M1086Nt-2K Release Notes: 1.0 General

M1086NT-2K RELEASE NOTES
Effective 27 September 2007
1.0 General:
Thank you for choosing this EPC 1086 product for your recording needs. These
release notes detail known conditions and limitations that affect the 1086NT-2K.
This information is supplemental to the Operator’s Manual and should be read
completely before operating the equipment.
2.0 Differences Between 1086NT and 1086NT-2K:
The Model 1086NT-2K combines the best features of the 1086-500 series (fast
booting, reliability) and the previous 1086NT (network functions, slant range
correction, speed correction). Users of either of the older models will be
comfortable with the new series. The new series was primarily developed for
support reasons and to improve reliability by means of bolt-down (PC/104) circuit
boards. Some of the menu items will look a little different:
• GAIN – Secondary Gain Control that applied to the analog signal after it
has been digitized. The Gain knobs still work on the incoming analog
signal and can be thought of as a pre-amp stage.
• BANDPASS FILTERS – The Bandpass Filter Controls no longer use a

fixed set of frequencies, but rather the frequencies can be set with 1 Hz
resolution.
• CONTRAST – The Contrast range is now from 0-100 instead of –31 to 32.
• TVG – TVG is now on a scale of 0 (off) to 100 (max) is no longer applied

to the source signal but, rather, is applied after digitization.
3.0 XTF File Export and Playback:
The initial release of the 1086NT-2K (‘A’ Series Rev Code) does not support the
creation and storage of XTF data file, either locally or remotely, as the original
1086NT did in the past. This feature, or one like it, will be added after the initial
release and will be a free software upgrade, easily performed in the field. The
user will notice a few unsupported menu items on the LCDs (PLAYBACK, REC
NO, etc.). These controls will be activated by the future software update.
4.0 Reporting Defects and Enhancement Requests:
Please e-mail johnc@epclabs.com or call 1-978-462-1900 to report defects or

request product enhancements. Beyond all else, EPC Labs values customer
satisfaction. Timely feedback is critical in order for EPC to address any customer
concerns.
Rev.-
WARRANTY
With the exception of the printhead, EPC Labs, Inc. warrants the 1086NT-2K
thermal gray scale printer to be free of any defects and in good working order for
a period of one year from date of delivery. The printhead is warranted for a
period of 90 days after delivery. In the event of failure of any part(s) due to
defect in material or workmanship occurring within the warranty period, EPC will
repair or replace the product at no charge for parts and labor performed at a
company designated repair facility.
EPC will not be obligated to, or liable for, repair or replacement of the product
due to the misuse, abuse, misapplication, or the modification of the product
without prior written consent from EPC Labs. This includes the use of
unauthorized recording medium (thermal film and/or paper) which may cause
irreparable damage to the printhead as well as the entire recorder. In addition,
EPC will not be liable for damages, lost revenue, lost wages, lost savings, or any
other consequential or incidental damages arising from same.
The user of this product will be responsible for packing and shipping the failed
product properly, and for the
shipping charges associated
with the return of the product to
an EPC repair facility. EPC
will be responsible for returning
the product to the place of
origin, and all associated
costs.
EPC LABORATORIES, INC.
EPC LABORATORIES, INC. 8 Perry Way, Newburyport, MA 01950

Phone: (978) 462-1900 Fax: (978) 462-9960 E-mail: epc@epclabs.com, www.epclabs.com
Rev.-
WARNING PAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE!! - When this symbol appears it implies that that the forthcoming
operation will require the technician to take special safety steps around an exposed
electrical circuit.
STATIC DEVICE - This symbol implies the procedure should be performed in a static
safe workstation.
GENERAL CAUTION NOTE - This symbol implies that there is a general point of
interest. In some cases it may be for operator or product safety.
General precautions:
• Keep away from live circuits. Operating and maintenance personnel

must, at all times, observe all safety regulations pertaining to
electronic equipment.
• To prevent damage, caution must be exercised when removing or

inserting printed circuit boards (PCBs).
• The TGR PCBs contain components sensitive to electrostatic

discharge (ESD). Approved ESD prevention techniques must be used
when working on or handling PCBs. ESD-sensitive components are
usually labeled, as shown to the right:
• Avoid the use of flammable or toxic cleaning fluids such as carbon

tetrachloride.
• Use care when soldering. Avoid breathing the fumes from

soldering, use proper eye protection, and be sure the area is well ventilated.

Table of Contents Rev.A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Section Description Page

Specifications i
1 Getting Started
1.0 General ………………………………………………………. 1-1
1.1 Controls & Features ………………………………………… 1-1
1.1.1 Control Panel ………………………………………………… 1-1
1.1.2 Keyboard Interface …………………………………………. 1-2
1.1.3 Serial Command Interface ………………………………. 1-2
1.1.4 Analog Data …………………………………………………. 1-3
1.1.5 Digital Data ………………………………………………….. 1-3
1.2 A Sample Session ………………………………………….. 1-5
1.2.1 TGR Preparation ……………………………………………. 1-5
1.2.2 Load Paper ………………………………………………….. 1-5
1.2.3 Power-up …………………………………………………….. 1-6
1.2.4 Check Paper Feed ………………………………………….. 1-7
1.2.5 Secure Take-up Reel ………………………………………. 1-7
1.2.6 Check Test Pattern …………………………………………. 1-8
1.2.7 Print Some Data …………………………………………….. 1-8
1.2.7.1 Printing Analog Data ..……………………………………… 1-10
1.2.7.2 Printing Parallel Data ………………………………………. 1-10
1.3 Data Storage and Network Configuration ......................... 1-11
2 System Overview
2.0 General ………………………………………………………. 2-1
2.1 Mechanical Frame ……..…………………………………… 2-1
2.2 Electronic Components …..………………………………… 2-1
2.2.1 Power Distribution Board …………………………………… 2-1
2.2.2 Microprocessor Board ……………………………………... 2-2


2 System Overview – cont.
2.2.3 Digital I/O Board ….………………………………………… 2-2
2.2.4 Analog Digitizer Board …………………..…………………. 2-2
2.2.5 Printhead Controller .........………………………………….. 2-3
2.2.6 System Controller Board ….………………………………… 2-3
2.2.7 Thermal Printhead ..………………………………………… 2-3
2.3 Power System …….………………………………………… 2-4
2.3.1 Line Input Module …………………………………………… 2-4
2.3.2 Main Power Supply …….………………….…………….. 2-4
2.3.3 Power Distribution Board …………………………………… 2-4
2.4 Paper Transport System …………………………………… 2-5
2.4.1 Feed Roll Magazine ..….…………………………………… 2-5
2.4.2 Paper Feed Block ...………………………………………… 2-5
2.4.3 Print Roller Assembly ………………………………………. 2-6
2.4.4 View Panel …………………………………………………... 2-6
2.4.5 Pinch & Drive Rollers ………………………………………. 2-6
2.4.6 Stainless Steel Gear Train ………………………………… 2-6
2.4.7 Stepper Motor ………………………………………………. 2-6
2.4.8 Take-up Motor ……………………………………………….. 2-7
2.4.9 Take-up Blocks ….. .………………………………………… 2-7
2.4.10 Take-up Chamber ………………………………………... 2-7
2.5 Error Sensors ……………………………………………….. 2-7
2.5.1 Printhead Not Engaged Switch ………………………….… 2-8
2.5.2 Paper Out Sensor ………………………………………….. 2-8


2 System Overview – cont.
2.6 Control Panel ……………………………………………….. 2-8
2.7 I/O Panel ………………………………………………….… 2-9
3 Theory of Operation
3.0 General ………………………………….…………………… 3-1
3.1 Analog Data Acquisition ……………………………………. 3-1
3.2 Trigger Characteristics .……………………………………. 3-1
3.2.1 Internal Trigger Mode ….…………………………………… 3-1
3.2.2 External Trigger Mode ..……………………………………. 3-2
3.3 Analog Signal Conditioning ...……………………………… 3-2
3.3.1 Input Amplifier / Primary Gain Stage ...…………………… 3-2
3.3.2 Ban Pass Filters …………………………………………… 3-2
3.4 Digitization & Digital Signal Processing ..………………. 3-3
3.4.1 Threshold Processing ……………………………………… 3-3
3.4.2 Signal Polarity ….………………………………………… 3-3
3.4.3 Secondary Gain Stage ……………………………….….. 3-4
3.4.4 Stacking ……………..……………………………….…… 3-4
3.4.5 Slant Range Correction …………………………….….. 3-4
3.4.5.1 Slant Range Control ……………………………….…. 3-4
3.4.5.2 Slant Range Threshold …………………………………… 3-5
3.4.5.3 Slant Range Delay ………………………………………… 3-5
3.4.5.4 Slant Range Accuracy ………………………………… 3-5
3.4.5.5 Algorithm Example ………………………………………….. 3-5
3.4.5.6 Displaying Sonar Height Above Terrain .……………….. 3-6
3.4.5.7 Configuring Sonar Height Parameters ………………… 3-6
3.5 Digitizer Timing ………………………………………… 3-7


3 Theory of Operation – cont.
3.5.1 Scan Rate ………….. ……………………………………... 3-7
3.5.2 Calculating Record Scale ………………………………... 3-7
3.5.3 Delayed Scans …….. ………………………………………. 3-8
3.5.4 Calculating Delay … ………………………………………… 3-8
3.5.5 Scan Delay Limitations ………………... …………………... 3-8
3.6 Parallel Data Acquisition …………… ……..………………. 3-9
3.6.1 Data Transmission ……………………………………. 3-9
3.6.2 Embedded Control Codes …………………………………. 3-9
3.6.3 Pixel Depth ………………………………………………….. 3-10
3.6.4 Data Shifting ........................................………………….. 3-10
3.6.5 Data Decimation ……………………………………………. 3-11
3.6.6 Parallel Port Hardware …………………………………….. 3-12
3.6.6.1 Data Register ……………………………………………….. 3-12
3.6.6.2 Status Register ……………………………………………… 3-12
3.6.6.3 Control Register …………………………………………….. 3-13
3.6.6.4 Extended Capabilities ……………………………………… 3-13
3.7 RS-232 Input ………………………………………………… 3-14
3.7.1 RS-232 Data ………………………………………………… 3-14
3.7.2 RS-232 Commands ………………………………………… 3-14
3.8 Keyboard Interface …………………………………………. 3-14
3.9 Message and Annotation Functions ……………………… 3-15
3.9.1 Basic Event Marks ………………………………………….. 3-15
3.9.2 Printing Messages ………………………………………….. 3-15
3.9.3 Message Attributes …………………………………………. 3-15
3.9.4 Autoevent ……………………………………………….…… 3-16


3 Theory of Operation – cont.
3.9.5 Automsg ………………………………………………….….. 3-16
3.9.6 Using Fix Numbers …………………………………….…… 3-16
3.9.7 GPS Interface ………………………………..….................. 3-16
3.9.8 Auto-Annotation ................................................................ 3-17
3.10 Speed Correction Using GPS ……………………….……. 3-17
3.11 Socket Interface Description …………….……...………… 3-17
3.11.1 Socket Addressing …………………. …………………… 3-18
3.11.2 Port Selection …………. .......................…………………. 3-18
3.11.3 Programming Information ………………………………... 3-19
3.11.3.1 Raster Data Transmission ……………………………….. 3-19
3.11.3.2 Sending TGR Commands ...........…………………………. 3-19
3.11.3.3 Querying TGR Status ............…...…………………………. 3-19
3.11.3.4 Querying TGR Settings .........……………………………… 3-20
3.11.4 Developer Tools …………………………………………… 3-20
4 Maintenance & Troubleshooting
4.0 General Overview of Troubleshooting ….…………..……. 4-1
4.1 General Maintenance ………………………………………. 4-1
4.1.1 Keep the Area Clean ………………………………………. 4-1
4.1.2 Clean the Paper Feed Chamber ……………………...….. 4-1
4.1.3 Clean the thermal Printhead ……………………….……. 4-2
4.1.4 Handling and Storing Thermal Media ……………….…… 4-3
4.1.5 Quick Troubleshooting Method ……………………….…… 4-4
4.1.6 Replacement Procedure …………………………………… 4-5
4.2 Basic Adjustments and Fuse Change ……………………. 4-5
4.2.1 Drop-out on Paper …………………………………………. 4-6
4.2.2 Changing the Power Fuse ………………………………… 4-7
4.3 Verifying Recorder Operation ……………………………... 4-7


4 Maintenance & Troubleshooting – cont.
4.3.1 Running the Test Pattern …………………………………. 4-8
4.3.2 Checking Out the Analog Functions ……………….…….. 4-9
4.3.2.1 Verifying the Key Out ……………………………………… 4-9
4.3.2.2 Verifying the Scan Speeds ……………………………….. 4-10
4.3.2.3 Verifying the Delay Setting ……………………………….. 4-12
4.3.2.4 Verifying the Gain And Threshold ………………………... 4-13
4.3.2.5 Checking Out the Digital Functions ……………………… 4-13
5 Engineering Drawings and Schematics
Appendix A Command Protocol
Appendix B Control Panel Functions
Appendix C I/O Panel

Specifications Rev.-
MODEL M1086NT-2K SPECIFICATIONS

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Dimensions MP1086: 17.6"W x 23.25"H x 8.5"D
Dimensions 1086NT: 17.6"W x 19.3"H x 6.7"D
Weight MP1086: 55lbs. 1086NT: 50 lbs.

Heat sensitive thermal paper or high grade plastic film -
Media
23dB Dynamic range.
Media Length Paper: 150' / 45.72 meters Film: 130' / 39.62 meters
Temperature 0ο to 65οC - Operating, -28ο to 65οC - Storage.
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
HARDWARE
Host Processor Pentium Class, 133 MHz or Higher.

CPU Bus PC/104.
Control Panel Sealed membrane type, software defined.
Displays Twin 2x40 LCD displays with LED back lights.
POWER
Logic = 65 Watts, Printhead = 200 Watt, Auto-ranging
Power Supply
85-120VAC and 264-280VAC, 47-63Hz.
Power Consumption 70 Watts non-printing. 130 Watts peak.
PRINTING
Gray Levels Selectable: 8, 16, 32, 64 levels.

Printhead 2048 pixels @ 203 DPI.
Chart Speeds Fixed 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 240, 300 LPI.
Chart Speeds Variable 2-10 knots, Requires GPS input with $GPRMC.
i
ANALOG INTERFACE
-10V to 10V SIGNAL BNC inputs. 2K ohm Input

Dual Signal Input
Impedance.
External Trigger Input TTL EXT TRIG BNC input with slope sense.
TTL KEY OUT BNC with polarity selection.

Internal Key Output
256us pulse width.
Independently controlled for each channel.
Gain, Threshold, Polarity
Min input signal 500 mV.
Time Varied Gain Selects one of 100 logarithmic gain curves.
HIGH Pass: 40 to 1000 Hz

Band Pass Filtering
LOW Pass: 1.0kHz to 25 kHz. 4.0kHz
Scan .005 to 10secs, 1ms resolution.
Key .010 to 10secs, 1ms resolution.
Delay 0.000 to 8secs, 1ms resolution.

PARALLEL
INTERFACE
Interconnect 25 Pin Sub D, Metal shell.
Data Input 8 Bit Centronics Compatible, 2048 bytes per raster line.
Low Active host /STB on Pin 1.

Low Active printer /ACK on Pin 10.
Handshake High Active printer BUSY on Pin 11.
Busy cycles on end of line (2048 bytes).
/ACK cycles on every /STB.
Bandwidth Burst Rate: >1MHz. Sustained: Based on gray levels
COMMAND
INTERFACE
QWERTY Keyboard PS/2 Jack for commands and annotation.
9 Pin Sub D, RS-232 For commands and GPS.
ii
Pin Out of Centronics 25-Pin ‘D’ Connector
Pin # Signal Description
1 /STROBE Terminated by a 500Ω resistor to +5V.

2 D0 Terminated by a 10kΩ resistor to +5V.
10 /ACK Terminated by a 1kΩ resistor to +5V.
11 BUSY Terminated by a 1kΩ resistor to +5V.
12 PAPER Terminated by a 1kΩ resistor to +5V.
13 SELECT Terminated by a 1kΩ resistor to +5V.
14 /AUTO LF Not terminated.

