Vedanta Limited

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Vedanta Limited

Type Public Limited

Traded as BSE: 500295

NSE: VEDL
NYSE: VEDL[1]

Industry Mining

Founded 1979 as Sesa Goa

Headquarters Mumbai- India

Key people Anil Agarwal

(Chairman Emeritus)
Navin Agarwal
(Chairman)
Srinivasan Venkatakrishnan
(Chief Executive Officer)
Arun Kumar
(CFO)

Products Zinc, Lead Oil and Gas, Iron

ore, Aluminium, Copper, Goldand Silver

Revenue ₹71,721 crore (FY2017)

Net income ₹7,323 crore (FY2017)[2]

 Number of Approx. 60,000+ (2017)
employees

Website www.vedantalimited.com

Vedanta Limited, formerly known as Sesa Sterlite/Sesa Goa Limited, is a mining

company based in India, with its main operations in iron ore, Zinc and Aluminium
mines in Goa, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Odisha.[3] It is 50% owned by Vedanta Resources (a UK
based company controlled by the Anil Agarwal family) and 50% owned by other entities including
the public, mutual funds and foreign investors.[4]

Contents

 1History
o 1.1Sterlite Industries
o 1.2Sesa Goa - Scambi (1954-1963)
o 1.3Sesa Goa (1963-2007)
o 1.4Take over by Vedanta (2007)
 2Operations
 3Shareholding pattern
 4Products
 5CSR & Sustainability
 6Controversies
o 6.12001 SEBI case
o 6.2Tuticorin Sterlite protests
 7Offices
 8See also
 9Notes
 10External links and references

