
xkYd aMumifh a,m*Donf xdak ,medaom reodum& 2-rsKd; [laom taMumif;udk odayonf/
rSwfcsuf
2-þowdoarÁmZÑiu f kd rdro
d EÅmefü rjywfjzpfygG ;aprIonf t&[wår*fjzifh vH;k 0jynfph akH y\? t&[wår*foYkd
a&mufvQif vH;k 0 jynfph akH vawmhonf? aemufxyfygG ;ap&ef rvdak wmhNyD/ xkYd aMumifh &[EÅm jzpfNyD;aom yk*Kd¾ vfonf
(owdoarÁmZÑifukd yGg;aprI\ vH;k 0jynfph kH aMumif;jzpfaom) xdt k &[wår*fuv kd nf; rsuaf rSmufoo d nf[k qdv
k kd
ayonf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
"r®-½kyef mrfw&m;? 0dp,-pl;prf; ppfaq;vsufoo
d nf/ "r®m0dp, ½kyef mrfw&m;wkYd ukd pl;prf; ppfaq;vsuf
odaom ynm/ þum;½kyçf þum;emrfç þum; jzpfrçI þum; ysufrçI þum; rNrJaom oabmponfjzifh aoao
csmcsm odaom ynm[k qdv k \kd /
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
½Irw
S cf sufwikd ;f ü yg0ifaom r,kwrf vGef nDrQpGm tm;xkwrf -I aMumifMh updu
k rf -I vHYk vonf 0D&,
d oarÁmZÑif
rnf\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-Muufo;D arG;n§i;f - xjcif; ponfukd jzpfapvsuf ud,

k x
f J pdwx
f üJ xif½mS ;pGm jzpfay:vmaom ESpo
f rd hf
tm;&rIonf yDwo
d arÁmZÑif rnf\? ¤if;onf ck'u
d́ myDwd cPdumyDwd ponfjzifh ig;yg;tjym; ½S\d /
rSwfcsuf
2-½Irw
S íf aumif;aom tcgü txl;aMumifMh updu k &f rIrQ r½Sad wmhbJ ud,
k x
f J pdwx
f üJ ylyef yifyef;rI
f uf Nidr;f csr;f jcif; oabmonf yó'd̈ oarÁmZÑif rnf\/
Nidr;f at;vsuf Nidro
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
½Irw
S rf &d m ½Irw
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ouJo
h Ydk ¤if; wcPrQ wcPrQ pl;pl;pdu k pf u I nf orm"doarÁmZÑif rnf\/
kd f wnfwrhH o
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
½Irw
S cf sufwikd ;f ü o'¨gESiyhf nm 0D&,
d ESihf orm"d - þodYk paom tcsif;csif; vTr;f rd;k oGm;Edik o f nfh orÜ,w k f
w&m;wkYd ukd tiftm;nDrQapjcif; oabmonf Oayu©m oarÁmZÑif rnf\/ þOayu©monf ½Irw S rf aI umif;aom
tcgrsm;ü txl;aMumifMh urpdu k &f bJ olYt½Sed Ef iS o
hf l tvdv k ykd if rSwo
f v
d suf aebdouJo h Ykd xif½mS ;pGmjzpf\/ toGm;
nDaom EGm; 2-aumifukd rarmif;&ç rqG&J bJ arS;ívdu k af e&aom vSn;f orm;uJo h Ykd xdo
k Ykd aomtcgrsm;ü a,m*Dtm;
xif½mS ;ay\/ vrf;aumif;aumif;ay:ü pufaumif;aom armfawmfum;udk oufoufomomESiahf rmif;ESi&f ouJo h Ykd
vnf; a,m*Dtm; xif½mS ;\/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-,rÜpd Eä dÅ a,eyd "ar®e tvAÇae,s0w¬KH £päaEÅm e vbwd? wH tvAÇae,s0w¬KrSD £päeH 'kuH© - [laom
t|uxmESit hf nD jyefxm;aom teufjzpfonf/ wPSmonf ork',opömomvQif jzpfoifo h nf r[kwaf vm[k
oHo, jzpfz, G u f m; ½Sad y\? odYk aomfvnf; rlvyPÖmo or®m'd|o d w
k üf wPSOö yZmemwd? wPSmork',Oö
yZmemwd-[k wPSmudk 'kuo © pömtjzpfjzifh odyu
kH kd a[mxm;onfvnf; ½S\ d ? þokwüf yif ½lywPSm avmau
yd,½lyH omw½lyH - ponfjzifh ork',\ tm½k'H u k © tjzpfjzifh a[mxm;onfvnf; ½Sd\/ xkYd aMumifh a½S;b0u
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tvAÇae,s0w¬K £pämwPSmudk 'kuo © pöm [lí¤if; ,lvQif xdk oHo,udk y,fEikd &f m\/
rSwfcsuf
2-yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ yk'üf yd-o'´g r½So d ifah y/ taMumif;rlum; ..... Zmwdtpç £päm0dCmw tqHk;½Sdaom
qJw h yg;aom 'kum© wkYd onf tus,ftm;jzifh jytyfaom 'kuw © Ydk aywnf;/ xdt k us,fjytyfaom 'ku© (11) rsKd;wdYk wiG f
Zmwd 1-ck wnf;om 'kur© nfonfr[kw?f Z&m ponfwYdkvnf; 'ku© rnfMuao;\/ xkYd aMumifh tus,f'u k w © Ydk ukd
jy&mü ydo'´g vdak y\? xdt k us,f'uk © (11)rsKd;udyk if tusOf;csKH;vduk v
f Qif Oyg'geu©Em¨ 'ku© wrsK;d wnf;omjzpf\?