15 /ERROR Terminated by a 1kΩ resistor to +5V.
16 /INIT Terminated by a 1kΩ resistor to +5V.
17 /SELECT IN Not Terminated.
18 – 25 GROUND
iii
Pin Out of RS-232 9-Pin ‘D’ Connector:
Pin # Signal Description
1 DCD Data Carrier Detect.
2 RX Receive Data.
3 TX Transmit Data.
4 DTR Data Terminal Ready.
5 GND Signal Ground.
6 DSR Data Set Ready.
7 RTS Request To Send.
8 CTS Clear To Send.
9 RI Ring Indicator.
iv
Chapter – 1 Getting Started Rev.-
CHAPTER ONE - GETTING STARTED
1.0 GENERAL:
This is the EPC Model 1086NT-2K Thermal Graphic Recorder or TGR for short.
The 1086 has become an industry-standard paper recorder for analog and digital
sonar data – interfaced to virtually every major acquisition system in the
oceanographic community. The recorder is simple to use, almost all of the
features are similar to the popular 1086NT. The 1086NT-2K has features like
band pass filtering and time varied gain. The system is supplied with analog,
network, parallel and RS232 interfaces. Please take a few moments to read
through this section. If you have used analog and/or digital gray scale recorders
in the past, there is enough information here to get started on a typical
application.
1.1 CONTROLS AND FEATURES:
All functions of the 1086 recorder are implemented by any of three input
methods:
• The Control Panel (sometimes referred to as the User Interface)

• The Keyboard Interface
• The RS-232 Command Interface
1.1.1 CONTROL PANEL:
The Control Panel on the 1086 is

comprised of two Liquid Crystal Displays
(LCDs) and a series of membrane switches or “soft keys”. The majority of the
switches are positioned around the LCD displays such that the function that is
visible on an LCD can be changed by pressing the switch nearest to it (left/right).
The arrow keys to the left of each display scroll the entire menu to the next group
of functions (up/down). Each LCD has function groups and each function group
consists of separate control items. Items that are likely to be changed frequently
(CONTRAST, SCAN RATE, etc.) are located on the right LCD. There is also a
row of fixed functions silk-screened on the buttons along the top edge of the
panel. The functions of these keys are self-explanatory. Some of the buttons
are used, and some of them are reserved for later use. It is not necessary to
have a function visible on a LCD to modify its setting. The setting can be
changed at any time by one of the other input methods.
1-1
1.1.2 KEYBOARD INTERFACE:
EPC Labs has some advice. Learn the command set and use the
keyboard interface. This method of changing functions is much easier
and less intrusive to data collection than using the Control Panel.
Keystrokes from the QWERTY compatible keyboard are buffered via an interrupt
driven process to the microprocessor. While the keystrokes are being buffered,
data collection continues normally. When the [ENTER] key is pressed to
terminate and send the command, the function is implemented with minimal
effect on printing. The Control Panel is read by a process called polling -- which
is much less efficient than the interrupt service routine. When you hold a panel
switch down, the processor dedicates itself to just that function and all printing
stops (until the switch is released). This is particularly
problematic when changing analog scales – you may
need to scroll from 125 ms to 250 ms which will take a
few seconds. The easier method would be to type in
the following command:
SCN 250 [ENTER]
While you are typing, the characters will appear on the right LCD. If you make a
mistake, you can use the BACKSPACE key to correct it. After correctly entering
the string and pressing the [ENTER] key, you may hear a very slight hesitation,
this is normal. All recorder functions can be implemented in this manner. Make
sure there is at least one space between the Mnemonic and the Argument. The
general format is as follows:
Mnemonic Argument [ENTER]
“Mneomic” is a three-letter function identifier (SCAN RATE in the previous

example) and ”Argument” is the new setting. The entire command set can be
found in Appendix A.
1.1.3 SERIAL COMMAND INTERFACE:
The entire command set can also be implemented over the 1086’s
Serial Interface. The Serial Interface is usually of the RS-232
variety and can be driven using a three wire, null-modem cable
connected to a PC or other serial equipment. On a standard 9-Pin
to 9-Pin system, the cable should connect Pin 5 to Pin 5 (ground), Pin 3 to Pin 2
(Rx to Tx), and Pin 2 to Pin 3 (Tx to Rx). Make sure the BAUD RATE on the two
systems match (115200 for best performance). BAUD RATE on the 1086 can be
set from the left LCD on the Control Panel.
1-2
Commands are sent in identical fashion from the Keyboard. The three-letter
identifier and any subsequent argument strings are separated by a single blank
space (20 Hex, 32 Decimal, ‘ ‘ ASCII). The last argument is immediately
terminated (with the <ENTER> key) by a Carriage Return / Line Feed pair of
characters (0D/0A Hex, 13/10 Decimal, <CR/LF> ASCII). For example, to print
an alphanumeric message on top of some data that is being printed, you could
write the following character string to your computers COM Port:
MES HELLO WORLD, THIS IS A TEXT STRING<CR/LF>
The string “HELLO WORLD, THIS IS A TEXT STRING” would then print out on
the record, complete with spaces, commas, and all other printable characters.
1.1.4 ANALOG DATA:
The Analog Interface is discussed in greater detail in chapter 3. If you

are not familiar with analog concepts, you should study that chapter.
The 1086 is capable of scanning in analog data and presenting it

in a variable scale from five milliseconds to ten seconds with one
millisecond resolution. Each scan cycle is started by an Internal or External
synchronization pulse. This Key Pulse must be TTL in nature (positive or
negative going). In Internal Trigger mode, the period of the Key Pulse is
determined by the setting of KEY RATE on the right LCD. An independent Delay
function is implemented in a similar manner to offset the start of the sweep from
the initial Key Pulse (Time Zero or T0). Clearly labeled controls on the Interface
Panel of the unit control the Gain (Amplitude), Threshold (DC Offset), and
Polarity (Gates A/C components of signal) of the incoming signal. Presentation
is Single Channel (A Channel = 100% of record width) or Dual Channel (A and B
are 50/50%) with independent Sweep Direction controls. The time bases (Scan,
Key, and Delay) are common to both channels.
1.1.5 DIGITAL DATA:
Like the Analog Interface, the 1086’s digital concepts are presented
more comprehensively in chapter 3. This paragraph is for those who
have strong computer knowledge.
Digital Data can be sent from a Host source to the printer (Target) as a
stream of binary values, using a straight through one-to-one cable.
Each byte of data sent corresponds to a pixel on the printhead – there
are no headers, escape sequences, terminators, or synch bytes. A
stream of 2048 bytes must be sent for each line. A byte value of 0x00
corresponds to a white dot, The DATA TYPE function on the Control
Panel determines what value is used for a black dot. By setting DATA
TYPE to 8 BIT, the input range is selected from 0 to 255 (0xFF).
1-3
In this case, sending 2048 bytes all of the value 0x7F (127d) would cause a
single solid line to be printed with an intensity of 50% of full scale (mid-level
gray).
The data can be sent over a Centronics compatible 8-Bit connection or over a
null modem RS-232 connection, as discussed in paragraph 1.1.3. To select one
or the other, simply choose “PARALLEL” or “COM1” from the DATA INPUT
function on the Control Panel. If you choose COM1, you will not be able to
simultaneously send commands and image data, only image data.
Here is a program, written in C, for generating a gray scale ramp over the
Parallel Interface on a standard PC:
//---------------------------- headers -------------------------------------------------------

#include <dos.h>
#include <bios.h>
#include <stdio.h>
//--------------------------- prototypes ----------------------------------------------------
void main(void);
void send_byte(unsigned char b);
//--------------------------- globals ---------------------------------------------------------
unsigned char pbuff[2048];
//-------------------------- code -------------------------------------------------------------
void main(void)
{
int ctr, shd=0;
for(ctr=0; ctr<2048; ctr++){

pbuff[ctr]=shd;
if((++shd) >255)
shd=0;
}
while(!kbhit()){
for(ctr=0; ctr<2048; ctr++)
send_byte(pbuff[ctr]);
}
return;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-4
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void send_byte(unsigned char b) // primary low-level i/o routine
{
outp(0x378, b); // put data byte on DATA PORT
while(!(inp(0x379)&0x80)); // loop on BUSY signal until clear
outp(0x37A, 0x0D); // drive strobe line low active
outp(0x37A, 0x0C); // return strobe line idle high
return;
}
//----------------------- end of program -----------------------------------------------------------
With the exception of the BIOS call on kbhit(), this program is very efficient and
fast. You can use the send_byte() logic in your own code – be sure the port
addresses are accurate. The example is for a generic PC. EPC does not
recommend using the Serial Port for sending image data. Not only do you lose
the ability to send serial commands (like navigation messages), the transmission
tends to be rather slow. At the fastest speed of 115000 Baud, the throughput is
only about five lines per second. A properly written parallel printer driver can
achieve line rates of over 60 lines per second.
1.2 A SAMPLE SESSION:
The following paragraphs provide the simple sequence of events required to print
data.
1.2.1 TGR PREPARTION:
Situate the recorder on a clean, stable platform and connect to a 100 –120 VAC
or 200 - 240 VAC power source. Make interface connections by either
connecting the appropriate analog BNC cables or a parallel 25 Pin one to one
cable from computer to recorder. Make sure the host system is not
attempting to send data.
1.2.2 LOAD PAPER:
Load only EPC qualified paper. First, open the Print Roller Assembly by sliding
the Side Latches to the right and then lifting the two black handles away from the
Printhead. The latches are normally locked in place by two silver colored
plungers – one is located just above the CHANNEL A GAIN control, the other is
just below the second set of arrow keys on the left LCD (fig 1-1). Pull the two
plungers straight out to slide the Side Latches to the right. Once the Print Roller
Assembly is pivoted open, you will see the paper feed area (fig 1-2). Snap the
roll of media (paper or film) into to two blocks on either side of the chamber. The
paper should feed such that the outside surface of the paper rests against the
Printhead (fig 1-3). With the paper properly positioned, close and secure the
Print Roller Assembly. Next, roll the Pinch Roller Cams to the right, opening a
1-5
space between the Drive Roller and Pinch Roller (1-4). Thread the paper
through this space and then close BOTH Pinch Roller Cams.
FIGURE 1-1
FIGURE 1-2
FIGURE 1-3 FIGURE 1-4
1.2.3 POWER-UP:
Make sure the Recorder is plugged into a AC power

source that supplies either 100 –120 VAC or 200 – 240
VAC @ 47-63Hz. After switching the 1086’s line power
ON, the Microprocessor will go through its boot
sequence. During this sequence, listen for a single
beep and watch the LCDs. If there is a problem with
some of the internal circuitry, the recorder will attempt to
report what is wrong. If there is nothing wrong, the
machine will become operational with menus displayed
after about 90 seconds.
1.2.4 CHECK PAPER FEED:
Now that the paper is threaded properly and the unit is under power,
check the chart advance by pressing the RAPID button on the upper
1-6
right-hand side of the Control Panel. The paper should advance.

Press the RAPID key again to stop the chart drive. This is a critical test
that should be performed every time the unit is turned on. A malfunctioning chart
drive can destroy the printhead, rollers, and gears.
1.2.5 SECURE TAKE-UP REEL:
If you plan on printing any significant amount of data, you will want to fasten
the paper to a take-up core. For the Take-up Reel to wind properly, the end
of the chart must be trimmed evenly and secured carefully to the core. Using
the stainless-steel roller as a guide, trim the paper in a straight line with a
sharp instrument (fig 1-5). Snap a core into the chamber, making sure that the
teeth on the aluminum paper block (top) are grabbing into the small notches on
the core’s white end plug. Next, toggle the RAPID key on and off to carefully
feed paper out to the core. The paper should run under the core, around, and
just over the top – a small amount of core should still be visible. Use three
equally spaced pieces of scotch tape to secure the paper to the core (fig 1-6).
After making sure that the edges of the paper are equidistant from the white end
plugs, press the TAKE-UP key to enable the Take-up Motor. The paper should
become taught, but not rip off the core. Test the setup by pressing the RAPID
key again, the chart should move smoothly and take-up evenly. Careful
preparation on this step will insure no take-up problems during data collection.
FIGURE 1-5 FIGURE 1-6
1-7
1.2.6 CHECK TEST PATTERN:
Like checking the Chart Drive, inspecting the Test Pattern is a critical
power-up procedure. This simple step insures that the majority of the
sub-systems in the recorder are working properly.
Assuming that the feed roll has been properly loaded and the chart drive has
been checked, the 1086’s Internal Test Pattern can now be printed. Press the
TEST button. Depending on how the SHADES and CONTRAST functions are
set, you should see a gray level ramp being printed (fig 1-7). While the Test
Pattern is printing, adjust CONTRAST and SHADES to your liking. You can also
change the Lines Per Inch (LPI) setting to adjust line spacing. Press TEST again
to stop the pattern. If there are any dropouts in the Test Pattern, refer to the
Troubleshooting section of this manual (4.2.1).
FIGURE 1-7
1.2.7 PRINT SOME DATA:
Set the DATA INPUT field on the left LCD to the PARALLEL or ANALOG
(whichever source you are using). Next, you will want to run through every single
menu, configuring those items germane to your application. Following is Table 1-
1, showing how to configure each item for each application:
1-8
TABLE 1-1 SAMPLE SETTINGS
SETTING SET TO DATA LCD REMARKS
TIME NOW G L TIME OF DAY

DATE TODAY G L CURRENT DATE
SAVE TO CONFIG_1 G L SAVE SETTINGS TO FILE
SETTINGS CONFIG_1 G L LOADED CONFIGURATION
TRIGGER INT/EXT A L INT=MASTER, EXT=SLAVE
TRG SLOPE RISE/FALL A L POLARITY OF EXT TRIGGER
KEY OUT POS/NEG A L POLARITY OF INT KEY OUT
FIX # 0 G L SEQUENTIAL FIX NUMBRNG
SHADES 16 G L GRAY LEVELS IN IMAGE
MEDIA FILM G L PAPER OR PLASTIC FILM
STACKING OFF G L DISABLE LINE AVERAGING
SCL LINES OFF G L DISABLE SCALE LINES
DATA INPUT PAR/ANLG G L INTERFACE SELECTION
BAUD 115200 S L SERIAL PORT Rx SPEED
SWEEP A FORWARD G L PRINT DIRECTION A CHAN
SWEEP B FORWARD G L PRINT DIRECTION B CHAN
DATA FILE DEFAULT F L SETS DATAFILE FOR REC/PLAY
PLAY/REC OFF F L TURNS ON PLAYBACK OR RECORD
AUTO ANNOT OFF F L ENABLES AUTOMATIC
ANNOTATION
RECORD REC # F L INDICATES CURRENT LINE
NUMBER FOR DAQ
CONTRAST 0 G R DARKNESS/INTENSITY
LPI 200 G R LINE SPACING
EVENT SOLID G R VERTICAL GRID LN TYPE
WIDTH 2048 D R DIGITAL SYNCH COUNT
BP FILTERS OFF A R ANALOG FILTERS ON/OFF
LOW PASS 12.0 kHz A R HIGH FREQ CUTOFF
HIGH PASS 83 Hz A R LOW FREQ CUT OFF
TVG OFF A R TIME VARIED GAIN
SIGNAL SINGLE A R DUAL OR SINGLE CHANNEL
KEY RATE 0.125 A R ANALOG SYNCH RATE
SCAN RATE 0.100 A R ANALONG DISPLAY WIDTH
DELAY 0.000 A R T0 TO SWEEP OFFSET
AUTOEVENT OFF G R AUTOMATIC EVENT LINES
AUTOMESG OFF G R AUTOMATIC ANNOTATION
DATA TYPE 8 BIT D R DIGITAL INPUT RANGE
REPEAT LN 1 G R PRINT DATA x TIMES
MESSAGE TIME G R ANNOTATION ON RECORD
MARGIN 0.00 G R LOCATION OF ANNOTATION
CHAR SIZE 2 G R FONT SIZE OF ANNOTATION
BACKGROUND WINDOW G R APPEARANCE OF ANNOT.
D=DIGITAL S=SERIAL A=ANALOG F=FILE G=GENERAL R=RIGHT L=LEFT N/A=NOT APPLICABLE
*some settings may not be implemented yet.
1-9
1.2.7.1 PRINTING ANALOG DATA
If you wish to print analog data, make sure DATA INPUT is set to
ANALOG and all other functions are set in accordance with the
Table 1-1. If the host analog source is providing the Key Pulse,
set the 1086 TRIGGER to EXTERNAL and make sure there is a
connection between KEY OUT on the host to TRIG IN on the 1086.
Conversely, if the 1086 is the master, connect the KEY OUT

on the 1086 to the TRIGGER (or SYNCH) INPUT on the host and
make sure the 1086 TRIGGER is set to INTERNAL. For EXTERNAL
TRIGGER mode, select RISING or FALLING for the appropriate
TRIG SLOPE; On INTERNAL TRIGGER, make sure the KEY OUT
polarity is set correctly. As the recorder is triggering, adjust SCAN,
KEY, DELAY, GAIN, THRESHOLD, and POLARITY to see what
happens.
If you have no analog source, you can actually print the 1086’s own
Key Pulse. Connect the KEY OUT jack to the SIGNAL A jack,
set the GAIN to 1.0, POLARITY to ‘+’, and THRESHOLD to mid-level.
Next, make sure the recorder is set to ANALOG, TRIGGER to INTERNAL,
SCAN RATE to 0.005, KEY RATE to 0.125, KEY OUT to POSITIVE,
and DELAY to 0.000. The 1086 should print a dark bar, about 5/16”
wide, along the top margin of the record (assuming SWEEP A = FORWARD).
The 5/16” bar is about 63 pixels out of 2048, or roughly 3% of the display width.
Since the SCAN RATE is set to 5 ms, we know that the width of the KEY PULSE
should be about 3% of that, or 156µS.
1.2.7.2 PRINTING PARALLEL DATA:
To print parallel digital data, configure the recorder in accordance with the
previous table and select PARALLEL for the DATA INPUT. Next, make
sure a proper cable connection already exists between the 1086 (see 1.1.5)
section and host computer. From the host computer, begin sending data to
the parallel port. If you do not have specific software for sending digital
images to the recorder, EPC has enclosed an evaluation version of the
Image Processing Utility (IPU) with this manual. Load this software onto a
Windows type PC and follow the on-screen prompts. If you need further
assistance with printer driver development, EPC offers a Developer’s
Toolkit and many assorted software utilities on its web page at
URL: http://www.epclabs.com
or can be contacted by electronic mail:
E-mail: mikec@epclabs.com
1-10
1.3 NETWORK CONFIGURATION:
To use the networking features, you must have a

keyboard and monitor connected to the system for
configuration. Refer to Chapter 3 for specific details
regarding the use of network protocol.
1-11
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1-12
Chapter – 2 System Overview Rev -
CHAPTER TWO – SYSTEM OVERVIEW
2.0 GENERAL:
The following paragraphs will describe, in detail, the systems of the 1086NT-2K
and offer a comprehensive discussion on data collections and thermal printing.
2.1 MECHANICAL FRAME:
EPC Labs designs all of its equipment to withstand the harsh environments
commonly found in aircraft, ships, and other demanding applications. The
framework of the 1086NT-2K is constructed with ¼” aluminum plate that is
machined to extremely demanding tolerances (+/- 5/10000th of an inch in some
cases). To resist corrosion, most metal parts are hard anodized to a smooth
black finish or undergo a chemical chromate plating process. The heavy gage
metal and strict tolerances insure that the printing and paper transport
mechanisms maintain accurate registration over long periods of time in varied
conditions.
2.2 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS:
There are a number of electronic sub-systems in the 1086NT-2K. This section

will describe the function of each circuit board, power supply, sensor, switch and
connector.
2.2.1 POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD

(EPC PN:802744):
The Power Distribution Board receives both

+5 volts and +24volts from the main power
supply and redistributes the DC power
2-1
throughout the recorder. In addition, the Power Distribution Board has two DC-
DC converters (+12 Volts/-12 Volts) as well as a -5 Volt regulator.
2.2.2 MICROPROCESSOR BOARD (EPC PN: 802771):
All operation of the 1086NT-2K is governed by and

carried out on the 80x86 processor board (µP Board for
short). The Microprocessor Board is a powerful Single
Board Computer (SBC) with a rich set of onboard
peripheral components. Some of the onboard
peripherals (IDE interface, Floppy Controller, Parallel
Printer I/O) may not be utilized. Other components of the
single board computer (RS-232, Keyboard I/O, and Disk
on Chip) are essential. The User Interface, I/O Boards,
and error sensors are monitored and/or controlled by an
embedded program that is loaded into system memory
after boot-up. The program sits in an endless loop,
reading the interfaces for input stimuli, i.e. the arrival of data or some sort of user
input. When an event occurs, the program will branch off and take the
appropriate action to deal with that stimulus. If you connect a monitor and
keyboard, you are able to watch and, if desired, interrupt the boot-up process.
2.2.3 DIGITAL I/O BOARD (EPC PN: 802707):
The Digital I/O Board is responsible for all of the

internal digital input and output operations that go
on in the recorder. This board has nothing to do
with digital data acquisition. The purpose of this
board is to interface with the control panel. This
PCB must be located at the top of the PC-104
stack.
2.2.4 ANALOG DIGITIZER INTERFACE BOARD (EPC PN: 802630):
The analog data interface of the 1086NT-2K is

implemented on the EPC Analog Digitizer Board.
The other connector (40 pins) interfaces to the
BNC jacks, Gain controls, Threshold controls, and
Polarity switches. Discrete circuitry on the board is
used to amplify, rectify, and filter incoming analog
data. Digital components provide key pulse timing,
analog-to-digital scan clocks, data buffering, and
filter frequency programming.
2-2
2.2.5 PRINTHEAD CONTROLLER (802534):
The Printhead Controller, like the Analog Board,

is manufactured by EPC Labs. Its primary
function is to drive the Thermal Printhead and
carry out the advanced logic required to print
gray scale data. In addition to the bus interface
circuitry (gates and buffers) the Controller uses
a 208 pin programmable array for loading the
printhead, counting the shade cycles, and
modulating the enable pulses that actually turn
the pixels on. There is also and on-board comparator used for sensing the
temperature of the printhead. The Printhead Controller is mounted to the cross
riser, closest to the Printhead.
2.2.6 SYSTEM CONTROLLER (EPC PN:

802775):
The System Controller has a number of

functions.
a) Generate chart clocks for the chart motor.
b) Interconnects the LCD displays and supplies
the back light power.
c) Contrast control
d) Interconnection for the external event mark
e) Interface with the Digital I/O on the
Microprocessor.
2.2.7 THERMAL PRINTHEAD (EPC PN: 222151):
The one-step thermal printing process is accomplished by the Thermal

Printhead. The Printhead is comprised of an aluminum mounting plate, some
drive circuitry (shift registers, latches, etc), a ceramic substrate, and an array of
2048 individual heater elements (resistors). The elements, called pixels, are
spaced at 203 dots per inch (8 dots/mm) across a 10.08” (256 mm) active print
width. Vertical alignment of the pixels is within a 4/10,000th of an inch. Each
resistive element consumes a nominal 0.4 watts and the average impedance is
between 1320Ω and 1520Ω.
2-3
2.3 POWER SYSTEM
The power system consists of three main components.

1) Power Entry Module - (Line Filter Assembly (EPC PN: 802752)
2) Main Power Supply (EPC PN: 400431)
3) Power Distribution Board (EPC PN: 802744)
2.3.1 LINE INPUT MODULE (EPC PN: 802752):
Serving as the entry point for system power, the Line Input
Module has three major functions. First, it provides the
interconnections to a suitable AC source (100-120 or 220-
240VAC, 50-60 Hz). Second, the module’s three-amp fuse
protects against over-current situations. Finally, the
ON/OFF switch for the recorder is located on the Module.
Caution: Connecting the 1086NT-2K to unsuitable AC

line source may cause severe damage to the unit and/or serious injury to
personnel.
2.3.2 MAIN SUPPLY (EPC PN: 400431):
The Main power supply has receives the universal AC input (85-264 VAC) and
converts the power to three DC outputs (+5 VDC, +24 VDC high current
printhead voltage, +24 VDC lower current logic voltage).
2.3.3 POWER DISTRIBUTION BOARD (EPC PN:802744):
Discussed briefly earlier in this chapter (sec 2.2.1), the power distribution board
will accept the input DC voltage from the low current +24 volt power output and
then convert the voltage to +12VDC, -12VDC and -5VDC. In addition the Power
Distribution Board has additional interconnects for +5 volt power.
2-4
Figure 2-1
2.4 PAPER TRANSPORT SYSTEM:
The chart drive mechanism in the 1086NT-2K is comprised of several

components – all of which are discussed in the following paragraphs.
2.4.1 FEED ROLL MAGAZINE:
The Feed Roll Magazine, or Paper Feed Chamber, is located on the left-hand
side of the machine (adjacent to the Printhead). A roll of 1086NT-2K media is
generally about 2.5 inches in diameter (130-150 ft. in length) and fits easily in this
cavity. If necessary, larger rolls could be accommodated. For instructions on
how to load paper, please refer to paragraph 1.2.2 in the previous chapter.
2.4.2 PAPER FEED BLOCKS:
Two black Delrin blocks hold the Feed Roll secure in the Paper Feed
Chamber. Each block has a set-screw located where the white
end plug on the paper core snaps into place. The set-screws are
used to adjust the tension on the roll so it does not vibrate during
operation. Vibration can cause the roll to unravel slightly, which in
turn, causes the paper to walk to one side or the other. Because the
blocks are made out of plastic, never ship the recorder with a roll of
paper installed. Shipping the recorder with paper loaded can cause damage to
the blocks.
2-5
2.4.3 PRINT ROLLER ASSEMBLY:
The Print Roller Assembly has three main functions. First, it encloses the Feed
Roll in its chamber. Second, the metal plate on top of the assembly (called the
Feed Roll Cover) provides a smooth surface for the paper to travel
across. The aluminum plate is also an ideal table for writing
on a printed record. Last, and most importantly, the
mechanism is responsible for holding the Print Roller
(platen) against the Printhead. This calculated fit presses
the paper against the element line of the head in a precise
manner for printing.
2.4.4 VIEW PANEL:
The View Panel is merely a continuation of the Feed Roll Cover. It is a sturdy
electro-coated plate that covers the Electronics Chamber and provides a smooth
stable surface for the paper to move across.
2.4.5 PINCH & DRIVE ROLLERS:
A pair of rollers, one stainless steel and one urethane-coated, are located
between the View Panel and the Take-up Chamber. These two rollers are called
the Pinch Roller (stainless) and Drive Roller (urethane) and are responsible for
pulling the paper across the viewing area. The Pinch Roller is held against the
Drive Roller under strong spring tension and “pinches” the paper between the
two rollers. As discussed in the previous chapter, the Pinch Roller Cams can be
used to pull the Pinch Roller away from the Drive Roller so that paper may be
threaded between the two. The urethane-coated Drive Roller connects to a
Stainless Steel Gear Train.
2.4.6 STAINLESS STEEL GEAR TRAIN:
Due to the large amount of torque required to accurately step the

paper at high rates of speed, the 1086NT-2k uses a series of
reduction gears connected to the Drive Roller. EPC has found that
stainless steel is the best material for the gear cluster. The Gear Train
is located underneath the Control Panel.
2.4.7 STEPPER MOTOR (EPC PN: 350001):
The Stepper Motor is mounted to the aluminum side riser, just

under the Control Panel. The motor is driven in full copper mode
(all four phases are driven with commons to each pair) by the 24
volt power supply. Full step resolution is 1.8° or 200 steps for
one full revolution. The Chart Module used to control the Motor
2-6
is capable of ½ step operation for finer increments.
2.4.8 TAKE-UP MOTOR (EPC PN 802789):
A 12 VDC Take-up Motor is mounted to side riser, underneath the Control Panel.
The motor is used to turn a hub which attaches to the Take-up Core. Power
leads from the motor connect to a power transistor circuit on the Motor Drive PC.
This transistor circuit is then enabled or disabled by an I/O bit from the Digital I/O
Board.
2.4.9 TAKE-UP BLOCKS:
There are two different support blocks used to secure the Take-up Core into the
Take-up Chamber. The support on the Control Panel side of the machine is
donut-shaped and has two spring plungers protruding into the cavity that the end
plug of the core snaps into. The two plungers are there to positively grab the
core by the two small slots in the end plug. This mechanism allows the Take-up
Motor to spin the Take-up Core. The other Paper Take-up Block is identical to
the Paper Feed Blocks. It allows the core to spin in place without grabbing hold
of it.
2.4.10 TAKE-UP CHAMBER:
The Take-up Chamber is located at the opposite end of the recorder from the
Paper Feed Chamber (Feed Roll Magazine). The cavity is spacious enough to
wind a complete roll of paper even though the roll will not be as small and tight as
the original feed roll.
2.5 ERROR SENSORS (INTERLOCKS):
The 1086NT-2K has several safety

interlocks to prevent damage to the unit
in the event of an illegal operating
condition. The sensors are detailed in
Out of Paper Sensor Reflector
the following sections.
2-7
2.5.1 PRINTHEAD NOT ENGAGED SWITCH:
Located just above the upper Paper Feed Block, the Not Engaged Switch
connects to the system I/O Board via the System Controller. When this switch is
open, an error message will appear on the right LCD and the machine will not
operate. The interlock is an attempt to insure that no printing takes place when
paper is not properly loaded.
2.5.2 PAPER OUT SENSOR:
The Paper Out Sensor is mounted to a bracket in the lower

region of the Paper Feed Chamber. This device is an optical
device that is activated by a reflector mounted on the underside of
the Print Roller Carriage. When all paper has been discharged, a beam from the
sensor bounces off the reflector and back to the sensor’s pickup. In this event,
an error message is displayed and the machine becomes inoperative. The
interlock is an attempt to insure that no printing takes place when paper is not
properly loaded.
2.5.3 PRINTHEAD THERMISTOR:
Read by a comparator on Printhead Controller, the Printhead Thermistor relays

temperature information to the embedded program. Once the temperature of the
Printhead exceeds approx. 150° Fahrenheit, the mach ine will stop operating until
it cools sufficiently. During the cooling period it is a good idea to shut the
recorder off and move it to a well-ventilated area.
2.6 CONTROL PANEL EPC PN: (802787):
The Control Panel is the main user interface for the recorder. There are many
operational options available to the operator. Please see Appendix B for a list of
Control Panel Options
2-8
2.7 I/O PANEL (EPC PN: 802770):
The I/O PANEL is the place where both the power and signal interfaces are
connected. (See Appendix C)
2-9
2-10
Chapter – 3 Theory of Operation Rev.-
CHAPTER THREE – THEORY OF OPERATION
3.0 GENERAL:
This chapter gives a very detailed account of what goes on during analog and
parallel data acquisition, line buffering, data formatting, and thermal printing.
3.1 ANALOG DATA ACQUISITION:
The 1086 can be connected to a variety of Side Scan Sonar systems and Sub-
bottom Profilers. The purpose of the host sonar system is to provide the
electronics, drive circuitry, and electro-mechanical components that generate an
acoustic impulse in the water. The impulse reflects off of objects either on top of
the sea floor or underneath it. Many of these reflections return to the source of
the impulse where they can be measured by a sensitive device called a
hydrophone. Impulses that reflect off of hard objects will cause the hydrophone
to create stronger analog signals while reflections from soft objects generate
weaker returns. The varying analog signals are then digitized and printed by the
1086. This whole sequence of events, called a sweep or a line scan, is based on
repetitive synchronization pulses that trigger the sonar and recorder.
3.2 TRIGGER CHARACTERISTICS:
Generally, analog sonars are used as synchronous devices. The impulse that
occurs in the water is the result of a trigger pulse being generated at a set rate.
The rate is dependent on many factors, such as, how fast the device can actually
be triggered, the distance the impulse has to travel, and the speed of the vessel.
This trigger pulse, often called a key pulse, represents “time zero” of the impulse
– the baseline after which all events occurring during the pulse period are
measured. The key pulse can be generated by either the recorder or the sonar
system. When the recorder is used to trigger the sonar (recorder “KEY OUT” to
sonar “TRIGGER IN”), the recorder is said to be the “master” and the sonar is the
“slave”. Exactly the opposite holds true for when the sonar system is used to
trigger the recorder.
3.2.1 INTERNAL TRIGGER MODE:
When the 1086 is set to Internal Trigger (1086 is master), it will produce a pulse
on its KEY OUT connector at the rate specified in the KEY RATE field. The
pulse is 256 µS in width, TTL. The polarity of the pulse is selectable in the KEY
POL field.
3-1
3.2.2 EXTERNAL TRIGGER MODE:
In External Trigger (1086 is slave), the recorder waits to receive a TTL trigger
pulse to initiate a line scan sequence. The pulse can be positive or negative
going – there is a slope selection under the TRG SLOPE field. It is important to
understand the nature of the sonar’s key pulse when operating in this mode. If
the host pulse is very long, several milliseconds, and the slope field is not set
correctly, the recording of the signal will actually be delayed by the length of the
key pulse. In shallow water applications this could represent a significant error in
the scale of the record.
3.3 ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING:
The sonar’s analog output is brought to the 1086 through one or both of the
signal input jacks on the front of the machine. These inputs have a 2kΩ
impedance and can print signals from –10 to 10V. Input bandwidth is –3dB when
Vin is a one-volt peak-to-peak, 200kHz sine wave. * In addition to the input
resistor, each signal input is protected by clamping diodes.
3.3.1 INPUT AMPLIFIER / PRIMARY GAIN STAGE:
The first and primary gain stage is linear and occurs at the signal input. The
circuit is based on an adjustable 20kΩ potentiometer loop around the 2kΩ input
resistor and op-amp. This network gives the 10-turn GAIN Controls a range of 0-
10 with extremely fine resolution.
3.3.2 BANDPASS FILTERS:
Low and mid frequency (0-12kHz) sonar signals are commonly affected by
undesirable electrical noise emanating from generators, cabling, and other
shipboard equipment. For this reason, the 1086 has a Bandpass Filter available
on Channel A (ostensibly for sub-bottom data). There are a pair of switched-
capacitor filters (MF10) that are used in tandem to form a high pass cutoff
frequency and a low pass cutoff frequency. The cutoff frequency for each filter is
a derivative of a base oscillator input. The Low Pass Filter passes any signal
with a frequency that is less than 1/50th of its base clock. The High Pass Filter is
configured to pass any frequency greater than 1/100th of its base clock. The
oscillator input for each of the two filters is derived from two separate, digitally
programmable oscillators. Changing the Low Pass or High Pass setting on the
panel causes different control codes to be sent to the programmable oscillators,
thus changing the base input frequency for the corresponding filter. These filters
are only used together to set up a distinct pass-band. They cannot be used
independently to set an open-ended band. As the input frequency approaches
either of the frequencies visible on the control panel, it will attenuate about 3 dB,
3-2
and then drop rapidly to nothing as the frequency goes beyond the cutoff. Either
Filter control can be used to disable the Bandpass function by setting the control
to the lower limit. This action bypasses the filter circuit by means of a SPDT
analog switch (MAX333). Note: When using the filters, the input signal (at
the BNC) should be no greater than one volt, peak-to-peak. In all
likelihood, the Gain Potentiometers will be set to a high value (9-10) and the
secondary digital gain setting (on the LCD) will be 2.000 or greater. This is
a limitation on the voltage rails of the MF10 (+/-5V) and the fact that the A/D
converter’s rails are +/-10V.
3.4 DIGITIZATION & DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING:
For every key pulse, the acoustic impulse is created, turned into an analog
signal, and then amplified and possibly filtered. The entire pre-digitization
process is designed to provide the 1086’s A/D Converter (AD7665) with a clean,
-10 to +10V signal. In general, A/D converters take an input voltage and, when
enabled (clocked), turn that voltage into a number. The act of clocking the
converter once is called taking a sample. By taking several samples over a
period of time, a series of numbers can be generated to represent the changing
amplitude of the signal over that period of time. The period is referred to as a
sweep or a scan. The 1086 takes 2048 samples during one scan – one sample
for each dot on the printhead. These values are 16 bit binary numbers in the
range from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF. The A/D converter is a bipolar converter that
uses a sign bit (bit 15) to determine if the input signal is negative going or
positive going. After a scan line of samples has been collected and stored, the
array is processed to apply the effects described below.
3.4.1 THRESHOLD PROCESSING:
Two independent Threshold controls are provided to add (or subtract) DC offset
to the digitized signal on either channel. This is useful to eliminate small
components of noise commonly found near signal ground. Once the digital
signal has been rectified (see polarity below), zero to 10% of full scale will be
subtracted from sample value depending on where the Threshold Control is set
(min to max).
3.4.2 SIGNAL POLARITY:
Many sonar signals, sub-bottom profilers in particular) are AC in nature. Some of

the sonic impulse forms positive voltages above ground and some of the impulse
forms negative voltages below ground. The A/D converter in the 1086 is bipolar
and can capture both sides of the waveform. The 1086’s internal software reads
the data off the A/D converter and determines which samples are negative
voltages and which samples are positive voltages. Then, based on the setting of
3-3
the channel’s polarity switch, the positive, the negative, or both sets of samples
are presented to the printhead for printing. Since the printhead controller works
with positive values only, negative going samples are simply rectified by taking
the absolute value of the given sample.
3.4.3 SECONDARY GAIN STAGE:
The 1086 has a secondary gain function that is applied to both channels after
digitization. The samples collected for a scan line are multiplied by the factor set
on the Control Panel LCD. This control is useful for taking weaker input signals
(less than two volts peak-to-peak) and ramping them up to a level where full-
scale density can still be seen on the chart. This reduces the overall bit-
resolution, or granularity, of the record, but allows the user to see the full range of
the input signal.
3.4.4 LINE STACKING:
Many analog based sonar systems are subject to noise as discussed in earlier
paragraphs. In addition to the analog bandpass filters, the 1086 offers a digital
method of filtering the data called stacking. Because this algorithm is applied to
the data after digitization, it will work in digital acquisition as well. Stacking is a
method of averaging whole lines against other whole lines of data. In a three-line
stack, each pixel in each successive line becomes part of a running average.
The average value of the last three dots is then printed for that pixel number
(column). The net result of this process tends to make strong signals more
pronounced and noise less pronounced. Strong returns usually occur in
repeatable trends whereas noise is random. A single dot of noise that is
averaged with two subsequent white dots becomes a very small, barely visible
dot. Conversely, several dots of legitimate signal return average together to
make a uniform, representative sample.
3.4.5 SLANT RANGE CORRECTION:
The M086NT-2K Series implements a real-time slant range correction feature.

The controls for this feature are grouped together on a common menu, on the
right LCD. The menu contains four controls that determine the mode and
sensitivity of the bottom-tracking algorithm. These functions are primarily used in
dual channel side scan applications.
3.4.5.1 SLANT RANGE CONTROL:
The SL RANGE control is used to enable first return tracking or range correction.
When set to BOTTOM TRK, the 1086 will draw a thin black line along the contour
of what it has determined is the first non-water reflection on each side scan
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channel. The operator can use this mode to see how well the other controls and
the algorithm are working for the given situation.
3.4.5.2 SLANT RANGE THRESHOLD:
The SL THRESH control sets a sensitivity value by which the algorithm qualifies
what is real data and what is water column or noise. The value is actually an
intensity level out of a possible 256 scale. As an example, if the value were set
to “10”, the algorithm will hunt from the beginning of the scan until it finds a
sequence of data that is greater in scale than 10/256 (3.9%).
3.4.5.3 SLANT RANGE DELAY:
Some sequences of data may make it difficult for the algorithm to determine an
actual starting point. The SL DELAY control allows the user to put in a fixed
offset (in pixels) from the zero line at which the 1086 will begin looking through
the scan data. All data prior to this point is ignored. To determine what the time
value of the delay actually is, divide the SCAN RATE by (SL DELAY / 1024).
When a delay is entered, the 1086 will draw a single pixel black line along the
location of the delay.
3.4.5.4 SLANT RANGE ACCURACY:
The last filter that can be applied in controlling the slant range algorithm is the SL
ACCURCY control. This control sets the number of pixels, out of 10, that must
be greater than the SL THRESH value to qualify a legitimate first sequence of
data.
3.4.5.5 ALGORITHM EXAMPLE:
Assume the following settings:
SL_RANGE = CORRECTED
SL_THRESH = 10
SL_DELAY = 100
SL_ACCURCY = 5
With these settings, the 1086 will attempt to correct side scan imagery for the
slant range compression error. The 1086 will begin examining each channel of
data from 100 pixels into the total scan of 1024 samples (about ½” on the
record). Starting at pixel 100, the algorithm will compare pixels 100-109 to see if
the intensity level is greater than 10 (out of 255 max). If the algorithm finds that
at least five of the 10 are greater than the threshold, it finds which of the 10 pixels
was first to break the threshold. This pixel number is used as the first return in
calculating the values required for an expansion table to stretch the remaining
3-5
data into the full, 1024 pixel width. If the algorithm does not find at least five
samples over the threshold, it moves to pixel 101 and executes the same
procedure.
3.4.5.6 DISPLAYING SONAR HEIGHT ABOVE TERRAIN:
When using the slant range correction control, it is difficult for an operator to
know exactly the height of the sonar above the terrain. For this reason, the
1086NT-2K implements several output methods to provide the user with
important feedback about first return data. By setting the MESSAGE control to
“FH:” while the SL RANGE control is enabled (BOTTOM TRK | CORRECTED),
the operator can see the calculated value (in meters) of the first return correlated
to the time scale.
3.4.5.7 CONFIGURING SONAR HEIGHT PARAMETERS:
The default settings for how sonar height data are relayed are stored at the end
of the ASCII configuration files (CONFIG_1.CFG, etc). The values can be
changed using the HAV, HOE, and HUI commands. The NED.EXE text editor
can also be used to view or edit the values that are found at the very end of each
CONFIG file. Currently, three pieces of information can be set:
HEIGHT ALARM VALUE (HAV): Floating point number at which the 1086
provides and audio alarm indicating the sonar is too close to the terrain. When
set to -1 the alarm is shut off. Ex: HAV 5.5 sets a height alarm for 5.5 meters.
HEIGHT OUTPUT ENABLE (HOE): Boolean value (1=on, 0=off) that enables or
disables the sending of ascii height data to a connected VGA Monitor AND the
serial port. The current baud rate is used. Ex. HOE 0 disables the sending of
height data to the monitor and com port. The FH: message preset is still
updated.
HEIGHT UPDATE INTERVAL (HUI): Integer value that sets the line interval at
which the output devices (com port, monitor, lcd) are updated. The control
allows the user to dictate how often connected devices must decode any height
data that is being transmitted. Ex. HUI 200 configures the 1086 to transmit the
height data to the com port, monitor, and FH: message (if displayed) every 200
lines.
After updating any of the HEIGHT commands, the user should press the SAVE
button on the Control Panel to save the values to the current CONFIG file.
3-6
3.5 DIGITIZER TIMING:
The following paragraphs describe how the timing of the A/D converter works
with regards to record scale, delayed sweeps, and triggering.
3.5.1 SCAN RATE:
As stated previously, a Scan sequence is initiated each time the sonar is

triggered. The Scan Rate is the period of time in which the 1086 collects the
2048 samples for the next printed line. Because the number of samples is fixed
at 2k, shorter scan periods will yield higher resolution data. Scan Rate is usually
a function of how far the acoustic impulse must travel to reflect back with useful
data. Fast scan rates are indicative of short range/shallow water applications.
3.5.2 CALCULATING RECORD SCALE:
Figuring out the appropriate scan rate for an application is the job of the operator
or scientist running the equipment. Still, EPC receives many calls inquiring about
this procedure. As a general rule of thumb, the distance or range on a record
can be calculated with the following formula:
D = S x (V/2)
Where: D = Distance
S = Scan Rate
V = Velocity of Sound in Water (approx. 4800 Feet / Second)
Ex. Single Channel Mode

Scan Rate = 0.100
Velocity = 4800 ft/s
D = 0.100 x (4800/2) 240 Feet
In the above example, the width of the entire record would correspond to 240
feet. The reason the V constant is divided by two, is because we are only
interested in the one-way travel time of the acoustic impulse, that is, the time it
took to reflect back to the hydrophone. In dual channel mode, the same
priniciples hold true for each half of the record. In such a case, there are 1024
samples recorded for each input.
3-7
3.5.3 DELAYED SCANS:
Some seismic applications occur in deep water. These types of applications

require that the scan of data for a given line be delayed for a period after the
sonar creates its impulse. This way, the sound has time to travel to the point of
interest and return before the 1086 starts sampling. Without this function, the
operator would be forced to use excessively long scan periods which, as stated
earlier, have much less resolution. Also, the resultant record would be dedicated
to printing mostly water column instead of geology.
3.5.4 CALCULATING DELAY:
A useful delay period can be determined using the same math that was used in
the Scan Rate example. Suppose there is a region to be profiled that is sitting in
3100 feet of water and we want to create a record of the first 400 feet of that
region. A good first configuration would be to set a scan rate for 500 feet and a
delay period that would gate out 3000 feet of the water column.
Using: D = S x (V/2) to calculate the Scan Rate:
500 = S x 2400
S = (500/2400) Scan Rate = 0.208 Seconds
Next, use the same formula to calculate Delay (d), plugging 3000 in for the
Distance (D):
3000 = d x 2400
d = (3000/2400) Delay Period = 1.250 Seconds
It is important to note here that these equations are approximations. They are
general rules that do not take into account how the velocity constant changes
with salinity, temperature, and most importantly, geology.
3.5.5 SCAN AND DELAY LIMITATIONS:
While configuring Scan and Delay on the Control Panel, it is important to not
enter invalid settings. Doing so will cause the recorder to drop lines of data –
resulting in inaccurate ground track. The Scan Period and Delay Period added
together should never be greater than the Key Period.
3-8
3.6 PARALLEL DATA ACQUISITION:
The collection of digital parallel data on the 1086 is, by contrast to analog data
collection, a very simple process. More and more sonar systems today are using
personal computers to digitize, store, format, and view data. Since the data in
these systems is already in a digital format, the Printer Port on the PC can be
used to easily transmit the data to the 1086. The following paragraphs describe
how this is accomplished.
3.6.1 DATA TRANSMISSION:
The 1086 is a line scan type printer. When a line of data has accumulated in its
input buffer, the 1086 prints the line and then advances the paper. This occurs
after 2048 bytes of data have been transmitted from the host to the 1086. Each
successive byte of data corresponds to each sequential pixel on the printhead.
That is, the first byte transmitted is encoded with the intensity information for
‘pixel 0’ at the top of the record. The 2048th byte contains the level information
for ‘pixel 2047’. After the 2048th byte is received, the line prints and the paper
advances. The next byte received is then assigned back to pixel 0 again. In
normal operation, there are no synchronization bytes or control codes – just raw
binary data that synchronizes on a byte count of 2048.
3.6.2 EMBEDDED CONTROL CODES (SYNCH AND REPEAT):
There is only a single ‘command’ available over the parallel interface. The full
command set is implemented on the serial interface or the keyboard. Using the
parallel interface, it is possible to synchronize (reset to zero) the byte (pixel)
counter for incoming data and set a repeat count with a single one byte
command. For this command to have any effect, the 1086 must not be set to “8
BIT” in the DATA TYPE field. When set to anything other than “8 BIT” the 1086
will decode byte values over 240d (0xF0) as a combination reset/repeat
command. The upper nibble of the byte must be set to F (0xF?, 1111b) and then
the lower nibble will be decoded as a repeat count. The repeat count (how many
times each line of new digital data will be printed) remains active until a new
repeat count is set. For instance, suppose the 1086 is in 6 BIT data mode and
has received 2046 bytes of valid data when it receives a byte of 0xF3. In this
case, the previous 2046 pixels of information are discarded and the pixel counter
is reset to zero. Additionally, the line repeat count is set to three. This means
each 2048 valid bytes of successive data will be printed three times in a row until
a new repeat code is set. Line repeating is a common method for stretching out
the printed record, or speed-correcting, in side scan applications.
3-9
Note for Developers: A good method for keeping the record synchronized is to
use six bit data and precede every 2048 byte stream with a byte value of 0xF1.
Every line transmission will only be 2049 bytes long, and the record should stay
synchronized.
3.6.3 PIXEL DEPTH:
Having stated that a host program must send 2048 bytes per raster line of data,
it’s worth asking what each byte of data means to the 1086. Each byte is
encoded with the intensity information (shade) that its corresponding pixel is to
print. A byte value of zero (0x00) will always produce a white dot on the record.
The value required to print a black dot is dependent on what the DATA TYPE
field is set to. If DATA TYPE is set to “6 BIT”, the host program should only send
data in the range of 0x00 to 0x3F (000000b to 111111b, 0d to 63d). For many
systems, 8 BIT is a natural setting, since many A/D converters produce eight bit
values in the range 0x00 to 0xFF (00000000b to 11111111b, 0d to 255d). The
top end of the range always determines what a black dot should be. All bytes in
between will be an appropriate level of gray. It is important to note that the
SHADES selection has no effect at all on DATA TYPE. The 1086 maintains an
internal Look-up-Table to translate the data range into the available gray levels to
print. If the 1086 is set to print sixteen levels of gray, it is perfectly legal (and
actually advisable) to use the eight bit data format.
3.6.4 DATA SHIFTING:
As a rule-of-thumb, if the Internal Test Pattern on the 1086 produces a nice gray
ramp, the machine is in working order. Muted, flat, or otherwise poor looking
digital data is usually the result of an incorrect DATA TYPE setting or data that
has not been properly justified. One major error that developers make is
assuming that the pixel values that are assigned to video memory for their CRT
displays will map identically to the printer. For starters, computer monitors are
inherently black whereas paper is usually white. This causes most printer and
VGA palettes to be inverted to one another. Also, color displays work on three
components of color, red, green and blue. The green ‘gun’ usually contains the
bulk of the intensity information. The TGR paper of course is primarily working
with one color (black) and is only capable of presenting information based on a
portion of this single color. As a point of interest, color VGA values can be
converted to gray scale using the following formula:
Gray Value = (0.59 x Green Value) + (0.11 x Blue Value) + (0.30 x Red Value)
3
Rather than fiddling with this formula, the best method for a developer to use is to
buffer the values directly from the digitizer and shift them into the appropriate bit
field. For instance, many popular A/D cards will generate a series of 12 bit
3-10
values to represent the incoming analog data. The general logic required to map
a 12-bit integer to a pixel configured for six bit data input is coded as follows:
send_byte((unsigned char)((val>>6)&0x3F));
This ‘C’ code divides the 12 bit value by 26 by using the shift operator (>>) and
then casts the value as an unsigned, eight bit character before passing it to the
transmission procedure. The ‘0x3F’ bit mask is added as a redundant safe guard
to insure that the resultant value is formatted strictly within the 0x00-0x3F range.
3.6.5 DATA DECIMATION:
Another problem software engineers run into during driver development is

