RESULT

Volume of copper is calculated by using M1V1 = M2V2

Stock Diluted
Concentration
Concentration of Volume of Copper (ml) of Copper Volumetric
Copper (ppm) (ppm) flask (ml)
M1 V1 M2 V2

1 100 0.25 0.5 100

2 100 0.5 1.0 100

3 100 0.75 1.5 100

4 100 1.00 2.0 100

5 100 1.25 2.5 100

6 100 2.00 4.0 100

Table 1: Data of standard copper

Table 2: Data of standard copper

Concentration (ppm) Absorbance

0.5 0.000
1.0 0.000
1.5 0.001
2.0 0.002
2.5 0.003
4.0 0.003
 Table 3: Concentration value of sample solution

Sample solution Concentration (ppm) Absorbance

Tea infusion (pure) 1.614 0.0012

Tea infusion (acid) 2.456 0.0021

Ash acid 6.361 0.0060

Ash (no acid) 5.682 0.0053

Absorbance vs Concentration (ppm)

0.01
0.01
0.01 Copper Standard
Absorbance

0 Linear (Copper
0 f(x)==0.82
R² 0x - 0 Standard)
R² = 0.82
0
0
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Concentration (ppm)

Graph 1: Absorbance vs Concentration

DISCUSSION

Mineral, naturally occurring homogeneous solid with a definite chemical composition and a
highly ordered atomic arrangement; it is usually formed by inorganic processes. (Cornelis,
2019). Cooper is also an element and a mineral. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is
an analytical technique used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the elements
present in different samples like food, nonmaterial, biomaterials, forensics, and industrial
wastes. Atomic absorption is so sensitive that it can measure down to parts per billion of a
gram (μg dm–3) in a sample.

This experiment was conducted to determine the mineral content in sample and to prepare
the standard concentrations from given standard stock solution. Copper standard were prepare
for standard dilution with difference concentration. Each volume of copper for both stock and
diluted was calculated as shown in Table 1. Based on Table 2, the absorbance of the copper
was determined. The absorbance for concentration 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2.0 ppm and
2.5 ppm are 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003 and 0.003 respectively.

Figure 1 shows absorbance vs concentration graph for both copper standard and samples
(Tea infusion and Ash). It shows that the relationship between concentrations of copper
standard with absorbance is weak. The R2 value obtained for concentration of copper standard
is 0.8202 which is far from theoretical value; 1. This proves that the result is not really
accurate because of error. The machine (Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
model 100 analyst) used were not functioning well thus it effect the value of R2.

Four difference samples were used to determine the copper by using AAS. The samples
used are tea infusion which was divided by two (with acid and without acid) and Ash with
acid and without acid. The samples has been analysed to determine the concentrations. From
the concentration, the absorbance can be calculated by using equation for the straight line
generate by using excel. The concentration of copper for ash with acid is 6.361 while the
concentration of copper for tea infusion with acid is 2.456. The concentration of copper for
ash without acid is 5.862 while the concentration of copper for pure infusion without acid
is2.456. It can be conclude that ashing technique is the better than infusion technique in order
to get a better results.
REFERENCES

1. Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Nieman, T. A. (1998). Principles of Instrumental

Analysis. Brooks Cole.
2. Skoog, D. A., West, D. M., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2004). Fundamentals of
Analytical Chemistry. Brooks Cole.
3. Mineral
Cornelis Klein - https://www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound