Delayed Internet Routing Convergence

Craig Labovitz Abha Ahuja, Abhijit Bose

Microsoft Research Farnam Jahanian
One Microsoft Way University of Michigan
Redmond, WA 98052-63999 Department of Electrical Engineering and

    
   
 Computer Science
1301 Beal Avenue
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122
          
   

ABSTRACT
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1. INTRODUCTION
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 ISP1 ISP1

Cumulative Percentage of Events

Cumulative Percentage of Events
100 100
ISP2 ISP2
90 90
ISP3 ISP3
80 ISP4 80 ISP4
70 ISP5 70 ISP5
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Seconds Until Convergence Seconds Until Convergence

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Oa P
 35
1.7

30
1.6

25

Percentage Packet Loss

1.5

Normalized Latency
Fault
20
Tshort 1.4
Tlong
Tlong
Tshort
15 1.3 Fault

10 1.2

5 1.1

0 1
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One Minute Bins Before and After Fault One Minute Bins Before and After Fault

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Oa O
 Stage Time Routing Tables Messages Processing Messages Queued in System
steady state
0 N/A
0(*R, 1R, 2R) 1(0R, *R, 2R) 2(0R, 1R, *R)
R -> 0 W 2 -> 0 20R
N/A R withdraws its route 0 -> 1 01R 1 -> 0 10R
1 R -> 1 W 2 -> 1 20R
0(-, *1R, 2R) 1(*0R, -, 2R) 2(*0R, 1R, -) 0 -> 2 01R 1 -> 2 10R
R -> 2 W
AS 0
1 and 2 receive new announcement from 0 0 -> 1 01R 1 -> 0 12R 2 -> 0 21R
2 N/A 1 -> 0 10R 2 -> 0 20R
0(-, *1R, 2R) 1(-, -, *2R) 2(01R, *1R, -) 0 -> 2 01R 1 -> 2 10R 2 -> 1 20R 1 -> 2 12R 2 -> 1 21R

R 0 and 2 receive new announcement from 1 1 -> 0 10R 2 -> 0 20R 1 -> 0 12R 2 -> 0 21R 0 -> 1 02R 2 -> 0 201R
3 N/A 2 -> 1 21R 0 -> 2 02R 2 -> 1 201R
0(-, -, *2R) 1(-, -, *2R) 2(*01R, 10R, -) 1 -> 2 10R 2 -> 1 20R 1 -> 2 12R
AS 2 AS 1
2 -> 0 20R 1 -> 0 12R 2 -> 0 21R 0 -> 1 02R 2 -> 0 201R 0 -> 1 W 1 -> 0 120R
0 and 1 receive new announcement from 2
2 -> 1 21R 2 -> 1 201R 0 -> 2 W 1 -> 2 120R
4 N/A 2 -> 1 20R 1 -> 2 12R 0 -> 2 02R
0(-, -, -) 1(-, -, *20R) 2(*01R, 10R, -)

1 -> 0 12R 2 -> 0 21R 0 -> 1 02R 2 -> 0 201R 0 -> 1 W 1 -> 0 120R 0 -> 1 012R
0 and 2 receive new announcement from 1
2 -> 1 21R 0 -> 2 02R 2 -> 1 201R 0 -> 2 W 1 -> 2 120R 0 -> 2 012R
5 N/A 1 -> 2 12R
0(-, *12R, -) 1(-, -, *20R) 2(*01R, -, -)

0 -> 1 02R 2 -> 0 201R 0 -> 1 W 1 -> 0 120R 0 -> 1 012R 1 -> 0 W
0 and 1 receive new announcement from 2 2 -> 0 21R
0 -> 2 02R 2 -> 1 201R 0 -> 2 W 1 -> 2 120R 0 -> 2 012R 1 -> 2 W
6 N/A 2 -> 1 21R
0(-, *12R, 21R) 1(-, -, -) 2(*01R, -, -)

(steps omitted)
steady state
48 N/A 0(-, -, -) 1(-, -, -) 2(-, -, -)

  
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Oa _
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" .  #  * 3  "   - # +  +3 #  # #    #  4  " .    $ % -  #    , "# + (   + ) #  3 #  -  3 $ 0
  + #   #  #  " #    #     $ % " . # 0 '( #    # ) 
(+   $$ " + -   *  % +( #   " + -   3 $$  " - + ) #  $+ " .   #  D   / !    S  #  # #   4 +, + 4  ,# + "    ,$- 3   "
" #   "  #  " L + ) #  T - , # !  0    3 $$ #   "  " )   #   4  #/%   $. +  #  ! 3 #  #    " L + ) #  T - , # !  
#  # + " $& $+ " .  " - $+ " .  T J 7 #   3 $$ 4  " " + ) " %  - ) " /    $ - # +  % + !  $#  .    0    -  .   # + 3  %  " /
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 !  $ .  " 0 # + " " " % + !  $#  .       # +  % +( + )  % )   "#     % 0

1  + "   %  , " . #   3 #  -  3 $ ( + ! " + -  * #3 $, !  /

 .     . "  #  -   +3 " " # .  O + ( G . )   Q 0  # 6. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
T  !  - 3 #   ! + -  $ +( 5 6 7 % + ", .  " % * 3  " +3  # )  "
# + #     ) $#     "#  - " J %# + "  0 D & - + )  `  +#
)  % + " -  #   !    .   3 # " . # + 4    + %   - # " + - 
O0 '#   + ) # " . # 4 $ % )   "# $& % + " #  + (  #   +( $" . # 
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#3 +  
O V P  * *R   _  W 0 +3  , *  % +( #    , " . !  /
# + " $  " #   + 4  ,# + " #  # * $2 #   % + !   + " 4 /
 .   # " + -  O    $%   #   % +   + " - " . R/$" . #   # 
#3   " 8  $. + #  !   " - 5 6 7 * )  `   + #   # %# $& " /

Oa 
Stage Time Routing Tables Messages Processing Messages Queued in System

steady state steady state

0 N/A
0(*R, 1R, 2R, 3R) 1(0R, *R, 2R, 3R) 2(0R, 1R, *R, 3R) 3(0R, 1R, 2R, *R)

R withdraws its route R -> 0 W R -> 3 W 0 -> 1 01R 1 -> 0 10R 2 -> 0 20R 3 -> 0 30R
1 N/A 0 -> 2 01R 1 -> 2 10R 2 -> 1 20R 3 -> 1 30R
0(-, *1R, 2R, 3R) 1(*0R, -, 2R, 3R) 2(*0R, 1R, -, 3R) 3(*0R, 1R, 2R, -) R -> 1 W
R -> 2 W 0 -> 3 01R 1 -> 3 10R 2 -> 3 20R 3 -> 2 30R
announcement from 0
0 -> 1 01R 1 -> 0 10R 2 -> 0 20R 3 -> 0 30R
2 N/A 0(-, *1R, 2R, 3R) 1(-, -, *2R, 3R) 2(01R, *1R, -, 3R) 3(01R, *1R, 2R, -) 0 -> 2 01R 1 -> 2 10R 2 -> 1 20R 3 -> 1 30R
0 -> 3 01R 1 -> 3 10R 2 -> 3 20R 3 -> 2 30R
announcement from 1 1 -> 0 10R 2 -> 0 20R 3 -> 0 30R
3 N/A 0(-, -, *2R, 3R) 1(-, -, *2R, 3R) 2(*01R, 10R, -, 3R) 3(*01R, 10R, 2R, -) 1 -> 2 10R 2 -> 1 20R 3 -> 1 30R
1 -> 3 10R 2 -> 3 20R 3 -> 2 30R

announcement from 2 2 -> 0 20R 3 -> 0 30R

4 N/A 0(-, -, -, *3R) 1(-, -, 20R, *3R) 2(01R, 10R, -, *3R) 3(*01R, 10R, 20R, -) 2 -> 1 20R 3 -> 1 30R
2 -> 3 20R 3 -> 2 30R

Min Route Timer expires announcement from 3 3 -> 0 30R 0 -> 1 W 1 -> 0 120R 2 -> 0 201R 3 -> 0 301R
5 30 0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, *20R, 30R) 2(*01R, 10R, -, 30R) 3(*01R, 10R, 20R, -) 3 -> 1 30R 0 -> 2 W 1 -> 2 120R 2 -> 1 201R 3 -> 1 301R
3 -> 2 30R 0 -> 3 W 1 -> 3 120R 2 -> 3 201R 3 -> 2 301R

withdrawal from 0 0 -> 1 W 1 -> 0 120R 2 -> 0 201R 3 -> 0 301R

6 N/A 0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, *20R, 30R) 2(-, *10R, -, 30R) 3(-, *10R, 20R, -) 0 -> 2 W 1 -> 2 120R 2 -> 1 201R 3 -> 1 301R
0 -> 3 W 1 -> 3 120R 2 -> 3 201R 3 -> 2 301R
announcement from 1 1 -> 0 120R 2 -> 0 201R 3 -> 0 301R
7 N/A 0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, *20R, 30R) 2(-, -, -, *30R) 3(-, 120R, *20R, -) 1 -> 2 120R 2 -> 1 201R 3 -> 1 301R
1 -> 3 120R 2 -> 3 201R 3 -> 2 301R

announcement from 2 2 -> 0 201R 3 -> 0 301R

8 N/A 0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, -, *30R) 2(-, -, -, *30R) 3(-, 120R, *201R, -) 2 -> 1 201R 3 -> 1 301R
2 -> 3 201R 3 -> 2 301R
Min Route Timer expires 3 -> 0 301R 1 -> 0 W 2 -> 0 2301R 3 -> 0 3120R
announcement from 3
9 60 3 -> 1 301R 1 -> 2 W 2 -> 1 2301R 3 -> 1 3120R
0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, -, -) 2(-, -, -, *301R) 3(-, *120R, 201R, -)
3 -> 2 301R 1 -> 3 W 2 -> 3 2301R 3 -> 2 3120R

withdrawal from 1 1 -> 0 W 2 -> 0 2301R 3 -> 0 3120R

10 N/A
0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, -, -) 2(-, -, -, *301R) 3(-, -, *201R, -) 1 -> 2 W 2 -> 1 2301R 3 -> 1 3120R
1 -> 3 W 2 -> 3 2301R 3 -> 2 3120R
2 -> 0 2301R 3 -> 0 3120R
11 N/A announcement from 2
0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, -, -) 2(-, -, -, *301R) 3(-, -, -, -) 2 -> 1 2301R 3 -> 1 3120R
2 -> 3 2301R 3 -> 2 3120R
Min Route Timer expires
3 -> 0 3120R 2 -> 0 W 3 -> 0 W
12 90 announcement from 3 3 -> 1 3120R 2 -> 1 W 3 -> 1 W
0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, -, -) 2(-, -, -, -) 3(-, -, -, -) 3 -> 2 3120R 2 -> 3 W 3 -> 2 W

2 -> 0 W
13 N/A process withdrawals
0(-, -, -, -) 1(-, -, -, -) 2(-, -, -, -) 3(-, -, -, -) 2 -> 1 W
2 -> 3 W
3 -> 0 W
3 -> 1 W
3 -> 2 W

  
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5 N/A 60 306 5 60 26 54 5 30 23 54
6 N/A 320 2571 6 90 50 92 6 30 39 92
7 N/A 1955 23823 7 120 85 140 7 30 59 140

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