History[edit]
Sterlite Industries[edit]
Vedanta (then called Sterlite industries) had humble beginnings in the 1980s, as the founder
D.P.Agarwal founded Sterlite Industries (India) Limited in Mumbai and began to buy mining
concessions in different states of India. He was soon joined by his two sons, Navin Agarwal and
Sunil Agarwal, both of who currently run the company. In 1992, they established Volcan
investments in Nassau (Bahamas) as the main holding company for their mines.[5] D.P.Agarwal
had a small aluminium conductor business in Patna. His son Anil Agarwal had come to Mumbai
to expand their business.[6]
In the 1990s, as the Indian government began to sell off sick (non performing) companies,
Sterlite began to bid for them. They were able to bid successfully for BALCO and Hindustan
ZincLimited, both bankrupt companies that had been closed down for 4 years. Meanwhile, in
January 1993, D. P. Agarwal founded Twinstar Holdings Limited in Mauritius, which was mostly
owned by Volcan investments. On May 26, 2002, the Enforcement Directorate filed a show
cause notice with Sterlite, relating to the six year period between 1993 and 1999 when Twinstar
acquired the shares of Sterlite and various investment companies - such as Dwarka Prasad Anil
Kumar Investments Private Limited, Pravin Navin Investment & Trading Private Limited and
Sterlite Copper Rolling Mills Private Limited - which, in turn, had made substantial investments in
Sterlite and another group company, Madras Aluminium Company Limited (MALCO) after
obtaining permission from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). On April 29, 1999, many of these
investment companies were liquidated and all the shares of Sterlite came back to Twinstar's
possession. Twinstar became the 100% owner of shares in these investment companies and
received government approvals from the RBI as well as the Foreign Investment Promotion Board
(FIPB).[5]
On December 8, 1999, officials of the Income Tax department raided the offices of Sterlite
located at Dhanraj Mahal, Apollo Bunder and Tulsiani Chambers, Mumbai, and seized many
documents. The IT department then decided to engage the services of ED officials as it
appeared that there could have been a violation of the country's foreign exchange laws. After
analyzing these documents, the ED inferred that Twinstar was incorporated with the sole
intention of acquiring an interest in Sterlite. The Directorate alleged that the Agarwals, before
liquidating the shares of the investment companies mentioned, had written off loans worth 23
crore and made an agreement to gift their overseas corporate body, Twinstar, a sum of Rs 33.82
crore including shares of Sterlite worth Rs 7.22 crore. Between 1993 and 1999, Sterlite and its
investment companies allegedly brought in Rs 208 crore to India through Twinstar to subscribe to
the shares of Sterlite and make investments in the company.[7][5]
Sesa Goa - Scambi (1954-1963)[edit]
The company today known as Sesa Goa was founded in 1954, as Scambi Economici SA
Goa.[8] Since then, it gradually grew to become a large low-cost producer of iron ore. During
1991–1995, it diversified into the manufacture of pig iron and metallurgical coke. Scambi
Economici Societa Anonyma (SESA), owned by Baron Ludovic Toeplitz, with the financial
backing of Alessandro Vassalo, obtained the Orasso Dongor mining lease in Sirsaim, Goa in
1954 and Sesa Goa Limited was formed. It was bought over in 1955, with equal shareholding, by
Gewerkeshaft Exploration e Bergbau and Ferromin S.p.A., a subsidiary of Finsider S.p.A. (of IRI
group), which eventually acquired the other half stake in 1963.
Sesa Goa (1963-2007)[edit]
Sesa Goa Limited was incorporated as a private limited company in 1963 under The Companies
Act, 1956. In 1979, Sesa Goa Private Limited was formed, with the merger of Sesa Goa Limited
with another mining company in Goa, Mingoa Sociedade Miniera Goesa S.a.r.l. By 1965, Sesa
Goa and Mingoa were incorporated as a private limited company under The Companies Act,
1956. The merger happened in 1979 and the new, unified company was called ‘Sesa Goa Pvt
Ltd’. The company went public in 1981[9] with 42,000 Indian shareholders, holding 60% of
its shares and the remaining 40% held by Finsider International, which later became ILVA