incompatible transformation sizes. As previously stated, the 1086 requires 2048
bytes of data to print a line. Not many VGA adapters use a horizontal pixel
resolution of 2048. Common resolutions for the ‘X’ plane are 1280, 1024, 800, or
640. A clever way for a developer maximize bandwidth and minimize
transformation problems would be to collect 2048 samples per shot and use a
video resolution of 1024 x 768. This way the video adapter is in a fairly high-
resolution mode that maps as an even derivative of the 1086’s line size.
Corrected data values can then be sent to the 1086 as one byte for every pixel.
From this data, an algorithm can easily be created to generate video data as a
product of every two pixels. If the digitizer produces more samples than the
number of dots on the 1086, similar methods of decimation can be used.
Suppose the A/D card produces 4096 12 bit samples (common binary number)
for every shot and stores them in an integer array called ad_data[4096]. A line of
data (called pbuff[2048]) can easily be generated for transmission with the
following code:
//----------------------------------- code segment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

int ctr, idx=0;
for(ctr=0; ctr<2048; ctr++){

pbuff[ctr] = ((((ad_data[idx] >= ad_data[idx+1]) ? ad_data[idx] : ad_data[idx+1]) >> 6) & 0x3F);
idx+=2;
send_byte(pbuff[ctr]);
}
//------------------------------- end code segment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This segment obviously relies heavily on in-lining to accomplish several

operations in a few lines of code. Notice the peak detection that takes place in
the inner most set of parenthesis. EPC feels that this algorithm works better than
averaging for data decimation. Consider a black bit of data and a white bit of
data immediately adjacent to one another. What provides a stronger image of
those two dots, a single gray dot, or a single black dot? If the number of samples
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cannot be evenly divided by 2048, it is really up to the developer to choose a

method that is best suited for the type of data being printed.
3.6.6 PARALLEL PORT HARDWARE:
The pin assignments for the Parallel Interface can be found in the specifications
section of this manual or any PC reference. What is significant to note in this
section is how the 1086 implements its parallel data handshake. In general, the
Parallel Printer Port (running in compatibility mode) on most PCs is comprised of
three registers. These registers are written to or read from by host software so
as to control the TTL signal lines that physically connect a computer to the 1086.
A good programming example appeared earlier in this manual demonstrating
how to access these registers directly.
3.6.6.1 DATA REGISTER:
On most PCs, the Data Register is mapped to the address space at 0x378. If a
secondary ‘LPT2’ exists, it can usually be found at 0x278. In either case, the
Data Register is referred to as the Base Address from which the other two
registers (Status and Control) are sequentially enumerated. The register
contains an internal latch which allows data values written to it to be read back.
Writing a value to this port will drive the non-inverting outputs on the parallel
connector appropriately (D0 to D7 on pins 2 through 9, respectively). Consider
the following instruction:
outp(0x378, 0xF1);
This macro would cause pins 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 to be driven to a TTL high state, or
logical ‘1’, while pins 3, 4, and 5, would be driven low to ‘0’.
3.6.6.2 STATUS REGISTER:
The register located at BASE+1 (normally 0x379) is the Status Register. This
register consists of five input bits that pertain to the readiness of the printer. The
following table shows the logic associated with this register and how the 1086
implements its signals:
Bit # Pin TTL LEVEL WHEN ‘1’ IS READ NAME 1086 USAGE
0 - - N/A N/A
1 - - N/A N/A
2 - - N/A N/A
3 15 HIGH /ERROR IDLE HIGH – NOT USED
4 13 HIGH SLCT IDLE HIGH – NOT USED
5 12 HIGH PAPER IDLE LOW – NOT USED
6 10 HIGH /ACK ACTIVE LOW – DRIVEN,
3-12
NOT NEEDED
7 11 LOW BUSY ACTIVE HIGH – DRIVEN,
MUST BE OBSERVED
3.6.6.3 CONTROL REGISTER:
The Control Register is located at BASE+2 (commonly 0x37A) and implements a

set of four output signals, all of which are inverted. The most critical of these
signals is the strobe line on pin #1. When the host drives this signal low and then
high again, whatever data is in the Data Register is transmitted to the 1086’s
input buffer. The host should never drive this signal unless BIT 7 of the Status
Register (Busy) is inactive. These are the only two critical handshake signals
that the 1086 implements. The general logic for sending a byte at the register
level is clearly defined in the programming example at the beginning of this
manual.
Bit # Pin TTL LEVEL WHEN ‘1’ IS NAME 1086 USAGE

WRITTEN / READ
0 1 LOW / LOW /STROBE REQUIRED

1 14 LOW / LOW /AUTOFEED NOT USED
2 16 LOW / HIGH /INITIALIZE NOT USED
3 17 LOW / LOW /SELECT NOT USED
4 INT 1=ENABLED IRQ7 IRQ EN CAN BE USED
5 - - N/A N/A
6 - - N/A N/A
7 - - N/A N/A
3.6.6.4 EXTENDED CAPABILITIES:
The IEEE-1284 specification outlines a comprehensive method by which a

parallel port’s capabilities can be extended. The 1086 has no means for
‘negotiating’ these modes with a host computer. Electrically, the input circuitry
can support the EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port) part of the specification, provided
the right cable is used. This mode allows burst rate input at up to 1.0 MHz. The
DMA based closed loop handshake in the ECP portion of the standard is not
supported, nor is PS/2 derived bi-directional port. If you have a need to work
with the extended registers in a custom application, please feel free to contact
EPC Labs, as it has reasonable knowledge of this standard.
Note: In many PCs, simply writing a data byte to 0x37C will setup the data on
the interface and automatically generate the strobe pulse. This is useful when
using REP OUTSB type of buffered instructions to attain burst rates of 1 MHz
and greater.
3-13
3.7 RS-232 INPUT:
The 1086 can receive commands or data over its DCE configured serial port.
The minimum cabling required to connect to a host computer is a three wire null
modem (Tx to Rx, Rx to Tx, and GND to GND). Baud Rate is selectable on the
1086 and must match the host. Furthermore, the host must configure its port to
use eight data bits, no parity, and one stop bit (8,N,1). Once this connection is
made, the 1086 will accept either commands or data, not both.
3.7.1 RS-232 DATA:
EPC Labs does not recommend using the serial port for printing data. Even with
the fastest baud rate of 115.2 Kbits per second, printing will be relatively slow. If
you must use this interface for data, make the appropriate connections and set
DATA INPUT to ‘COM 1’. The transmitted data must then be formatted in
accordance with the same rules that govern parallel digital data from the previous
section. The synch/repeat control code is not available in this mode of operation.
Some host systems may require a five wire connection for hardware
handshaking (DSR/CTS). The 1086 program can be started in a different mode
to implement hardware handshaking – consult factory for details.
3.7.2 RS-232 COMMANDS:
Primarily, the RS-232 interface on the 1086 is used for receiving commands.
Just about every function on the 1086 can be remotely implemented using the
rich command set. Each RS-232 command consists of a header followed by one
or more arguments. The header and each subsequent argument is separated by
a white space (0x20). The command string should be terminated with a Carriage
Return / Line Feed (0x0D / 0x0A) pair of characters. The entire command set is
implemented in the typeable ASCII range – making it easy to test commands
from a terminal emulator. As was the case with sending serial data, the host
system must be configured for 8,N,1 with a baud rate that matches the 1086. In
the following example, the command string would cause five inches of paper to
advance on the 1086:
FEED 5<CR/LF>
The full command set is described in the Protocol section of this manual
(Appendix A).
3.8 KEYBOARD INTERFACE:
All of the 1086 remote commands can also be implemented on the system’s
keyboard. EPC recommends using a keyboard because changing some
functions, like SCAN RATE, is much easier with a keyboard than scrolling the
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values on the Control Panel. It is also less intrusive to data collection because
the keystrokes are buffered in the background through an interrupt driven
process. By contrast, the switches on the Control Panel are polled and the
microprocessor spends much more time decoding the switches than it does
decoding keystrokes. The Protocol section of the manual contains a detailed
description of all remote commands and their functions.
NOTE: To access a list of keyboard commands, put the 1086 into

STANDBY, type ‘HELP’ and hit the <ENTER> key. The 1086 will print out
the current command set.
3.9 MESSAGE AND ANNOTATION FUNCTIONS:
The 1086 has a comprehensive set of functions dedicated to marking and

annotating the printed record. Scale Lines, Event Marks, Fix Numbers,
Navigation Data, and Messages can all be easily added to the output. Since
many attributes need to be recurrent, there are provisions for triggering events
and messages automatically at set intervals.
3.9.1 BASIC EVENT MARKS:
Solid, dashed, or tick mark events can be printed on the record by selecting the
type of event and then triggering it. Events can be triggered by a contact closure
over the EXT MARK BNC connector, pressing the EVT button, sending an
EVENT command, or through the AUTOEVENT facility. When MESSAGE is
selected as the current event type, triggering an event will cause the current
MESSAGE to print instead of an event line. This feature is provided for those
who wish to print messages using the EXT MARK BNC. The EXT MARK BNC
uses a contact closure input, not a voltage!
3.9.2 PRINTING MESSAGES:
Alphanumeric text strings can be added to the record several ways. Using
remote commands via the Keyboard or RS-232 Interface, any message can be
entered and immediately printed (e.g. MES HELLO WORLD!<CR/LF>). Any of
the preset messages can be printed by simply selecting the desired message in
the MESSAGE field, and then pressing the MSG button. These same messages
can also be triggered using the AUTOMSG function.
3.9.3 MESSAGE ATTRIBUTES:
The size, location, and background of printed text can be controlled by the CHAR
SIZE, MARGIN, and BACKGROUND controls, respectively.
3-15
3.9.4 AUTOEVENT:
The AUTOEVENT function is provided to automatically trigger the printing of

event lines. The interval works by line count and that line count is reset
whenever the control is changed. Suppose you are printing at a rate of four lines
per second (0.250 Key Rate) and you wish to print a dashed event line every ten
minutes. Simply select DASHED for the EVENT TYPE, and set AUTOEVENT to
2400 (4 lines per second x 60 seconds per minute x 10 minutes).
3.9.5 AUTOMSG:
The AUTOMSG function will automatically generate the preset text message at a
set line interval. It works identically the same way AUTOEVENT works and
prints the text string with the current attributes.
3.9.6 USING FIX NUMBERS:
It is common practice in surveying to place cyclic event marks on a record and

number those events in ascending order. The FIX # feature on the 1086 does
just that. To use this feature, first set the TGR to a non-printing mode. Next,
select the current fix number to start with under the FIX # field. The next number
that prints will be one greater than what you set. The FIX preset must be
selected under the MESSAGE field and you must decide how you want to trigger
the FIX message. Manual or AUTOMSG type triggers will have the same effect.
A good method is to use AUTOMSG to set up a numbered grid, and then use
manual triggers to number special events. When the FIX is triggered, an event
line is printed with the fix number just above the line, in the margin. The event
line will reflect whatever is selected in the EVENT TYPE field.
3.9.7 GPS INTERFACE:
Various GPS data can be annotated on the record by using the 1086’s GPS
interface. There are several parameters that must be configured to use this
function. The GPS receiver must be properly configured to interface to the
1086’s serial port, with matching baud rates and data formats (8,N,1). It must
also be configured to output the NMEA 0183 string with the identifier “$GPRMC”.
If the receiver does not have this output string or format available, this
procedure will not work. Prior to making the physical connection between
the 1086 and the GPS receiver, set the following menu items as shown:
FIELD SETTING
DATA INPUT NOT COM 1

BAUD RATE 4800 or 9600 to match receiver
AUTOMSG As Desired
MESSAGE $GPRMC or BASIC NAV
3-16
Once both pieces of equipment are properly configured, make the cable
connection from the receiver to the 1086. Connecting the receiver before the
1086 is ready to receive ‘GPS’ data, will cause the recorder to try to decode the
GPS output as serial commands. The result will be an endless series of invalid
commands which will most likely hang one or both pieces of equipment. Most
receivers are generally configured as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and will
require only a straight cable connection to the 1086’s DCE configured port. A
selection of $GPRMC for the MESSAGE will result in the raw RMC sentence
being printed on the record. Choosing BASIC NAV will cause the 1086 to print a
formatted NAV string that includes latitude, longitude, time, date, heading, speed,
and record number.
3.9.8 AUTO-ANNOTATION:
A new control on the 1086 provides and auto-annotation feature. When AUTO
ANNOT is enabled, a configuration message will be printed when certain controls
are changed. This is useful for seeing things like scale changes in previously
recorded data. If AUTO ANNOT is ON during real-time collection, and the SCAN
RATE is changed from 100 mS to 120 mS, a configuration string is printed on the
record, showing the change. Other controls that effect this function are KEY
RATE, DELAY, LPI, CONTRAST, etc.
3.10 SPEED CORRECTION USING GPS:
Once a GPS receiver has been properly interfaced (see above), the LPI setting
of VARIABLE is available. When operated in this mode, the 1086 will use the
speed information from the GPS receiver to implement a crude speed correction
function. When the speed is decoded the 1086 will set the chart speed
somewhere between 80 LPI and 300 LPI, depending on vessel speed. The
faster the speed is, the faster the chart will be. The limits of the input are from
two to 10 knots.
3.11 SOCKET INTERFACE DESCRIPTION:
The 1086NT-2K can receive data and commands via Ethernet using the TCP/IP
protocol over a standard RJ45/CAT V Patch Cable. For direct connections
between host and TGR, a crossover cable should be used. Since virtually all
modern computers have networking hardware installed, this interface is the
preferred method of communication for projects moving into the future. While the
paragraphs below will provide the basic information needed to implement a
socket interface to the recorder, it is assumed that the developer has some
knowledge of networking concepts.
3-17
3.11.1 SOCKET ADDRESSING:
Socket interface programming requires that both the host and the TGR are set up
with an Internet Protocol Addresses (IP Address) on the same subnet. This is
the dotted notation seen in the network setup dialogs on most computers.
Shipped from the factory, the 1086NT-2K is pre-configured to use the address:
192.168.1.129
To change the default address, you must connect a keyboard and monitor to the
1086 and boot the system. The internal program will execute and as long as no
data is being sent to the TGR, the TGR will sit in an idle state. At this point, the
user may exit the program by typing, “EXIT” and hitting <ENTER>. The
embedded DOS operating system will return to a DOS prompt (C:\>). At this
point, the user may invoke a simple text editor (ned.exe) to load and edit the
socket configuration file:
NED SOCKET.CFG <ENTER>
The IP Address is specified at the top of the file and can be changed to whatever
is required. After the file is saved, the machine must be restarted for the new IP
to take effect. Again, make sure both computer and recorder are configured to
the same subnet. If the recorder is set as described above, the computer should
also have a similar address (ex. 192.168.1.124).
3.11.2 PORT SELECTION:
The 1086NT-2K implements the TCP/IP interface over three different sockets,
attached to three successive ports. The sockets should be created to use
STREAM I/O and not DATAGRAMS. By default, the 1086 is configured to
communicate over ports 777, 778, and 779. The base port may be changed by
editing the “NT.BAT” startup file as described in the previous paragraph. The last
line of the file invokes the M1086NT.exe program specifying “PORT=777” to
designate the base port. The PORT= argument can be changed to whatever
base port is desired. The purpose of the ports is as follows:
PORT NUMBER PORT NAME PORT FUNCTION
BASE_PORT Data Port Receives raster data, 2048 bytes per line
BASE_PORT+1 Command Port Receives TGR commands for setting shades,
contrast, etc.
BASE_PORT+2 Status Port Sends TGR status information back to host.
3-18
3.11.3 PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
As previously mentioned, the developer must allocate three open, available, and
successive ports on the network in order to interface to the TGR using TCP/IP.
Problems can arise when using multi-speed hubs, so it is best to keep the
computer and recorder on a hub that has all 100 MBS connections. The
following three paragraphs describe the types of data that are transmitted on the
three different ports.
3.11.3.1 RASTER DATA TRANSMISSION (BASE_PORT):
The 1086 listens for raw, unsynchronized raster data on the BASE_PORT (Data
Port). Whenever 2048 bytes of data have accumulated in the input queue, the
1086 will map them to the 2048 printhead pixels for printing. The (byte-value) to
(pixel shade level) translation should be 0x00 to 0xFF for white to black. The
1086 should be set to 8BIT DATATYPE.
3.11.3.2 SENDING TGR COMMANDS:
Command strings are those streams of data that control the behavior of the TGR.
All TGR commands are transmitted from the host to the TGR on BASE_PORT+1
(Command Port). All command strings must be formatted and sent in a 256
byte character buffer – regardless of the command string length.
Commands are formatted just as they would be when using the serial or
keyboard interfaces. Please see Appendix A for the protocol.
3.11.3.3 QUERYING TGR STATUS:
TGR Status Queries are solicited on the Command Port by sending a query
command. The TGR’s response to the command can be read by listening on the
Status Port (BASE_PORT+2). Initially, the host program should send the general
query:
Network?
On a successful query, the response buffer will always contain the string
“Received OK” in the first 11 bytes. The next four bytes are used to store any
numeric data (DWORD) that is in the response. The remaining 241 bytes will
contain any null terminated response string (i.e. message).
The “Network?” query is meant to do a simple check to see if the TGR is there. If
the TGR sees the Query it will respond with the following string -- sent back on
the Status Port:
3-19
Received OK[0x00000001]YES!
3.11.3.4 QUERYING TGR SETTINGS:
Determining a particular TGR setting can be done with the same type of syntax
as the Network query previously described. The command buffer should be
formatted with the three-character header of the desired command and
terminated with a question mark (‘?’). For example, if the host program wanted
to determine the current LPI setting, it would send the command:
LPI?
Assuming the TGR was set to 150 LPI, the following response string would be
sent back on the status socket:
Received OK[0x00000003]150
The DWORD value located just after the “Received OK” string represents the
index value of the 150 setting on the LPI menu (80 is index 0, 100 is index 1,
etc.). The last three characters show the actual string that is set on the LCD
display for that setting (“150”). All of the commands that are described in
Appendix A can be queried in this manner.
3.11.4 DEVELOPERS TOOLS:
EPC Labs provides sample code and examples on how to use the Socket
Interface. These examples are written in C/C++ and have been tested on both
Windows and Linux platforms. Full API sources, executable components, and
test code can be found in the Developer’s Tools. The Developer’s Tools can be
downloaded from EPC web site at the following link:
http://www.epclabs.com/tech/EPC_DevelopersDisk.zip
3-20
Chapter – 4 Maintenance & Troubleshooting Rev -
CHAPTER FOUR – MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
4.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TROUBLE SHOOTING:
Qualified personnel should perform the following procedures in a clean, dry area.
4.1 GENERAL MAINTENANCE:
General maintenance should be performed when changing media or when a problem is