¤if;'kuw © rsKd;wnf;udo k m jy&müum; wyg;aom 'kuu © kd qnf;p&m aygif;p&m r½Sad wmhNyD? ]]oHcw d 'å uk © 2-yg;ç 3-yg;
½Sad wmhonf r[kwNf yD? wyg;wnf;om ½Sí d qnf;&ef aygif;&ef rvdak wmhNyD/ ydo'´gESiw hf uG ½So d nft h wdik ;f qdv k Qif
tusOf;tm;jzifh Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;vnf; 'kur© nf\? xkYd jyifvnf; tusOf;tm;jzifh 'kur© nfaom w&m;½Sad o;onf
-[k qd&k ma&muf\/ odYk aomfvnf; tusOf;tm;jzifh Oyg'geu©Em¨ ig;yg;rSty wjcm;wyg;aom 'kur© nfonfvnf;
r½Sad wmhNyD/ xkYd aMumifh ydo'´g r½So d ifah y? þt&mü ]]yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ rS wyg;aom Zmwd paom 'kuw © Ydk ukd
aygif;qnf;&ef ydo'´gvdo k nf r[kwyf gavm}} [ljim;tH/h Oyg'geu©Em¨ yd[k ½Sad om o'´gjzifh Zmwdpaom 'kuw © Ydk ukd
raygif;qnf;oifah y? tb,fah Mumifh enf;[lrl .... Zmwd paom 'kuw © Ykd onf oHcad wåe\t& tusOf;csKyfjyaom
'ku© r[kwaf omaMumihf aywnf;/ odYk jzpfí ]]oHcad wåe yOöKyg'geu©Em¨ 'ku}© }[k ydo'´g rygaom ygXfuo kd m ygXfreS [ f k
rSw&f m\/ qdv k &kd if;rSm .... Zmwdpaom 'ku© (11)rsKd;onf tus,f 'kur© sm;aywnf;/ xd'k u k w© Ydk ukd tusOf;csKH;
vdu k v
f Qif Oyg'geu©Em¨ 'ku© wrsKd;wnf;om jzpfonf[k qdv k akd yonf/ Oyg'geu©Em¨ [lonfrmS owå0gwdik ;f \
oEÅmefwiG f jrifcu kd f Mum;cdu k f ponfü xif½mS ; jzpfay:aom ½kyef mrf w&m;rsm;aywnf;/ 0dyóemÓPfç r*fÓPf
wkYd jzifh tedpö 'ku© tewå[k rodvQif rod&aom xd½k yk ef mrfrsm;udyk if edpö okc twå[k xifrw S vf suf wPSm 'd|jd zifh
om,mEdik f pGv J rf;Edik \f / þodYk wPSm'd|d Oyg'gefwYdk jzifh om,mpGv J rf; Edik af omaMumifh jrifcu
kd f Mum;cdu k f ponfrmS
xif½mS ;jzpfay:aom ½kyef mrfw&m;wkYd ukd Oyg'geu©Em¨ [kac:&onf/ wPSm Oyg'gefç 'd|dOyg'gefwkdY\om,mpGv J rf;&m
tm½kjH zpfaom cE¨mrsm;[k qdv k \
kd / 0dyóema,m*Donf Oyg'gefwYdk \ tm½keH ,fy,fjzpfaom þcE¨mwkYd uykd if
¤if;Oyg'gefwYdk usufpm;&m e,fy,f tjzpfrS vGwí f 0dyóem\ usufpm;&m e,fy,f jzpfatmif ½Irw S &f ayonf/
xkYd aMumifh usrf;*efwYdk ü .... yOöKyg'geu©aE¨ 0dyówd-[k rdeYf qx kd m;avonf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
ESm 229-rSwcf suf 1-ü Munfhyg/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
1-'ku©ork',H [lí¤if; 'ku©ork'a,m [lí¤if; rl 2-rsKd; ½S&d mwGif ]]owdyd 'GEd Hé y'geH ormem"du&P
bma0 vd*aF ba'g *[dawm? ,xm 'kuo © rk'a,m t&d,opö}H }[laom r[m#Dum 2-449-ESit hf nD 'kuo
© rk'a,m
[laomrlukd vufcx
H m;onf/ 'kue© ad &ma"müvnf; enf;wlyifwnf;/
rSwfcsuf
2-umrwPSmum; xif½mS ;\/ ba0 wPSm b0wPSm? b0yw¬em0aoe OyÜEó

é ç oów'd|o
d [*w
óç ½lyg½lyb0&m*ó pç psmeeduEÅ,
d m apwH t"d0peH/ t|uxm/
ba0? b0ü/ wPSm? onf/ b0wPSm? b0wPSm rnf\/ {wH? b0wPSm[laom þtrnfonf/
b0yw¬em0aoe? umrb0udk awmifw h onfh tvdt k m;jzif?h OyÜEó