International. Sesa Goa had started with iron mining as its core business but slowly, it ventured
into barge construction in 1984 at Sirsaim, located in the Bardez taluka of North Goa. Since then,
the barge construction unit has been developed into a shipbuilding division.[10]
In the 1990s, Sesa Goa began further expansion, aided by an influx of foreign investment durign
the economic liberalization of India enforced by the World Bank and IMF. In 1992, the first phase
of a 150,000 ton pig iron plant was commissioned. In the same year, Sesa introduced India’s first
low-phosphorus foundry grade pig iron in India and subsequently formalised the business under
pig iron division. The pig iron plant was located at Amona, Goa and had an annual production
capacity of 250,000 tonnes per annum. Other alliances were formed in the nineties—in January
1995, Sesa Shipping was launched by acquiring atranshipper M.V. Orissa. The year also saw the
inclusion of 84 new coke ovens. When Mitsui & Co. of Japan bought Finsider International in
1996, it gained 51% stake in Sesa Go. By 1997, Sesa Kembla became a 100% subsidiary of
Sesa Goa.
In 1997, A Narrain mines located in Chitradurga, (Karnataka) were purchased. A Supreme
Court directive in August 2011 led to suspension of mining activities in the region. In 1999, Sesa
Goa started mining operations in Barbil, which has the fifth largest deposit of iron ore
and manganese in the world. They started producing iron ore which was exported from the port
towns of Haldiaand Paradip. Durign this time, the company also started the Sesa Community
Development Foundation that supported the NCM Sesa Technical School and a football
academy called SESA F.A.
During the end of the 90s, the company also began to consolidate through mergers and
acquisitions. Sesa Kembla completed the creation of an indigenous and environment-friendly
technology that produced high-quality metallurgical coke. This technology generated power[11] as
a by-product.[12] In 2003, the Sesa Goa equity in Sesa Industries was raised to 88.25%, impacting
the shareholding pattern.
Take over by Vedanta (2007)[edit]
In 2007, Vedanta Resources Plc, a diversified metals and mining group founded by Anil Agarwal,
acquired 51% controlling stake[13] in Sesa Goa Ltd. from Mitsui & Co. Ltd. Vedanta Resources is
listed on the London Stock Exchange and a constituent of FTSE 100 Index. The deal was
worth ₹40.7 billion (US$570 million), making it the largest M&A deal in the industry so far.[14] In
2009, Sesa Goa acquired Goa-based Dempo Group’s mining and maritime businesses for ₹17.5
billion (US$240 million) in an all-cash deal.[15][16] This was the second largest[17] acquisition in
India’s iron-ore industry, and it gave Sesa Goa access to Dempo’s 70 million tons of iron-ore
mineable resources in Goa. In 2011, Sesa Goa purchased 51% stake in Western Cluster, Liberia
for $90 million.[18] The Liberia Gola Forest Community people who also suffered from the civil war
believe that the coming of Western Cluster will help to alleviate their suffering and provide
employment.
In 2007, it became a majority-owned subsidiary[19] of Vedanta Resources Plc, listed on
the London Stock Exchange, when Vedanta acquired 51% controlling stake from Mitsui & Co.,
Ltd. In June 2009, Sesa Goa Limited acquired[15] VS Dempo & Co. Private Limited (now Sesa
Resources Limited) along with its fully owned subsidiary Dempo Mining Corporation (now
Vedanta Limited) and 50% equity in Goa Maritime Private Limited. In 2010, Vedanta acquired the
zinc assets of British miner Anglo American plc.
In 2011 Vedanta Resources bought 58.5% controlling stake in Cairn India, India's largest private
sector oil & gas company.[20] In 2015, Sterlite Industries and Sesa Goa announced their merger
and finally merged into a single entity in August, 2015.[21] In 2015, Sesa Sterlite changed its name
to Vedanta Limited.[22] On April 11, 2017, Cairn India merged with Vedanta Limited to consolidate
its position as one of the largest diversified natural resources companies in the world.[23]
In 2018 Vedanta Limited acquired control of Electrosteels Steels Limited.[24] Electrosteel Steels
had been constructing an integrated steel plant at Siyaljori in Jharkhand.