encountered.
4.1.1 KEEP THE AREA CLEAN:
The 1086 is a rugged field ready machine that prints on continuous thermal paper. One
of the most basic practices that will extend the life of the 1086 is to keep the general
area around the recorder clean. This practice will prevent dust from getting inside the
recorder and on the thermal printhead.
4.1.2 CLEAN THE PAPER FEED CHAMBER:
To remove any dust or small particles that are in the Paper Feed Chamber.
Dust particles can attach themselves to the outside of the paper Roll and get
PURPOSE
fed into the element line of the printhead, causing a small white spot or small
white streak on the record.
ITEMS OR A clean, lint free cloth rag is recommended. Standard household ammonia
TOOLS based cleaners are acceptable but alcohol is highly recommended.
1) Avoid the use of flammable or toxic cleaning fluids such as carbon
tetrachloride. (Cleaners this powerful will take the paint off of the case of the
recorder).
PRECAUTIONS
2) Avoid touching the element line of the printhead. The oils from fingertips
can accelerate the heat transfer process. This will cause pixels to burn out
prematurely.
1) DISCONNECT THE 1086 FROM ITS AC POWER SOURCE!!
2) Open the Feed Roll Chamber and remove the roll of paper.
3) Lightly moisten the rag with the cleaning fluid. Make sure none of the fluid
is dripping off of the rag.
PROCEDURE 4) Wipe down the inside of the Paper Feed Chamber, removing the dust
particles.
5) Wait until the chamber is dry and replace the roll of paper.
6) Connect the recorder to its AC power source.
The chamber should be cleaned after the use of every roll of paper.
4-1
Phone: (978) 462-1900 Fax: (978) 462-9960 E-mail: mikec@epclabs.com, www.epclabs.com
Note: When cleaning the Paper Feed Chamber

be careful not to come in contact with the
element line.
Figure 4-1 – cleaning Feed Roll Chamber
4.1.3 CLEAN THE THERMAL PRINTHEAD:
To remove any dust or residue deposited on the printhead after the use of a
PURPOSE roll of paper or film.
A clean, lint free cloth rag should be used. Also a small cotton swab may be
ITEMS OR used. Use either denatured or isopropyl alcohol. The ideal item is an
TOOLS alcohol swab (EPC uses Becton-Dickinson PN: 326895 containing over
70% alcohol).
1) Avoid the use of flammable or toxic cleaning fluids such as carbon
tetrachloride. (The element line of the printhead is covered with a clear hard
epoxy. Use of powerful solvents will dissolve the protection on the element
line).
PRECAUTIONS
2) Avoid touching the element line of the printhead. The oils from fingertips
can accelerate the heat transfer process. This will cause pixels to burn out
prematurely.
1) DISCONNECT THE 1086 FROM ITS AC POWER SOURCE!!

2) Open the Feed Roll Chamber and remove the roll of paper.
3) Moisten the rag with the cleaning fluid or use the alcohol swab. Make sure
none of the fluid is dripping off of the rag.
4) Gently rub the rag or swab onto the element line. Make small back and
forth motions while advancing from one side of the printhead to the other.
PROCEDURE 5) Wait for the element line to dry. Once the line is dry, re-install the paper.
6) Connect the recorder to its AC power source.
NOTE: Occasionally, after a roll of paper/film prints there will be a small white
residue left on the element line of the Printhead. It is very important to get all
of this residue off before printing on another roll of paper/film.
The Element Line should be cleaned before installing each new roll of
paper.
4-2
Element line will be the thin slightly

raised dark brown line on the printhead.
Figure 4-2 cleaning the Printhead

4.1.4 HANDLING AND STORING THERMAL MEDIA:
PURPOSE To give a brief overview on how to store thermal paper or film.

ITEMS OR
Thermal Paper (EPC P/N: 802140) or Thermal Film (EPC P/N: 802141).
TOOLS
1) Store in a cool dry place.
2) The finished record should not be exposed to direct sun light or
prolonged fluorescent light, temperatures above 100οF (38οC), relative
PRECAUTIONS humidity over 80% or placed in contact with adhesives, adhesive tapes or
plasticizers such as those found in all PVC page protectors.
3) Be careful handling finished record with bare hands. The oils from skin
can alter the chemistry of the paper and distort the record.
1) Remove the paper from the box, and load the paper into the recorder.
Always make sure that the outside of the roll, as it unravels, is pressing
against the element line of the printhead.
2) If the records are to be kept for a long period of time it is a wise idea to
use the Take-up spool in the recorder. (see page 13)
3) Once the records are rolled up remove them from the take-up spool
using one of two methods.
PROCEDURE
a) With the paper spooled up on the Take-up core, use the RAPID button
to advance several inches of unused paper/film around the outside of the
roll. This will protect the used portion of the roll of paper. Place the roll
back into its original box or an dark cool dry place.
b) Another alternative is to wear white cotton gloves when handling

thermal paper/film. This will prevent the oils from skin getting onto the
record.
4-3
The outside of the roll is coated with a chemical which is sensitive to thermal activation.
Always be careful when handling thermal media. Excessive handling with bare hands
can alter the records appearance.
The inside of the roll is not

subject to thermal activation.
Figure 4-3 Thermal Print Media
4.1.5 QUICK TROUBLESHOOTING METHOD:
1) No Power Up: Check AC line fuse, check power cord, check power supply input,
check power supply output +/- 12V, + 5V and +24 at the power supply terminal. If all
voltages are present, the four LEDs on the back plane should be illuminated and the
recorder should power up.
2) Recorder does not boot up: Check Microprocessor Board, the flash memory may
be corrupted.
3) Recorder boots up but does not chart: Check the rapid function. If RAPID works,
the Control Board may be faulty. But if rapid does not work, check the step motor
voltage +5V. If present, check pin 10 on the chart module for the chart clock. If
present, the chart module itself may be bad.
4) Print Check: When the Test key is depressed the recorder should start running the
test pattern. If the test pattern fails to print properly, the primary candidate for a problem
is the Printhead Controller.
5) Recorder boots up and charts, but does not print test pattern: Make sure that
the Printhead Cable is plugged in, check for +24V.
6) Display back lights are ON, but no characters are shown: Check for connection
of data lines on Motor Drive Board under the display panel. If connected, either displays
are bad or the I/O display Control Board is bad. Or there could be a flash memory
problem on the Microprocessor Board.
7) Take-up Motor does not activate: Check for +12V at terminals. If present, Motor is
bad.
4-4
8) Analog mode is selected but machine does not chart: Check the trigger mode
selected. If external trigger is selected make sure a valid trigger pulse is applied to the
TRIG IN BNC.
9) Analog mode is selected, recorder charts but does not print: Check BNC cables.
Increase the GAIN, decrease THRESHOLD and increase the CONTRAST. Set
POLARITY to +/-. If annotation prints the problem is probably in the analog circuitry.
10) Not printing parallel data: Make sure PARALLEL mode is selected. Check the
interface cable for 1 to1 continuity. If the above checked out it may be the Analog
Interface Board.
11) Not printing serial data: Make sure ‘COM1’ mode is selected. Check the interface
cable to ensure it is wired as a Null Modem (2-3, 3-2, and 5-5 on a D-sub 9). Make sure
the baud rate of the 1086 matches that of the host equipment. If the above checked out
it may be the Microprocessor Board.
12) Machine beeps and displays “NO PAPER” even though EPC qualified Paper is
properly installed: Check the sensor connections on the Motor Drive Board under the
display panel. Check Paper Sensor Connector and wiring.
4.1.6 REPLACEMENT PROCEDURES:
1) To take the recorder out of the case a hex wrench set is needed. Remove 14 # 2
screws around the case, 4 # 6 screws holding the rubber feet underneath the recorder
and 2 # 10 screws holding the interface panel to the case.
2) To replace the Printhead simply shut off the recorder remove 4 pan head #4 screws
using a flat head screw driver and carefully disconnect the printhead cables (Use cotton
swabs wet with denatured alcohol to clean the head). Be careful not to touch the
printhead element line.
3) To replace boards, make sure that the machine is disconnected from AC power.
Remove the anchor screw and connectors from the board to be replaced. Assure that
all connections and hardware are secured before restarting the recorder.
4.2 BASIC ADJUSTMENTS AND FUSE CHANGE:
The following procedures should be performed in a clean, dry area.
4-5
4.2.1 DROP OUT ON PAPER:
To cover the possible ways to remedy the light or “drop out” areas of print
PURPOSE
on a record.
ITEMS OR
A #4 hex wrench.
TOOLS
If the “drop out” or light area is increasing as the adjustment is being made,
PRECAUTIONS do not continue to turn the adjustment set screw in the current direction.
Printing large white areas at high contrast may cause damage to the
printhead.
1) Print the factory test pattern or have the host system generate a test
pattern.
Note: a pattern that is consistently gray across the entire record is
recommended.
2) Notice where on the printhead that the drop out occurs.
a) If the drop out occurs on either the right or left side of the record then
PROCEDURE
adjust the #4 set screw located in the print roller assembly. (Example: If the
right side of the print drops out then rotate the set screw either up or down
to eliminate the drop out.) Unlike large machines, dropout will very rarely
occur in the middle of the records. If it does it usually can be fixed by
adjusting the set screws on either side of the print roller assembly.
Slide the latch forward. Insert a #4 hex wrench

into the semi-circle cut out in the latch. Adjust
the relative position of the print roller to the
element line by rotating the tuning screw.
This same technique will work on the other side

of the machine.
Set Screws inside latch assembly

Figure 4-4 Adjusting print quality
4-6
4.2.2 CHANGING THE POWER FUSE:
PURPOSE This procedure describes how to change the line fuse.

ITEMS OR
TOOLS A small slotted screw driver and a replacement fuse.
Unplug the 1086 prior to replacing the fuse!!!!
PRECAUTIONS
1) Turn off the 1086.

2) Use a small slotted screw driver to pry open the small fuse holder
chamber in the power entry module.
PROCEDURE
3) The fuse will be in a small plastic holder and will slide out.
4) Examine the fuse and verify that it has blown.
5) Replace the fuse (EPC PN: 515034 ) and turn the 1086 back on.
Figure 4-5 Fuseholder
Slotted groove for screwdriver
4.3 VERIFYING RECORDER OPERATION:
These procedures will verify that the various recorder functions are working properly.
4-7
4.3.1 RUNNING THE TEST PATTERN:
Verify the Print at 2,16,64 and 256 shades of gray. Running the test pattern
will verify that the POWER SUPPLY, PRINTHEAD, MICROPROCESSOR BOARD and
PURPOSE
CONTROL BOARD are working properly.
ITEMS OR
TOOLS None
PRECAUTIONS
Properly load the paper in the recorder. (see installation section 1.2.2)
With the 1086 OFF, load the thermal media into the recorder. Turn the 1086
ON.
PROCEDURE On the left side of the Control Panel, use the Increment-Decrement keys to
set the shades of gray appropriate media (either Paper or Film).
Run the test pattern.
Figure 4-6 test pattern with 16 shades selected Figure 4-7 test pattern with 64 shades selected
There should be a smooth ascending gray scale across the printhead. If not, use the
see the Basic Adjustments section to fix this problem.
4-8
4.3.2 CHECKING OUT THE ANALOG FUNCTIONS:
Rudimentary analog functions can be evaluated by using standard electronic test

equipment.
The following section describes some simple tests which evaluate the functions of KEY
OUT, SCAN and DELAY.
4.3.2.1 VERIFYING THE KEY OUT:
PURPOSE Verify the KEY OUT period.

ITEMS OR
TOOLS Oscilloscope and frequency counter, BNC cables.
PRECAUTIONS
Make sure the recorder is set to internal trigger.
Using the menus on the Control Panel - set the 1086 to internal trigger. In
PROCEDURE
this mode the recorder will be “KEYING OUT” a signal.
Figure 4-8 Verifying the key out
0.1250
Frequency Counter
Control Panel Settings
KEY RATE 0.125

156us pulse width
SCAN 0.120
RATE
DELAY 0
Scope Settings
Volts / div 2V .125ms Period

Time base 20ms / div
Figure 4-9 key pulses on scope
4-9
4.3.2.2 VERIFYING THE SCAN SPEEDS:
PURPOSE Verify the SCANS function

Checking the
SCANS Set the 1086 recorder to the settings on the table below.
1) Set a signal generator so that it will generate a 1volt square wave at

100Hz.
2) Set the signal generator to produce a triggered burst width (sweep

width) of 100ms.
Procedure 3) Attach the 1086 Key Out to the oscilloscope Channel 1 and the Trigger
In of the Signal Generator.
4) Attach the 1086 Signal A IN to the oscilloscope Channel 2 and the

Function out of the Signal Generator.
5) Set the 1086 to the settings on the following table and run the test.
4-10
Figure 4-10 Verifying the scan speeds
SETTING NAME VALUE

CONTRAST 0%
LPI 100
WIDTH 2048
TRIGGER INTERNAL
KEY OUT POSITIVE
SIGNAL SINGLE
KEY RATE 0.125
SCAN RATE 0.100
DELAY 0.000
SHADES 8
SCALE LINES OFF
DATA INPUT ANALOG
SWEEP FORWARD
The results should produce 10 identical bars evenly spaced across the
RESULTS
record. See figure 4-12.
How it works:
1) The 1086 KEY OUT triggers the signal generators sweep function. The signal
generator is set to produce a 100Hz signal for .1 seconds. Thus 100 cycles/sec
.1 seconds = 10 complete cycles.
4-11
SIGNAL
PRINTED
KEY OUT
Figure 4-11 Scope traces Figure 4-12 Pattern on record
4.3.2.3 VERIFYING THE DELAY SETTING:
PURPOSE Verify the DELAY function.