é &m*ó p? jzpfaom &m*\¤if;/ oomw'd|d
o[*wó &m*ó p? oów'd|Ed iS w hf uG jzpfaom &m*\¤if;/ ½lyg½lyb0&m*ó p? ½lyb0ç t½lyb0wkdYü
wyfpaJG om &m*\¤if;/ psmeeduEÅ, d m p? ½lypsmefç t½lypsmefwYdk ü ESpo f ufaom wPSm\¤if;/ t"d0peH? trnf
aywnf;/ þt|uxmt& b0wPSmonf (4)yg;jym;\/ xdw k iG f umrb0ü awmifwh aom wPSm[l&mü umr
bHok m;wkYd tm; rdr\
d &qJb0ü ESpo f ufaysmfarGYro
I nf¤if;? aemiftcgü vlaumif;ç ewfaumif;ç ponf jzpfvrkd o I nf
¤if; umrb0ü qmavmifwyfprJG I jzpfaomaMumifh b0wPSmrnf\/ oów'd|Ed iS hf wuGjzpfaom &m*[lonfrmS
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þoów'd|o d rÜ,w
k f &m*udk b0wPSm-[k ac:onf/ <uif;aom b0wPSm 2-yg;um; xif½mS ;\/ 0db0wPSm
[lonfrmS ]]aovQif aemifb0r½SNd yD}}[k ,lqvsuf aoonfraS emufü b0r½Sad wmhbJ tvdv k ykd if jywfpo
J mG ;jcif;udk
om,mESpo f ufaom &m*aywnf;/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
tcsKdUt|uxmrsm;ü or®m yk'u f kd okE&´ ç yow¬ç aombe teufwYdkü zGijhf yxm;jcif;rSm &oifh &xdu k af om
aMumifo
h mwnf;/ vd&k if;teufrmS rl rdpmä 'd|d paomyk'w f Ydk\ qefYusib
f ufjzpfaom or®m'd|d paom yk'w f Ydkü or®m
o'´gonf rdpmä o'´gESihf ajymif;jyefjzpfaom t0dy&Dw - rSepf mG [laom teufüom jzpfayonf/
rSwfcsuf t"dyÜg,f
Ä
eda&m"ç r*¾opömwdYk ukd aumif;jrwfonf[k oabmusonfjzpfí ¤if;wkYd ukd rsufarSmufawGY&ef ajr§mv f ifu
h m
rdr\
d oEÅmefüxif½mS ;aom 'kuç© ork',opömw&m;wkYd ukd ½Irw S v f suf odjrifaejcif;onfyif tZÑwåopö"r®mEkyóem
rnf\/ tZÑwåw&m;ü ½Si;f vif;pGm odjrifoabmusoGm;aom tcgrSm A[d'¨ w&m;wkYd uv kd nf; enf;wlyif
oabmusvsuf qH;k jzwf\? þodYk qH;k jzwfvsuf ½Iqifjcifro I nfvnf; A[d'o ¨ pö"r®mEkyóem rnf\/ xkYd jyif
jrif&Mum;&aom olwyg;\ tqif; toH ponfukd ½Irw S vf suf qif;&JrQ[k odjrifjcif;onfvnf; A[d'o ¨ pö"r®m
Ekyóemyif rnf\/ þt&mü opöm 4-yg;udk ½Ionf[k qdak omfvnf; 'kuE© iS o hf rk',wkYd uo kd m ½I&ayonf/
eda&m"ESihf r*¾wYkd uukd m; 0dyóem½Ityfaom w&m; r[kwaf omaMumif¤h if;? ykxZk OfrmS rodb;l - r&bl;ao;aom
aMumif¤h if; r½I&awmhay? ,if; opöm 2-yg;wkYd ukd ]]aumif;onfjrwfonf}} [k Mum;od&í odvjkd cif; &vdjk cif;jzifh
yifvQif ¤if;wkYd ü½Ijcif;udpö NyD;onf[k t|uxm#DumwkYd ü rdeYf qMkd uavonf/ wenf;tm;jzifu h m; ..... jrifrI Mum;rI
paom 'kuo © pömw&m;wdYk ukd ½Irw S v
f suf qif;&J[k oabmusoGm;wkid ;f ¤if;wkYd ü om,mrnfh wPSmudyk ifvQif
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d m y#da0"udpu ö vkd nf; NyD;ap\/ avmuD
r*fukd jzpfapvsuf bm0em y#da0"udpu ö v
kd nf; NyD;ap\/ xkYd aMumifh jrifrI Mum;rIpaom 'kuo © pömw&m;wdYk ukd
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]]tZÑwåopöm 4-yg;ç A[d'öpöm 4-yg;wkYd ü ½Ijrifr}I }[k rSw&f m\/
ur®|mef; a0befcsuf
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