Operations[edit]
Vedanta limited owns, leases and operates in India through the following entities:

 Bharat Aluminium Company Ltd Aluminium in which Vedanta

Limited has 51% stake.
 Hindustan Zinc, Rajasthan (in which Vedanta limited has a
64.9% stake)[4]
 Sterlite copper (Tuticorin)[25]
 Twin star (a Mauritius based offshore holding company that
owns sizable parts of Vedanta limited)[4]
 Cairn India and Cairn energy India (oil and offshore
exploration)[25]
 Mines in Goa (currently frozen statewide) and Karnataka (owned
by Vedanta limited)[26]
 Electrosteel Steels limited, Jharkhand (through Vedanta star, a
holding company)[4][27]
 Talwandi Sabo power limited (a thermal power plant in Mansa,
near Bathinda, Punjab)[25][28]
 Vedanta alumina limited (Lanjigarh, Odisha)[4][26]
Though the company primarily operated in Goa and Karnataka, it has gradually expanded its
operations in recent years to Odisha, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab Gujarat and
Andhra Pradesh.[29]

Shareholding pattern[edit]
As of 30 June 2018, the company is owned 50% by the promoters (under Finsider international
and Twinstar holding, both holding companies owned under the names of 12 members of the
Agarwal family) and 50% by the public. The promoters ownership (51%) is held under
"Westglobe limited" under "Twinstar holdings" (37%) and Finsider international (11%).[30] The
balance 49% of the company is owned by mutual funds (ICICI Prudential), foreign portfolio
investors (17%), Corporate bodies (7%), LIC India (6%), Citibank New York (4%), individual retail
shareholders (5%) and Citibank NYADR (4%).[31]
Relationship with Sesa Goa: Sesa Goa was originally a Portuguese owned company, with iron
ore mines in Goa. In the 1990s, Sesa Goa was purchased by Sterlite industries (subsequently
renamed as Vedanta Limited).[32]
Relationship with Cairns India and Carins energy: In 2016, Cairns India and Cairns Energy were
purchased by Vedanta Limited. Cairns was a US owned company and the 2nd largest private oil
and gas company in India.