Checking the Shorten the generators burst to 80ms. Set the 1086 recorder to the settings
DELAY on the table below, notice the SCANS + DELAY < KEY OUT.
RESULTS The results should produce the pattern on the lower half of Figure 4-15.
SETTING NAME VALUE

CONTRAST 0%
LPI 100 No Delay
WIDTH 2048
TRIGGER INTERNAL
KEY OUT POSITIVE
SIGNAL SINGLE
KEY RATE 0.150 30ms Delay
SCAN RATE 0.100
DELAY 0.030
SHADES 8
SCALE LINES OFF
DATA INPUT ANALOG Figure 4-13 Printed pattern
SWEEP FORWARD
4-12
4.3.2.4 VERIFYING THE GAIN AND THRESHOLD:
PURPOSE Verify the GAIN and THRESHOLD function.

Checking the
Keep the recorder running from the previous step.
GAIN
1) Turn the gain knob down to almost zero.
2) The record should become lighter and lighter as the GAIN is reduced.
Procedure Increase GAIN.
3) Increase the THRESHOLD. The record should become lighter and

lighter as the THRESHOLD is increased.
4.3.2.5 CHECKING OUT THE DIGITAL FUNCTIONS:
PURPOSE Verify the DIGITAL function

Checking the
Parallel Port Set the 1086 recorder to the settings on the table below.
1) Install the parallel test program provided with the Training Manual.
Procedure 2) Set the 1086 to the settings on the table below.
3) Follow the instructions as the test program prompts.
SETTING NAME VALUE

First an “X” pattern will run with a REPEAT
CONTRAST 0% LINE of one.
LPI 200
WIDTH 2048 Then a “X” pattern will run with a REPEAT
DATA TYPE 4 LINE of two. NOTE: The “X” pattern should
REPEAT LINE 1 be twice as tall.
AUTO EVENT OFF
Finally, a shade pattern will generate.
SCALE LINES OFF
DATA INPUT PARALLEL
SWEEP FORWARD
4-13
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
4-14
Chapter – 5 Engineering Drawings Rev.-
CHAPTER FIVE – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
This section contains the engineering assembly drawings. Part numbers for the various
components can be found on each drawing. Where relevant, wire run lists are also provided.
Please contact EPC Labs if a document you need does not appear to be included in this
package.
EPC PN Description # of Pages

802028 CABLE, PARALLEL I/O 1086 1
802145 CASE ASSY,-STANDARD FIELD CASE 1
802212 PRINT ROLLER ASSY, 1086 1
802217 FAN ASSY, 1086 1
802219 RIBBON CABLE, DIG I/O SW 1086 1
802385 BRACKET ASSY, OPTIC SENSOR 1
802519 CABLE AY, P-HEAD CTRL NT/MP 2
802630 PC/104 DIGITIZER ASSEMBLY 1
802682 PC/104 PARALLEL I/O BD. ASSY. 1
802707 DIGITAL I/O BD ASSY, PC104 1
802744 PCB ASSY., POWER DISTRIBUTION 1
802747 CABLE ASSY., PS TO PWR DIS PCB 1
802751 CABLE ASSY., +5 POWER DIST 1
802752 LINE FILTER ASSEMBLY 2
802768 FINAL ASSY, 1086NT-2K 8
802769 MAIN FRAME ASSY, 1086NT-2K 5
802770 I/O PANEL ASSY, 1086NT-2K 4
802775 SYSTEM CONTROLLER, 1086NT-2K 1
802777 CABLE ASSY. MULTI-I/O 2
802778 CABLE ASSY., PRINTHEAD POWER 2
802779 DC POWER DIST CABLE 2
802780 POWER SUPPLY ASSY 1086NT-2K 2
802781 POWER DISTRIBUTION BRACKET 2
802787 CONTROL PANEL ASSY 2
802788 LCD ASSY 2
802789 TAKE-UP MOTOR ASSY. 1
802790 CABLE ASSY, PS TRIM 2
802791 CABLE ASSY., CONTROL PANEL 3
802793 CHART MOTOR ASSEMBLY 1
802795 POWER CABLE, PHEAD CONTROLLER 1
802796 POWER CABLE, CONTROL PANEL 1
802797 CABLE ASSY., NETWORK 1
802798 CABLE ASSY., PRINTHEAD ERROR 2
802799 PC BOARD,P-HD CONTROLLER NT2K 1

Chapter – 5 Engineering Drawings Rev.-
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Chapter – 5 Engineering Drawings Rev-































































PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Appendix A – Command Protocol Rev.-
APPENDIX A – COMMAND PROTOCOL
===============================================================================================
EPC Laboratories Inc. Model MP/GSP-1086 Keyboard Map v.A7
===============================================================================================
===============================================================================================
COMMAND | HEADER | ARGUMENTS | DESCRIPTION
===============================================================================================
A SWEEP DIR | ASW | FOR or REV | SET CHANNEL A SWEEP DIRECTION FORWARD OR REVERSE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOEVENT | AEV | 0 - 32767 | SET LINE INTERVAL FOR REPEATING EVENTS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOMESSAGE | AMS | 0 - 32767 | SET LINE INTERVAL FOR REPEATING MESSAGES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BACKGROUND | BAC | WHI or DAT | SET MESSAGE BACKGROUND, WINDOW OR OVERLAY
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B SWEEP DIR | BSW | FOR or REV | SET CHANNEL B SWEEP DIRECTION FORWARD OR REVERSE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTRAST | CON | 0 to 100 | SET CONTRAST LEVEL, LIGHT TO DARK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE | DAT | mm/dd/yy | SET DATE, mm = MONTH; dd = DAY; yy = YEAR
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA TYPE | DTY | 6BIT or 8BIT | SET DIGITAL DATA INPUT TYPE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DELAY | DEL | 0 to 8000 | SET ANALOG SIGNAL DELAY IN MILLISECONDS
| | or |
| | 0.0 to 8.000 | SET ANALOG SIGNAL DELAY IN SECONDS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EVENT PRESET | EPS | 0 to 3 | SETS EVENT TYPE, 0=SOLID, 1=DASH, 2=TICK, 3=MESSAGE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EVENT TYPE | EVE | SOLID, DASHED, | PRINT AN EVENT MARK OR PRESET MESSAGE
| | TICK, or MSG |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEED | FEE | 0.1 to 14.0 | ADVANCE THE PAPER BY SOME NUMBER OF INCHES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILL BUFFER | FIL |1,2,3 followed | LOAD USER MESSAGE BUFFERS (ex. FILL 1 HELLO WORLD)
| | by TEXT STRING |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEIGHT ALARM | HAV | 0.0 - 10000.000 | SET VALUE, IN METERS, THAT A HEIGHT ALARM IS
VALUE | | | TRIPPED WHEN USING BOTTOM TRACKING
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEIGHT OUTPUT| HOE | 0 or 1 | BOOLEAN SETTING THAT ENABLES OR DISABLES THE OUTPUT
ENABLE | | | OF HEIGHT INFORMATION TO THE VGA AND SERIAL PORT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEIGHT UPDATE| HUI | 0 - 32767 | SET INTERVAL, IN LINES, AT WHICH BOTTOM TRACK
INTERVAL | | | HEIGHT DATA IS OUTPUT TO THE VGA AND SERIAL PORT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HELP | HEL | (void) | PRINT THIS FILE - COMMAND HAS NO ARGUMENT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HIGHPASS | HPF | 40 to 1000 | SET HIGHPASS FILTER VALUE IN HZ.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMAGE WIDTH | IMA | 1 to 2048 | SET WIDTH, IN PIXELS, OF DIGITAL DATA LINE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERFACE | INT | STA, COM, PAR, | SET CURRENT DATA INPUT - STANDBY, COM PORT,
| | ANA, NET | PARALLEL, ANALOG, OR NETWORK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY RATE | KEY | 10 to 10000 | SET KEY OUT PERIOD IN MILLISECONDS
| | or |
| | 0.010 to 10.000 | SET KEY OUT PERIOD IN SECONDS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LINES PER IN.| LPI | 80, 100, 120, | SET LINES PER INCH (CHART SPEED) VALUE. VARIABLE
| | 150, 200, 240, | SETTING FOR SPEED CORRECTION -- USES SPEED INPUT
| | 300, or VAR | FROM GPS RECEIVER ($GPRMC STRING REQUIRED)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOWPASS | LPF |1000 to 25000 | SET LOWPASS FILTER VALUE IN HZ.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MARGIN | MAR | 0.00 to 10.00 | SET LOCATION OF TEXT ON RECORD (IN INCHES)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIA | MED | PAPER or FILM | SET BASE CONTRAST LEVEL FOR PAPER OR FILM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MESSAGE | MES | ANY ASCII STRING| PRINT ALPHANUMERIC MESSAGE ON RECORD
| | < 200 CHARS |
A-1
Phone: (978) 462-1900 Fax: (978) 462-9960 E-mail: mikec@epclabs.com, web: www.epclabs.com
Appendix A – Command Protocol Rev.-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MESSAGE | MPS | 0 to 9 | SETS MESSAGE FIELD, 0=USER1, 1=USER2, 2=USER3,
PRESET | | | 3=TIME, 4=DATE, 5=SETTINGS, 6=$GPRMC, 7=BASIC NAV
| | | 8=FIX#, 9=ANALOG CFG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
POLARITY | KPO | POS or NEG | SET KEY OUT POLARITY, POS = 0V->5V; NEG = 5V->0V
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPEAT | REP | 1 to 5 | SET NUMBER OF TIMES EACH SCAN LINE WILL PRINT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SAVE | SAV | (void) | SAVE SETTINGS TO CURRENT CONFIG FILE - NO ARGUMENTS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCALE LINES | SCA | OFF,0,5,10,20 | SET SCALE LINES ON RECORD
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCAN RATE | SCN | 5 to 10000 | SET ANALOG CHAN SAMPLING DURATION IN MILLISECONDS
| | or |
| | 0.005 to 10.000 | SET ANALOG CHAN SAMPLING DURATION IN SECONDS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SET N/W | SPD | 0 (OFF) to | USED W/ NETWORK INTERFACE TO SET LINE PRINTING
PRINT DELAY | | 10000 | DELAY WHICH PACES THE PRINT SPOOLER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHADES | SHA | 8, 16, 32, 64 | SET NUMBER OF SHADES TO PRINT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIGNAL | SIG | SIN or DUA | SELECT SINGLE OR DUAL CHANNEL ANALOG INPUT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIZE | SIZ | 1 to 5 | SET SIZE OF TEXT FONT FOR ALPHANUMERIC MESSAGES
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLOPE | SLO | RIS or FAL | SET EXTERNAL TRIGGER SLOPE, RISING OR FALLING
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STACKING | STA | OFF, 2, 3, 4, | SET LINE AVERAGING ALGORITHM FOR ACQUIRED DATA.
| | or 5 | USED TO FILTER OUT ABERRATIONS IN DATA.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLANT RANGE | SRC | OFF, BOT, or | SET SLANT RANGE CORRECTION MODE -- OFF, BOTTOM
CORRECTION | | COR | TRACKING, or CORRECTED
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLANT RANGE | SRT | 0 - 255 | SET SQUELCH FOR WATER COLUMN NOISE -- SAMPLES LESS
THRESHOLD | | | THAN THIS VALUE ARE CONSIDERED NOISE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLANT RANGE | SRD | 0-1023 | SET PIXEL OFFSET FROM ZERO LINE AT WHICH FIRST
DELAY | | | RETURN ALGORITHM BEGINS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SLANT RANGE | SRA | 1/10 - 10/10 | SET NUMBER OF SAMPLES (OUT OF 10) THAT MUST BE
ACCURACY | | | GREATER THAN THE SLANT RANGE THRESHOLD TO INDICATE
| | | FIRST SIGNAL RETURN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TAKE-UP | TAK | ON, OFF | TURN TAKE-UP SPOOL ON OR OFF
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEST | TES | ON, OFF | ENABLE OR DISABLE INTERNAL TEST PATTERN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TIME | TIM | hh:mm:ss | SET TIME IN 24 HOUR FORMAT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRIGGER | TRI | INT or EXT | SET ANALOG TRIGGER SOURCE, INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TVG | TVG | 0 to 255 | SET RATE OF TIME VARIED GAIN ON ANALOG CHANNELS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
================================================================================================
Please refer to Operator's Manual for more information about the 1086 command protocol.
Additional information is also available on EPC's web site: www.epclabs.com
================================================================================================
A-2
Phone: (978) 462-1900 Fax: (978) 462-9960 E-mail: mikec@epclabs.com, web: www.epclabs.com
Chapter – Appendix B Rev -
Control Panel Functions
The following section shows the functions of left and right side of the control
panel.
TIME DATE SAVE AS LOADED
14:26 5/24/96 CONFIG_1 CONFIG_1
SET THE TIME SET THE DATE CONFIG_1 CONFIG_1
CONFIG_2 CONFIG_2
CONFIG_3 CONFIG_3
CONFIG_4 CONFIG_4
TIME DATE SAVE AS LOADED
Move the cursor Move the cursor Place the 1086 in STBY. Set This option will load a
the desired operating
arrows to set the time arrows to set the date configuration. Select the file saved operating
on the 24 hour clock MM/DD/YY name; CONFIG_1, 2, 3 OR 4. configuration into the
Press the SAVE button. current operating
conditions. (see SAVE
AS)
Appendix B - 1
CONTRAST LPI EVENT SCL LINES
0% 200 SOLID OFF
0 TO 100% VARIABLE SOLID OFF