Products[edit]
Copper: Vedanta limited operates the largest copper smelter In India, in Tuticorin. This
contributes to nearly 50% of Vedanta Limited's profits. In early 2016, due to local protests related
to environment pollution, the plant was temporarily shut down by the Tamilnadu state
government. Vedanta has contested these claims, stating that its gas emissions are well below
the state norms and the emissions of 11 other neighboring industries. It has also stated that their
plant does not pump any water into the sea, due to a changes in the plant configuration after a
previous (2013) complaints from the state government.[33]
Zinc-Lead-Silver: Zinc India business is owned and operated by Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL).
HZL owns and operates a fully integrated zinc-lead business. HZL is one of the world's largest
integrated zinc-lead producers by volume. Sesa Sterlite owns 64.9% of the share capital of HZL,
while the Government of India remains an equity partner and holds a 29.5% stake. HZL is listed
on Indian stock exchanges (NSE and BSE).HZL's fully integrated zinc operations include five
lead-zinc mines, one rock phosphate mine, four hydrometallurgical zinc smelters, two lead
smelters, one lead-zinc smelter, four sulphuric acid plants, one silver refinery and six captive
power plants at our Chanderiya, Dariba and Zawar facilities in the State of Rajasthan, processing
and refining facilities for zinc at Haridwar and for zinc, lead and silver at Pantnagar, both in the
State of Uttarakhand and in northern India. In FY 2013, these operations delivered 870,000
tonnes of mined zinc-lead metal-in-concentrate, and 802,000 tonnes of refined zinc and lead.[34]
Oil & Gas: Sesa Sterlite's Oil & Gas operations comprise the assets of Cairn India in India, Sri
Lanka and South Africa. Cairn India is India's largest private-sector crude oil producer,
contributing to over 25% of India's crude oil production. Sesa Sterlite owns 58.9% of Cairn India,
which is also the fastest-growing Asian E&P company (Platts 2011) and one of the top 20
independent E&P companies worldwide. Cairn India has interest in eight blocks in India, one in
Sri Lanka and one in South Africa. Cairn India's resource base is located in four areas - the
onshore RJ-ON-90/1 (Rajasthan) block, two blocks on the west coast of India, four blocks on the
east coast of India (including one in Sri Lanka) and one block in South Africa. Cairn India's
Rajasthan block is the largest onshore discovery in India in the last 20 years and has an
estimated 7.3 billion barrels of oil equivalent in place with a basin potential to support a
production rate of 300,000 barrels of oil per day. Cairn India has a strong track record of
exploration, with nearly 50% exploration success ratio. It has initiated an exploration and
appraisal programme to unlock further potential in the proven Rajasthan block. Cairn India has a
planned net capital investment of US$3 billion through FY2016, with around 80% of this
investment allocated for the Rajasthan block. Cairn India has a current operating capacity of
178,000 boepd at Rajasthan, and remains on track to deliver a FY2013-14 exit production target
of over 200,000 boepd. The company has recently commenced gas sales from the Rajasthan
Block. Sesa Sterlite's Oil & Gas operations comprise the assets of Cairn India in India, Sri Lanka
and South Africa. Cairn India is India's largest private sector crude oil producer, contributing to
over 25% of India's crude oil production.[citation needed]
Iron Ore:Sesa Sterlite is largest private sector exporter of iron ore in India and is developing
large iron ore deposits in Liberia. Iron ore mining operations are carried out in the Indian States
of Goa and Karnataka. We also manufacture pig iron and metallurgical coke. During FY 2013,
our Indian iron ore operations were affected by a suspension of iron ore mining activities across
the states of Goa and Karnataka. The Honourable Supreme Court allowed resumption of
Karnataka mine in April, 13 subject to statutory clearances. Subsequent to receiving all the
approvals they have started mining in Karnataka from 28 December, 13. In 2011, Sesa Goa
limited had acquired iron ore assets in Liberia, with around 1 billion in reserves and resources
across three deposits - Bomi Hills, Bea Mountain and Mano River, located at a distance of 70-
140 kilometers from the port at Monrovia. Extensive drilling at our Liberia assets has confirmed a
billion tonne of Iron Ore deposit last year with further multifold upside. Currently, they are
reviewing the different phased options including the first phase of 2 million tons. Sesa Sterlite is
largest private sector exporter of iron ore in India. Its subsidiary, Western Cluster Ltd is
developing large iron ore deposits in Liberia.[citation needed]
Their copper business is principally a custom smelting operation located in India and Australia.
Our Indian operations include a smelter, refinery, phosphoric acid plant, sulphuric acid plant and
copper rod plant at Thoothukudi in southern India. Sesa Sterlite owns 100% of the Mt. Lyell
copper mine in Tasmania, Australia, which produces a portion of the total requirement of copper
concentrate at our Indian Operations. Production of cathodes at our Copper India business was
353kt in FY 2013. Our Australian operations produced 26kt of mined metal in FY 2013.Sesa
Sterlite copper business is located in India. It also owns 100% stake in Copper Mines Of
Tasmania Pty Ltd, Australia.[citation needed]
Aluminium: BALCO has a smelter capacity of 345 ktpa with capabilities to produce ingots, wire-
rods, billets, busbars and rolled products. BALCO's operations include mines, refineries, smelters
and captive power plants in the state of Chhattisgarh in India. Sesa Sterlite holds a controlling
51% stake in BALCO, while the Government of India remains an equity partner and holds the
remaining 49% stake. The Korba-II Balco smelter produces 245 ktpa of aluminium and they are
expanding production capacity to 570 ktpa with the commencement of the new Korba-III 325 ktpa
smelter in FY 2014.BALCO's current operations have access to captive power from 540 MW
thermal power plant. A new 1,200 MW power plant is expected to commence production
soon.Beside this company has 1.75MTPA of aluminium manufacturing unit at
Jharsuguda,Odisha.[citation needed]
Power: Sesa Sterlite is one of India's leading power producers with a capacity of 3,900 MW in
commercial power. They have commercial power generation business which currently operates
2,400 MW Jharsuguda Power Plant in Odisha, 270 MW BALCO power plant in Chhattisgarh, 100
MW MALCO power plant in Tamil Nadu and 274 MW HZL wind power plants at various locations
in India. They are also setting up a 1,980 MW Talwandi Sabo power plant in the state of Punjab.
Talwandi Sabo Power Limited, a 100% subsidiary of Sesa Sterlite is setting up a 1,980 MW
thermal power project in Punjab, with the first unit starting operations by Q3 FY2014. Hindustan
Zinc has 274 MW of wind power generational capacity, making it one of the largest producers of
wind power in India. MALCO operates a 100 MW plant.[citation needed]
Metallurgical Coke: Approximately 65% of total production is consumed by Sesa group, for its
pig iron production. The remainder is sold to customers located in India. Sesa Goa has patented
a technology that provides high quality output and produces power. It is a patented and follows a
two-product process with metallurgical coke as the main product and the sensible heat of the
exhaust flue gas as a co-product. This heat can be used for producing clean electricity. The
company uses non-polluting, non-recovery Australian Technology. At the plant in Amona,
negative pressure in the ovens ensures no polluting leakages.[citation needed]
Pig Iron: This business is skewed towards catering to the steel mills and foundries of the Indian
market, in particular the Western and Southern India. The division manufactures basic, foundry
and nodular grade pig iron and also sells slag. The annual production capacity is 250,000 tons
per annum.[citation needed]

CSR & Sustainability[edit]

Vedanta invested US $37 million towards community development in 2015-16, benefitting over
2.25 million people globally.[35] The Confederation of Indian Indusry (CII) ranked Vedanta Limited
and its subsidiary Hindustan Zinc among the top ten sustainable firms in India.[36] In FY2016,
Vedanta recycled 47% of the fly ash generated through operations, as well as recycled 23% of
the water utilized during its operations.[37]
The company has entered into a first of its kind, unique Public-Private-Partnership (PPP), with
the Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India to start Project Nandghar all
over the country. This project aims to modernize and construct the Anganwadi infrastructure
in India.[38] With the aim to supplement inclusive economic growth in India, Vedanta focuses on
women empowerment through its CSR initiatives. The company's CSR initiatives 32,600 rural
women through the creation of about 1,500 Self Help Groups in the communities, across the
locations of its operations.[39]

Controversies[edit]
2001 SEBI case[edit]
In 2001, Sterlite industries, BPL and Videocon were found guilty by the Securities Exchange
Board of India (SEBI) of having colluded with the broker Harshad Mehta and 17 brokers (10
from BSE and 7 from NSE) in a bid to corner shares and rig shares prices. This resulted in a ban
on Sterlite from accessing capital markets for 2 years.[40] Subsequent to this, in 2003, Vedanta
Resources (UK) was listed on the London Stock Exchange. Vedanta Resources itself is a holding
company that owns many entities including a large proportion of Vedanta Limited and Sterlite
industries.[41]
Tuticorin Sterlite protests[edit]
In early 2018, thousands of residents of Tuticorin began to protest against the Sterlite plant
located in the industrial complex there. The protests continued for three months and began to
draw the attention of the media as well as local political parties who began to instigate as well as
mobilise locals. Most of the protests were related to what locals perceived to be pollution from
the Sterlite factory. The managers of Sterlite countered that there were another four similar
plants adjacent to them, and that they were complying with all government regulations. There
was little equipment, either with the plant or with the government to take actual measurements of
the air in the vicinity. Sterlite further countered that contrary to the rumours that were being
circulated, they did not pump any water from the plant into the sea which lay more than 10
kilometers away. In April 2018, the Government of Tamilnadu placed an order to close down the
factory.[42] This order was temporarily cancelled by the district collector.[43][44]
In May 2018, amidst ongoing protests by thousands of people, matters turned rough one day and
the police opened fire on demonstrators.[45][46] The firing killed 13 people and protesters turned
violent, burning vehicles and structures. Residents say the copper smelter is causing
environmental damage. Subsequent to the firing, the Tamil Nadu chief minister Palaniswami
ordered a judicial inquiry into the shootings but defended the police response.[47]

Offices[edit]
The registered office and corporate office of Vedanta Limited are based in Mumbai.[48] The
company has offices in New Delhi, NCR as well as across its operations in the country.