80
(INCR 1%) 100 DASHED 5
120
150 TICK 10
200
240 MESSAGE 20
300
EXTERNAL
CONTRAST LPI* EVENT SCALE LINES
Move the cursor Adjust the lines per Choose the type of Choose the number of
arrows to set the inch by moving the event mark. SOLID, scale lines to be
contrast. This will cursor arrows. The DASHED or TICK printed on the record.
darken the over all factory settings are 80, mark. The final option (OFF = none, 5, 10,
record. 100 is the max 100, 120, 150, 200, will allow the user to 20)
0 is the min. 240, and 300. Or print a user defined
choose VARIABLE to message. (see The lines will be
SET the LPI based on MESSAGE) spaced evenly across
a GPS signal via the the page.
RS-232 port.
Appendix B - 2
INTERFACE FILE REC/PLAY RECORD #
STANDBY NOT AVAIL NOT AVAIL NOT AVAIL
STANDBY NO NO NO
NETWORK OPTIONS OPTIONS OPTIONS
PLAYBACK*
ANALOG
PARALLEL
COM 1
INTERFACE FILE REC/PLAY RECORD #
The operator may Data file on remote Control to enable Current ping number in
choose one of several host or local media in recording of data to a playback or acquisition
interfaces. (STANDBY, which acquired data file or playing back of file.
NETWORK, ANALOG, will be stored. data from a file.
PARALLEL or COM 1. Not available at this
Not available at this Not available at this time.
*Playback options will time. time.
be made available via
software update at a
future time.
Appendix B - 3
SL RANGE SL THRESH SL DELAY SL ACCURCY
OFF 0 0 7/10
OFF 0-255 0-1024 0/10 TO 10/10
BOTTOM TRK
CORRECTED
SL RANGE SL THRESH SL DELAY SL ACCURCY
The operator may Pixel value (255 is Number of pixels from Number of successive
choose slant range max) that constitutes the center (water pixels (out of
correction or bottom what is considered a column) that are groupings of 10) that
track from this option. “hard” or real return. bypassed before the must meet the SL
slant range algorithm THRESH criteria in
Bottom track is useful Reasonable values begins “hunting” for order to be considered
in determining if the with good reflectors the first return. a valid first reflector.
other slant range will be an eighth of
controls are set scale or more (32). This is useful for
properly. bypassing noise that
may mislead the
algorithm.
Appendix B - 4
TRIGGER TRIG SLOPE KEY OUT REPETE LN
EXTERNAL RISING POSITIVE 1
EXTERNAL RISING POSITIVE 1- 5
INTERNAL FALLING NEGATIVE
TRIGGER TRIGGER SLOPE KEY OUT REPETE LN
Use the cursor buttons Select which edge When the recorder is Each line of data may
to select between (RISING or FALLING) set to INTERNAL be repeated from 1 to
internal or external of the TRIGGER pulse TRIGGER, the 5 times.
trigger to initiate a to initiate a scan cycle. operator may set the
scan cycle. recorders KEY OUT
polarity. (positive or
negative)
Appendix B - 5
GAIN LOW PASS HIGH PASS TVG
2.000 12.0 KHz 1.0 KHz OFF
0-10 OFF OFF OFF
1 KHz 40 Hz
1 TO 100
TO TO
25.0 KHz 1000 Hz
GAIN LOW PASS HIGH PASS TVG
This control increases Use this feature to set Use this feature to set The Time Varied Gain
the displayed the maximum signal the minimum signal feature applies an
amplitude of the frequency. Using the frequency. Using the increasing amount of
incoming analog low pass filter will high pass filter will gain to the analog
signals. The factor is eliminate all signals eliminate all signals signal with reference
added post-digitizer to with frequencies with frequencies below to time. At the
the entire presentation, above the selected the selected range. beginning of the
unlike the pre-amp range. sweep almost no
nature of the Gain additional gain is
Cotrols on the lower applied. At the end of
panel (which apply the sweep (or line of
real-time amplification data) the maximum
to each channel). amount of gain is
applied. The slope of
the gain may be set by
selecting a number
from 1-100. The
higher the number the
greater the slope of
the applied gain.
Appendix B - 6
SHADES MEDIA WIDTH FIX #
016 FILM 2048 0
8 FILM 2 TO 2048 0-32766
16 PAPER (INCR 1) (INCR 1)
32
64
SHADES MEDIA WIDTH FIX#
Select the gray scale Choose either thermal Control the number of When “FIX” is selected
resolution; 8, 16, 32, or PAPER (low energy - pixels being used. Ex: for the current
64 shades of gray. lower resolution) or 2048 will be the full message, the FIX #
Thermal FILM (higher display (all pixels will will be incremented
energy - higher be on). Ex2: 1024 will and printed each time
resolution) print on 1/2 of the a message is
display. (this for triggered.
synchronizing to digital
sources)
Appendix B - 7
SIGNAL KEY RATE SCAN RATE DELAY
SINGLE 0.125 0.100 0.000
SINGLE 0.005 TO 10.000 0.005 TO 10.000 0.005 TO 8.000
DUAL (INCR 0.001) (INCR 0.001) (INCR 0.001)
SIGNAL* KEY RATE SCAN RATE DELAY
This feature allows the When the recorder is SCAN RATE is the The DELAY will delay
operator to choose set to INTERNAL amount of time that the scan rate by a
between printing one TRIGGER, the the recorder will specified amount of
or two channels. A operator may set the collect data after the time. The following
only (full page) or recorder’s KEY RATE. initiation of a zero should always hold
A&B (each channel This defines the period pulse* or TRIGGER true:
prints on 1/2 page) in which the recorder PULSE. (Note: The (DELAY + SCAN)<
will trigger another SCAN RATE should KEY
piece of equipment. never be equal to or
exceed the KEY
RATE)
Appendix B - 8
DATA TYPE BAUD RATE SWEEP A SWEEP B
8 BIT 115200 FORWARD FORWARD
6 BIT 1200 FORWARD FORWARD

2400
8 BIT REVERSE REVERSE
4800
9600
19200
38400
57600
115200
DATA TYPE BAUD RATE SWEEP A SWEEP B
The DATA TYPE sets When using the serial The sweep option will The sweep option will
the full scale numeric interface use this display the data as display the data as
for digital data input. ( option to set the forward or reverse forward or reverse
8, 6 BIT data) that the BAUD RATE. (1200, print for channel A. print for channel B.
recorder is receiving. 2400, 4800, 9600,
(ex: 6 BIT = 0 (white) 19200, 38400, 57600,
to 63 (black)This 115200)
function is mainly used
for the processing
digital data.
Appendix B - 9
AUTOEVENT AUTOMESG AUTO ANNOT STACKING
OFF OFF OFF OFF
OFF OFF OFF OFF
1 TO 32766 1 TO 32766 ON 2 TO 5
(INCR 1) (INCR 1) (INCR 1)
AUTOEVENT AUTOMESG AUTO ANNOT STACKING
The recorder may print The recorder may This feature will Stacking is a function
an EVENT MARK on print a message on automatically annotate which prints a rolling
set number of line set number of line the record when an average of the number
intervals by using the intervals by using the ANOLOG function has of lines selected. This
AUTO-EVENT AUTOMESG control. been changed from the is done to minimize the
control. (choose OFF (choose OFF or set CONTROL PANEL. effects of noise and
or set between 1 and between 1 and 32766 erroneous data.
32766 lines) lines) This control is
useful when used .
with the “FIX”
message.
Appendix B - 10
MESSAGE MARGIN CHAR SIZE BACKGROUND
TIME 0.00 2 WHITE
TIME 0.00 TO 10.00 1 TO 5 WHITE

DATE
(INCR 0.001) (INCR 1) DATA
SETTINGS
GPS$GPRMC
BASIC NAV
FIX #
ANALOG CFG
FH:
MESSAGE MARGIN CHAR SIZE BACKGROUND
There are several user The MARGIN will The character size will Choose between
defined events that the define the location of multiply the character either a white
operator can use. the message on the by the value indicated. background or a data
(TIME, DATE, record. (between 2 and 5 background that is
SETTINGS, times) printed on the
GSP$GPRMC, background of a
BASIC NAV message.
FIX#
ANALOG CFG
FH:
Appendix B - 11
Page intentionally left blank
Appendix B - 12
Chapter – Appendix C Rev -
I/O Panel Functions
Power Entry:
The power entry is located on the lower left side of the 1086. The 1086 has
an auto sensing power supply. It is capable of accepting an AC voltage
range of 84-264 VAC and a frequency range of 47 to 63 Hz.
While in operation the GSP-1086 will draw approximately 110 Watts of

power.
Gain: The purpose of the GAIN knob is to

4 volt amplified signal
amplify the incoming analog signal.
For example: if a simple 1 volt sine
wave is sent to the GSP-1086 and
the gain is positioned in a manner
that will allow for a X4 gain the
result will be the following. (Note:
the frequency stays the same however the
amplitude of the signal grows by four times. This
is used to define the gray representation of the
returning signal. 1 volt signal
Appendix C - 1
Threshold: Adjusting the threshold will add a

negative offset voltage to the
analog signal. For example, if the
recorder is set to acknowledge
only the positive portion of the
MIN MAX
analog signal, the threshold may
THRESHOLD be used to eliminate background
noise from the printed signal. As a rule, the lower
the threshold, the greater amount of signal will be
acknowledged. The greater the threshold, the
lower amount of signal will be acknowledged.
Polarity: The following section is designed to show the operator

the basic concepts about the Polarity function.
Appendix C - 2
Analog Signal: The input signal characteristics are as follows:
Input Voltage 0V to 10V (150 mV for

full scale ).
Band width DC - 100kHz, -3dB

@Vin =1V
Impedance 2k ohms, 50 ohm BNC

inter-connect
Key Rate: The key out signals are defined as follows:
TTL Pulse 62.5 µs wide, period

selectable from control
KEY RATE - The KEY RATE panel, polarity selectable
from control panel
control may be accessed from the
control panel. This control is used
to set the time base for triggering
whatever signal source is being used. The KEY control sends a "zero pulse" to
the signaling gear, to let it know that a scan of data is being collected. The
signaling device takes that information and generates the source signal
according to how it is configured. The KEY control is used in internal trigger
mode only. As a rule of thumb the key initiates a new line of data. Or it could be
perceived that a key will initiate a new SCAN of data. Example: when the key is
set to 0.125 the recorder will try to print a new line of data every 0.125 seconds.
SCAN RATE - The time frame over which a SCAN line of data is collected. The
SCAN is the time frame in which data is collected. The following should always
hold true:
KEY RATE> SCAN RATE +DELAY
DELAY - In deep water applications, an operator may not be interested in all the
data coming in through a prolonged scan. If the scan window is left open to
retrieve a signal coming back from a great distance, the operator is forced to use
display space to print all the data from the scan. In most cases, this would show
a lot of water and not much else. To compensate for this, the operator may
choose to delay the time that the scan window opens. If it takes 2 full seconds
Appendix C - 3
for a signal to return to the ship, the operator may choose to set the DELAY
control to 1.500 seconds. The greater the distance the signal has to travel, the
greater the delay that may be necessary.
The following page has some examples of KEY, SCANS and DELAY working
together.
Example: Here the KEY = .25 sec, the DELAY = 0 and the SCANS = .125.
At the initiation of the KEY pulse the

data will immediately start to collect.
The recorder will take 2048 samples
within the span of .125 seconds. The
2048 samples will each be assigned a
binary value based on the voltage of the
Analog signal within that given time
frame. The signals are then assigned to
their corresponding pixel on the
printhead and the printed.
Example: In this example the following

settings are:
KEY = .25 sec, the DELAY = 0.125 and
the SCANS = .125.
At the initiation of the KEY pulse the the

SCANS cycle is delayed by .125
seconds. Once the delay time is
finished the recorder begins to collect
2048 points of data over .125 seconds.
This is usually done when collecting real

time data in deep water. The delay will
reduce the size of the water column and
print more of the bottom.
2048
Appendix C - 4
External Trigger: The external trigger Input signal is defined as the following:
TTL Pulse edge sensitive sense

(rising or falling)
selectable from control
panel. 50 OHM BNC
interconnect.
Example: when the

recorder is set to
External trigger, the
Key Rate BNC should
not be used. The
External Trigger BNC
is now enabled. The
following example
shows the recorder
being triggered every
.25 seconds. The
data sampling or scan
rate is set for .125
seconds.
External Mark: The external trigger Input signal is defined as the

following:
Basically, External Mark is activated by a key closure. An event

mark, defined by the EVENT menu will occur on the paper.
TTL input Contact closure, 50 OHM

BNC inter-connect
Pulse Width 1.0 ms minimum pulse

width
Latency 10-100ms depending upon

gray levels
Appendix C - 5
FUNCTION HEADER ARGUMENTS

ANALOG
Keyboard
interface : DELAY PERIOD DEL 0.000 to 8.00
EXT TRIGGER SLOPE SLO RIS, FAL

The keyboard interface is KEY POLARITY KPO POS, NEG
extremely easy to use.
KEY RATE KEY 0.00 to 10.00
When the machine is OFF. SCAN RATE SCN 0.00 to 10.00
Plug a standard “QWERTY” SIGNAL SELECT SIG SIN, DUAL

type key board into other to TRIGGER SELECT TRI INT, EXT
the jack marked KEYBOARD
on the I/O panel and turn the
ANNOTATION
unit ON. You are now ready
to enter commands from the AUTO - EVENT AUT OFF, 1 to 60
key board. To test the BACKGROUND BAC WHITE, DATA

interface type, the following, as CHARACTER SIZE SIZ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
it appears below: FILL MESSAGE BUFFER FIL 1, 2, 3
MESSAGE LOCATION MAR 0.00 to 10.00

FEED 3.5
PRINT EVENT EVE DASHED, SOLID, TICK,
MESSAGE
As you type, the characters
PRINT MESSAGE MES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, TEXT
will appear on the second line STRING
of the left display. There is no CHART
back space or line editing
LINE REPEAT REP 1 to 5
facility. If you make a mistake
press ENTER and start again. LINES PER INCH LPI 75, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200,
240, 300, EXT
After typing the string correctly
PAPER FEED FEE 0.01 to 30.00
press ENTER . If the paper
advances 3.5 inches, the
command was implemented CONTROL
properly. If the machine beeps DATA TYPE DTY 3BIT to 8 BIT
and displays an error IMAGE WIDTH IMA 1 to 2048
message, try again.
SET DATE DAT XX/XX/XX
SET TIME TIM XX:XX:XX
DISPLAY
CONTRAST CON -30 to 40
MEDIA MED Paper, film
SCALE LINES SCA 5, 10, 20, OFF
SHADES OF GRAY SHA 008, 016, 032, 064
SWEEP DIRECTION SWE FOR, REV
Appendix C - 6
Parallel Interface: The section in the 1086 Operators manual

covers all of the command sets which control the 1086 recorder.
The operator’s manual also covers the fictional description of the
parallel port.
RS-232 Interface: The section in the 1086 Operator’s manual covers

all of the command sets which control the 1086 recorder.
Network Interface: To use the networking features, you must

have a keyboard and monitor connected to the system for
configuration. Refer to Chapter 3 for specific details regarding the
use of network protocol.
VGA: A VGA connector is also located on the Side Connector Plate.

This is provided so that the operator may use a monitor to perform
maintenance to either the Operating System or other executable
programs on the 1086NT-2k Series.
Appendix C - 7
Appendix C - 8

M1086Nt-2K Release Notes: 1.0 General

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M1086NT-2K RELEASE NOTES

Effective 27 September 2007

2.0 Differences Between 1086NT and 1086NT-2K:

• BANDPASS FILTERS – The Bandpass Filter Controls no longer use a

• TVG – TVG is now on a scale of 0 (off) to 100 (max) is no longer applied

3.0 XTF File Export and Playback:

Please e-mail johnc@epclabs.com or call 1-978-462-1900 to report defects or

EPC LABORATORIES, INC.

EPC LABORATORIES, INC. 8 Perry Way, Newburyport, MA 01950

• Keep away from live circuits. Operating and maintenance personnel

• To prevent damage, caution must be exercised when removing or

• The TGR PCBs contain components sensitive to electrostatic

• Avoid the use of flammable or toxic cleaning fluids such as carbon

• Use care when soldering. Avoid breathing the fumes from

EPC LABORATORIES, INC. 8 Perry Way, Newburyport, MA 01950

Chapter Section Description Page

1.0 General ………………………………………………………. 1-1

1.1 Controls & Features ………………………………………… 1-1

1.1.1 Control Panel ………………………………………………… 1-1

1.1.2 Keyboard Interface …………………………………………. 1-2

1.1.3 Serial Command Interface ………………………………. 1-2

1.1.4 Analog Data …………………………………………………. 1-3

1.1.5 Digital Data ………………………………………………….. 1-3

1.2 A Sample Session ………………………………………….. 1-5

1.2.1 TGR Preparation ……………………………………………. 1-5

1.2.2 Load Paper ………………………………………………….. 1-5

1.2.3 Power-up …………………………………………………….. 1-6

1.2.4 Check Paper Feed ………………………………………….. 1-7

1.2.5 Secure Take-up Reel ………………………………………. 1-7

1.2.6 Check Test Pattern …………………………………………. 1-8

1.2.7 Print Some Data …………………………………………….. 1-8

1.2.7.1 Printing Analog Data ..……………………………………… 1-10

1.2.7.2 Printing Parallel Data ………………………………………. 1-10

1.3 Data Storage and Network Configuration ......................... 1-11

2.0 General ………………………………………………………. 2-1

2.1 Mechanical Frame ……..…………………………………… 2-1

2.2 Electronic Components …..………………………………… 2-1

2.2.1 Power Distribution Board …………………………………… 2-1

2.2.2 Microprocessor Board ……………………………………... 2-2

EPC LABORATORIES, INC. 8 Perry Way, Newburyport, MA 01950

Chapter Section Description Page

2.2.3 Digital I/O Board ….………………………………………… 2-2

2.2.4 Analog Digitizer Board …………………..…………………. 2-2

2.2.5 Printhead Controller .........………………………………….. 2-3

2.2.6 System Controller Board ….………………………………… 2-3

2.2.7 Thermal Printhead ..………………………………………… 2-3

2.3 Power System …….………………………………………… 2-4

2.3.1 Line Input Module …………………………………………… 2-4

2.3.2 Main Power Supply …….………………….…………….. 2-4

2.3.3 Power Distribution Board …………………………………… 2-4

2.4 Paper Transport System …………………………………… 2-5

2.4.1 Feed Roll Magazine ..….…………………………………… 2-5

2.4.2 Paper Feed Block ...………………………………………… 2-5

2.4.3 Print Roller Assembly ………………………………………. 2-6

2.4.4 View Panel …………………………………………………... 2-6

2.4.5 Pinch & Drive Rollers ………………………………………. 2-6

2.4.6 Stainless Steel Gear Train ………………………………… 2-6

2.4.7 Stepper Motor ………………………………………………. 2-6

2.4.8 Take-up Motor ……………………………………………….. 2-7

2.4.9 Take-up Blocks ….. .………………………………………… 2-7

2.4.10 Take-up Chamber ………………………………………... 2-7

2.5 Error Sensors ……………………………………………….. 2-7

2.5.1 Printhead Not Engaged Switch ………………………….… 2-8