See also[edit]
  Companies portal

 Mining portal

 Mining in India
 List of mines in India

Notes[edit]
1. ^ Annual report 2017-18 (PDF). Mumbai: Vedanta Limited. 1
September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
2. ^ "Consolidated Results for the fourth Quarter and full year ended
31 March 2016" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2017.
3. ^ "Vedanta's Sesa Iron Ore to make all mines operational in Goa".
Business Standard. 25 June 2016. Retrieved 28 April2017.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Vedanta's billions: regulatory failure,
environment and human rights (PDF). Sussex: Foil Vedanta. 1
September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b c thakurta, Prananjoy Guha (2 November
2009). "Vedanta's Questionable Resources". Current Weekly.
Retrieved 17 October 2018.
6. ^ Kumar, Rohit (17 April 2018). "NCLT approves Vedanta's
resolution plan for Electrosteel (Lead)". Vimocafe. Retrieved 17
October 2018.
7. ^ "Chidambaram faces flak on Vedanta links". Business Standard.
26 February 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
8. ^ http://profit.ndtv.com/Corporate/Company-History/100295/Sesa-
Goa-Ltd-?microslug=livebudget2012
9. ^ "Sesa Goa: Volume expansion to drive growth". Archived
from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 5 June2017.
10. ^ http://www.edelweiss.in/market/Information.aspx?co_code=502&
tb=CH
11. ^ "The Hindu Business Line : FFE Minerals ties up with Sesa
Kembla for coke oven". Thehindubusinessline.in. 2004-02-04.
Retrieved 2016-12-01.
12. ^ "Vedanta Chairman Speech | Vedanta Ltd Chairman Speech".
Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-
01.
13. ^ "Archive News". The Hindu. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
14. ^ "Vedanta bags Mitsui's 51% in miner Sesa Goa". Indian
Express. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
15. ^ Jump up to:a b "Sesa Goa buys Dempo's mining biz | Business
Standard News". Business-standard.com. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
16. ^ Panaji, DHNS:. "Sesa Goa buys Dempo mining firm".
Deccanherald.com. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
17. ^ "Sesa Goa acquires Dempo Mining « WeeksUpdate".
Weeksupdate.com. 2014-06-21. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
18. ^ PTI (2011-08-06). "Sesa Goa to buy 51% stake in Western
Cluster for $90 mn". Livemint. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
19. ^ Our Bureau (2012-02-25). "Vedanta to merge Sesa Goa, Sterlite
Ind in all-share deal | Business Line". Thehindubusinessline.com.
Retrieved 2016-12-01.
20. ^ Utpal Bhaskar (2011-12-08). "Vedanta’s Cairn India stake buy
completed". Livemint. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
21. ^ "Sesa Goa, Sterlite Combine to Reduce Debt of Parent
Vedanta". Archived from the original on 23 August 2016.
Retrieved 5 June 2017.
22. ^ "Sesa Sterlite renamed as Vedanta Ltd". The Hindu. 2015-04-
22. Retrieved 2016-12-01.
23. ^ ET Bureau (April 12, 2017). "Cairn India merges with
Vedanta". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved June 5,2017.
24. ^ "Vedanta enters steel with acquisition of Electrosteel Steels, to
hold 90%". Business Standard, 5 June 2018. Retrieved 16
July 2018.
25. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Our operations". www.vedantalimited.com.
Vedanta limited. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
26. ^ Jump up to:a b Annual report 2017-2018 (PDF). Mumbai: Vedanta
Limited. 1 September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
27. ^ "Vedanta enters steel with acquisition of Electrosteel Steels, to
hold 90%". Business Standard, 5 June 2018. Retrieved 16
October 2018.
28. ^ "Invitation for EOI" (PDF). Talwandi Sabo Power Limited website.
Vedanta Limited. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
29. ^ "Vedanta Limited". www.vedantalimited.com. Retrieved 5
June 2017.
30. ^ "Vedanta limited shareholding pattern (September 2018) - Pages
4 and 5" (PDF). Vedanta official website. Vedanta Limited.
Retrieved 17 October 2018.
31. ^ "Share holding pattern - Vedanta Limited,
India" (PDF). www.vedantalimited.com. Vedanta official / letter to
SEBI. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
32. ^ "Sterlite - Sesa Goa merger" (PDF). IIFL / Business Standard.
Smart Investor. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
33. ^ "FAQ on Sterlite Copper - updated 17th September
2018"(PDF). www.vedantalimited.com. Vedanta Limited (Press
release). Retrieved 17 October 2018.
34. ^ "Zinc day - production to grow after hiatus of 6 years"(PDF).
Money Control. Motilal Oswal. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 17
October 2018.
35. ^ PTI Report (5 August 2016). "Vedanta Resources to invest $30
million in R&D: Anil Agarwal". www.financialexpress.com.
Retrieved 5 June 2017.
36. ^ PTI Report (16 March 2016). "Vedanta among top 10
sustainable firms in India: CII". www.dnaindia.com. Retrieved 5
June 2017.
37. ^ Express News Service (28 March 2017). "Vedanta launches
green initiative to dispose red mud in
Odisha". www.newindianexpress.com. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
38. ^ HBL Bureau (21 September 2015). "Govt inks MoU with Vedanta
to build 4,000 'next generation'
Anganwadis". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 5
June 2017.
39. ^ "Vedanta aims to make women self-reliant by implementing skill
development". www.deccanchronicle.com. 8 March 2016.
Retrieved 5 June 2017.
40. ^ "Press release - Ref.No.PR 71/2001 (19 April
2001)". www.sebi.gov.in. SEBI. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
41. ^ "16 years of fraud?". www.minesandcommunities.org. Mine and
communitities. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
42. ^ "Sterlite copper - Know the truth". www.sterlitecopper.com.
Sterlite Copper. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
43. ^ https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tuticorin-anti-sterlite-protest-
power-cut-for-vedanta-owned-sterlite-in-tuticorin-10-latest-facts-
1857089
44. ^ http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sterlite-s-
pollution-problem-113041801267_1.html
45. ^ http://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=2027846
46. ^ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44234715
 47. ^ https://www.firstpost.com/india/sterlite-protest-live-updates-
palaniswami-govt-appeals-against-madras-hc-order-to-preserve-
bodies-of-thoothukudi-victims-4480617.html
48. ^ "Vedanta Limited registered office". www.vedantalimited.com.
Retrieved 5 June 2017.

External links and references[edit]

 Official website
 Group homepage

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CNX Nifty companies of India

 Categories:
 Iron ore mining in India
 Mining companies of India
 Companies based in Goa
 1954 establishments in Portuguese India
 Iron ore mining companies of India
 CNX Nifty
 Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
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